How to Solve the Education Crisis for Boys and Men | Richard Reeves | TED

106,715 views

2023-06-21 ใƒป TED


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How to Solve the Education Crisis for Boys and Men | Richard Reeves | TED

106,715 views ใƒป 2023-06-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์•„์—ฐ ์ • ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jaewook Seol
00:04
In 1972,
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1972๋…„,
00:06
the US passed a landmark piece of legislation.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
The new law was called Title IX,
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์ƒˆ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํƒ€์ดํ‹€ ๋‚˜์ธ(TItle IX)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:12
and it expanded economic and educational opportunities for women,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๊ต์œก์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
00:17
especially in higher education.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์š”.
00:19
Back then, there was a 16-percentage-point gap
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๋‹น์‹œ, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š”
[๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜: ์ฒญ์ƒ‰ - ๋‚จ์ž / ๋…น์ƒ‰ - ์—ฌ์ž]
16ํผ์„ผํŠธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
in the awarding of college degrees
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00:25
in favor of men.
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00:26
Within a decade,
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10๋…„ ๋งŒ์—
00:27
women had caught up and then just blew right past the men.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์•˜๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:33
Today, there's an 18-percentage-point gap in the awarding of college degrees.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” 18ํผ์„ผํŠธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
So there's a bigger gender gap today,
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ํƒ€์ดํ‹€ ๋‚˜์ธ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ 50๋…„ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค
00:42
in US higher education,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์„ฑ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
than there was 50 years ago when Title IX was passed.
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00:48
It's just the other way around.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ๋’ค๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
00:52
I study inequality for a living,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:54
and for most of my career,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:55
I focused on the divides of class and race.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But in recent years,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
01:01
I've just been noticing more and more gender gaps
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์ €๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:04
and not in the direction that I was expecting.
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:08
Probably like most of you,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
01:10
Iโ€™m used to thinking about gender equality
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์ €๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:12
and the goal of gender equality as synonymous
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋™์˜์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
with the advancement of women and girls.
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01:17
But it's now clear that there are many boys and men
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
01:20
who've fallen behind
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๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
and that we have to be able to think about gender inequality
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
in both directions.
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01:27
One thing that makes that hard is that the changes have been so quick,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ,
01:31
so rapid,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
01:32
that it's hard to update our beliefs to match the new facts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
It's a bit like the needles on a compass swinging round.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์ด ๋น™๋น™ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Suddenly north is south and south is north.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ์ชฝ์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ชฝ์€ ๋ถ์ชฝ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
It's really quite disorienting.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐˆํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:46
But it's clear that on some measures at least
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฑด, ์ ์–ด๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์žฃ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š”
01:48
now men are lagging quite a way behind,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:52
not least on college campuses.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์บ ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And that reflects the fact that boys are trailing girls
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๋˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
throughout the education system.
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02:00
Two thirds of the top academic performers in high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์—์„œ ์„ฑ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ƒ์œ„ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๊ฐ€
02:04
measured by GPA, are girls.
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์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์ : ๋…น์ƒ‰-์—ฌ์ž / ์ฒญ์ƒ‰-๋‚จ์ž]
02:07
And two thirds of those at the bottom are boys.
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๋˜ ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
It's not just in the US.
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02:14
If we look at the 20 most economically advanced countries in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ 20๊ฐœ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
[๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ: ์ขŒ(์ฒญ์ƒ‰) - ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ž‰ / ์šฐ(๋…น์ƒ‰) - ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ž‰]
02:18
there's on average a 13-percentage-point gap
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€
02:21
in the share of young men and young women with a college degree,
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 13ํผ์„ผํŠธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:24
with young women much more likely to have a college degree.
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์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And in some nations, the gap is much bigger.
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
In Norway, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์—์„œ๋Š”
02:33
there's almost a 20-point gap.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 20 ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And just like in the US,
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๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ,
02:38
these differences at the college level
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ํ•™๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
02:40
reflect what's happening earlier in the school system.
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์ดˆยท์ค‘๋“ฑ ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
It used to be that maybe boys were ahead in math and science,
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์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ์•ž์„ฐ๊ณ ,
02:48
girls were ahead in reading and language in roughly equal measure.
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์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ถฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์•ž์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
That's not true today.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜์—” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Internationally, at the age of 15,
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[15์„ธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ: ์ˆ˜ํ•™-๊ณผํ•™-์ฝ๊ธฐ]
๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ, 15์„ธ์—
02:55
there's a five-point gap in favor of boys and math.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ 5 ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์•ž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:59
There's essentially no gap in science,
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
a slight gap in favor of girls actually in science.
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์‹ค์€ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:04
But boys are 30 points behind girls at the age of 15
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ
15์„ธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 30์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
in reading and language skills.
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03:11
But not all boys and men are struggling in the same way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
The intersection of gender with class and race really matters here.
