2 Hour English Test: How will you do?

1,993,962 views ใƒป 2020-04-17

Speak English With Vanessa


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Vanessa: Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.comใฎใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
Are you ready to test your English skills?
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่‹ฑ่ชžๅŠ›ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:06
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:08
Today, I have a new type of video for you.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:16
Over the last three years, I've created a lot of English tests on my YouTube channel.
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้ŽๅŽป3ๅนด้–“ใ€็งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:21
These tests are about vocabulary, grammar, phrasal verbs, listening, fluency, and a lot
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๆตๆšขใ•ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
00:27
of other topics.
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ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Today, I'm going to compile all of these tests together into one mega test.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ ใ‚’1ใคใฎใƒกใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซใพใจใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
I challenge you to try to do all of these English tests one time.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไธ€ๅบฆใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:39
I know that it's a lot of time to dedicate, but it's a good way to immerse yourself in
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ๅฐ‚ๅฟตใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€
00:43
English and to really challenge yourself to see, can I learn these concepts?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซๆฒก้ ญใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ่ฆ‹ใฆๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:48
Do I know these concepts?
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:49
I hope you learn a lot of great new things and also you review some things that you've
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ ใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:54
already learnt.
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ใ€‚
00:55
Vanessa: I know it's two and a half hours, but it's way more fun than taking a school
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš2ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ…ฅๅญฆ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใšใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™
00:59
entrance exam that's for the same amount of time.
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ใ€‚
01:02
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:03
Today, I'm going to test your listening skills.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Do you want to understand fast native speakers in movies and TV shows and in regular daily
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆ—ฅๅธธ
01:15
conversations?
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ไผš่ฉฑใงใฎ้€Ÿใ„ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:16
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅฃ้ ญ่‹ฑ่ชž
01:17
There are countless reductions and linking in spoken English, so the best way to study
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ใซใฏๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใจ ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•
01:22
this is to study real conversations, and that's what we're going to do.
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ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
You're going to hear five short conversations.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ใคใฎ็Ÿญใ„ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:28
For each conversation, you're going to see three words.
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ไผš่ฉฑใ”ใจใซใ€ 3ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
What I want you to do is I want you to listen carefully for which word is used in that conversation.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ใใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
Are you ready for the first conversation?
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:40
I want you to listen carefully for the word all right, although, or almost.
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€ใพใŸใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:46
Vanessa: Which word do you hear in the conversation?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:50
Let's listen.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
Dan: [Listen carefully!]
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
01:53
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
01:58
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
02:00
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
02:04
Vanessa: Which word did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:06
Although, all right, almost?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ๏ผŸ
02:09
I hope that you heard the word although.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Dan used the word although to contrast to something that he previously said.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:17
He said that, "We have our own phones.
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:20
We don't share a phone, but in the past we did share a phone."
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็งใŸใกใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ ใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:26
He said, "Although in the past we shared a phone."
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใซ็งใŸใกใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:30
He's showing that he's contrasting between something that's happening now and something
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ๅฝผ ใฏใ€็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใจใ‚’ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„
02:35
that used to happen before.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
Let's listen again to that quick conversation and we're going to listen to the key sentence.
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ใใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
I want you to listen for the word although.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:43
Dan: I have my own phone.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:46
We don't share these things, although for a time we did share a smartphone.
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ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ€ใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:50
I have my own phone.
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
We don't share these things, although for a time we did share a smartphone.
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ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ€ใ‚นใƒžใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใฏๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:56
Vanessa: Did you hear that keyword although?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:59
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
03:00
Let's move on to the second conversation, and I want you to listen for three keywords,
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎไผš่ฉฑใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:05
interested, eager, or involved.
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ใ€‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€็†ฑๅฟƒใชใ€ใพใŸใฏ้–ขไธŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹3ใคใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:09
Which one do you hear?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:10
Let's listen.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:11
Faith: [Listen carefully!]
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ไฟกไปฐ๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:18
[Listen carefully!]
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๏ผ] [ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:21
[Listen carefully!]
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๏ผ] [ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
03:27
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
03:29
Vanessa: Which word did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:31
Interested, eager, or involved?
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€็†ฑๅฟƒใชใ€ใพใŸใฏ้–ขไธŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:34
I hope you heard the word involved.
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้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
In this conversation, Faith said this keyword involved pretty quickly.
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ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:41
She explains that when she was younger, she was really shy, but her mom wanted to encourage
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใ ใฃใŸใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใฏ
03:46
her to participate in events, or we could say to get involved.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใธใฎ ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ‚’ๅ‹งใ‚ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:50
It means to participate in events.
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ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
I also used another word, optimum, that I talked about in a recent vocabulary quiz here
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ใพใŸใ€YouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใง่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€Œๆœ€้ฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ—ใŸ
03:58
on my YouTube channel.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ
03:59
You can watch it up here if you'd like to learn more about that word.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:02
Let's listen to the key sentence again and I want you to listen for the word involved.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚ญใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Faith: I was just really shy and timid, and it was hard for my mom because she wanted
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ไฟกไปฐ๏ผš็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใง่‡†็—…ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็งใ‚’็‰ฉไบ‹ใซๅทปใ่พผใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใง็งใฎๆฏใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅคงๅค‰ใงใ—ใŸ
04:14
to get me involved in things.
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ใ€‚
04:17
I was just really shy and timid, and it was hard for my mom because she wanted to get
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็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใง่‡†็—…ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็งใ‚’็‰ฉไบ‹ใซๅทปใ่พผใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใง็งใฎๆฏใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅคงๅค‰ใงใ—ใŸ
04:23
me involved in things.
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ใ€‚
04:25
Vanessa: Did you hear that word?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:27
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
04:28
Let's move on to conversation number three.
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ไผš่ฉฑ3ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:31
You're going to be listening for one of these three words, challenge, change, or child.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅญไพ›ใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
Which one is in the conversation?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒไผš่ฉฑไธญใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:41
Let's listen.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:42
Brad: [Listen carefully!]
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
04:50
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
04:53
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
05:01
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
05:04
Vanessa: Which word did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:05
Challenge, change, or child?
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ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅญไพ›๏ผŸ
05:07
I hope you heard the word change.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:11
In this conversation, Brad said that he loves to visit family occasionally.
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ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏ ๆ™‚ใ€…ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:15
Occasionally means maybe three times a year, not every day, because he enjoys seeing how
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ใŸใพใซใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใงใฏใชใใ€ๅนดใซ3ๅ›žใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฎถๆ—ใซไผšใ†ใŸใณใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:21
things are different each time when he sees his family.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒๅฎถๆ—
05:24
Things have changed each time when he sees his family.
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ใซไผšใ†ใŸใณใซ็Šถๆณใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
05:29
Let's listen to that clip one more time.
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ดใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:30
I want you to hear that keyword change.
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ใใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
05:32
We'll listen to that sentence.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:35
Brad: Well, I think visiting family is a wonderful thing and part of what makes it so wonderful
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ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่จชๅ•
05:43
is getting to see them change and grow every time you see them.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:47
Well, I think visiting family is a wonderful thing and part of what makes it so wonderful
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฎไธ€้ƒจใฏใ€ๅฎถๆ—
05:54
is getting to see them change and grow every time you see them.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Vanessa: Did you hear the word change?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:59
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
06:00
Let's go onto the fourth conversation.
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4็•ช็›ฎใฎไผš่ฉฑใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:02
We're going to be listening for one of these three words, teen, two, or 10.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€teenใ€2ใ€ใพใŸใฏ10
06:08
These are number related words, so listen carefully.
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ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใชใฎใงใ€ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
06:13
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:14
[Listen carefully!]
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๏ผ] [ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:16
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:19
Sarah: [Listen carefully!]
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ใ‚ตใƒฉ๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:20
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:25
Vanessa: [Listen carefully!]
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:27
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:28
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:32
Sarah: [Listen carefully!]
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ใ‚ตใƒฉ๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ ]
06:33
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
06:37
Vanessa: Which word did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:39
I hope you heard that Sarah has been a massage therapist, someone who gives massages, for
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ใ‚ตใƒฉใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ใ€ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒฉใƒ”ใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:45
how many years?
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ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:46
10 years.
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10ๅนดใ€‚
06:47
I hope you heard the word 10.
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10ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™
06:50
Listening for numbers is essential in conversation.
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ใ€‚ไผš่ฉฑใซใฏๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ
06:53
If you'd like to practice pronouncing some of the most difficult numbers, you can watch
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:57
this lesson, which is how to pronounce the top 33 most difficult words.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ไธŠไฝ33่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:03
Let's listen to that key sentence again and see if you can hear the word 10.
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ใใฎ้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่žใ„ใฆใ€10ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
07:09
How did you start this?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
07:10
Let's start at the very beginning.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:12
How did you get into massage therapy?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธ็™‚ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:15
Sarah: Okay.
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ใ‚ตใƒฉ๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:16
I became a massage therapist about 10 years ago.
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็งใฏ็ด„10ๅนดๅ‰ใซใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒฉใƒ”ใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
07:21
Vanessa: How did you start this?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:22
Let's start at the very beginning.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:24
How did you get into massage therapy?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธ็™‚ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:27
Sarah: Okay.
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ใ‚ตใƒฉ๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:28
I became a massage therapist about 10 years ago.
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็งใฏ็ด„10ๅนดๅ‰ใซใƒžใƒƒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒฉใƒ”ใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
07:32
Vanessa: Did you hear the word 10?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš10ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:34
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
07:36
Let's move on to the fifth and final listening quiz question, which I think is the most tricky.
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5็•ช็›ฎใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
Listen carefully for the word especially, specifically or special.
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็‰นใซใ€็‰นใซใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:48
Let's listen.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:49
Anna: [Listen carefully!]
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠ๏ผš[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
07:52
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
07:57
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
08:00
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
08:03
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
08:08
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
08:11
Vanessa: Which word did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:13
Did you hear the word especially?
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็‰นใซใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:17
This is technically the correct word, but in this conversation, Anna uses a common spoken
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใฏ็‰นใซๅ˜่ชžใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฃ้ ญ่จ€่ชžใฎ
08:22
reduction for the word especially.
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
She cuts off the E at the beginning and she says 'specially.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซEใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Š่ฝใจใ—ใ€ ็‰นใซใ€Œใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:28
'Specially.
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'็‰นใซใ€‚
08:30
This is pretty common.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:31
It might be a little bit tricky to hear the first time around.
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่žใใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
08:33
We'll listen to it again in just a moment so that you can hear it.
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ใ™ใใซ่ดใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใพใŸ ่ดใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
Listen for especially.
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็‰นใซ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:38
In this conversation, Anna mentions that it's expensive to own a horse, so sometimes multiple
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ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใฏ้ฆฌใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ฒป็”จใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ
08:43
people will buy one horse and they'll share the expenses.
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ไบบใŒ1้ ญใฎ้ฆฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ— ใ€ใใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆ‹…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
Let's listen to this key sentence again and listen for the word especially that has been
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ใ“ใฎ้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่žใ„ใฆใ€็‰นใซ 'ใซ็ธฎๅฐใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:52
reduced to 'specially.
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ใ€‚
08:55
Anna: My mom co-owned a horse for a little while.
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠ๏ผš็งใฎๆฏใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“้ฆฌใ‚’ๅ…ฑๅŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚
08:58
A lot of people go in on one together so that you don't have to pay all of the expenses,
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€
09:04
especially with any vet calls that might happen.
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็‰นใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ฃๅŒปใฎๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:07
My mom co-owned a horse for a little while.
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็งใฎๆฏใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“้ฆฌใ‚’ๅ…ฑๅŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:09
A lot of people go in on one together so that you don't have to pay all of the expenses,
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€
09:14
especially with any vet calls that might happen.
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็‰นใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ฃๅŒปใฎๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:16
Vanessa: Did you hear the word especially or 'specially?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็‰นใซ่žใ„ใŸใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ '็‰นๅˆฅใซ่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:21
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
09:22
Let me know in the comments, what was your score?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:23
Did you get all five of these right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ5ใคใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:25
Or maybe you got none of them right?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:27
Feel free to repeat this lesson as much as you need.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:31
Today, I want to test you on 15 advanced English vocabulary words that you'll definitely hear
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใง้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹15ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
09:39
in daily conversation.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ
09:41
Not words like convivial that you'll never hear Americans actually say.
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ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใชใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†้™ฝๆฐ—ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:45
These are words that you're going to hear in conversation, in movies, in TV shows, and
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ไผš่ฉฑใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใง่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใง
09:49
you are welcome to integrate them and add them to your own personal vocabulary.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตฑๅˆใ— ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญ“่ฟŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
I challenge you to test yourself.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:57
Try to guess the correct answer to each sentence.
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ๅ„ๆ–‡ใฎๆญฃ่งฃใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:00
If you don't get the answer correct, no worries.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ„ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:03
Vanessa: That means that you're ready to add a new word to your vocabulary.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:07
You can write it down, make your own sentence with it, read your sentence out loud, and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ชญใฟใ€ใใ—ใฆ
10:11
enjoy yourself because adding to your vocabulary can be fu, and also it's super useful.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏfuใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:17
Let's start with the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:19
I'm going to read you a sentence, and there are going to be two options for you to fill
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฉบๆฌ„ใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ2ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:23
in the blank.
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ใ€‚
10:24
I'll give you three seconds, and you can try to guess what the correct answer is before
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ3็ง’ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ง ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๆญฃ่งฃใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
10:28
I explain it.
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ใ€‚
10:29
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:30
Sentence number one is, I need to practice English because we have to _ with the American
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ไธ€็•ชใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๆ”ฏ้ƒจใจไธ€็ท’ใซ_ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:37
branch next week.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
Is the word collaborate or is the word decide?
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ณใƒฉใƒœใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:43
We have to collaborate with the American branch.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๆ”ฏ้ƒจใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:47
We have to decide with the American branch.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๆ”ฏ้ƒจใงๆฑบใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:50
Which word is the best fit for this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใŸๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:52
Vanessa: I'll give you three seconds.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:54
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
10:57
The correct answer is collaborate.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ‚ณใƒฉใƒœใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:00
If you got this correct, congratulations.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:01
If not, I want to let you know that the word collaborate means work together.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒฉใƒœใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ๅ…ฑๅŒไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
You often use this in project situations.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:09
I have to collaborate with my classmates.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
We have to work together on a project, or I have to collaborate with the marketing department
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็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ ็งใฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ้ƒจ้–€
11:17
or the American branch.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ”ฏๅบ—ใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:18
We're working on a project together.
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็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:20
We have to collaborate.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:21
This is a beautiful advance word.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ไบ‹ๅ‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:23
Of course, you can simply say work together.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ˜ใซไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:27
Great.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
11:28
No problem.
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ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใ€‚
11:29
But this video is all about advanced English expressions that are commonly used.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชž่กจ็พใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:33
You can say, "I have to collaborate with the American branch."
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๆ”ฏ้ƒจใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:37
Let's go on to sentence number two.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:39
The second sentence is, what do you think is the _ time to go to bed?
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€_ๅฏใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:44
Vanessa: What do you think is the original time to go to bed?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฏใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:47
What do you think is the optimum time to go to bed?
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:51
I'll give you three seconds.
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:55
What do you think is the optimum time to go to bed?
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:00
The word optimum is just an advanced, beautiful way to say best.
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ๆœ€้ฉใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใง็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:04
What do you think is the best time to go to bed?
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:07
Here in this picture you can see...
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ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
12:08
This is not sponsored by this company.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅพŒๆดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:10
I just found this picture online, but this company has decided to use the word optimum
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ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ ไผš็คพใฏ่‡ช็คพใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—
12:15
to describe their product.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:17
When you take their product, you will get the best sleep.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ็ก็œ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:21
You will get the optimum sleep.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€้ฉใช็ก็œ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:23
I hope that you can use this as an advanced way to say best.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:26
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:28
Sentence number three.
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท3ใ€‚
12:29
When he told me about his experience growing up during the war, I realized how _ kids are.
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ๅฝผใŒๆˆฆไบ‰ไธญใซ่‚ฒใฃใŸๅฝผใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏ_ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ„ใ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:37
Vanessa: I realized how resistant kids are.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใฉใ‚ŒใปใฉๆŠตๆŠ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:40
I realized how resilient kids are.
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅ›žๅพฉๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:43
Both of these words sound similar, so make sure that you choose the correct what I'll
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€3็ง’้–“ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
12:48
give you three seconds.
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ใ€‚
12:49
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
12:52
I realized how resilient kids are.
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅ›žๅพฉๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:56
This is a beautiful word.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:58
There's a lovely Z sound in there, resilient.
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ใใ“ใซใฏๅผพๅŠ›ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ด ๆ•ตใชZใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
Resilient.
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ๅผพๅŠ›ๆ€งใ€‚
13:03
this means that you're able to survive even though you have difficult circumstances.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็ŠถๆณใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:08
You're able to keep going and kids are the perfect example of this.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฎ ๅฎŒ็’งใชไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Even though a lot of kids grow up in a difficult situation, they survive.
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ๅคšใใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใง่‚ฒใกใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
They are resilient.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅผพๅŠ›ๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
They can adapt to those situations.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใซ้ฉๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:21
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:22
Let's go on to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ฉฑใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:23
Sentence number four.
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท4ใ€‚
13:25
It made me really annoyed when my dad _ at my idea to interview the president.
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ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ ใŒ็คพ้•ทใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใซใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:31
Vanessa: It made me really annoyed when my dad scoffed at my idea to interview the president,
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ็ˆถใŒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใŒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’้จ™ใ—ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
13:39
or when he scammed at my idea to interview the president.
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ใ€‚
13:44
Which one is the best word for this situation?
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๆœ€้ฉใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:47
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
13:49
It made me really annoyed when my dad scoffed at my idea to interview the president.
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็ˆถใŒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‹›็ซ‹ใŸใ›ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
13:57
The word scuff is another excellent word, and you can see by my facial expression that
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ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ•ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
14:02
the word scoff means you're laughing, you're making fun of, and it's often accompanied
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ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ•ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
14:09
by this kind of puff of air.
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ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎๅนใ่พผใฟใ‚’ไผดใ†ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:12
If you are scoffing at someone else, you're kind of laughing or you think their idea is
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ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
14:17
a little stupid or silly, you're going to make that same sound.
