How are microchips made? - George Zaidan and Sajan Saini

409,893 views

2025-02-25 ใƒป TED-Ed


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How are microchips made? - George Zaidan and Sajan Saini

409,893 views ใƒป 2025-02-25

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tessa Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
This is a computer chip, magnified 500 times.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 500๋ฐฐ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
What youโ€™re looking at is the top of a computing city,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋„์‹œ๋กœ
00:14
with distinct neighborhoods for different functions.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Theyโ€™re linked by up to 100 kilometers of ultra-thin copper lines,
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 100km์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทนํžˆ ์–‡์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์„ ์ด
10๋‹จ ์ด์ƒ ์Œ“์ธ ์ธต๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
running across 10 or more stacked levels.
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00:23
At the very bottom, billions of electronic devices
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๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
00:26
generate the digital traffic that pulses across the chip.
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์นฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋งฅ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
The most common of these devices is called a transistor;
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:33
itโ€™s a switch that allows current to flow if it receives a voltage.
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์ด๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Transistors can be as small as 20 nanometers,
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ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 20๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:40
and more than 50 billion of them can fit on a single chip.
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์นฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— 500์–ต ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Globally, we produce more than a trillion computer chips every year.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ 1์กฐ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Thatโ€™s about 20 trillion transistors built every second,
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์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ดˆ ์•ฝ 20์กฐ ๊ฐœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:52
and itโ€™s done in fewer than 500 fabrication plants, known as fabs.
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500 ๊ณณ์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š”, ํŒน์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
How do we build so many tiny, intricately-connected devices,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
so incredibly fast?
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01:04
The answer involves a technology called photolithography,
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๊ทธ ํ•ด๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘์‹๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:07
which helps us build all the devices on a chip simultaneously.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์นฉ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Itโ€™s like constructing all the buildings in a city at the same time.
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ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And with no tiny construction crews to help,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ์ž‘์€ ์ธ๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:18
we build using light as a measuring and sculpting tool.
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๋น›์„ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์จ์„œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The process starts with a wafer of silicon,
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์ด ๊ณต์ •์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์›จ์ดํผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
which is doused in solvents and acids to strip it clean before entering a furnace.
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์šฉ๋งค์™€ ์‚ฐ์„ ํ ๋ป‘ ์ ์…”์„œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ
์›จ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ์šฉํ•ด๋กœ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Here, oxygen gas reacts with the wafer to form a layer of silicon dioxide.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์›จ์ดํผ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ๊ทœ์†Œ ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Then, a liquid called โ€œphotoresistโ€ is spun on and baked to harden.
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์ด์–ด์„œ ์›จ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์•ก์„ ๋ถ‡๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์›Œ์„œ ๊ตณํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Next, ultraviolet light selectively illuminates the wafer,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์œผ๋กœ
01:42
by passing through or reflecting off a specialized mask.
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์›จ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
In the lit areas, a reaction weakens the photoresistโ€™s chemical bonds.
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๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์•ก์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
The wafer is doused in another chemical to wash away that weakened photoresist,
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์›จ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์ ์…” ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์•ก์„ ์”ป์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด
01:55
leaving an image of the mask.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
And an etching machineโ€™s reactive gases remove the exposed oxide,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๊ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ
02:02
creating windows that drill the maskโ€™s pattern down to the wafer surface.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์›จ์ดํผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
An implanter then accelerates boron or phosphorus ions
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ ์ด์˜จ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•ด์„œ
02:11
and slams them into the patterned openings.
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ƒˆ๊ธด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
These atoms form electropositive or electronegative regions
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์ด๋“ค ์›์ž๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์˜ ์ „๋„๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”
02:18
that change siliconโ€™s conductivity,
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์–‘์ „๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์ „๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
02:20
creating the foundation of the transistor switch.
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ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
The etched oxide windows, however, create hill-and-valley features.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹๊ฐ๋œ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ฐฝ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์šธํ‰๋ถˆํ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Before the next level of copper lines are added,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์„ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:30
this oneโ€™s uneven lines must be polished flat,
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์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฉด์„ ์›์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
to near-atomic precision, using a sophisticated grinding process
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์ด๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์—ฐ๋งˆ,