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์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So boys from poorer households
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ
[์†Œ๋“ ๋ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž…ํ•™: ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ถ•-๋ถ€๋ชจ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ / ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•-๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž…ํ•™๋ฅ ]
03:22
and middle-class households,
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
03:24
much less likely to attend college than girls from the same background.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ถœ์‹  ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
But there's a much smaller gap at the top of the economic ladder.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
I think one of the reasons
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋” ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„
03:33
that elites can sometimes struggle to grasp what's going on with boys and men
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ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:37
is that the gender gaps are just much less stark
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
in affluent communities.
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03:44
And the gender gaps are even more stark for Black Americans.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:49
For every Black man getting a college degree,
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ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:52
there are two Black women.
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So anybody who really cares about boys and men
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€
03:59
has to care about racial injustice and economic inequality.
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
And anybody who really cares about racial injustice
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ 
04:10
and economic inequality
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04:12
has to care about boys and men.
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์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Now, the fact that the education system doesn't seem to be working very well
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๋„ค, ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
04:19
for lots of boys and men
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04:20
is obviously not intentional.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์˜๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
There wasn't a feminist conspiracy 100 years ago
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100๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
โ€œ๊ธ€์Ž„, ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.โ€œ
04:29
to say, "Well, it might take a century, but eventually we'll overtake them."
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04:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:35
Especially as it was men who mostly designed the school system.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Whatโ€™s happened is that as the artificial and sexist barriers
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค ์•ž์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ธ์œ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด
04:44
that were placed in front of women and girls
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04:46
have been successively removed,
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์—ฐ์ด์–ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:48
so their natural advantages in the classroom have been revealed.
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๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Compared to girls,
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
04:56
boys face two big structural disadvantages in education.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
First, their brains simply develop later.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
The skills of planning, organization and impulse control
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๊ณ„ํš์„ฑ, ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ, ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํŠนํžˆ
05:09
are associated with the prefrontal cortex,
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
05:12
which develops in adolescence especially.
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์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
But about a year later, on average, for boys than for girls.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 1๋…„ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
So there's a significant difference there in the timing of brain development.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Social scientists refer to those skills, planning, organization, etcetera,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ฑ, ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„
05:31
as non-cognitive skills.
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๋น„์ธ์ง€์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
I like to think of them as "chemistry homework" skills.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ โ€œํ™”ํ•™ ์ˆ™์ œโ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
You know, doing your chemistry homework requires a lot of steps.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ™”ํ•™ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
You have to be paying attention in class when the assignment is given.
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๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:45
You have to make a note of it.
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ํ•„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
05:47
You have to remember hours later that you're supposed to do it.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
You have to actually sit down and do it,
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๋” ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
05:53
instead of something more enticing instead.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:56
And remember, it's chemistry homework, so that's everything.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ํ™”ํ•™ ์ˆ™์ œ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ฃ .
05:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:00
Sorry, I know there are some chemists here, I'm sorry.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ™”ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
And then turn it in.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ œ์ถœ์„ ํ•ด์š”.
06:05
That's a lot of steps, right?
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ ๋งŽ์ฃ ?
06:07
That's a lot.
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Getting your homework done requires your impulse control
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์ด๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€์‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
to match what psychologists refer to as sensation seeking.
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06:17
Basically, that urge to go and do something more fun, more exciting.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๋™์ด์ฃ .
06:21
And even in the most difficult years of adolescence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹œ์ ˆ์—,
06:25
which are also the crucial years for educational success,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—,
06:29
girls have a reasonable balance between impulse control and sensation seeking.
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[์—ฌํ•™์ƒ: ์ ์ƒ‰ - ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ / ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ - ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”๊ตฌ]
์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์—
์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
But it's a very different story for adolescent boys.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ฃ .
06:39
They have higher levels of sensation seeking.
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[๋‚จํ•™์ƒ: ์ ์ƒ‰ - ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ / ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ - ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”๊ตฌ]
๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And with that less developed prefrontal cortex,
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๋˜ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹น ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:45
they have significantly lower levels of impulse control.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ถฉ๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Again, on average.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:52
Now if you still don't believe me,
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ํ˜น์‹œ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ชป ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:55
go into any ninth or 10th grade classroom
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์•„๋ฌด ์ค‘3์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ 1 ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
06:59
and ask all the students to open up their backpacks.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:04
Most, many, at least of the girls, will have pretty carefully organized,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€, ์ ์–ด๋„ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€, ๊ฝค ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ
07:09
nicely labeled binders.
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๋ผ๋ฒจ์ด ์ž˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ธ๋”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
And for many, if not most of the boys,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„,
07:12
it will resemble a small, controlled explosion.
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๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ํญํŒŒ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:19
It's not that girls are smarter than boys.
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์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
There's no gender gap in intelligence levels
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์ง€๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
in either direction.