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ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:21
You think you could interview the president?
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:25
That is scoffing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:27
When you hear someone scoffing, now you know they are indeed scoffing.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใจใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ˜ฒ็ฌ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:31
Vanessa: Let's go to the next one.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:32
The fifth sentence is, In _ I should have bought stock in Google.
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5็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€In_็งใฏ Googleใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:39
In _ I should have bought stock in Google.
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_ใง็งใฏใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:42
Is it in retrospect, I should have bought stock in Google, or in honesty, I should have
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ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใฃใฆ
14:49
bought stock in Google?
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ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
14:51
Which one feels the most right to you?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:53
I'll give you three seconds.
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
14:58
In retrospect, I should have bought stock in Google.
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ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใฏใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
15:03
This word retrospect is actually a word that we studied in The Fearless Fluency Club a
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚Šใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏๆ•ฐใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซThe Fearless FluencyClubใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
15:09
couple months ago.
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ใ€‚
15:11
The first part of this word is retro.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใƒฌใƒˆใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚
15:14
Retro means in the past and spect means looking.
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ใƒฌใƒˆใƒญใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:19
We can imagine we're looking in the past, but there is a slight little nuance about
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้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
15:24
this word.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:25
Vanessa: It means we're thinking about the past, but it means that we realized in the
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซ็งใŸใกใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
15:30
past we made a bad decision.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:32
But in the past I didn't know it was a bad decision, but now I realize in retrospect,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๆฑบๆ–ญใ ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปŠๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€
15:37
I should have bought stock in Google.
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Googleใงๆ ชใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:39
I would be really rich right now, but, you know, I didn't do it and probably you didn't
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็งใฏไปŠๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡‘ๆŒใกใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
15:44
either.
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ใ€‚
15:45
In retrospect, we can learn a lot.
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ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅคšใใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:47
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:49
Number six.
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6็•ช็›ฎใ€‚
15:50
I asked her to help me move next weekend, but her answer was kind of _.
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็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๆฌกใฎ้€ฑๆœซใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ™ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใ‚“ ใ ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ_ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:56
She just said, "I don't know, maybe.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŸใ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
15:59
We'll see."
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:01
Was her answer inundated?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฐพๆฟซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
16:03
Was her answer ambiguous?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
16:06
Which is the best word for this situation?
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๆœ€้ฉใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:08
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
16:11
Her answer was ambiguous.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏๆ›–ๆ˜งใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:14
This means that it's not certain.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:16
I don't actually know what her answer is.
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:19
It's not clear at all.
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ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:20
Vanessa: You can see in this cool image here that it is a little bit ambiguous.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใช็”ปๅƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:26
Do you see a rabbit or do you see a duck?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ตใ‚ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:31
It's ambiguous.
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ใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:33
It's not certain.
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็ขบใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:34
It's a beautiful word.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:35
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:36
Sentence number seven.
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท7ใ€‚
16:38
Speaking only one language _ me from getting a promotion.
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1ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™_็งใฏๆ˜‡้€ฒใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€‚
16:43
Speaking only one language hinders me from getting a promotion, or speaking only one
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1ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใ ใ‘ใ‚’ ่ฉฑใ™ใจๆ˜‡้€ฒใŒๅฆจใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€1ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจๆ˜‡้€ฒใŒ
16:49
language diverts me from getting a promotion.
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ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:52
What's the best word for this situation?
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๆœ€้ฉใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:54
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
16:58
Speaking only one language hinders me from getting a promotion and that's why I'm here
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1ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใ—ใ‹่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใจๆ˜‡้€ฒใŒๅฆจใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ
17:03
with Speak English with Vanessa to improve my English and get a promotion.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใฆๆ˜‡้€ฒใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:07
I hope it works for you.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:09
Here, this word hinders means stops or prevents.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅœๆญขใพใŸใฏ้˜ฒๆญขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:12
Vanessa: When you speak only one language, maybe that is preventing you from getting
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใŒ1ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใ—ใ‹่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š
17:18
a better job, or it's preventing or hindering you from getting a promotion.
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่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฆจใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:23
This word hinder is a beautiful way to color your vocabulary and sound like an advanced
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅฆจใ’ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็€่‰ฒใ—ใ€ไธŠ็ดšใฎ
17:28
English speaker.
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่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:29
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:30
Sentence number eight.
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท8ใ€‚
17:31
My ancestors came to the U.S. and tried to _ into the general American culture.
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็งใฎๅ…ˆ็ฅ–ใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซๆฅใฆ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซ_ๅ…ฅใ‚Š่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:36
They tried to asinine into the culture.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๅฟใณๅฏ„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:39
The tried to assimilate into the culture.
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ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๅŒๅŒ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:43
Which word is the best?
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ใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒไธ€็•ชใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:44
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
17:46
My ancestors came to the U.S. and they tried to assimilate to the general American culture.
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็งใฎๅ…ˆ็ฅ–ใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซๆฅใฆใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๆบถใ‘่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:54
This means they tried to fit in.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้ฉๅˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:57
They tried to be similar to the general American culture.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซไผผใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
18:01
Vanessa: This is something that was quite common, especially in the early 1900s.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€็‰นใซ1900ๅนดไปฃๅˆ้ ญใซใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็ฅ–
18:07
People who came to the U.S. from Italy, like my ancestors, or Poland or Ireland or from
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใƒใƒผใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
18:14
other countries as well, they tried to fit in or lose their native culture and tried
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ไป–ใฎๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซๆฅใŸไบบใ€… ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆฏๅ›ฝใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๆบถใ‘่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚ŠๅคฑใฃใŸใ‚Š
18:20
to assimilate into the general American culture, which is why American culture nowadays is
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ใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๆบถใ‘่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
18:27
quite diverse because no one can actually perfectly assimilate.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅŒๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซๅคšๆง˜ ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:31
We all keep little bits of our own culture inside of us, but this is the best word to
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€็งใŸใกใฎไธญใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใช่จ€่‘‰
18:35
describe this.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:36
They tried to assimilate into the general American culture.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใซๅŒๅŒ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
18:40
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:42
Number nine.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒŠใ‚คใƒณใ€‚
18:43
When the teenager hit my car in the parking lot, I couldn't believe how _ he was.
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10ไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใŒ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใง็งใฎ่ปŠใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใŒใ„ใ‹ใซใ ใฃใŸใ‹ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:49
I couldn't believe how nonchalant he was.
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ๅฝผใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:52
Vanessa: I couldn't believe how immune he was.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅ…็–ซๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:54
What is the best word for this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:58
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
19:01
When the teenager hit my car, I couldn't believe how nonchalant he was.
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10ไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใŒ็งใฎ่ปŠใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ๅฝผใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ„ใ‹ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
This means not caring, cool.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:11
It doesn't bother him.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๆ‚ฉใพใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:12
Oh, I hit your car.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:13
It's not a big deal.
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ใŸใ„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
19:14
It's, Oh, it's all right.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
19:15
Don't worry about it.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:17
Nonchalant.
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ใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ„ใ€‚
19:18
I was quite surprised when the teenager hit my car and he didn't care.
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10ไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…ใŒ ็งใฎ่ปŠใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ฉšใ„ใŸใ€‚
19:22
He was just nonchalant.
349
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ๅฝผใฏใŸใ ใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:23
It's all right.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
19:24
Let's just go hang out on the beach.
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ใŸใ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใซ้Šใณใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:28
Not exactly.
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ใงใฏใชใ„ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ€‚
19:29
That's not exactly how you respond in that situation.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
19:32
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:33
Sentence number 10.
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท10ใ€‚
19:35
Last week, I was really busy and didn't get much sleep, but last night I slept for nine
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š็œ ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใŒใ€ๆ˜จๅคœใฏ9ๆ™‚้–“ๅฏใพใ—ใŸ
19:40
glorious hours.
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ใ€‚
19:41
This morning I feel _.
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ไปŠๆœใฏ_ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:45
This morning I feel rejuvenated.
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ไปŠๆœใฏ่‹ฅ่ฟ”ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:48
This morning I feel modified.
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ไปŠๆœใ€็งใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:50
Vanessa: What's the best word in this situation?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:53
I feel, three, two, one, rejuvenated.
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็งใฏใ€3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€่‹ฅ่ฟ”ใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:57
Here, we're talking about alive, with energy.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:02
I feel like before I was tired and now all of a sudden I have more energy.
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็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไปŠใฏ็ช็„ถๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:08
I feel rejuvenated.
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่‹ฅ่ฟ”ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:09
What about for you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:10
What makes you feel rejuvenated?
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ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่‹ฅ่ฟ”ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:13
Is it when you have a good chat with a friend, or you go for a walk in the woods, or you
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ๅ‹้”ใจใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใ‚’ใ— ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆฃฎใฎไธญใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—
20:17
get a good night's sleep?
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใฃใ™ใ‚Š็œ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:18
What makes you feel rejuvenated?
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ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่‹ฅ่ฟ”ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:21
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:22
Number 11.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ
20:23
When he made a remark about her weight, he was _ to the fact that she felt embarrassed.
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11ใ€‚ๅฝผใŒๅฝผๅฅณใฎไฝ“้‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ็™บ่จ€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผ ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซ_ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:31
He was obvious to the fact that she felt embarrassed, or he was oblivious to the fact that she felt
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ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๆ˜Ž็™ฝใงใ‚ใฃใŸ ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
20:39
embarrassed.
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ใ€‚
20:40
Vanessa: There is a slight difference between these two words in their spelling, so make
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
20:44
sure that you choose the word correctly, especially if you're writing it down.
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ใ€็‰นใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:49
Don't mess up.
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ๆททไนฑใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:50
I'll give you three, two, one seconds.
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3ใ€2ใ€1็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:53
The correct answer is, he was oblivious to the fact that she felt embarrassed.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅฝผใฏๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
20:59
This means that he had no clue.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:01
He wasn't paying attention at all.
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ๅฝผใฏใพใฃใŸใๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:03
You can see in this fun image, this perfectly describes oblivious.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎๆฅฝใ—ใ„็”ปๅƒใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ ๅฟ˜ๅดใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
He's looking at his phone, he's telling someone, "I'll see you later.
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ ใ€ŒๅพŒใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:10
Take care," and then he's about to step in a giant hole.
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ใ€‚ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผ ใฏๅทจๅคงใช็ฉดใซ่ถณใ‚’่ธใฟๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:13
He is oblivious.
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ๅฝผใฏๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚
21:14
He's not paying attention.
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ๅฝผใฏๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:16
This is a beautiful word to talk about someone who just has no idea.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซ็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:19
They're just oblivious.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:21
They're not knowing what's going on.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:23
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:24
Vanessa: Number 12.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš12็•ชใ€‚
21:26
One of the worst types of bullying is to _ someone from the group.
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ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใฎๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ1ใคใฏ ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซ_ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:31
Is to fund someone from the group.
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ณ‡้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:34
Is to ostracize someone from the group.
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๆ”พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:38
Which one of these words is the best?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:39
I'll give you three, two, one.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ3ใ€2ใ€1ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:42
The correct answer is, one of the worst types of bullying is to ostracize someone from the
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใฎๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ1ใคใฏ ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๆ”พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
21:50
group.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:51
This means that you push them away.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฎใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:52
You ignore them.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:54
You don't let them be your friend, be part of the group.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใซใ•ใ›ใชใ„ ใงใ€ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:57
This is something that is really harsh, especially for teenagers because they really want to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซ10ไปฃใฎ่‹ฅ่€…
22:02
have friends and fit in.
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ใฏใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒใงใใฆไฝ“ใซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
22:03
This is pretty tough.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:05
If you were ostracized as a kid or as a teenager, I'm sorry.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใพใŸใฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใ‚จใ‚คใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใจใ—ใฆ่ฟฝๆ”พใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:09
It's really a difficult situation.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
22:12
Number 13.
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็•ชๅท13ใ€‚
22:13
I was going to rest inside today, but after I saw the sunny weather, I decided to go for
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธญใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ๆ™ดๅคฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅพŒใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—
22:18
a hike _ of the moment.
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ใŸใ€‚
22:20
Vanessa: What is that word there?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:22
Spur of the moment or top of the moment?
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็žฌ้–“ใฎๆ‹่ปŠใพใŸใฏ็žฌ้–“ใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—๏ผŸ
22:25
Which one of those words fits the best?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:28
I'll give you three seconds, two seconds, one second.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ3็ง’ใ€2็ง’ใ€1็ง’ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:30
The answer is, I decided to go for a hike spur of the moment.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€็งใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
22:36
If you are in The Fearless Fluency Club this month, you know that we have talked about
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ไปŠๆœˆTheFearless Fluency Clubใซๅ‚ๅŠ  ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
22:40
this word, spur of the moment.
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ใ€‚
22:42
It means spontaneously.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:44
I didn't plan it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:45
I was in fact planning to rest, but instead I saw the weather and thought, "Hey, I'll
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ๅฎŸใฏไผ‘ใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€Œ
22:49
just go outside and go for a hike.
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ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใ
22:51
I did it spur of the moment.
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ใ ใ‘ใ€‚ไธ€็žฌใง
22:53
I did it spontaneously."
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
22:55
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:56
Number 15.
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็•ชๅท15ใ€‚
22:57
Looking at your phone too much can hurt your eyes, but if you _ your body will hurt as
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ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€_ใ™ใ‚‹ใจไฝ“ใ‚‚ๅ‚ทใคใ
23:03
well.
427
1383179
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:04
Vanessa: If you sling, your body will hurt as well.
428
1384179
4350
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚นใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจไฝ“ใ‚‚ ็—›ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:08
If you slouch, your body will hurt as well.
429
1388529
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ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใจไฝ“ใ‚‚็—›ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:12
Which one of these two words?
430
1392299
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:13
Will you choose?
431
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1080
้ธใณใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:14
Three, two, one.
432
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1940
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
23:16
The answer is, looking at your phone too much can hurt your eyes, but if you slouch, your
433
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ ็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใจ
23:25
body will hurt as well.
434
1405309
2220
ไฝ“ใ‚‚ๅ‚ทใคใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:27
This action of not sitting up straight, but slouching is a common vocabulary word these
435
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ใพใฃใ™ใใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
23:34
days because a lot of people are starting to feel concerned about your posture while
436
1414559
4791
ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅงฟๅ‹ขใซไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ชžๅฝ™
23:39
you're looking at your phone.
437
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:40
Especially young people are looking at their phones a lot during their body's formative,
438
1420850
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็‰นใซ่‹ฅใ„ไบบใŸใกใฏ ใ€ไฝ“ใฎๅฝขๆˆไธญใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
23:45
so slouching can cause a lot of problems later in life.
439
1425779
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ใฎใงใ€ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใจๅพŒใฎไบบ็”Ÿใงๅคšใใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:49
A lot of parents say, "Don't slouch.
440
1429889
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ๅคšใใฎ่ฆชใŒใ€Œใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใชใ€‚
23:51
Don't slouch.
441
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ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใชใ€‚
23:52
Sit up," or a teacher say that, "Hey, don't slouch.
442
1432470
3079
ๅบงใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œใญใˆใ€ ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚€ใช
23:55
Sit up."
443
1435549
1000
ใ€‚ๅบงใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
23:56
Look at your posture right now.
444
1436549
1340
ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅงฟๅ‹ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:57
Are you slouching or are you sitting up?
445
1437889
3380
ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:01
Vanessa: You can take a moment to correct your posture and don't slouch.
446
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅงฟๅ‹ขใ‚’ๆญฃใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:04
Let's go to the next one.
447
1444840
1089
ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:05
Sentence number 15.
448
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ๆ–‡็•ชๅท15ใ€‚
24:07
This is the last one.
449
1447570
1589
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚
24:09
You got this.
450
1449159
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:10
The sentence is, someone said it's going to snow tomorrow.
451
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้›ชใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:13
I know it's only October, but I guess it's _.
452
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10ๆœˆใ ใ‘ใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€_ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:19
But I guess it's plausible.
453
1459259
2400
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:21
But I guess it's passable.
454
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2411
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็„ก้›ฃใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:24
Which one of these two words is the best?
455
1464070
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ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:26
Three, two, one.
456
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2880
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
24:28
Well, someone said it's going to snow tomorrow.
457
1468970
2569
ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้›ชใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:31
It's only October, but I guess it's plausible.
458
1471539
4031
10ๆœˆใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:35
Plausible.
459
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
24:37
Don't forget that L sound there.
460
1477259
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ใใ“ใซL้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:39
Plausible.
461
1479690
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
24:40
This means that it's possible, but not likely.
462
1480690
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:44
You can see here in this fun image that I found, I was doing a search for the word plausible
463
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4760
็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ“ใฎๆฅฝใ—ใ„็”ปๅƒใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็”ปๅƒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
24:49
because I wanted to show an image to you, and this image is perfect for the word plausible.
464
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ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ็”ปๅƒใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
24:54
They're showing how the dinosaurs disappeared.
465
1494749
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ็ซœใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆถˆใˆใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:57
Vanessa: Maybe in the science world there's some controversy about how dinosaurs disappeared.
466
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ๆ็ซœใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅงฟใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใฎไธ–็•Œใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ซ–ไบ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:02
I don't really know.
467
1502620
1000
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:03
I haven't really researched it that much, but here is a plausible, it's possible, but
468
1503620
5840
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€
25:09
not likely situation.
469
1509460
2110
ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
25:11
We have the animals on the ark.
470
1511570
2690
็ฎฑ่ˆŸใซๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:14
This is kind of a Christian idea of the animals getting saved in the flood and they are shooting
471
1514260
6899
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉ ใŒๆดชๆฐดใงๆ•‘ใ‚ใ‚Œ
25:21
and killing the dinosaurs.
472
1521159
2080
ใ€ๆ็ซœใ‚’ๆ’ƒใกๆฎบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ญใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๆ•™ใฎ่€ƒใˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
25:23
Do you think this happened?
473
1523239
2491
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:25
Very unlikely, but there's no way to prove it, so it is plausible.
474
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5279
ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใชใ„ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:31
That is a fun way to use the word plausible.