02:37
called chemical mechanical polishing, or CMP.
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์ฆ‰, CMP๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๋งˆ ๊ณต์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
CMP uses a controlled slurry of sub-micron ceramic particles
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CMP๋Š”ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1๋ฏธํฌ๋ก  ์ดํ•˜์ธ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
02:45
to gently scrape and flatten the bumpy features.
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์šธํ‰๋ถˆํ‰ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋งค๋ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
These fab tools, and many others, are used hundreds of times on a wafer,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒน ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์›จ์ดํผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฒˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ
02:55
to create and link transistors into computing logic gates,
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ํŠธ๋žœ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:58
and to make connected neighborhoods for memory storage and computation.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ €์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Fabs run around the clock,
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ํŒน์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ
03:05
and it takes about three months to transform a single wafer from pure silicon
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์›จ์ดํผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ ์นฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
into hundreds of chips.
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03:11
With this continuous operation,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์† ์šด์˜์œผ๋กœ
03:12
fabs consume huge amounts of electricity, water, solvents, acids, bases,
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ํŒน์€ ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ฌผ, ์šฉ๋งค, ์‚ฐ, ์—ผ๊ธฐ,
๊ณต์ • ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ท€๊ธˆ์†์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
process gases, and precious metals.
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03:21
Wafers are processed in ultra-high purity tool chambers,
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์›จ์ดํผ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ˆœ๋„ ํˆด ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
03:25
maintained by pumps running constantly,
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ํŽŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:27
to sustain a vacuum that resembles deep space.
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์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ง„๊ณต์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
High-temperature furnaces never turn off.
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๊ณ ์˜จ ์šฉํ•ด๋กœ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊บผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Fab air handlers constantly expel filtered air
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ํŒน ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ณผ๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ
03:36
to corral dust and tiny particles away from wafers.
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์›จ์ดํผ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ง€์™€ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
This takes a lot of electricity.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
The chemicals and purified water used in cleaning
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์„ธ์ฒ™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ •์ œ์ˆ˜๋Š”
03:45
create nearly five gallons of waste per wafer runโ€”
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์›จ์ดํผ ์ œ์ž‘ 1ํšŒ๋‹น ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 5๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์”ฉ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
which needs to be filtered and pH treated.
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์ด ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์—ฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Meanwhile, CMP slurries are continually flushed with water
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ํ•œํŽธ CMP ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์„ ์„ ์ฐข๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:55
to keep their fine particles from forming chunks
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03:57
that would tear apart the fragile copper lines.
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ฒ™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
This adds five times more liquid waste.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ก์ฒด ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด 5๋ฐฐ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Fabs plow through vast amounts of nitrogen and helium gas to run their tools.
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ํŒน ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And other gases used and generated in these tools are greenhouse contributors.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋„ ์˜จ์‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
To minimize their emission,
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:13
machines called scrubbers decompose and dissolve some gaseous byproducts
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์Šคํฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
into treatable wastewater.
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04:20
That uses more electricity, and more water.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
04:23
As computing complexity grows,
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์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
04:25
more copper and precious metals are needed to link up chips.
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์นฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ท€๊ธˆ์†์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
And new problems arise:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
today, PFAS-based photoresists are essential to make ever-smaller features.
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๋ถˆํ™” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ(PFAS) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์•ก์€
๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
But PFAS waste in the environment is ending up in our bodies,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์˜ PFAS ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:38
and it may be harmful.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Computer chips are modern marvels that have transformed our worldโ€”
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์›€์ด๋ฉฐ,
04:43
and the factories that build them are themselves engineering wonders.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
But as our demand for chips accelerates,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:49
their fabrication is hitting hard sustainability limits.
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์นฉ ์ œ์กฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Already, some places are beginning to ration water to farmers,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒน ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
in favor of running fabs.
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04:58
For the sake of the future of computing and our environment,
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์ปดํ“จํŒ…๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:01
tomorrowโ€™s leaner, cleaner, and greener fabs
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ํŒน์€
05:04
will need to run even smarter than the very chips they build.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์นฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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