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์–ด๋Š ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:28
It is just that girls develop more of these non-cognitive skills,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ธ์ง€์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค,
07:32
these "chemistry homework" skills,
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์ฆ‰ โ€œํ™”ํ•™ ์ˆ™์ œโ€œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
07:35
somewhat earlier than boys do.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
That's just a fact.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
07:40
But it is a fact that we ignore in education policy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
07:44
The second big structural problem that boys face in the classroom
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
07:47
is the lack of male teachers.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
After falling for decades,
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
07:50
the share of K-12 teachers who are male in the US is now just 23 percent.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ดˆยท์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ 23%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And falling.
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๋˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:57
And the lack of male teachers matters for at least three reasons.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
First, for many children, [they] can be an important male role model,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
especially if they don't have one at home.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ง‘์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”์š”.
08:07
And second, male teachers appear to be more sensitive
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ
๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
to the specific challenges of boys in the classroom.
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08:14
I can vividly remember my own experience.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒช์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋˜๋ ท์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
I can actually still feel what it was like to sit for what felt like hours on end
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์˜์ž์— ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜
08:23
on an incredibly hard plastic chair,
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์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:26
and that it was actually a male primary school teacher, Mr. Cole,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์…จ๋˜ ์ฝœ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ
08:29
who gave us more opportunities to move around,
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฃผ์…จ๊ณ 
08:31
made the lessons a little bit more interactive.
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์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์‹  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
And the third reason male teachers may matter
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:38
is there's some evidence that,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:39
especially in subjects like English,
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์˜์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
08:42
which is where the boys have fallen so far behind,
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์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
08:45
having a male teacher seems to dispel the idea
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08:48
that reading and writing just aren't for me or for people like me.
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๋–จ์ณ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
In a similar way to how having a female teacher
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์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๊ณต๊ณ„ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ
08:55
has historically helped girls in STEM subjects.
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์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:00
Right now, in too many of our schools,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
09:03
our boys feel like square pegs being forced into round holes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™๊ทธ๋ž€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ๋ผ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
๋„ค๋ชจ๋‚œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And too often our response is to try and fix the boys
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ํ”ํžˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
09:12
rather than fix the schools.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:14
The problems of boys are turned into problems with boys.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:20
If they struggle to sit still or pay attention
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
09:22
or apply themselves to a task,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:24
they may be diagnosed with some kind of disability.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žฅ์•  ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Their problems are thus medicalized and often medicated.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒํ™”๋˜๊ณ , ํ”ํžˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
In the US today, 23 percent of school-age boys
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์˜ 23%๊ฐ€
09:35
have been diagnosed with some form of developmental disability.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์žฅ์•  ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
Twice the rate for girls.
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์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋‹จ์œจ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ์ฃ .
09:41
ADHD, as you might expect, is the most common.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์…จ๋“ฏ, ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:45
But really,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”,
09:47
when one in four of our boys has a developmental disability,
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ 4๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:53
it seems clear to me that it is the system which is disabling
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
rather than the boys who are disabled.
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09:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:04
Now, there's a lot we can do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
10:06
to make the education system work better for boys.
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๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Let's start with those two big problems,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:11
of later brain development and lack of male teachers.
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๋‡Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ .
10:14
So first, we should start boys in school a year later.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ผ ๋…„ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ž…ํ•™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And the idea there is to level the playing field,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‘๋‡Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ
10:21
given those differences in the timing of brain development.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฃ .
10:24
And actually that's already quite common practice
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๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ๋Š”
10:26
at private schools and in lots of affluent communities,
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
10:29
but it's actually not the boys from rich families
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž…ํ•™ ์ „์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
10:32
who will benefit the most from that extra year.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
It's the boys from lower-income,
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์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
10:36
poorer neighborhoods and families
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:38
who would most benefit from the gift of extra time for development.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
And that's why I think this should be a question of public policy.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Second, we need to recruit hundreds of thousands more male teachers,
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋ฝ‘์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
especially in subjects like English,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๊ณ 
10:54
where the boys are struggling so much
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ธ
10:56
and which is the subject men are least likely to be teaching.
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์˜์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:00
And here I think we can draw some really good lessons
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์ด
11:03
from the successful movement
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์ด๊ณต๊ณ„ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:05
to get more women and girls interested in STEM subjects.
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์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
So that means setting clear targets, launching public campaigns
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ,
๊ณต๊ณต ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:12
and offering financial scholarships
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์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ง์— ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
11:15
to men who want to enter teaching as a profession.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Of course, those are changes that will take time.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Those are long-term changes.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
11:23
And there are millions of boys and men who are struggling right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And so if you're a parent or a teacher working with a boy or a young man
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๊ณผ
11:32
who's in difficulty right now,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
11:33
my message to you is, first,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ง์”€์€,
11:36
be careful not to even inadvertently judge him against a female standard
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฌด์‹ฌ์ฝ” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
๋น„๋‚œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
or blame him if he's struggling in a system
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11:43
that just might not be working very well for him.