475
1531009
4380
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:35
If someone tells you something that's pretty unbelievable, but it's maybe possible, you
476
1535389
7061
่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸ ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
25:42
could say, "Well, it's plausible.
477
1542450
1880
ใฏใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
25:44
Okay.
478
1544330
1050
ใใ†ใ ใ€‚
25:45
It's not likely, but it's plausible."
479
1545380
2860
ใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
25:48
Now, I have a challenge for you.
480
1548240
2179
ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:50
We've talked about 15 excellent advanced English vocabulary words.
481
1550419
4260
็งใŸใกใฏ15ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
25:54
Vanessa: I want you to choose one or more if you'd like and try to make your own sentence
482
1554679
4720
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ1ใคไปฅไธŠใ‚’้ธๆŠž
25:59
in the comments with this word.
483
1559399
5291
ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:04
I have a secret to tell you.
484
1564690
2020
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†็ง˜ๅฏ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:06
Before I became an English teacher, I had never heard the expression phrasal verb.
485
1566710
5110
็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฏใ€ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:11
I can bet you $50 that if you went on the street and you asked anyone in the U.S. what's
486
1571820
6070
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ้€šใ‚Šใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซ
26:17
a phrasal verb, I bet that they wouldn't know.
487
1577890
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ50ใƒ‰ใƒซ่ณญใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:21
I tell you this because sometimes when you try to focus on concepts and put them into
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆ
26:26
little categories like phrasal verbs, flap T, past perfect, present perfect, it can feel
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ใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ— Tใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใชใฉ
26:32
really stressful and make you feel a little more stressed about English than you need
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ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅˆ†้กžใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:35
to.
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ใซใ€‚
26:36
Of course, it's great to have tools in your metaphorical toolbox to know what those concepts
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
26:42
are, but don't let them stress you out.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:44
Vanessa: When I was living in Paris, my French teacher was the most amazing teacher that
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ
26:48
I've ever had, and I always try to be like him.
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็งใŒไปŠใพใงใซๅ—ใ‘ใŸไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฝผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
26:51
Let me give you an example about what he would do.
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ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
26:54
Every English speaker has a fear of the subjunctive tense in French.
497
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:57
For some reason, because we don't really use it that often in English, it is just really
498
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„
27:01
stressful to learn this in French.
499
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ใฎใงใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใงๅญฆใถใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใŸใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:03
My teacher had a unique way to help us learn this without stress.
500
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็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใชใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
27:08
I really remember at the end of that lesson I felt like, "Oh, it's not that bad.
501
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ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ๆŽฅ็ถš
27:12
Why did I think that the subjunctive tense was that bad?"
502
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ๆณ•ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๆ‚ชใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏใชใœ ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใฎใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:15
This is what he did.
503
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
27:16
He went around the room and he asked each student a question.
504
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ๅฝผใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎไธญใ‚’ๆญฉใๅ›žใ‚Šใ€ๅ„ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:20
We knew that we needed to answer that question using the subjunctive tense.
505
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ๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
27:24
Vanessa: He didn't give us the rule, you need to use it for desire, will, or wanting these
506
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๆฌฒๆœ›ใ€ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
27:29
types of things.
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ใ€‚
27:30
He just said, "Your answer needs to be in the subjunctive tense.
508
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ๅฝผใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆ ใฏๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
27:33
Here's my question."
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ใŒ็งใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:34
He asked me, "What do you need to do today?"
510
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:38
I said [French 00:27:39] blah, blah, blah.
511
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็งใฏ[ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชž00:27:39]ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
27:41
This is using the subjunctive tense in French.
512
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:43
I didn't know the exact rule behind this yet, but in real life, when someone asked me, "What
513
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ใ“ใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆญฃ็ขบใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใพใ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ
27:50
do you need to do today," I knew I need to use the subjunctive because I already had
514
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใฎ็พๅฎŸใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ•™ๅฎคใง
27:56
this real life situation where I used it in the classroom.
515
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚
28:00
I hope that today's lesson will be similar.
516
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
28:02
I hope that you'll be able to use these phrasal verbs intuitively before I teach you a rule
517
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
28:08
about it.
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ใ€‚
28:09
Vanessa: What I'm going to do is I'm going to show you nine pairs of sentences and I
519
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ 9็ต„ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
28:14
want you to guess should you use the phrasal verb or should you use the simple verb?
520
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ๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
28:19
Let's take a look at a quick example.
521
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:20
Here we have two verbs, try and try out.
522
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ใ“ใ“ใซ2ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:25
Try out is the phrasal verb and try is the simple verb.
523
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่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
28:29
Here are two sentences.
524
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ใ“ใ“ใซ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:31
I need to _ the cake before I buy it.
525
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ_ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:36
I need to _ the program before I buy it.
526
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’_ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:40
The only difference here is the cake or the program.
527
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใพใŸใฏ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:44
Which one is best with just try, the simple verb try, and which one's best with the phrasal
528
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่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆœ€้ฉใชใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช
28:50
verb, try out?
529
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1641
ๅ‹•่ฉžใง่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงๆœ€้ฉใชใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
28:52
Think about it for a moment.
530
1732640
2019
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:54
Did you say, "I need to try the cake before I buy it and I need to try out the program
531
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญ ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ๅ‰ใซ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
29:03
before I buy it?"
532
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ใ€ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
29:04
Vanessa: ... and I need to try out the program before I buy it.
533
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš...ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:05
If you said this, you are correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“
29:06
Did you know that we use "try out" to test some kind of program or experience?
535
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ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
29:12
Maybe you didn't know that specific rule, but "try out" just intuitively felt right
536
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ€Œ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€
29:17
with the word program.
537
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ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใง็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:18
That's what I want you to do, I want you to look inside your heart and guess the best
538
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
29:23
answer for these next pairs of sentences.
539
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎใƒšใ‚ขใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
29:25
Afterwards, I'll tell you a quick rule about it, but hopefully in the future you'll be
540
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏ
29:29
able to use these naturally.
541
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่‡ช็„ถใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:31
All right, let's go on to our first pair of sentences.
542
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฎใƒšใ‚ขใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
29:34
Vanessa: Pair number one: "brings or brings up."
543
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒšใ‚ขใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณ๏ผšใ€Œ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ‹ ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ€
29:39
Vanessa: "He always ... his wife in conversation."
544
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚...ไผš่ฉฑไธญใฎๅฝผใฎๅฆปใ€‚ใ€
29:44
Vanessa: "He always ... some wine to my house."
545
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5829
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚...็งใฎๅฎถใซใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
29:50
Vanessa: The main difference here is the end of the sentence, of course, so take a look
546
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธปใช้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹
29:54
at this and feel in your heart which one is the most correct for each of these sentences.
547
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ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฟƒใฎไธญใงๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:59
Did you say, "He always brings up his wife in conversation.
548
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฆป ใ‚’ไผš่ฉฑใง่‚ฒใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
30:05
He always brings some wine to my house"?
549
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ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใฎๅฎถใซใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
30:09
I hope so.
550
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
30:10
That's the correct answer.
551
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1169
ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
30:11
We use the phrasal verb to "bring up" something to talk about entering a topic into a conversation.
552
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใฆใ€ไผš่ฉฑใซใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ่‚ฒใฆใ€ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:19
That means that this man often talks about his wife in conversation, hopefully because
553
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทๆ€ง ใฏๅฆปใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ไผš่ฉฑใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€
30:23
he loves her so much, so he brings up his wife in conversation.
554
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ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๅฆปใ‚’ไผš่ฉฑใง่‚ฒใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
30:27
Or you could bring up politics in conversation.
555
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงๆ”ฟๆฒปใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:30
You are bringing up a topic in a conversation.
556
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:33
And of course, we use the word "bring" to physically give something to someone else.
557
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
30:38
"He brings a bottle of wine to my house."
558
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅฎถใซใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
30:41
Vanessa: Pair number two: "fill or fill out."
559
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4261
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒšใ‚ข็•ชๅท2๏ผšใ€Œ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใพใŸใฏ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ€ใ€‚
30:46
Vanessa: "You should ... your mind with facts."
560
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใ‚’ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงโ€ฆใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
30:50
Vanessa: "You should ... the form with facts."
561
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝขใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
30:55
Vanessa: The only difference is your mind and the form.
562
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒ ใจๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
31:02
Think about this for a moment.
563
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:04
I'll give you three seconds.
564
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:05
Three, two, one.
565
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
31:08
"You should fill your mind with facts.
566
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใ‚’ๆบ€ใŸใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
31:14
You should fill out the form with facts."
567
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
31:19
Did you know that we use "fill out a form" to talk about writing some information on
568
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ใ€Œใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
31:25
a form?
569
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31:26
I use the simple verb "fill" in this more metaphorical way.
570
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฏ”ๅ–ฉ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œfillใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:31
Of course, you can "fill a glass of water," but when you "fill your mind with facts,"
571
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒƒใƒ—ไธ€ๆฏใฎๆฐดใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ ๅฟƒใ‚’ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงๆบ€ใŸใ™ใ€ใจ
31:39
your mind has a lot of factual information in it.
572
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ใ€ๅฟƒใซใฏๅคšใใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅซใพ ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
31:42
It is filled with facts.
573
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:44
Vanessa: Pair number three: "found and found out."
574
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒšใ‚ข็•ชๅท3๏ผšใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ ใŸใ€
31:48
This is the past tense of "find and find out".
575
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
31:53
Vanessa: "I ... how to avoid the traffic."
576
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ...ไบค้€šใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€
31:57
Vanessa: "I ... a better road to avoid traffic."
577
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ...ไบค้€šใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„้“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:02
Vanessa: Which one of these needs the phrasal verb, and which one of these needs the simple
578
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚Œ ใŒๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—
32:09
verb?
579
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
32:10
Think about it for three seconds.
580
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3็ง’้–“่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
32:11
Three, two, one.
581
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
32:13
Did you say, "I found out how to avoid the traffic."?
582
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ใ€Œไบค้€šใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
32:19
Did you say, "I found a better road to avoid the traffic."?
583
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ใ€Œไบค้€šใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„้“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
32:24
I hope so.
584
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ€Œๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏ
32:26
We use "find out" to talk about solving a problem, especially when we say "find out
585
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ใ€ๅ•้กŒใฎ่งฃๆฑบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
32:33
how" or "find out why."
586
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ใ€‚
32:36
Those are your keywords, "how and why" when we use "find out".
587
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œๆ–นๆณ•ใจ็†็”ฑใ€ใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
32:41
For a longer video about "find out" and "figure out," you can check out this link up here,
588
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ใ€Œ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใงใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
32:47
which is a video that I made about two years ago comparing these two similar and yet different
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ด„2ๅนด ๅ‰ใซไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎ้กžไผผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
32:52
phrasal verbs.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚
32:53
Vanessa: Pair number four: "read and read over."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒšใ‚ข็•ชๅท4๏ผšใ€Œ่ชญใฟ็›ดใ— ใฆใ€ใ€‚
32:57
Now, this pair of words here looks like "read and read over" but the present and the past
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒšใ‚ขใฏใ€Œ่ชญใฟ็›ดใ—ใฆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใจ้ŽๅŽป
33:05
tense are spelled exactly the same, they're just pronounced differently.
593
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ๅฝขใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜็ถดใ‚Šใงใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:08
So we need the context here.
594
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
33:09
Let's take a look at the sentences.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
33:11
Vanessa: "She ... the article three times."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ...่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’3ๅ›žใ€‚ใ€
33:15
Vanessa: She ... the newspaper this morning."
597
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใฏ...ไปŠๆœใฎๆ–ฐ่žใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
33:19
Vanessa: Which one should have "read" and which one should have "read over"?
598
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ชญใ‚€ใ€ในใใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ ใ€Œ่ชญใฟ็›ดใ™ใ€ในใใ‹๏ผŸใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ
33:24
Think about it for a moment.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
33:26
Three, two, one.
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33:28
It is best to say, "She read over the article three times," and "She read the newspaper
601
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ 3ๅ›ž่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆœๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ 
33:36
this morning."
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33:37
For this one, it's okay to say, "She read the article three times," but if you want
603
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’3ๅ›ž่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใŒ
33:43
to emphasize that she read it in detail, this is "read over," to look at something in detail.
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ใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œ่ชญใฟ็›ดใ—ใ€ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฟในใ‚‹
33:50
Then you can use the phrasal verb, "read over."
605
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ่ชญใฟ่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
33:52
Vanessa: "She read over the article three times in detail to find out everything."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’3 ๅ›ž่ฉณใ—ใ่ชญใฟใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
33:58
Vanessa: Pair number five: "used or used up".
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒšใ‚ข็•ชๅท 5๏ผšใ€Œไฝฟใ„ๆžœใŸใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
34:02
The sentences are: Vanessa: "Dan ... the cream for his coffee?"
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณ...ๅฝผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ๏ผŸใ€
34:08
Vanessa: "Dan ... the cream for his coffee, oh no!"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณ...ๅฝผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ‚„๏ผใ€
34:13
Vanessa: So the only difference here is "Oh no!"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใงๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒŽใƒผ๏ผใ€
34:16
Which one evokes the feeling of, "Oh no."
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ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฎใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒŽใƒผ๏ผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:20
Think about it for a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
34:21
Three, two, one.
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34:23
Did you say, "Dan used the cream for his coffee," and "Dan used up the cream for his coffee,
614
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ€ใจใ‹ ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏไฝฟใฃใŸ ๅฝผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€
34:31
oh no!"?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ‚„๏ผใ€๏ผŸ
34:32
I hope so.
616
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็งใฏใใ†้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:33
If Dan uses cream for his coffee, cool.
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ใƒ€ใƒณใชใ‚‰ ๅฝผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใซใฏใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
34:37
It doesn't bother me.
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ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
34:38
I don't care.
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็งใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
34:39
But if Dan uses up the cream for his coffee, this is a problem because it means that I
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใŒๅฝผใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๆžœใŸใ— ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒ
34:44
don't get any.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:45
"Use up" means to finish something completely.
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ใ€Œไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:49
So in the morning when Dan makes his coffee, if he uses up the cream, I might be a little
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใŒใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ๆทนใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๅฝผใŒใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๆžœใŸใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซ
34:54
bit upset because then I don't get any in my drink, so that's why I said, "Oh no!"
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹•ๆบใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ‚„๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
34:59
Let's go to the next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:00
Vanessa: Number six: "call, call on".
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš6็•ช็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ใ€‚
35:05
Let's look at the sentences.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:06
Vanessa: "If you don't listen, the teacher will ... your parents after class."
629
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใฏ...ๆŽˆๆฅญใฎๅพŒใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
35:12
Vanessa: "If you don't listen, the teacher will ... you in class."
630
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใฏ...ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
35:19
Vanessa: Which one feels the most correct for the phrasal verb?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
35:23
Three, two, one.
632
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
35:25
Did you say, "If you don't listen, the teacher will call your parents after class.
633
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ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใฏๆŽˆๆฅญๅพŒใซไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:34
If you don't listen, the teacher will call on you in class."?
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่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ ๆŽˆๆฅญไธญใซใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
35:38
Vanessa: For me, this seems like it's a universal truth that if you're not listening, if you're
635
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ™ฎ้็š„ใช ็œŸๅฎŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
35:43
about to fall asleep, the teacher will always call on you.
636
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
35:47
The teacher knows who sleepy, who is not paying attention, and they'll say, "Vanessa, what's
637
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ่ชฐใŒ็œ ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใ€6็•ชใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
35:51
number six?"
638
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ใ€‚
35:53
And then you feel really scared.
639
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1251
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€–ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:54
So when you call on someone, you ask them to answer a question.
640
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
35:59
Have you ever experienced this in school that when you're not paying attention, the teacher
641
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญฆๆ กใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ— ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ
36:02
always calls on you.
642
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
36:04
But if you call someone, "The teacher called my parents," this means that she's making
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ ็งใฎไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
36:12
a phone call.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:13
When someone makes a phone call to your parents, it's always a bad thing.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
36:17
So if you're not listening in class, the teacher might call your parents.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:22
She's not calling on your parents, that feels a little bit weird.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใ‚’ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:25
She's just simply calling your parents.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใ‚’ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:27
Vanessa: Number seven is "got and got into."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš7็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:31
The verb "got" is the past tense of "get" here.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œgotใ€ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ€Œgetใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝข ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:34
So let's think about which one of these fits into these sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
36:37
Vanessa: "I ... English last year when I found Vanessa's lessons."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅŽปๅนดใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
36:41
Vanessa: "I finally ... English last year when I found Vanessa's lessons."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅŽปๅนด ใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใคใ„ใซ...่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
36:47
Vanessa: The only difference here is the word "finally."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ ใ€Œใคใ„ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:53
Think about which one of these words is correct.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
36:56
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
36:59
"I got into English last year when I found Vanessa's lessons.
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ใ€ŒๅŽปๅนดใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ๅŽปๅนดใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
37:06
I finally got English last year when I found Vanessa's lessons."
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใซใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
37:13
Why did we say, "I got into English last year."?
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ใชใœใ€ŒๅŽปๅนด่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
37:17
That means that you started to become interested in English when you found my lessons.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:21
Maybe that was true for you, I hope so.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏใใ†้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:23
So you started to become interested in something, but the word "get", or in the past tense of
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€Œๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ
37:28
"got", by itself has a lot of different meetings in this sentence.
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ใ€Œๅพ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใฃใŸไผšๅˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:32
It means simply understood.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:34
Maybe you've never understood another native English speaker before and then you watched
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป–ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
37:38
my lessons and thought, "I can understand her.
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็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
37:41
This is amazing."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:42
So you might say, "I finally got English.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ่‹ฑ่ชž
37:45
It finally made sense to me when I found Vanessa's lessons."
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ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:49
So you would say, "I finally got English when I found Vanessa's lessons."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใงใใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
37:53
Vanessa: Number eight: "keep and keep on".
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš8็•ช็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€‚
37:57
Let's look at the sentences.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
37:59
Vanessa: "Make sure that you ... studying every day."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
38:03
Vanessa: "Make sure that you ... studying every day."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ...ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
38:08
Vanessa: Which one of these is correct?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
38:12
Think about it for a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:13
Do both of these sentences look exactly the same to you?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
38:19
This is a trick question, I'm sorry.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:21
It's because "keep" and "keep on" have exactly the same meaning.
