Why did people wear powdered wigs? - Stephanie Honchell Smith

783,842 views ใƒป 2024-08-01

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunso Jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
In 1624, 23-year-old King Louis the XIII of France was in crisis.
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1624๋…„, ์Šค๋ฌผ์„ธ ์‚ด์ธ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์™• ๋ฃจ์ด 13์„ธ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
He was balding.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:14
What would people say, at a time when a monarch's hair
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๊ตฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•จ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
00:18
had come to symbolize his power and nobility?
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์™•์˜ ํƒˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
00:20
Louis was not interested in finding out.
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๋ฃจ์ด 13์„ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Instead, he made a decision that kicked off a 150-year fashion craze:
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์ดํ›„ 150๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŒจ์…˜ ์—ดํ’์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
he wore a particularly full wig.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ†ต๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:32
Long before Louis people adopted wigs for various reasonsโ€”
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๋ฃจ์ด 13์„ธ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
including hygiene, theater, and anti-aging endeavors.
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์œ„์ƒ, ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
Wigs date at least as far back as ancient Egypt,
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
00:43
where well-regarded hairdressers crafted them into intricate styles.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And under certain ancient Roman dynasties, women's wigs became particularly ornate,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ ์™•์กฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ™”๋ คํ•ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:53
one poet mocking their numerous tiers.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ์ธ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ธต์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church discouraged wig-wearing,
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์ค‘์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:01
emphasizing instead humility and austerity.
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๊ฒธ์†๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์š•์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So, those who did wig in medieval western Europe
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘์„ธ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์“ฐ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:08
generally wore more natural-looking styles.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
But as rules relaxed in the 1500s, wigs became more acceptable accessories.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1500๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Queen Elizabeth I of England owned over 80 red wigs,
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค 1์„ธ ์—ฌ์™•์€
๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด 80๊ฐœ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:23
which she used to augment her hair and conceal it as it thinned and grayed.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
One of these wigs even adorned her funeral effigy.
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์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹ ์กฐ์ƒ์„ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Yet it wasn't until Louis XIII unveiled his magnificent mane
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ํ›„ ๋ฃจ์ด 13์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
01:36
a couple of decades later that big wigs truly began booming.
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๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Members of Louis' court, perhaps eager to gain favor,
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๋ฃจ์ด 13์„ธ ๊ถ์ •์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ˜ธ์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ์ผ๊ณ ,
01:45
bewigged themselves and aristocrats elsewhere soon followed suit.
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๊ท€์กฑ๋“ค๋„ ๊ณง ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
The fast-growing popularity of wigs might have been accentuated
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
01:53
by concerns over hair loss caused by mercury,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋…๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•œ
01:56
which doctors then prescribed to treat syphilis and other ailments.
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์ˆ˜์€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํƒˆ๋ชจ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
But people also heralded wigs as convenient,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:04
since they eliminated the need for daily hair cleaning and styling.
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
In the mid-1600s, the trend amplified under Louis XIII's son, Louis XIV.
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1600๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜, ๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ ์œ ํ–‰์€ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
At the time, Europe took its couture cues from Madrid.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ํŒจ์…˜์€ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
But Louis XIV's government changed that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
by investing heavily in France's luxury industry.
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02:27
They created specialized guilds, formalized seasonal releases,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ถœ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:31
enforced a dress code at court,
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๊ถ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณต์žฅ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
02:32
and banned imports that could have been made in France or its colonies.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Louis XIV once even ordered his sonโ€” yet another Louisโ€”
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๋ฃจ์ด 14์„ธ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ธ ๋ฃจ์ด์—๊ฒŒ
02:41
to burn his coat because it was made of foreign cloth.
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์™ธ๊ตญ ์˜ท๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์™ธํˆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Buoyed by its growing colonial empire,
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์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ œ๊ตญ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด
02:48
France amassed wealth and influence,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ๋ถ€์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:50
and Parisian-style big wigs soon perched atop many European heads.
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ’ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
These full-bottom men's hairpieces demanded such thick, long locks
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์šฉ ํ†ต๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ๋‘๊ป๊ณ  ๊ธด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ
03:01
that ten heads of hair could go into just one.
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด ๋ช…์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Within a century, the number of Parisian wigmakers quadrupled.
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Even small villages often boasted at least one wigmaker.
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์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
They generally fabricated their merchandise from human hairโ€”
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜
03:17
probably sourced from poor womenโ€”
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์–‘ํ„ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งํ„ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
or from cheaper materials like wool or horsehair.
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03:23
To clean their wigs, eliminate odors, and absorb sweat,
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๋•€์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:27
people showered them in perfumed powders of flour, chalk, and aromatics
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๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ, ๋ถ„ํ•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๋น„๊ฝƒ, ์žฅ๋ฏธ, ์ •ํ–ฅ, ๋ ˆ๋ชฌ ๊ฐ™์€
03:32
like violet, rose, clove, and lemon.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์”ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
It was a messy business, with entire rooms designated for the task.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ฐฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:41
In fact, that's where the term "powder room" is thought to have originated.
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โ€˜ํŒŒ์šฐ๋”๋ฃธโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
By the mid-1700s, men's wigs remained popular but became simpler,
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1700๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ
๋‚จ์„ฑ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:51
often styled with curls around the face and a ponytail in back.
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์–ผ๊ตด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ง๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋’ท์ชฝ์€ ๋ฌถ์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Women's wigs, however, soared to new heights,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋†’์•„์ ธ
03:59
literally towering up to a meter.
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1m๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†’์ด ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Wigmakers often constructed these using rods, ribbons, and wool stuffing.
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋ง‰๋Œ€, ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–‘๋ชจ ์ถฉ์ „์žฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ ์ง€ํƒฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And once covered with hair,
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๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋จธ๋ฆฌํ„ธ๋กœ ๋ฎ์€ ํ›„์—๋Š”
04:08
the wig could be adorned with all manner of accoutrements.
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์žฅ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Lighter colored wigs became fashionable and were only enhanced with powders,
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๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ์œ ํ–‰์„ ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ
๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰, ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
sometimes tinted purple, pink, or blue.
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04:21
But not everyone bought into the trend.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Caricaturists mocked big wig-wearers, framing them as frivolously flamboyant.
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๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์กฐ๋กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
And the hotter temperatures in some of Europe's colonies
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๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š”
04:31
might have made heavy powdered wigs a nuisance.
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๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
In 1740, a visitor in Maryland observed that so few people wore wigs,
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1740๋…„, ๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์€
๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ์“ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
he said, "you would imagine they were all sick, or going to bed."
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โ€œ๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„ํ”ˆ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ž๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
04:44
In the late 1700s,
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1700๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜
04:46
a popular backlash against aristocratic decadence gained steam.
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๊ท€์กฑ ํ‡ดํ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฑฐ์„ธ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
As France faced a bread shortage,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ๋นต์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
04:53
flour-powdered wigs were viewed as particularly problematic.
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๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And in 1789, the French Revolution kicked off.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1789๋…„์— ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
In 1795, England's parliament passed a "powder tax"
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1795๋…„, ์˜๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” โ€˜๋ถ„๋ง์„ธโ€™ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ ,
05:06
that led many to abandon their big wigs.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And so, they fell out of fashion, left high and powder-dry,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์€ ์œ ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
like mere relics of a hair-brained past craze.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ดํ’์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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