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์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Recognize and respect the ways in which he's different.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:50
Don't say,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
11:52
"Why can't you be more like your sister?"
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โ€œ์™œ ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋„ˆํฌ ๋ˆ„๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ˆ?โ€
11:56
Try not to even think that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:59
It's very important that we don't treat our boys
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚œ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:02
as if they were malfunctioning girls.
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์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
And the second message to those people, cousins, parents, neighbors, friends,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค, ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค,
12:10
uncles, coaches, anybody working with a boy or a young man
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์‚ผ์ดŒ๋“ค, ์ฝ”์น˜๋“ค, ๋˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๊ณผ
12:14
who is struggling right now, is simply, thank you.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ , ๊ทธ์ €, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
They do need you.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก ,
12:24
doing more for boys and men
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:26
doesn't mean doing any less for women and girls.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Thatโ€™s like saying to the parent of a son and daughter:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”ธ์„ ๋‘” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘์— ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ณด์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€œ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
12:32
"You're only allowed to care about one of them."
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12:35
And it's the kind of zero-sum thinking
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ๋ฐ,
12:37
that is doing so much damage to our politics and to our culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:41
We can think two thoughts at once.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
We can do two things at once.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:47
Two thoughts at once, two things at once.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—.
12:49
That's why Norway,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๊ฐ€,
12:52
a country that's made huge investments,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ
12:53
quite rightly for women and girls,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€,
12:55
but where boys and men have now fallen behind on many measures,
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๋งŽ์€ ์žฃ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:58
has launched a commission for boys and men.
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
I've talked about education today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:03
but there are many other areas where many boys and men are struggling,
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๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
including in mental health, including suicide risk.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ž์‚ด ์œ„ํ—˜,
13:10
Loneliness and belonging,
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์™ธ๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ,
13:12
family life, employment.
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๊ฐ€์ • ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ทจ์—… ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
13:15
And I don't think we can afford to get this wrong.
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๋˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
If there are real problems in a society,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
13:23
and responsible people don't acknowledge and address them,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:28
irresponsible people will exploit them.
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๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์•…์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And that is already happening on this issue,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
both online and at the ballot box.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:37
We cannot leave a vacuum by neglecting this issue.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
The future cannot be female.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
13:46
Nor, of course, can the future be male.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
The future has to be for every single one of us, every boy and girl,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋…„ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
we have to rise together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์–ด์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:06
(Applause ends)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๋)
14:08
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Richard.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ.
14:09
I've got a question for you.
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๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์Šค์”จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:11
Come this way.
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์ด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
14:13
So you gave great advice there for the system as a whole,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์Šค์”จ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์—, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:16
for teachers, for parents.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
But suppose you're a 14-year-old boy listening to this talk.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์Šค์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 14์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์นฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:21
What would you say to him?
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:23
Richard Reeves: Huh.
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์Šค: ํ .
14:25
Well, the first thing Iโ€™d say is that if you are struggling at school
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๋„ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•ด์ค„ ๋ง์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋‚˜
14:28
or in some aspects of your life,
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์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:29
that's almost certainly not just your fault.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋„ค ์ž˜๋ชป๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
It may be that the system is just not working for you.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:34
The second thing I would say is ...
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ค„ ๋ง์€...
14:38
We see you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
We've got you.
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๋„ค ๊ณ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹จ๋‹ค.
14:41
We understand, we've got your back.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„ค ๋’ค์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹จ๋‹ค.
14:43
And the third thing I would say is, don't follow the people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ง์€ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
14:47
who say that the reason you're struggling is because women are flourishing.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
14:52
Or because of feminism.
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
14:53
Or because of changes in society.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ผ.
14:55
That we somehow have to,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด
14:56
in order to lift boys up,
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14:57
we have to somehow push women and girls back down again.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง.
15:00
Don't fall for that.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์†์ง€ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ผ.
15:01
Understand that we get that you're struggling,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹จ๋‹ค.
15:04
but don't turn this into zero-sum.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑธ ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋†“์ง€ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ผ.
15:06
Don't turn to some of the darker corners of the internet where unfortunately,
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ
15:10
that is the message many of our boys are getting.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ตฌ์„์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋ผ.
15:12
But the first part that's really important,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
15:14
that whole conversation that we had about belonging,
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”,
15:17
the wonderful difference in belonging,
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์†Œ์†๊ฐ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.
15:19
if our boys don't feel that they belong,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:22
that we've got them, that we see them,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
they're going to be much more vulnerable to those voices.
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15:27
So don't listen to those voices, but we need them to listen to us instead.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋“ค์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ผ์š”.
15:31
CA: Thank you so much.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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