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ใ€Œ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:25
"Make sure that you keep studying every day.
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ใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ
38:29
Make sure that you keep on studying every day."
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
38:32
This is exactly the same meaning you could say, "Keep on running, go, go, go," or "Keep
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ€Œ่ตฐใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
38:38
running, go, go, go."
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่ตฐใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
38:39
Same meaning, no problem.
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
38:41
You can use "keep" or "keep on" and they're the same.
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ใ€Œkeepใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œkeeponใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:44
Let's go to the next one and the final question.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใจๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:47
Number nine.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒŠใ‚คใƒณใ€‚
38:48
Vanessa: Number nine: "show and show up".
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš9็•ช็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
38:51
Vanessa: "Why does she always ... us pictures of her cats?"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚...็งใŸใก ใซๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็Œซใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
38:56
Vanessa: "Why does she always ... 10 minutes late?"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚... 10ๅˆ† ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
39:01
Vanessa: Which one is best with the simple verb?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€้ฉ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:05
Which one is best with the phrasal verb?
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆœ€้ฉใชใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:07
Think about it for just a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
39:10
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
39:11
"Why does she always show us pictures of her cats?"
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ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็Œซใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
39:15
Probably because they're really cute and she loves them and she wants you to love them
696
2355650
4180
ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใฆ ๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡
39:19
too.
697
2359830
1000
ใ†ใ€‚
39:20
"Why does she always show up 10 minutes late?"
698
2360830
4029
ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚10ๅˆ†้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
39:24
When someone shows up, they appear, they arrive 10 minutes late.
699
2364859
4911
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็พใ‚Œใ€ 10ๅˆ†้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:29
This is pretty rude depending on the situation, but if it's at work, do not show up 10 minutes
700
2369770
6390
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไป•ไบ‹ไธญใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ10ๅˆ†้…ใ‚Œใฆ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œ
39:36
late, not a good idea if you want to keep your job.
701
2376160
2400
ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
39:38
Vanessa: All right.
702
2378560
1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
39:39
How did you do?
703
2379560
1000
ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
39:40
Did you add the phrasal verbs to the right sentence and the simple verbs to the right
704
2380560
3940
ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ ๆ–‡ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
39:44
sentence?
705
2384500
1000
ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:45
I hope you did.
706
2385500
1000
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
39:46
I hope you learned something new.
707
2386500
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:47
Let me know in the comments.
708
2387500
1000
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
39:48
What was your score on this test?
709
2388500
3660
ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
39:52
Vanessa: Do you feel like prepositions are tricky?
710
2392160
5060
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:57
Should it be, "I'm in the store or I'm at the store.
711
2397220
3399
ใ€Œ็งใฏๅบ—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ๅบ—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ ใ€‚
40:00
I talked to him or I talked with him."
712
2400619
3410
ๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
40:04
These small words "in, at, with, to" these are called prepositions.
713
2404029
5780
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œinใ€atใ€withใ€toใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชž ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
40:09
The reason why prepositions are so tricky is because we can't translate them from your
714
2409809
4730
ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒ้žๅธธใซใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใช็†็”ฑใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž ใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰็ฟป่จณใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚
40:14
native language.
715
2414539
1300
ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:15
For example, in Spanish, the words "para" and "por" both mean "for" when you translate
716
2415839
6201
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€Œparaใ€ ใจใ€Œporใ€ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
40:22
it into English, but those two words can be used in a lot of different situations where
717
2422040
5880
ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ
40:27
in English we would say "for, by, during, along."
718
2427920
5149
ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œforใ€byใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ไธญใ€ใซ ๆฒฟใฃใฆใ€‚ใ€
40:33
How are Spanish speakers and you supposed to know which is the correct English preposition?
719
2433069
5081
ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
40:38
It's tricky.
720
2438150
1000
ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
40:39
Today, we're not going to cover all the rules for all prepositions, but instead we're going
721
2439150
4169
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏ ใชใใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š
40:43
to do something, a little fun, a quiz.
722
2443319
2941
ใซใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:46
Over the next 15 questions, you're going to review 15 different prepositions.
723
2446260
5150
ๆฌกใฎ15ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€ 15ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:51
Of course, we can't talk about every rule for every preposition, but we're going to
724
2451410
3770
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
40:55
talk about some of the common uses.
725
2455180
1790
ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:56
Vanessa: Before we get started, I want you to guess how many questions do you think you'll
726
2456970
5780
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใๆŽจๆธฌใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†่ณชๅ•ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
41:02
guess correctly.
727
2462750
1299
ใ€‚
41:04
Think about a number one through 15 or maybe zero through 15, how many questions do you
728
2464049
5841
1ใ‹ใ‚‰15ใพใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ0ใ‹ใ‚‰15ใพใงใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใฎ่ณชๅ•
41:09
think you'll get correct?
729
2469890
1620
ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:11
I want you to think about this number because I have a feeling, I guess that you probably
730
2471510
5350
็งใฏๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ•ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
41:16
know more about prepositions than you think you do.
731
2476860
2780
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:19
So I hope that this lesson will help you to realize, "I do know something about prepositions
732
2479640
5360
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ ใ€Œๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ—
41:25
and now I know a little bit more as well."
733
2485000
2280
ใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:27
All right, let's get started with question number one.
734
2487280
2650
ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•1ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
41:29
Vanessa: Preposition sentence number one, "Today is beautiful, let's go for a walk ... the
735
2489930
5460
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ1็•ชใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
41:35
park."
736
2495390
1000
ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
41:36
Vanessa: "Let's go for a walk in the park."
737
2496390
3010
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
41:39
Vanessa: "Let's go for a walk at the park."
738
2499400
2750
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
41:42
Vanessa: Which one of these is the most common?
739
2502150
2199
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ†ใกๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:44
I'll give you three seconds to guess.
740
2504349
2091
ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ3็ง’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
41:46
Three, two, one.
741
2506440
2629
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
41:49
The correct answer is, "It's beautiful today, let's go for a walk in the park."
742
2509069
6960
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็ถบ้บ—ใงใ™ ใ€‚ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
41:56
You should use the word "in" because we're talking about being inside or surrounded by
743
2516029
5951
็งใŸใกใฏๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฎไธญใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œไธญใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
42:01
the park.
744
2521980
1000
ใ€‚
42:02
If you say, "Let's go for a walk at the park."
745
2522980
2750
ใ€Œๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
42:05
We're just talking about a specific point.
746
2525730
2390
็งใŸใกใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:08
You might say, "Let's meet at the entrance to the park" but here we're talking about
747
2528120
5150
ใ€Œๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฎๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒ
42:13
going for a walk in the park, we're surrounded by the park.
748
2533270
3720
ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆๆ•ฃๆญฉใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚
42:16
All right, let's go to question number two.
749
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1809
ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•2ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
42:18
Vanessa: Question number two, "Basketball is enjoyable, but ... all I like baseball."
750
2538799
5760
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่ณชๅ•2ใ€ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซ ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒ...็งใฏ้‡Ž็ƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
42:24
Vanessa: "But about all, I like baseball."
751
2544559
3520
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€็งใฏ้‡Ž็ƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
42:28
Vanessa: "But above all, I like baseball."
752
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€้‡Ž็ƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
42:30
Vanessa: Which preposition is correct?
753
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:33
You have three seconds, two, one.
754
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3็ง’ใ€2ใ€1็ง’ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:36
"Basketball is enjoyable, but above all, I like baseball."
755
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ้‡Ž็ƒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
42:42
Here we have a fixed expression.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅฎšๅž‹่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:44
You might call this in grammatical terms, a collocation "above all."
757
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ ใซใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจๅ‘ผใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:50
Here we can imagine physically above your interests are more important, more interesting.
758
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซ ้‡่ฆใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:56
Baseball above all is the best.
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ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡Ž็ƒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:59
So you could say, "I like learning English all the time, but above all, Vanessa's lessons
760
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
43:05
are my favorite."
761
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ใŒ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
43:06
Vanessa: Sentence number three, "I'm teaching my son to walk ... the sidewalk."
762
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡3ใ€ใ€Œ ๆฏๅญใซๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™...ๆญฉ้“ใ€ใ€‚
43:11
Vanessa: "I'm teaching my son to walk by the sidewalk."
763
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๆฏๅญใซๆญฉ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
43:14
Vanessa: Or "I'm teaching my son to walk on the sidewalk."
764
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆฏๅญใซๆญฉ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
43:17
Vanessa: Which one is correct?
765
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
43:19
This is true, my son's one and a half and I'm trying to teach him to walk the sidewalk,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€็งใฎๆฏๅญใฏ1.5ๆญณใงใ€ ็งใฏๅฝผใซๆญฉ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„
43:24
it's dangerous if you walk the road.
767
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใจๅฑ้™บใงใ™ใ€‚
43:26
All right, let's think about this in three seconds, two, one.
768
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ3 ็ง’ใ€2ใ€1็ง’ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:30
The answer is, "I'm teaching my son to walk on the sidewalk."
769
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œๆฏๅญใซๆญฉ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ ใ€‚
43:36
With the word "on" we can imagine a flat surface on the sidewalk.
770
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€ๆญฉ้“ใฎๅนณใ‚‰ใช้ขใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:41
"Don't walk on the road, walk on the sidewalk."
771
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ใ€Œ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆญฉ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
43:45
Vanessa: Sentence number four, "Walk ... that tall building and you'll find downtown."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท4ใ€ใ€Œๆญฉใ„ใฆ...ใ‚ใฎ ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซใ‚’ๆญฉใใจใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
43:51
This is directions.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้“้ †ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:52
Vanessa: "Walk to that tall building and you'll find downtown."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซใซๆญฉใ„ใฆ่กŒใใจใ€ ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
43:56
Vanessa: Or, "Walk towards that tall building and you will find downtown."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๅปบ็‰ฉใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๆญฉใ ใจใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
44:00
Vanessa: Here we can kind of imagine that in the distance there is a tall building and
776
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€้ ใใซ้ซ˜ๅฑคใƒ“ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
44:05
you're trying to tell your friend how to get to downtown.
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ใ€ๅ‹้”ใซใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใธใฎ่กŒใๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
44:08
So let's think about which preposition is correct.
778
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
44:12
Three, two, one.
779
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
44:15
"Walk towards that tall building and you'll find downtown."
780
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ใ€Œใใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๆญฉใใจใ€ ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
44:20
We use the preposition "towards" to talk about moving in a direction towards something, to
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œtowardsใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
44:26
something, but you're not exactly going to that spot.
782
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3189
ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
44:30
"If you want to walk to downtown from my house, you don't need to get to that tall building,
783
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใพใงๆญฉใใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซ
44:35
you just need to move in the direction of that tall building."
784
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ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
44:39
Vanessa: Sentence number five, "I'll see you ... the party ... six o'clock."
785
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท5ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ...ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผ... 6ๆ™‚ใ€
44:44
Vanessa: "I'll see you by the party by six o'clock."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ6ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€
44:47
Vanessa: "I'll see you at the party at six o'clock."
787
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ6ๆ™‚ใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€
44:50
Vanessa: Here we're going to use the same preposition for both blanks.
788
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎ็ฉบ็™ฝใซๅŒใ˜ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:54
Think about it.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
44:55
Three, two, one.
790
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
44:57
"I'll see you at the party at six o'clock."
791
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ใ€Œ6ๆ™‚ใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
45:02
Here we're talking about a specific point in time.
792
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4339
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:07
Remember question number one, we talked about meeting at the entrance to the park, that's
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่ณชๅ•1ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใก ใฏๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฎๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใงไผšใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œ
45:12
the same thing here.
794
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1000
ใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
45:13
"We're I'm going to meet you at the party at six o'clock."
795
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ใ€Œ6ๆ™‚ใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€
45:17
A specific point.
796
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
45:18
Vanessa: Preposition sentence number six, "I don't understand what Vanessa is talking..."
797
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ6็•ชใ€ ใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...ใ€
45:24
Vanessa: "I don't understand what Vanessa is talking with."
798
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
45:27
Vanessa: "I don't understand what Vanessa's talking about."
799
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3600
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
45:31
Vanessa: Which one is correct?
800
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
45:33
Three, two, one.
801
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2630
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
45:36
We have a key here to help us know what the correct answer is.
802
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4020
ๆญฃ่งฃใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค้ตใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
45:40
The key word is the word "what".
803
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ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใ€Œใชใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:43
"I don't understand what Vanessa is talking about."
804
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ใ€Œใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
45:49
If you know this fixed expression to talk about something, you know that we talk about
805
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎใ“ใฎๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่กจ็พ ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
45:55
something, we're not talking about a person.
806
2755030
3809
ใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:58
I'm talking about prepositions, I'm talking about the moon, I'm talking about English.
807
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6921
็งใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
46:05
What if we wanted to say, "I'm talking with..."?
808
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2690
ใ€Œ็งใฏ...ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
46:08
Here, we need to use a person, but in my sentence I'm talking about something because I used
809
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5560
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไบบใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใง ใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใฎใงไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
46:14
the word what.
810
2774010
1000
ใ€‚
46:15
"I'm talking with you about prepositions."
811
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3650
ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
46:18
Do you see that difference here?
812
2778660
2010
ใ“ใ“ใซใใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
46:20
Vanessa: Sentence number seven, this one's a little tricky.
813
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2910
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท7ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
46:23
"We'll try to be home ... 10:00 PM, but probably earlier."
814
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™...ๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
46:28
You can imagine telling a babysitter this, maybe if you're going out and the babysitter
815
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4030
ใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผ
46:32
is staying home and watching your kids, you might say, "We'll try to be home by 10:00
816
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6470
ใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฎถใซใ„ใฆๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฉใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
46:39
PM, but probably earlier."
817
2799210
1920
ใ€‚
46:41
Or, "We'll try to be home at 10:00 PM, but probably earlier."
818
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5600
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
46:46
Which one is correct?
819
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1359
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹๏ผŸ
46:48
Three two, one.
820
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2821
ไธ‰ใ€ไบŒใ€ไธ€ใ€‚
46:50
Well, technically both of these are correct, but the best answer here is, "I'll try to
821
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7420
ใพใ‚ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
46:58
be home by 10:00 PM."
822
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2400
ๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:00
Why did I choose "by"?
823
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ใชใœใ€Œbyใ€ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
47:03
The word "by" means that we're talking about the latest possible time, "Try to be home
824
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6580
ใ€Œbyใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ใ€ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใพใงใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Šๆœ€ๆ–ฐใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:10
by 10:00 PM..."
825
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1041
47:11
And our key here is that final part, "... but probably earlier."
826
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4639
ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ...ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฎถ
47:16
I'm imagining that 10:00 PM is the latest that I will be home, so here we need to use
827
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ใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅˆๅพŒ10ๆ™‚ใŒไธ€็•ช้…ใ„ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œbyใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
47:21
the word "by".
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1359
ใ€‚
47:22
You might also hear in a classroom, the teacher might say to you, "You need to have your homework
829
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4541
ๆ•™ๅฎคใง่žใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ ใฏใ€ŒๆŽˆๆฅญใฎๅˆใ‚ใพใงใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
47:27
finished by the beginning of class."
830
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3020
ใ€‚
47:30
The beginning of class is the latest possible time.
831
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3709
ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Š้…ใ„ ๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:34
Don't finish your homework during the class, it needs to be finished by the beginning of
832
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5440
ๆŽˆๆฅญไธญใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆŽˆๆฅญ ใฎๅˆใ‚ใพใงใซๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
47:39
class.
833
2859559
1000
ใ€‚
47:40
Vanessa: Preposition sentence number eight, "After watching the tidying documentary ... I
834
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4500
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ8็•ชใ€ ใ€Œ็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅพŒ...็ง
47:45
went all of my things."
835
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2000
ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
47:47
Vanessa: "After watching the tidying documentary, I went into all my things."
836
2867059
4770
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅพŒใ€ ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
47:51
Or, "I went through all my things".
837
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2801
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
47:54
Which preposition is correct?
838
2874630
1980
ใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
47:56
Three, two, one.
839
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2560
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
47:59
"After watching the tidying documentary, I went through all of my things."
840
2879170
6610
ใ€Œ็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฎใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅพŒใ€็ง ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
48:05
You can imagine a tunnel, you're going through the tunnel, you're surrounded by the tunnel.
841
2885780
7130
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:12
I'm here in the sentence surrounded by my things, clothes, kitchen things, office supplies.
842
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7730
็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ็‰ฉใ€ๆœใ€ๅฐๆ‰€ใฎ็‰ฉใ€ไบ‹ๅ‹™็”จๅ“ใซๅ›ฒใพใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:20
I went through my things, it was thorough, I went through every single thing.
843
2900640
7510
็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅพนๅบ•็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€ ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€
48:28
It also helps if you know the fixed expression to "go through something."
844
2908150
5280
ใจใ„ใ†ๅ›บๅฎš่กจ็พใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
48:33
This is one of the best ways to really memorize prepositions is to memorize those full fixed
845
2913430
5180
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ1ใคใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใฆ
48:38
phrases, to "talk about" something.
846
2918610
2810
ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™ใ€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
48:41
To "go through" something.
847
2921420
2109
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ€Œ้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ€‚
48:43
Vanessa: Sentence number nine, "I was in New York ... two weeks."
848
2923529
3631
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท9ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸ... 2้€ฑ้–“ใ€ใ€‚
48:47
Vanessa: "I was in New York since two weeks."
849
2927160
2899
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ2้€ฑ้–“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
48:50
Vanessa: "I was in New York for two weeks."
850
2930059
2240
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ2้€ฑ้–“ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
48:52
Vanessa: Which one is the most correct?
851
2932299
1971
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
48:54
Three, two, one.
852
2934270
2560
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
48:56
"I was in New York for two weeks."
853
2936830
4459
ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ2้€ฑ้–“ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
49:01
I know that the word "for" and "since" can be tricky together and we use "for" when we
854
2941289
5201
ใ€Œforใ€ใจใ€Œsinceใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใใซใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
49:06
ask the question, what was the duration of time?
855
2946490
4010
ใŒใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใงใ— ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
49:10
The duration of time was two weeks, so I was in New York for two weeks.
856
2950500
6240
ๆœŸ้–“ใฏ2้€ฑ้–“ใ ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ2้€ฑ้–“ๆปžๅœจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:16
Vanessa: Sentence number 10, "The cat ran ... the kitchen when he heard the can open."
857
2956740
7190
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท10ใ€ใ€Œ็Œซใฏ โ€ฆ็ผถใŒ้–‹ใใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€ๅฐๆ‰€ใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
49:23
This is true for my cats.
858
2963930
1740
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็Œซใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:25
When you open a can of cat food, "They run to the kitchen."
859
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4990
ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใฎ็ผถใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏๅฐๆ‰€ใซ้ง†ใ‘ๅฏ„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
49:30
Or, "They run into the kitchen."
860
2970660
3209
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐๆ‰€ใซใถใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
49:33
These are pretty similar, right?
861
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1750
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
49:35
Think about it for just a moment.
862
2975619
1581
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:37
Three, two, one.
863
2977200
2649
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
49:39
"The cat ran into the kitchen when he heard the can open."
864
2979849
6631
ใ€Œ็ผถใŒ้–‹ใใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€็Œซใฏๅฐๆ‰€ใซ้ง†ใ‘่พผใ‚“ใ  ใ€‚ใ€
49:46
We use the preposition "into" to talk about a room or a building.
865
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6059
ใ€Œintoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚„ๅปบ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:52
If you want to say, "The cat ran to something", we need to use a specific thing.
866
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5931
ใ€Œ็ŒซใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:58
"The cat ran to the bowl.
867
2998470
2500
ใ€Œ็Œซใฏใƒœใ‚ฆใƒซใซ้ง†ใ‘ๅฏ„ใฃใŸ
50:00
The cat ran to me.
868
3000970
1670
ใ€‚็Œซใฏ็งใซ้ง†ใ‘ๅฏ„ใฃใŸ
50:02
The cat ran into the kitchen to the bowl."
869
3002640
3050
ใ€‚็Œซใฏใƒœใ‚ฆใƒซใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅฐๆ‰€ใซ้ง†ใ‘่พผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€
50:05
Beautiful sentence.
870
3005690
1000
็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ€‚
50:06
Vanessa: Sentence number 11, "Oh no, that was the last can of cat food, I need to go
871
3006690
4530
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท11ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ผถใงใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ
50:11
... the store to get more cat food."
872
3011220
2730
ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:13
Is it, "I need to go to the store to get more cat food."
873
3013950
2909
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€‚
50:16
Or.
874
3016859
1000
ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
50:17
"I need to go about the store to get more cat food."?
875
3017859
2521
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€๏ผŸ
50:20
Which one's correct?
876
3020380
1939
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
50:22
Three, two, one.
877
3022319
1941
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
50:24
"I need to go to the store to get more cat food."
878
3024260
4980
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:29
Immediately, my cats are going crazy.
879
3029240
2480
ใ™ใใซใ€็งใฎ็Œซใฏๅคขไธญใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:31
We use the preposition "to" for a specific destination, "Come to my house.
880
3031720
6720
็‰นๅฎšใฎ็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ ๅฎถใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:38
I'm going to the US.
881
3038440
2139
็ฑณๅ›ฝ
50:40
I need to go to the store."
882
3040579
2331
ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:42
Vanessa: Number 12, "The museum is full ... tourists in July."
883
3042910
5109
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš12็•ชใ€ใ€Œ็พŽ่ก“้คจใฏๆบ€ๅ“กใงใ™... 7ๆœˆใฏ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:48
Vanessa: "The museum is full of tourists in July."
884
3048019
4681
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็พŽ่ก“้คจใฏ7ๆœˆใซ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
50:52
Vanessa: Or, "The museum is full for tourists in July."
885
3052700
4339
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ7ๆœˆใฎ็พŽ่ก“้คจใฏ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
50:57
Vanessa: Which one feels the most correct to you?
886
3057039
5121
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
51:02
Three, two, one.
887
3062160
1310
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
51:03
"The museum is full of tourists in July."
888
3063470
5139
ใ€Œ7ๆœˆใฎ็พŽ่ก“้คจใฏ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใงใซใŽใ‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
51:08
It helps if you know this fixed expression "full of something".
889
3068609
4791
ใ“ใฎๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่กจ็พใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ€ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
51:13
"The tree is full of monkeys.
890
3073400
3820
ใ€Œๆœจใฏ็Œฟใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™
51:17
The museum is full of tourists."
891
3077220
2500
ใ€‚ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใฏ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใงใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
51:19
Vanessa: Number 13, "I talked ... the client about the problem.
892
3079720
5450
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš13็•ชใ€ใ€Œ ๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆ
51:25
Vanessa: "I talked with the client about the problem."
893
3085170
4020
ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
51:29
Vanessa: Or, "I talked to the client about the problem."
894
3089190
3570
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
51:32
Vanessa: Think about this for a moment.
895
3092760
3259
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ€‚3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
51:36
Three, two, one.
896
3096019
2790
51:38
"I talked with the client about the problem."
897
3098809
4821
ใ€Œๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:43
Or, "I talked to the client about the problem."
898
3103630
4310
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:47
Oh, both of these can be correct grammatically but they have slightly different meanings
899
3107940
4389
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™
51:52
in a business situation.
900
3112329
1940
ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใ€‚
51:54
If you're talking about a friend, "I talked with my friend, I talked to my friend."
901
3114269
3901
ๅ‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:58
No problem, same meaning.
902
3118170
1500
ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
51:59
But in a business situation with a client they have a slightly different meaning.
903
3119670
4210
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
52:03
If you say, "I talked with the client," it has a more friendly, approachable, kind of
904
3123880
6239
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ† ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฆชใ—ใฟใ‚„ใ™ใใ€่ฆชใ—ใฟใ‚„ใ™ใใ€
52:10
equal feeling.
905
3130119
1071
ๅนณ็ญ‰ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
52:11
Both people are speaking, "I spoke with the client, I talked with the client."
906
3131190
5240
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:16
If you say, "I talked to the client," in a business situation, it kind of feels like
907
3136430
5520
ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ† ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€
52:21
one person is doing more speaking.
908
3141950
2740
ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:24
You might say, "My boss talked to me about being late."
909
3144690
4929
ใ€ŒไธŠๅธใŒ้…ๅˆปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
52:29
That means that I was late too much and he was angry with me, he talked to me about being
910
3149619
5670
็งใŒ้…ใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๅฝผ ใฏ็งใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใฏ้…ๅˆปใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
52:35
late.
911
3155289
1000
ใ€‚
52:36
So just know that in a business situation it's slightly different but in a casual conversation
912
3156289
4550
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณ ใงใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชไผš่ฉฑ
52:40
they're the same.
913
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1000
ใงใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:41
Vanessa: Number 14, "It's been raining ... Saturday."
914
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3851
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš14็•ชใ€ใ€Œ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™...ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€
52:45
Vanessa: "It's been raining until Saturday."
915
3165690
2139
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใง้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
52:47
Vanessa: "It's been raining since Saturday."
916
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
52:51
Vanessa: Three, two, one.
917
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2599
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
52:54
When is the start date?
918
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้–‹ๅง‹ๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
52:57
When did it start raining?
919
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ใ„ใค้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
52:59
Saturday.
920
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1000
ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€‚
53:00
"It has been raining since Saturday."
921
3180470
4210
ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
53:04
This is a tricky word.
922
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:06
We know the start date, Saturday.
923
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2100
้–‹ๅง‹ๆ—ฅใฏๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
53:08
"It has been raining since Saturday.
924
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ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
53:11
I've been learning English since I was eight years old."
925
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4400
ใ€‚8ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
53:15
Eight years old is the start time, "I've been learning since I was eight years old."
926
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ใ€Œ 8ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒ8ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
53:21
If you'd like to learn a little bit more about the difference between "until and since" make
927
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ใ€Œใพใงใ€ใจใ€Œใใ‚Œไปฅ้™ใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚Š
53:25
sure you check out this live lesson that I did quite a while ago so that you can learn
928
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
53:29
that more deeply.
929
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1000
ใ€‚
53:30
Vanessa: And our final preposition quiz sentence is: "I fell asleep ... the movie."
930
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บๆ–‡ ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸ...ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:36
Vanessa: "I fell asleep during the movie."
931
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆœ€ไธญใซ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
53:39
Vanessa: Or, "I fell asleep from the movie."
932
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3119
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‹ใ‚‰็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
53:42
Vanessa: Which one of these feels the most correct?
933
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
53:45
It's the last question, you can do it.
934
3225150
3040
ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
53:48
Three, two, one.
935
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1700
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
53:49
"I fell asleep during the movie."
936
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3250
ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆœ€ไธญใซ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
53:53
The word "during" comes from the word "duration", which means in the middle of the movie I fell
937
3233140
7120
ใ€Œไธญใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ้€”ไธญใง็งใŒ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ŒๆœŸ้–“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„
54:00
asleep.
938
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1000
ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:01
You've heard a lot of prepositions during this lesson.
939
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4309
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:05
How did you do in this quiz?
940
3245569
1780
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
54:07
This was just a quick overview of 15 common prepositions, but I have a feeling that you
941
3247349
5521
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ15ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆญฃ็ขบใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™
54:12
got more correct than you thought you would at the beginning.
942
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3719
ใ€‚
54:16
Vanessa: "Could I speak English?
943
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4701
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ็งใฏ
54:21
Where what I speak English?
944
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1829
ใฉใ“ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‹
54:23
Should I speak English?"
945
3263119
2341
๏ผŸ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
54:25
"Could, would, should" help.
946
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3659
ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ™ในใใ ใ€ใ€‚
54:29
These three verbs "could, would and should" are called modal verbs and they can be tricky
947
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6021
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcouldใ€wouldใ€shouldใ€ ใฏๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐ
54:35
for a lot of English learners.
948
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1350
ใ‚Œใ€ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซใจใฃใฆๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:36
Are they tricky for you?
949
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1710
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
54:38
Well, I have some good news today.
950
3278200
2290
ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:40
I'd like to challenge you with a "could, would, should" test.
951
3280490
4470
ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใ™ในใใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
54:44
Are you ready?
952
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1049
ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
54:46
I'm going to ask you eight questions using the different forms of "could, would and should"
953
3286009
5441
ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฝขใฎใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใ™ในใใ€
54:51
and I want you to try your best, look into your heart and choose the correct answer.
954
3291450
4940
ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ8ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใ€ ๅฟƒใ‚’่ชฟในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
54:56
You'll have three seconds to choose "could, would or should" and then I'll explain hopefully
955
3296390
5419
ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ3็ง’ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ
55:01
clearly why that's the correct answer.
956
3301809
2211
ใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:04
Vanessa: Number one, let's imagine that you work for an American company and one of your
957
3304020
3809
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ1ใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
55:07
coworkers tells you that she's having trouble making friends in your country, so you want
958
3307829
5311
ๅŒๅƒšใฎ1 ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงๅ‹้”ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจ
55:13
to give her some polite advice.
959
3313140
3030
ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใซไธๅฏงใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:16
You say, "If you want to meet local people, you ... go to a bar."
960
3316170
6699
ใ€Œๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎไบบใซไผšใ„ใŸใ„ ใชใ‚‰โ€ฆใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:22
Vanessa: "You could go to a bar."
961
3322869
2650
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
55:25
Vanessa: "You would go to a bar."
962
3325519
2711
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
55:28
Vanessa: "You should go to a bar."
963
3328230
2619
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
55:30
Vanessa: You have three seconds to choose the best answer.
964
3330849
3460
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ขใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใ‚’้ธใถใฎใซ3็ง’ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
55:34
Three, two, one.
965
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3151
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
55:37
"If you want to make friends, you could go to a bar."
966
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5889
ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
55:43
We use "could" to give a polite suggestion.
967
3343349
4661
ไธๅฏงใชๆๆกˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œcouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:48
This isn't commanding someone to do something, we'll talk about that with "should" later.
968
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5289
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‘ฝใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใงใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:53
To practice this way to use "could" I want to ask you a question, "If I visit your city,
969
3353299
5790
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ก—ใ‚’่จชใญ
55:59
where could I get a good view?
970
3359089
2891
ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ“ใง่ฆ‹ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
56:01
Sometimes it's nice to go up high and look down on the city.
971
3361980
3200
้ซ˜ใไธŠใŒใฃใฆ่ก—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™ใฎใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
56:05
So where could I go to get a good view?"
972
3365180
2590
ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ“ใง่กŒใ‘ใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
56:07
For example, if you came to my city, you could go to a nearby mountain top and look down
973
3367770
4910
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ่ก—ใซๆฅ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฟ‘ใใฎๅฑฑใฎ้ ‚ไธŠ
56:12
on the city.
974
3372680
1000
ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ก—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
56:13
You could go to a nearby mountain top.
975
3373680
2960
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟ‘ใใฎๅฑฑใฎ้ ‚ไธŠใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
56:16
Vanessa: Number two, let's imagine that you're visiting a new country and as you're walking
976
3376640
4510
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ2ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใฆใ„
56:21
down the street, someone tries to steal your phone.
977
3381150
3330
ใฆใ€้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’็›—ใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
56:24
When you go back and tell the hotel receptionist about this, she says, "Well, in the future
978
3384480
6960
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎๅ—ไป˜ไฟ‚ ใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ
56:31
you ... take your phone outside, it's not safe."
979
3391440
4550
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค–ใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎ‰ๅ…จใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:35
What's the best answer?
980
3395990
1039
ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
56:37
Vanessa: "You couldn't take your phone outside."
981
3397029
3671
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
56:40
Vanessa: "You wouldn't take your phone outside."
982
3400700
2909
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค–ใซๆŒใกๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
56:43
Vanessa: Or, "You shouldn't take your phone outside."
983
3403609
2650
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค–ใซๆŒใกๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€
56:46
Vanessa: Three, two, one.
984
3406259
4000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
56:50
"In the future, you shouldn't take your phone outside."
985
3410259
5381
ใ€Œๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ€ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅค–ใซๆŒใกๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
56:55
We use "should" to give strong advice.
986
3415640
2840
ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸ
56:58
I hope you got this one correct because we just briefly mentioned it during number one.
987
3418480
4359
ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
57:02
In fact, this situation happened to my sister when she was living in another country, I
988
3422839
4010
ๅฎŸใฏใ€ๅง‰ ใŒๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ŠถๆณใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
57:06
won't mention where, but it was her first day in the country and she was walking down
989
3426849
3811
ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใใฎๅ›ฝใงใฎๅˆๆ—ฅใงใ€้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆ
57:10
the street and a lady, kind of crazy lady came up and tried to grab her necklace from
990
3430660
5250
ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ็‹‚ใฃใŸๅฅณๆ€ง ใŒ็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้ฆ–ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—
57:15
around her neck.
991
3435910
1000
ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
57:16
It wasn't something flashy, just a little tiny chain with a little emblem on it or something.
992
3436910
6540
ใใ‚Œใฏๆดพๆ‰‹ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚จใƒณใƒ–ใƒฌใƒ ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸๅฐใ•ใชใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
57:23
And later when she told her friends about that experience, her friend said, "Oh yeah,
993
3443450
5490
ใใ—ใฆๅพŒใงๅฝผๅฅณใŒใใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆๅ‹้”ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹้”ใฏใ€Œใใ†ใใ†
57:28
you shouldn't wear jewelry, especially on that street because it's too dangerous."
994
3448940
4500
ใ€็‰นใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใฏๅฑ้™บใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงๅฎ็Ÿณใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
57:33
Thankfully the lady didn't take her necklace, my sister screamed and the lady ran away,
995
3453440
3810
ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฏใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ ็งใฎๅฆนใฏๅซใณใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฏ้€ƒใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€
57:37
but it was a little bit frightening for her.
996
3457250
2210
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซใจใฃใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆใ‚ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
57:39
So her friend's advice is really strong, "You shouldn't wear jewelry, especially on that
997
3459460
5149
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ็‰นใซใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงๅฎ็Ÿณใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
57:44
street."
998
3464609
1000
ใ€ใ€‚
57:45
I just want to let you know that the verb "should" is so strong that we don't often
999
3465609
4571
ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใฎใง
57:50
use it for other people.
1000
3470180
1840
ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:52
You don't want to tell your friends unless it's a dangerous situation, so you don't want
1001
3472020
3740
ๅฑ้™บใช็Šถๆณใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹้”ใซไผใˆใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจๅ‹้”ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™
57:55
to tell them, "You should eat your vegetables."
1002
3475760
2559
ใ€‚
57:58
It's a little bit strange, but we often use this to talk about ourselves.
1003
3478319
3260
ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:01
If you want to give yourself- Vanessa: We often use this to talk about ourselves.
1004
3481579
1051
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰- ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:02
If you want to give yourself advice, it's no problem if it's strong advice.
1005
3482630
3920
่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅผทใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใชใ‚‰ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:06
You might say, "I should wake up earlier.
1006
3486550
2420
ใ€Œๆ—ฉใ่ตทใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
58:08
I'm sleeping too late.
1007
3488970
1470
ใ€‚ๅฏใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้…ใ™ใŽใ‚‹
58:10
I should go to bed earlier because I'm having trouble waking up.
1008
3490440
4040
ใ€‚่ตทใใซใใ„ใฎใงๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™
58:14
I should."
1009
3494480
1520
ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:16
When you give yourself advice, this is perfectly normal, and it's not too strong for someone
1010
3496000
4599
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ ๆญฃๅธธใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅผทใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
58:20
else because it's about yourself.
1011
3500599
1690
ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:22
Vanessa: Let's go to question number three.
1012
3502289
2330
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่ณชๅ•3ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
58:24
"Mm you help me with my project?"
1013
3504619
3521
ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
58:28
"Could you help me with my project?"
1014
3508140
3560
ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
58:31
"Would you help me with my project?"
1015
3511700
2930
ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
58:34
"Should you help me with my project?"
1016
3514630
2929
ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
58:37
Which one feels the most correct?
1017
3517559
2151
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
58:39
Three two, one.
1018
3519710
3030
ไธ‰ใ€ไบŒใ€ไธ€ใ€‚
58:42
Actually, this is a trick question because you have two choices.
1019
3522740
4940
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ 2ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:47
You can say, "Could you help me with my project?" or, "Would you help me with my project?"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
58:54
Both of these are equally correct, and they both are just a polite request.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆญฃใ—ใใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใช่ฆๆฑ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:59
"Would you help me?"
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"ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ"
59:00
"Could you help me?"
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"็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
59:01
The sentence structure is often "could," "would" plus "you," plus a verb, plus "me."
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ๆ–‡ๅž‹ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€ ใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ€Œmeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:09
"Could you pass me the paper?"
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ใ€Œ็ด™ใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
59:13
"Would you email me when the report is ready?"
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ใ€Œใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
59:16
We use this all the time, so it's really natural.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‡ช็„ถใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
59:19
Vanessa: Question number four.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่ณชๅ•็•ชๅท4ใ€‚
59:20
Let's imagine that we're talking about our childhood, and we're talking about something
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็งใŸใกใŒๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏ ๅญไพ›ใจใ—ใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
59:24
that we were capable of doing as kids.
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ใ€‚
59:28
You could say, "When I was a child, I... play outside all day."
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏโ€ฆโ€ฆไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:35
"I could play outside all day."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
59:38
"I would play outside all day."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใถใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
59:41
"I should play outside all day."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใถในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
59:44
Which one describes a capability?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:47
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
59:50
We could say, "When I was a child, I could play outside all day."
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้ŠในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:56
Here, we're using "can" in the past.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใ€Œ็ผถใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:00
When we turn the verb "can" to conjugate it in the past, it becomes "could."
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcanใ€ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใฆๆดป็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œcouldใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:05
So let's take a look at this sentence in the present and compare it with "could."
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
60:09
"I can play outside all day."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
60:12
This is describing now, the present.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใ€็พๅœจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:15
But if we want to talk about the past, when you were a child, we need to change "can"
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏใ€Œ็ผถใ€
60:19
to "could."
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ใ‚’ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:20
"When I was a child, I could play outside all day."
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
60:23
It's simply talking about your ability to do something.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:27
Vanessa: To practice this possibly new way to use "could," I want to ask you a question.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฅใ„
60:33
What's something that you could do when you were younger, but you can't do now?
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้ ƒใซใงใใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ€ ไปŠใฏใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
60:37
Do you see how we're comparing "could do when you were younger" and "can't do now" with
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ใ€Œ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใซ ใงใใŸใ€ใจใ€ŒไปŠใฏใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’
60:43
that present?
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ใใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
60:44
Great.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
60:45
You might answer this by saying, "Well, when I was younger, I could stay up all night,
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ใ€Œใˆใƒผใจใ€ ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใฏไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ่ตทใใฆ
60:50
but now I can't.
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ใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€ไปŠใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:51
I get tired really early," or, "When I was younger, I could eat sweets and never gain
1054
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ็–ฒใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒ ใฏใŠ่“ๅญใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ€็ตถๅฏพใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
60:57
weight, but now that's not possible."
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ไฝ“้‡ใŒๅข—ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏใใ‚Œใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
60:59
This is a good chance to practice "could" to talk about your ability in the past.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
61:03
Vanessa: Sentence number five, "When I lived near the beach, I... swim in the water every
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡5ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŒใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใ ใ€็งใฏ...ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดใฎไธญใ‚’ๆณณใ„ใงใ„
61:11
day."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
61:12
"When I lived near the beach, I could swim in the water every day."
1059
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ใ€Œ็งใŒใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดไธญใงๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
61:17
"I would swim in the water every day," or, "I should swim in the water every day."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดไธญใงๆณณใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดไธญใงๆณณใในใใ ใ€ใ€‚
61:25
Which one feels the most correct?
1061
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
61:26
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
61:28
"When I lived near the beach, I would swim in the water every day."
1063
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ใ€Œ็งใŒใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดใฎไธญใ‚’ๆณณใ„ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
61:36
We can use "would" to talk about "will" in the past.
1064
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ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ€Œwillใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
61:41
This can be a little bit tricky, so my tip for thinking about this version of "would"
1065
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใ€Œwouldใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ
61:46
is to think about an action that happened regularly in the past.
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ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
61:50
If I say, "When I lived at the beach, I would swim in the water every day," this is talking
1067
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ใ€Œๆตœ่พบใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆฐดๆณณใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ
61:57
about something that habitually happened.
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่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
62:00
Let's take a look at another example.
1069
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:01
"My teacher would always give us a quiz on Friday."
1070
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ็งใŸใกใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
62:05
It happened regularly.
1071
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
62:07
"He wouldn't study, so he failed the class."
1072
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
62:12
"He wouldn't regularly study," this is something that regularly happened, "so he failed the
1073
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6070
ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซๅคฑๆ•—ใ—
62:18
class."
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1000
ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
62:19
Vanessa: I want to let you know that sometimes native speakers mix verb tenses.
1075
3739320
4009
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆททใœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:23
We might use the past simple plus a word that means habitually.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
62:28
So for example, you could say, "I swam in the ocean every day."
1077
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆตทใงๆณณใ„ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
62:32
"My teacher always gave us a quiz."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใŸใกใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
62:36
"He didn't ever study."
1079
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2660
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
62:38
These words "every day," "always," "ever," they mean habitually.
1080
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€ ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:43
It's something that happened regularly.
1081
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2389
ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
62:46
So if you want to just use the past simple, make sure that you add one of those words,
1082
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ1ใคใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹
62:50
or you could simply say, "He wouldn't study."
1083
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ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจๅ˜็ด”ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:53
"My teacher would give us a quiz."
1084
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็งใŸใกใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
62:56
"I would swim."
1085
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1100
ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
62:57
It already encapsulates that idea of something that happened regularly in the past.
1086
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใงใซ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒ—ใ‚ปใƒซๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:02
Vanessa: Question number six.
1087
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่ณชๅ•็•ชๅท6ใ€‚
63:03
Let's imagine that you're leaving the office to go to lunch with your international coworkers,
1088
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5270
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚น ใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆๅ›ฝ้š›็š„ใชๅŒๅƒšใจๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใซ่กŒใใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
63:09
and you know that it's raining outside.
1089
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1750
ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅค–ใง้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:10
We call that sprinkling, and you see that one of your coworkers isn't bringing her umbrella,
1090
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆฐดใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใฎไธ€ไบบใŒๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
63:17
so you want to tell her something politely.
1091
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซไธๅฏงใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:20
You could say, "I think it's sprinkling outside.
1092
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4641
ใ€Œๅค–ใซๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:25
You... bring your umbrella or you can share mine."
1093
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4190
ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็งใฎๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
63:29
"You could probably bring your umbrella."
1094
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
63:33
"You would probably bring your umbrella."
1095
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
63:37
"You should probably bring your umbrella."
1096
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3259
ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใในใใ ใ€
63:40
Which one of these is the best?
1097
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
63:43
Vanessa: Three, two, one.
1098
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2689
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
63:46
"You should probably bring your umbrella."
1099
3826609
3390
ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใในใใ ใ€
63:49
We already talked about how "should" is really strong.
1100
3829999
3671
ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ™ใงใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
63:53
So when we add the word "probably," it lessens the intensity.
1101
3833670
4379
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅผทๅบฆใŒไฝŽไธ‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
63:58
We use "should probably" to give polite advice.
1102
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ไธๅฏงใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:01
You don't want to say, "You should bring your umbrella."
1103
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2670
ใ€Œๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใในใใ ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ ใ€‚
64:04
Maybe a teacher might say that to a student or a parent might say that to a child.
1104
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5171
ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€่ฆชใฏๅญไพ›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
64:09
You're giving strong advice, but for your coworkers, you want to be a little more polite.
1105
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4309
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅŒๅƒšใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:13
So native speakers will often add these words to lessen the intensity and "probably" is
1106
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4921
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ— ใฆๅผทๅบฆใ‚’ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใ€ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใŒ
64:18
one of the most common.
1107
3858690
1230
ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
64:19
You could say, "We should probably make reservations at that restaurant because it's really busy."
1108
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6099
ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
64:26
Should probably.
1109
3866019
1000
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ†ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
64:27
Vanessa: Sentence number seven, "She didn't want to turn off her phone because she...
1110
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท7ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ...้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
64:34
get an important phone call."
1111
3874500
1990
ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
64:36
"She could get an important phone call," "She would get an important phone call," or, "She
1112
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7559
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ
64:44
should get an important phone call."
1113
3884049
2060
ใฏ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
64:46
Three, two, one.
1114
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2581
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
64:48
"She didn't want to turn off her phone because she could get an important phone call."
1115
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7139
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ
64:55
We use "could" to talk about possibilities in the future.
1116
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:59
She thinks that it's pretty likely that she will get a phone call, so she doesn't want
1117
3899990
4839
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
65:04
to turn off her phone.
1118
3904829
1361
ใ€‚
65:06
"It could rain on Sunday, so let's go hiking today."
1119
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4540
ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ€
65:10
It's a possibility that on Sunday, it could rain, so let's enjoy the outdoors today while
1120
3910730
5629
ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใพใ ๆ™ดใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ†ใกใซใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
65:16
it's still sunny.
1121
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1160
ใ€‚
65:17
I have an important note.
1122
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1590
้‡่ฆใชๆณจๆ„็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
65:19
You can substitute the word "might" in this sentence, and it has the exact same meaning.
1123
3919109
5141
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:24
Let's take a look at those two sentences again.
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1900
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
65:26
"She could get an important phone call."
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚ใ€
65:29
"She might get an important phone call."
1126
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้‡่ฆใช้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
65:31
"It could rain on Sunday."
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ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
65:34
"It might rain on Sunday."
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ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
65:36
You've got two choices and both of them are correct.
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2ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
65:39
Vanessa: Sentence number eight.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท8ใ€‚
65:40
This is the final sentence.
1131
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
65:42
"If I didn't have air conditioning in my house, it... be very hot."
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ใ€Œๅฎถใซใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
65:48
"It could be very hot."
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
65:52
"It would be very hot."
1134
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
65:55
"It should be very hot."
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ใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
65:58
Which one feels the most correct?
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1800
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
65:59
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
66:02
"If I didn't have air conditioning in my house, it would be very hot."
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ใ€Œๅฎถใซใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใŒใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
66:10
We often use "would" to talk about hypothetical situations.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆžถ็ฉบใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:14
These are imaginary things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
66:16
It's not real.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
66:18
It's not happening right now.
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ไปŠใฏ่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
66:19
It's hypothetical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
66:20
Sometimes these are impossible situations.
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
66:23
"If I were a cat, I would sleep a lot."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ็Œซใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅฏใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
66:27
It's not possible for me to become a cat.
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็งใŒ็Œซใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
66:30
This is hypothetical.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
66:32
It's imaginary, so we need to use "would."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:34
"I would sleep a lot," or you can use "would" for hypothetical situations that are not impossible,
1149
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ˆใ็œ ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใชใ„ไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใ
66:42
but they're just not happening right now, and that's what our sample sentence at the
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
66:46
beginning was.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
66:47
"If I didn't have AC, it would be very hot."
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
66:51
"The AC might break, and then I wouldn't have air conditioning, and it would be really hot."
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8429
ใ€ŒACใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใŒใชใใชใฃใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆš‘ใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
67:00
So here, this is hypothetical.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฎ่ชฌใงใ™ใ€‚
67:02
It's imaginary because it's not happening right now, but it's still possible.
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3770
ไปŠใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
67:06
It could happen in the future.
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1839
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
67:08
So we need to use "would."
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1581
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
67:09
It would be very hot.
1158
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1730
ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:11
Vanessa: How did you do on this quiz?
1159
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2060
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
67:13
Let me know in the comments what your score was.
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2260
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
67:15
But before we go, let's review all of these ways to use "could," "would," and "should."
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ€Œcouldใ€ใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:21
Could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
67:22
A suggestion, "You could go to a bar."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆๆกˆใ€‚
67:25
A polite request, "Could you help me?"
1164
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3079
ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธๅฏงใชใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
67:28
"Can" in the past, "When I was a child, I could play outside all day."
1165
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6141
ๆ˜”ใฏใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏ ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅค–ใง้Šในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
67:34
A possibility in the future, "It could rain tomorrow."
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3459
ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
67:38
Would.
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1851
ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
67:40
A polite request, "Would you help me?"
1168
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3200
ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธๅฏงใชใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
67:43
"Will" in the past, "When I lived near the beach, I would swim every day."
1169
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5619
ๆ˜”ใฏใ€Œใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซไฝใ‚“ ใงใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆณณใ„ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
67:49
A hypothetical situation, "If I ate fast-food every day, I would gain weight."
1170
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7461
ใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚‰ๅคชใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไปฎ่ชฌ ใ€‚
67:56
Should.
1171
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1370
ใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
67:57
Strong advice, "I should wake up earlier."
1172
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3229
ใ€Œๆ—ฉใ่ตทใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅผทใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
68:01
Polite advice, "You should probably call him."
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ไธๅฏงใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใ€‚
68:04
Now, I have a challenge for you.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:07
In the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€‚
68:08
Tell me, if I visited your city, where could I go to get a good view?
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ก—ใ‚’่จชใ‚Œ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ“ใง่‰ฏใ„ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ‚’็œบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
68:12
Give me a polite suggestion with "could," or you could use another modal verb to practice
1177
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ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธๅฏงใชๆๆกˆใ‚’ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
68:20
them.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:21
Vanessa: Today, we're going to talk about 15 advanced vocabulary words that you'll definitely
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใง ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹15ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
68:29
hear in daily conversation.
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ใ€‚
68:31
If you enjoyed my first advanced vocabulary quiz, you can watch it up here.
1181
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็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
68:36
If you haven't enjoyed it yet, watch out because you might see some of these words in this
1182
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ใพใ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
68:41
quiz as well.
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ใ€‚
68:42
I challenge you to test yourself.
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4122770
1490
็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:44
If there's a word that you don't know, write it down.
1185
4124260
2050
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ ใ€‚
68:46
Try to make your own sentence with it.
1186
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1940
ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
68:48
Read it out loud.
1187
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1000
ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
68:49
Try to repeat it so that it sticks in your memory.
1188
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2440
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซใจใฉใพใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
68:51
You'll have three seconds to guess each answer before I explain.
1189
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3470
ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ3็ง’ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
68:55
Let's get started.
1190
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1159
ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
68:56
Vanessa: Number one, "I don't know why it's taking so long to... the house across the
1191
4136319
5971
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€ใ€Œ้€šใ‚Šใฎ ๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใฎๅฎถใซใชใœใใ‚“ใชใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
69:02
street."
1192
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1000
ใ€‚ใ€
69:03
"I don't know why it's taking so long to renovate the house across the street."
1193
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4830
ใ€Œ้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถใฎใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซใชใœใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
69:08
"I don't know why it's taking so long to relegate the house across the street."
1194
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ใ€Œ้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใฎๅฎถใ‚’่งฃๆ”พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใชใœใใ‚“ใชใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
69:13
Which one is the correct answer?
1195
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
69:15
You have three seconds.
1196
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
69:17
Two, one.
1197
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1170
ไบŒใ€ไธ€ใ€‚
69:18
The correct answer is, "I don't know why it's taking so long to renovate the house across
1198
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œ้€šใ‚Šใฎ ๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใฎๅฎถใฎใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซใชใœใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„
69:26
the street."
1199
4166130
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ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
69:27
This is a true story.
1200
4167130
1320
ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
69:28
The house across the street has been getting renovated for minimum two years.
1201
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4939
้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ใฎๅฎถ ใฏๆœ€ไฝŽ2ๅนด้–“ๆ”น่ฃ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:33
Renovate means that they're fixing it up.
1202
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3160
ๆ”นไฟฎใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:36
There's already a house.
1203
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1270
ใ™ใงใซๅฎถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
69:37
They're not building a new house, but they've repainted it.
1204
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3270
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’ๅปบใฆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅก—ใ‚Š็›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:41
They put a new porch on it.
1205
4181089
2000
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒใƒผใƒใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:43
They painted it again.
1206
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1621
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ†ใณๆใ„ใŸใ€‚
69:44
They fixed up some of the outside of it.
1207
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2069
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใฎๅค–ๅดใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:46
They renovated the house.
1208
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1830
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎถใ‚’ๆ”น็ฏ‰ใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:48
We usually use this word in association with buildings or houses.
1209
4188609
4340
็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚„ๅฎถใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
69:52
That's most common way that you'll see it.
1210
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1561
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
69:54
Vanessa: Number two, "The worst bosses will... everything that you do."
1211
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ2ใซใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏ... ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
69:59
"The worst bosses will subjugate everything that you do," or, "The worst bosses will scrutinize
1212
4199389
8031
ใ€Œๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅพๆœใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏ
70:07
everything that you do?"
1213
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ฒพๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
70:11
Which one is the correct answer?
1214
4211930
3170
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
70:15
Three, two, one.
1215
4215100
1000
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
70:16
"The worst bosses will scrutinize everything that you do."
1216
4216100
4820
ใ€Œๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’็ฒพๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
70:20
This beautiful word "scrutinize" means to look carefully at something, but it's not
1217
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5960
ใ“ใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€Œ็ฒพๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
70:26
just looking carefully.
1218
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1049
ๅ˜ใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๆฅญ
70:27
It's a good idea to look carefully at what your employees are doing, but this often means
1219
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5641
ๅ“กใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
70:33
critically or negatively.
1220
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ๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:35
They're scrutinizing.
1221
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ฒพๆŸปใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:36
They're picking apart every little detail of what you do.
1222
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ็ดฐ้ƒจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใƒใƒฉใƒใƒฉใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:40
If you've had a boss like this, you know how annoying it is.
1223
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3170
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไธŠๅธใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:44
The worst bosses scrutinize every little thing.
1224
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ๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎใƒœใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใ“ใจใ‚’็ฒพๆŸปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:46
They don't trust their employees at all.
1225
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1899
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใไฟก็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
70:48
They scrutinize their employees.
1226
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ‚’็ฒพๆŸปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
70:50
Vanessa: Number three, "Have you ever had a... friend who just won't go home even though
1227
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6230
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ3ใซใ€ใ€ŒใŠ็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใฆใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๆญฏใ‚’็ฃจใ„ใŸ ใฎใซใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
70:56
you've already done the dishes and brushed your teeth for bed?"
1228
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3180
ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
70:59
"Have you ever had a chatty friend who just won't go home?"
1229
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3890
ใ€Œ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใชๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
71:03
"Have you ever had a clingy friend who just won't go home?"
1230
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ใ€Œ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ—ใคใ“ใ„ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
71:08
Which is the best word, chatty, or clingy?
1231
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ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸใฏใ—ใŒใฟใคใใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
71:11
Three, two, one.
1232
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
71:14
"Have you ever had a clingy friend who just won't go home no matter what you do?"
1233
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ใ€Œ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ—ใคใ“ใ„ๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
71:20
Clingy is a beautiful adjective, and it means stuck like glue, usually in a negative way.
1234
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Clingyใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€้€šๅธธใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ๆŽฅ็€ๅ‰คใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:27
When we're talking about a person, it means that you want them to go away, but they just
1235
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็งใŸใกใŒไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŽปใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ 
71:31
won't go away.
1236
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ๅŽปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:32
So we could say that she is a clingy person.
1237
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ—ใŒใฟใคใไบบใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
71:35
She's always with you.
1238
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚
71:36
"How are you doing?
1239
4296889
1000
ใ€ŒใŠ
71:37
What are you doing?
1240
4297889
1000
ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
71:38
Can I get together?
1241
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1000
๏ผŸไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‰
71:39
Can I come to your house today?"
1242
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1000
ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใซๆฅใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
71:40
Then, she won't leave.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:41
She's clingy.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ—ใŒใฟใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:42
We could also talk about items being clingy.
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ใ—ใŒใฟใคใใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
71:45
Maybe the skirt was clinging to her tights.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ„ใซใ—ใŒใฟใคใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:49
It was a clingy skirt.
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ใ—ใชใ‚„ใ‹ใชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:51
It's sticky, and it's annoying when it's a skirt, but it's not always a negative thing.
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ใƒ™ใ‚ฟใƒ™ใ‚ฟใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใ ใจ้ขๅ€’ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:56
Maybe the cling wrap or we call this sometimes plastic wrap is clingy.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ—ใŒใฟใคใใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใพใŸใฏ็ง้”ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€… ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใŒใ—ใŒใฟใคใใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
72:01
It sticks to the bowl, and that's exactly what you want.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒœใ‚ฆใƒซใซใใฃใคใใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ ใพใ•ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
72:04
So it means sticking.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:05
Vanessa: Number four, "When someone is driving poorly, I wonder if honking will... the problem
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ4ใซใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้‹่ปขใŒ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใจใใ€่ญฆ็ฌ›ใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใงๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†
72:11
or help."
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ใ‹ใ€
72:13
"I wonder if honking will exacerbate the problem or help."
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ใ€Œ่ญฆ็ฌ›ใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใงๅ•้กŒใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
72:17
"I wonder if honking will examine the problem or help."
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ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ชฟๆŸปใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ใ€
72:20
I'll give you three seconds.
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:24
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
72:27
We have a clue in this sentence because we have the word "or help."
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ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Š ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:32
We know that the keyword we're looking for is the opposite of help.
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็งใŸใกใŒๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ—ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:36
If you're taking an English exam, this is great to look for these keywords.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
72:40
We have our word that we're going to talk about in just a second "or help," so it needs
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ใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€็žฌใฎใ€ŒใพใŸใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใ€ใง่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œ
72:44
to be the opposite of help.
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ใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:46
"Sometimes when I see poor driving, I wonder if honking my horn will exacerbate the problem
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ใ€Œๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€้‹่ปขใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใจๅ•้กŒใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„
72:53
or help."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
72:55
Can you guess what the word exacerbate means?
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ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
72:57
Vanessa: It means make it worse.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:00
It's not helping.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ€‚
73:01
Sometimes when someone cuts in front of me and I honk my horn, I wonder if they will
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎๅ‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃ ใฆใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
73:07
drive correctly or if it will just scare them, and all of a sudden, they'll drive even worse.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใŸใ ๆ€–ใŒใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใ‹ใจๆ€ใ† ใจใ€็ช็„ถใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
73:13
So sometimes I wonder this to myself.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:15
It happened last week that someone cut in front of me, and I honked my horn.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎๅ‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Š ใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
73:19
They got in the correct lane, and it was fine.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„่ปŠ็ทšใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
73:22
But sometimes I'm worried that when I honk my horn, it will exacerbate the problem, make
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹
73:28
it worse because that person will just be surprised and then veer off the road.
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎไบบใฏใŸใ  ้ฉšใ„ใฆใ€้“ใ‚’ๅค–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
73:33
Vanessa: Number five, "I'm usually... when I walk alone at night."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš5็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚... ๅคœไธ€ไบบใงๆญฉใใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
73:38
"I'm usually wary when I walk alone at night," or, "I'm usually wiry when I walk alone at
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ใ€Œๅคœไธ€ไบบใงๆญฉใใจใใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่ญฆๆˆ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅคœไธ€ไบบใงๆญฉใใจใใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒ็‹‚ใ†ใฎ
73:44
night?"
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๏ผŸใ€
73:45
There's only one difference between these two words and that's the vowel.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ1ใคใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
73:48
Which one is it?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:50
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
73:52
"I'm usually wary when I walk alone at night," and this just means careful, cautious.
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ใ€Œๅคœไธ€ไบบใงๆญฉใใจใใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็”จๅฟƒๆทฑใ„ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใใ€็”จๅฟƒๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
74:00
I'm usually wary.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธ่ญฆๆˆ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
74:02
I look around me.
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ๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ›žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎ‰ๅ…จ
74:03
I try to stay alert because I want to stay safe.
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ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€่ญฆๆˆ’ใ‚’ๆ€ ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคœไธ€ไบบใงๆญฉใใจใ
74:06
I'm usually wary, cautious of my surroundings when I walk alone at night.
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ใฏใ€ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆๅ‘จๅ›ฒ ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
74:12
Make sure that you pronounce this word correctly, "Wary."
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ŒWaryใ€ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
74:16
It sounds like "wear."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็€ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
74:17
"I'm wearing clothes."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
74:19
"Wear," and then you just add E at the end.
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ใ€Œ็€็”จใ€ใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซEใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
74:22
"Wary."
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"่ญฆๆˆ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚"
74:23
Vanessa: If you're in the Fearless Fluency Club, you already know this word because we
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚นใƒ•ใƒซใƒผใ‚จใƒณใ‚ทใƒผ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ•ฐใƒถๆœˆๅ‰ใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
74:26
talked about it a couple of months ago.
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ใ€‚
74:27
If you're not in the Fearless Fluency Club, you can click up here to learn more with me
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Fearless Fluency Clubใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆๆฏŽๆœˆ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
74:31
every month and learn great vocabulary expressions like the ones in this lesson.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
74:35
Vanessa: Number six, "I was surprised that she was... about doing the dishes because
1295
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš6็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใ€Œ
74:41
she seemed so put together in her life."
1296
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไบบ็”Ÿใงใจใฆใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ...้ฉšใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚
74:45
"I was surprised that she was... about the dishes."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ...ๆ–™็†ใซใคใ„ใฆใ ใฃใŸใฎใซใฏ้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
74:49
"I was surprised that she was testy about doing the dishes."
1298
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4289
ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่พ›ๆŠฑๅผทใใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใซ็งใฏ้ฉšใ„ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
74:53
"I was surprised that she was negligent about doing the dishes."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใซ็งใฏ้ฉšใ„ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
74:58
In this sentence, maybe you don't know what put together meets.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
75:04
That's going to be a key element here, but we can imagine in our heads something that
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้ ญใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
75:08
is put together.
1302
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:09
When you have a puzzle and it's put together, it means it's completed.
1303
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:14
It's finished.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:15
It looks nice.
1305
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่‰ฏใ„ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
75:16
So we can piece together the rest of that sentence to guess what our keyword is here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
75:22
Let me tell you in three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใงใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
75:25
"I was surprised she was negligent about doing the dishes."
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ€ ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใฏ้ฉšใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
75:31
Negligent.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆฐ—ใฎใชใ„ใ€‚
75:32
What does this word sound like?
1310
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2080
ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
75:34
Do you know the word neglect?
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ใƒใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
75:37
This means that you're forgetting something.
1312
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:39
If you were neglected as a child.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใจใ—ใฆ็„ก่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
75:42
This means that your parents didn't pay attention to you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธก่ฆชใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:45
They forgot you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:46
They ignored you.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:47
Vanessa: We can imagine that for the dishes that she was negligent about the dishes.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ–™็†ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ€ ๆ…ขใ ใฃใŸๆ–™็†ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
75:53
The word "negligent" means that you often forget important tasks.
1318
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ใ€Œ้Žๅคฑใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ้‡่ฆใชไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:58
In this situation, we have someone who is put together.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:01
They're organized.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:02
It seems like they always know what's going on.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:05
They're never confused, or worried, or uncertain.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๆททไนฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธ็ขบใ‹ใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
76:08
They are put together, but surprisingly, she is negligent about the dishes.
1323
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏๆ–™็†ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ€ ๆ…ขใงใ™ใ€‚
76:13
She has tons of dishes in her sink.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆตใ—ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็šฟใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:14
We can say that she often forgets important tasks.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้‡่ฆใชไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŒใกใ ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:18
She is negligent.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ€ ๆ…ขใงใ™ใ€‚
76:19
Vanessa: Number seven, "We rented a... house in the English countryside."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš7็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใก ใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซ...ๅฎถใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
76:24
"We rented up quaint house in the English countryside," or, "We rented a tactful house
1328
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ใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซๅค้ขจใช่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซๅทงๅฆ™ใชๅฎถใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸ
76:31
in the English countryside?"
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๏ผŸใ€
76:32
Which of these words feels the most correct?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
76:36
I'll give you three seconds.
1331
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:37
Three, two, one.
1332
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
76:39
"We rented a quaint house in the English countryside."
1333
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ใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซ่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
76:44
The word "quaint" means cute in an old-fashioned way, so it makes us think about simple times
1334
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ใ€Œๅค้ขจใช่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๆ˜”ใชใŒใ‚‰ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใจใ„ใ† ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใงใ€ๆ˜”ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
76:53
a long time ago.
1335
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1590
ใ€‚
76:54
Maybe our grandparents or hundreds and hundreds of years ago.
1336
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3690
ๅคšๅˆ†็งใŸใกใฎ็ฅ–็ˆถๆฏใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐ ็™พๅนดๅ‰ใ€‚
76:58
This beautiful, cute, little house.
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ใ“ใฎ็พŽใ—ใใฆใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅฎถใ€‚
77:01
This is something that seems typical in the English countryside.
1338
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฏๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:03
There are quaint houses.
1339
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่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
77:05
This is a stereotype, but you can use that word "quaint" to talk about somewhere that
1340
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ›บๅฎš่ฆณๅฟตใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
77:09
you went on vacation.
1341
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ใ€ไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใฃใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
77:10
"Oh, I love this little village.
1342
4630980
1540
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆ‘ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™
77:12
It's so quaint.
1343
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ใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่ถฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
77:13
It's cute."
1344
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1000
ใ€‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
77:14
Vanessa: Number eight, "I often wish that architecture in the US was more... pleasing."
1345
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ฌฌ8ใซใ€ใ€Œ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ...ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
77:20
"I often wish that architecture in the US was more discreetly pleasing," or, "I often
1346
4640520
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ…Ž้‡ใซๅ–œใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
77:27
wish that architecture in the US was more aesthetically pleasing?"
1347
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4400
ใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š ็พŽ็š„ใซๅ–œใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
77:31
Which of these two words is correct?
1348
4651680
1130
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
77:32
Three, two, one.
1349
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1000
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
77:33
The answer is, "I often wish that architecture in the US was more aesthetically pleasing."
1350
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š็พŽ็š„ใซๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:42
Aesthetically means something to do with a beauty.
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็พŽ็š„ใซใฏ็พŽใ—ใ•ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
77:45
"Oh, it's so aesthetically pleasing to see quaint old houses," or if you've ever visited
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅค้ขจใช่ถฃใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคใ„ๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽ็š„ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
77:51
Europe and you've seen those beautiful buildings that have existed for hundreds of years, it
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ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•็™พๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œ
77:56
is aesthetically pleasing.
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ใฏ็พŽ็š„ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:58
That means it's pleasing to your eyes.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใซๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:59
It looks beautiful.
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ใใ‚Œใ„ใใ†ใ€‚
78:01
"All those colors together in your dress are so aesthetically pleasing."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‰ฒใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽ็š„ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
78:05
Vanessa: We often use those two words together as "aesthetically pleasing."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚’ใ€Œ็พŽ็š„ใซๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:09
But on the other hand, architecture in the US isn't really known for being aesthetically
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไธ€ๆ–นใงใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ใฏ็พŽ็š„ใซๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
78:14
pleasing.
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ใ€‚
78:15
Unless you go to some older areas of New York, most places in the US just look like this.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใฎๅคใ„ๅœฐๅŸŸใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„้™ใ‚Š ใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
78:20
Just some big box stores with big parking lots.
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ๅคงใใช้ง่ปŠๅ ดใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅคงใใชใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ข ใ€‚
78:23
Some downtown areas are cute, but in general, architecture in the US is not so aesthetically
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็น่ฏ่ก—ใฎไธญใซใฏใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใซใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ็พŽ็š„ใซใฏ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใฎใง
78:29
pleasing, and I wish it was.
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ใ€ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:30
Vanessa: Number nine.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš9็•ชใ€‚
78:31
I'm sure this is not you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใชใ„ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:33
"Sometimes people can be rude online because it's easy to be..."
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใฏใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
78:38
"Sometimes people can be rude online because it's easy to be anonymous," or, "Sometimes
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ๅคฑ็คผใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...ใ€ใ€ŒๅŒฟๅใซใชใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๅคฑ็คผใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๅŒๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œ
78:44
people can be rude online because it's easy to be assimilated?"
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ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๅคฑ็คผใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
78:48
Which of these two words is correct?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
78:50
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
78:53
Sometimes, unfortunately, people can be rude online because it's easy to be anonymous.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅŒฟๅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๅคฑ็คผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
78:59
Anonymous.
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ๅŒฟๅใ€‚
79:01
This means that your identity is hidden.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒ้š ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:04
Maybe you just have a screen name, nobody knows who you are.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
79:08
You can say whatever you want, so it's easy to be rude online.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๅคฑ็คผใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰
79:11
Did you recognize this word "assimilated" from the first vocabulary test?
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ใ€ŒๅŒๅŒ–ใ€ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
79:15
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
79:16
If not, make sure you go watch it.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใš่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
79:17
Vanessa: Number 10, "Do you think that social media... content that you see?"
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš10็•ชใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข...ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
79:23
"Do you think that social media censors content that you see?" or, "Do you think that social
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ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆคœ้–ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ
79:28
media subtracts content that you see?"
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ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
79:31
Which one is correct?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹๏ผŸ
79:33
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
79:34
"Do you think that social media censors content that you see?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆคœ้–ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
79:40
The word "sensor" means hide something that's unacceptable.
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ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้š ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:46
Maybe for a music album, they might say, "Censored," or, "Explicit," and this helps parents to
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ใŸใถใ‚“้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚ขใƒซใƒใƒ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œๆคœ้–ฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ˜Ž็คบ็š„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธก่ฆชใŒ
79:54
know, "Uh, I don't want my five-year-old to listen to this music because there is something
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง็งใฎ5ๆญณใฎๅญไพ›ใซใ“ใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ‹ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใจ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
80:00
in here that needs to be blocked.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
80:02
But when it comes to social media, maybe the people who run social media are blocking certain
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
80:08
things so that we don't see it.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:09
This is a controversial opinion, and I don't really know what I think about it.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ่ญฐใ‚’้†ธใ™ๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใซใฏ ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
80:13
I don't really think much about it often, but I want to know for you.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
80:17
Do you think that social media censors the content that we see?
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆคœ้–ฒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
80:22
Let me know on the comments below and use the word "sensor."
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
80:25
Vanessa: Number 11, "The mother gave an... sigh when her son got in trouble at school
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4825030
6250
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš11็•ชใ€ใ€Œ ๆฏๅญใŒๅญฆๆ กใงๅ†ใณๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใฏใŸใ‚ๆฏใ‚’ใคใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใ€ŒๆฏๅญใŒๅญฆๆ กใงๅ†ใณๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸ
80:31
again."
1397
4831280
1000
80:32
"The mother gave an angelic sigh when her son got in trouble at school again," or, "The
1398
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4710
ใจใใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใฏๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใŸใ‚ๆฏใ‚’ ใคใ„ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
80:36
mother gave an exasperated sigh when her son got in trouble at school again?"
1399
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4959
ๆฏ่ฆชใฏ ๆฏๅญใŒๅญฆๆ กใงๅ†ใณๅ›ฐใฃใŸใจใใซๆ†คๆ…จใ—ใŸใŸใ‚ๆฏใ‚’ ใคใ„ใŸใฎใ‹๏ผŸใ€
80:41
Is it angelic or exasperated?
1400
4841949
3011
ใใ‚Œใฏๅคฉไฝฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ†คๆ…จใ—ใŸใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
80:44
Three, two, one.
1401
4844960
3779
80:48
"The mother gave an exasperated, ugh, sigh when her son got in trouble at school again."
1402
4848739
8161
ๅญฆๆ กใงใพใŸใ€‚ใ€
80:56
Does this word sound familiar?
1403
4856900
1670
ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใŠใชใ˜ใฟใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅๅ‰
80:58
Does it sound like a word we talked about previously?
1404
4858570
3779
ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
81:02
Exacerbate.
1405
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1261
ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
81:03
Oh, it's not the same word.
1406
4863610
2529
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
81:06
One word has a B, exacerbate.
1407
4866139
2881
1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซBใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:09
This means to make something worse.
1408
4869020
1400
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:10
"If I honk my horn, will it exacerbate the problem?" or in our sample sentence here,
1409
4870420
6340
ใ€Œใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅ•้กŒใฏๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡
81:16
we have a mother who's frustrated.
1410
4876760
2410
ใซใฏใ€ๆฌฒๆฑ‚ไธๆบ€ใฎๆฏ่ฆชใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:19
That's what the word "exasperate" with a P means, frustrated.
1411
4879170
3690
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Pใงใ€Œๆ†คๆ…จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:22
"Oh, son, why are you getting in trouble at school again?"
1412
4882860
4799
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆฏๅญใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใพใŸๅญฆๆ กใงๅ›ฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ๏ผŸใ€
81:27
Exasperated.
1413
4887659
1261
ๆ†คๆ…จใ—ใŸใ€‚
81:28
"Ah."
1414
4888920
1250
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€
81:30
The word "exasperate" means to breathe out, so we can imagine the mother going, "Ugh,
1415
4890170
6200
ใ€Œๆ†คๆ…จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆฏใ‚’ๅใๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใŒใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€
81:36
why are you in trouble again?
1416
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2820
ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใพใŸๅ›ฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
81:39
Ah."
1417
4899190
1000
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
81:40
She's exasperated.
1418
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1000
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ†คๆ…จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
81:41
She's blowing air out.
1419
4901190
1290
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅนใ้ฃ›ใฐใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
81:42
She's frustrated.
1420
4902480
1000
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฌฒๆฑ‚ไธๆบ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
81:43
Vanessa: Number 12, "Even though he tries to be... he still can't pay his bills."
1421
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5800
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš12็•ชใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆ ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚...ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๅฝผใฎๆ‰‹ๅฝขใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
81:49
"Even though he tries to be fair, he still can't pay his bills," or, "Even though he
1422
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5910
ใ€Œๅ…ฌๅนณใ‚’ๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ๆ‰‹ๅฝขใ‚’ๆ‰•ใˆใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œ
81:55
tries to be frugal, he still can't pay his bills?"
1423
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3570
่ณช็ด ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ‰‹ๅฝขใ‚’ๆ‰•ใˆใชใ„ใฎ ใ‹ใ€ใ€‚
81:58
Which one of these two F words is correct?
1424
4918760
1990
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎFใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
82:00
Fair or frugal?
1425
4920750
1840
ๅ…ฌๅนณใ‹่ณช็ด ใ‹๏ผŸ
82:02
Three, two, one.
1426
4922590
2569
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
82:05
"Even though he tries to be frugal, he still can't pay his bills."
1427
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5141
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ณช็ด ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ๅฝผใฎๆ‰‹ๅฝขใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
82:10
The word "frugal" means careful with your money.
1428
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4250
ใ€Œ่ณช็ด ใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ้‡‘ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
82:14
It's generally a positive thing.
1429
4934550
2089
ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅ‰ๅ‘ใใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
82:16
If you want to use it in a negative way, you can say stingy.
1430
4936639
3571
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ‘ใกใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
82:20
This means that he never gives money to other people.
1431
4940210
2259
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒไป–ใฎไบบใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆไธŽใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
82:22
He never helps other people.
1432
4942469
1491
ๅฝผใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆไป–ใฎไบบใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
82:23
He just uses his money for himself.
1433
4943960
1650
ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
82:25
Vanessa: But if you want to say it in a positive way, he's just careful about spending his
1434
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5030
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‰ๅ‘ใใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๅฝผใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
82:30
money.
1435
4950640
1000
ใงใ™ใ€‚
82:31
He wants to make sure that it goes to the correct places, to the best people.
1436
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3840
ๅฝผใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎไบบใ€…ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
82:35
You can say frugal.
1437
4955480
1860
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณช็ด ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
82:37
This is a term that has often been used to talk about me.
1438
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3160
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็”จ่ชž ใงใ™ใ€‚
82:40
I'm a frugal person.
1439
4960500
2020
็งใฏ่ณช็ด ใชไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
82:42
That means that I'm careful with my money.
1440
4962520
2340
ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
82:44
If I give money to someone else, I just want to make sure that it's used in the way that
1441
4964860
4520
็งใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ† ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
82:49
they say it will be used.
1442
4969380
1370
ใ€‚
82:50
I don't have problems donating, but I just want to make sure that it's in the best way,
1443
4970750
5130
ๅฏ„ไป˜ใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฏ„ไป˜ใ—ใŸใ„
82:55
so I'm careful with my money.
1444
4975880
1840
ใฎใงใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใซใฏๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
82:57
I'm frugal.
1445
4977720
1000
็งใฏ่ณช็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚
82:58
Vanessa: Number 13, "I could see the... anger on his face by looking at his eyes."
1446
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6070
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš13็•ชใ€ใ€Œ ๅฝผใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใฎ้ก”ใซ...ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ€
83:04
"I could see the subtle anger on his face by looking at his eyes," or, "I could see
1447
4984790
6730
ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผใฎ้ก”ใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใชๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็›ฎ
83:11
this sappy anger on his face by looking at his eyes?"
1448
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4159
ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผใฎ้ก”ใซใ“ใฎ็”Ÿๆ„ๆฐ—ใชๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใฎ ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
83:15
Is it subtle or sappy?
1449
4995679
2170
ใใ‚Œใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅนธ็ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
83:17
Three, two, one.
1450
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2551
3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
83:20
"I could see the subtle anger on his face by looking at his eyes."
1451
5000400
6380
ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใฎ้ก”ใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใชๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
83:26
The word "subtle" means not obvious.
1452
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3560
ใ€Œๅพฎๅฆ™ใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆ˜Ž็™ฝใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
83:30
Maybe it's a little bit hidden.
1453
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2060
ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้š ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
83:32
You have to look carefully at his eyes to see his anger.
1454
5012400
3170
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใฎ็›ฎใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
83:35
It's subtle.
1455
5015570
1890
ๅพฎๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชž
83:37
Do you notice something strange about the pronunciation of this word?
1456
5017460
2850
ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซไฝ•ใ‹ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
83:40
There is a B, but it sounds like a D, "subtle, subtle."
1457
5020310
5860
BใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€Dใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅพฎๅฆ™ใ€ๅพฎๅฆ™ใ€ใ€‚
83:46
If you want some more information about how to pronounce the word "subtle," I made a video
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ใ€Œๅพฎๅฆ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
83:50
about some of the most difficult words to pronounce up here, and one of those words
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้ŸณใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใŒ
83:54
is the word "subtle."
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ใ€Œๅพฎๅฆ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
83:55
So click on that video so that you can get some more details about its pronunciation.
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ใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
83:58
Vanessa: Number 14, "My baby is the cutest baby in the whole world, but of course, I'm..."
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš14็•ชใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏ ๅ…จไธ–็•Œใงไธ€็•ชใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ...ใ€
84:05
"But of course I'm biased?"
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็งใฏๅ่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
84:07
"But of course, I'm biased?"
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ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏๅ่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
84:10
Which of these B words is the correct word?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎBใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
84:13
Well, we could say in three, two, one, "My baby is the cutest baby in the whole world,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๅ…จไธ–็•Œใงไธ€็•ชใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“
84:20
but I guess I'm biased."
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ3ใ€2ใ€1ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
84:22
Biased.
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ๅใฃใŸใ€‚
84:24
The word "bias" has a specific meaning, and in fact, we use this word a lot in daily conversation.
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:29
It means that you have a previous notion that affects how you feel about other things.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ไปฅๅ‰ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:36
My baby is my child, so I'm going to have a different opinion than someone who doesn't
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็งใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏ็งใฎๅญไพ›ใชใฎใงใ€็งใฎๅญไพ›ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ ใชใ„ไบบใจใฏ้•ใ†ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
84:42
know my child.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:44
Of course, all of my feelings about my child are going to be biased.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฎๅญไพ›ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฏ ใ™ในใฆๅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:48
They're going to be affected by some previous idea.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
84:51
Vanessa: I want to take a look at a quick cartoon so that you can get another example
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œใƒใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆผซ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
84:56
for the word "bias."
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ใ€‚
84:57
Here we see a courtroom, and there is a lady who's being accused of being a witch.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆณ•ๅปท ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ญ”ๅฅณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ้ž้›ฃใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:02
She says, "It makes no difference, what I say.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏไฝ•ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
85:05
You've already decided that I'm guilty."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒๆœ‰็ฝชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใงใซๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:08
This man had a previous notion that she is a witch.
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ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้ญ”ๅฅณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไปฅๅ‰ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
85:11
She's guilty.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ‰็ฝชใงใ™ใ€‚
85:12
It doesn't matter what she says.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
85:14
He's going to continue to think that she's guilty, and the man here, he says something
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ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆœ‰็ฝชใ ใจ่€ƒใˆ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใฎ็”ท
85:20
that reaffirms his belief.
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ใฏๅฝผใฎไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ๅ†็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:22
"Ugh, gasp.
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใˆใŽใ€‚
85:23
Witches can read minds.
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้ญ”ๅฅณใฏๅฟƒใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
85:25
She is a witch."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ญ”ๅฅณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
85:27
He's just reaffirming what he already thinks, which also affirms what she thinks.
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใ™ใงใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ†็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚‚็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:31
Here, this man is biased.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏๅ่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:33
He has a previous notion that's affecting how he's currently behaving.
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ๅฝผใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฝผใฎ็พๅœจใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:36
Vanessa: Number 15, our final question.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš15็•ชใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
85:38
This is a question that I often get a lot actually.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ˆใๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
85:42
"How did you learn how to teach?"
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ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
85:45
I might say, "It's just...
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็งใฏใ€Œใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ...็งใฏๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
85:48
I guess."
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ใ€‚
85:49
"It's just intuitive, I guess," or, "It's just oblivious, I guess?"
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ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ ใŸใ ๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
85:55
Which one of these two words is correct, intuitive or oblivious?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ€็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€‚
85:59
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
86:01
"How did you learn how to teach, Vanessa?"
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ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผŸใ€
86:05
"Well, it's just intuitive, I guess."
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
86:08
Intuitive means that it came naturally for me.
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็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใซใจใฃใฆ่‡ช็„ถใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
86:12
It's something that was already within me and it came out.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใงใซ็งใฎไธญใซใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
86:15
This is just partially true because I also did try to channel some good teachers that
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็งใฏใพใŸ ใ€
86:20
I've had and tried to emulate them, but we can say here it's intuitive.
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็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’ๅฐŽใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚จใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
86:24
It came from within me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
86:26
Well, what about that other word, oblivious?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
86:30
Do you recognize this word from the first vocabulary test?
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
86:32
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
86:33
If not, make sure you check out that video.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใšใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
86:36
Oblivious and intuitive or not the same thing.
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ๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใšใ€็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:38
We could say that.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
86:39
"Well, I guess my teaching was just intuitive.
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€็งใฎๆ•™ใˆใฏ็›ดๆ„Ÿ็š„
86:42
I just knew it within my mind without having to study."
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ใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€้ ญใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
86:46
Vanessa: How did you do on this test?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
86:48
Let me know in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
86:49
What was your final score?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
86:50
Also, I have a challenge for you.
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
86:52
Try to make a sentence with one of these new vocabulary words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใฎ1ใคใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
86:56
Use it in a sentence correctly and read it out loud so that you can test your speaking
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใงๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€่ชญใฟไธŠใ’ใฆ ใ€่ฉฑใ™็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
87:00
muscles, and also, try to ingrain it in your memory as easily as...
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ใพใŸใ€ๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆŸ“ใฟ่พผใพใ›ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ...
87:01
Vanessa: Your speaking muscles and also try to ingrain it in your memory as easily as
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš่ฉฑใ™็ญ‹่‚‰ใจ ใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆŸ“ใฟ่พผใพใ›ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
87:04
possible.
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ใ€‚
87:05
Vanessa: Today, I have a fun grammar test for you.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:11
Fun?
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
87:12
Grammar?
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•๏ผŸ
87:13
Test?
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ๏ผŸ
87:14
Is it possible?
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ๅ‡บๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
87:15
Yes, it's definitely possible.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
87:16
Just watch it and see.
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ใŸใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
87:17
Vanessa: In this lesson, you'll learn seven common English grammar mistakes and how to
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€7ใคใฎ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใจใใฎไฟฎๆญฃๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
87:21
fix them, but the trick is you have to guess what the mistake is.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ง˜่จฃใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
87:27
Fun.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€‚
87:28
I'm going to show you seven sentences and you need to find one change in each sentence.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ7ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็คบใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ„ๆ–‡ใง1ใคใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:33
Maybe that's taking something out, maybe that's adding something, maybe it's exchanging something.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไบคๆ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
87:40
Let's take a look at a quick example.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
87:42
This sentence, I love dog.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ€็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
87:44
There's one mistake here, can you guess what it is?
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ใ“ใ“ใซ1ใคใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
87:47
What do we need to change to make this beautifully correct?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็พŽใ—ใๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
87:50
Well, we need to say I love dogs.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:54
You need to add an S at the end.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซSใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:57
This is a pretty simple example, so are you ready for some more advanced grammar sentences?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชไพ‹ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ–‡ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:02
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
88:03
Vanessa: Let's imagine that we're in a coffee shop together, drinking some coffee.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŸใกใŒ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใซใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
88:07
Well, maybe that's not such a good idea because if I had a cup of coffee, I would be running
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŒไธ€ๆฏใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
88:12
around the coffee shop nonstop.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒŽใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใง่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
88:15
So how about this?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:16
I'm drinking some tea, you're drinking some coffee and we're having a lovely conversation
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็งใฏใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’
88:20
together and you say to me, "So, how's it been going lately?"
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ€ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:24
And I say, sentence number one, "I bought the new Ferrari yesterday."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:30
Oh, what's one thing that you can change in this sentence to make it correct?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:35
This sentence is not correct.
1551
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
88:36
There's something that's wrong with this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
88:39
Can you guess?
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ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:40
I'll give you three seconds.
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:42
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
88:45
Vanessa: I bought a new Ferrari yesterday.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ˜จๆ—ฅๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
88:51
You have this image in your head of us sitting in the coffee shop.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใซใ“ใฎ็”ปๅƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
88:55
Do you think that we're looking at the car right now?
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็งใŸใกใฏไปŠ่ปŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
88:58
No, we're just kind of imagining this car.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
89:02
It's not something specific, it's something unknown.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
89:05
So we need to use A. Maybe after we have our drinks, we go out to the parking lot and I
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ใชใฎใงใ€Aใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ๅพŒใ€้ง่ปŠๅ ดใซๅ‡บ
89:10
say, "This is the new Ferrari that I bought."
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ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่ฒทใฃใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
89:14
This is the new Ferrari.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใงใ™ใ€‚
89:17
We're looking at it, we know which one it is, it's right there, so we need to use the
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š
89:22
to talk about something known and A for something that's less known.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใฏAใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
89:27
Vanessa: Test sentence number two.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆๆ–‡2ใ€‚
89:29
I wanted a Ferrari because it's too fast.
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้€Ÿใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
89:33
I wanted a Ferrari because it's too fast.
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้€Ÿใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
89:39
What's wrong in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
89:41
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
89:45
I wanted a Ferrari because it's really fast.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใฎใงใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
89:52
We only use too in negative situations.
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็Šถๆณใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
89:56
The coffee is too hot, I can't drink it.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใŒ็†ฑใ™ใŽใฆ้ฃฒใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
89:59
I'm too tired, I can't study.
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็–ฒใ‚Œใ™ใŽใฆๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
90:03
Maybe I could have said, "My old car was too slow."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅคใ„่ปŠใฏ้…ใ™ใŽใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
90:08
You can see here that in all of these situations, there's something negative.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
90:11
The coffee's too hot.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใŒ็†ฑใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
90:13
I'm too tired.
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็–ฒใ‚Œใ™ใŽใงใ™ใ€‚
90:14
The car is too slow.
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่ปŠใŒ้…ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
90:16
There's a problem in all of these sentences, so I probably want to fix it.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
90:21
And in this sentence with the Ferrari, I think that the Ferrari is really fast, so that's
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏ ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
90:27
why I want it.
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ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
90:28
If you're curious about some differences between too and so, I made a live lesson about this
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚้•ใ„ใŒ ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ๆ–นใฏใ€2ๅนดใปใฉๅ‰ใซใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€
90:33
a long time ago, about two years ago, and you can watch that video up here.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
90:37
Vanessa: All right, sentence number three.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ–‡็•ชๅท3ใงใ™ใ€‚
90:39
When I bought the car, it costs $300,000.
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็งใŒ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ30ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
90:47
When I bought the car, it costs $300,000.
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็งใŒ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ30ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
90:52
It's a lot of money.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
90:54
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
90:55
What is one thing that you can do to change in this sentence to make it correct?
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ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
91:00
Three two, one.
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ไธ‰ใ€ไบŒใ€ไธ€ใ€‚
91:04
When I bought the car, notice this is the past tense, bought the car, it costs?
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9600
็งใŒ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€่ปŠใ‚’ ่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฒป็”จใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
91:14
This is the present tense, we need to say it cost $300,000.
1593
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚30ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
91:20
The word cost is an irregular verb and often, these irregular verbs trip up or trick English
1594
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ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใคใพใšใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชž
91:27
learners, so we need to make sure that we use the proper past tense.
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ๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใ‚’ใ ใพใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
91:31
It cost $300,000.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ$ 300,000ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
91:33
Vanessa: Sentence number four, maybe after I told you how much the car cost, you say,
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท4ใ€ ๅคšๅˆ†็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ปŠใฎๅ€คๆฎตใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
91:41
"Huh, Vanessa, that's so much money.
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
91:43
Why would you do something like that?"
1599
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1940
ใชใœใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
91:45
And I say, "Well, I think I'm going eating rice and beans for a whole year."
1600
5505460
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ไธ€ๅนดไธญใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใซ่กŒใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅนดไธญ
91:53
I think I'm going eating rice and beans for a whole year.
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ใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใซ่กŒใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
91:58
This means, nothing fancy, nothing special, only rice and beans because I spent all my
1602
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ปŠใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆดพๆ‰‹ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ€ ใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ ใ‘
92:04
money on the car.
1603
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
92:06
What's the problem with this sentence?
1604
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
92:09
Three, two, one.
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅนดไธญ
92:13
I think I'm going to eat rice and beans for a whole year.
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ใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
92:20
Often, English learners have problems with ING and to.
1607
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใฏ INGใจtoใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
92:26
It depends on a lot of different factors, but specifically, for the verb going, when
1608
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ฆๅ› ใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ
92:31
we're talking about this in the future.
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ใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
92:33
I'm going to eat rice and beans.
1610
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4011
ใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
92:38
I'm going to study with Vanessa.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ตใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
92:41
I'm going to sleep soon.
1612
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใๅฏใพใ™ใ€‚
92:43
Well, we need to use to plus an unconjugated verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€้žๅ…ฑๅฝนๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
92:48
I'm going to study.
1614
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
92:49
I'm going to eat.
1615
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้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
92:51
I'm going to sleep.
1616
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1000
็งใฏๅฏใพใ™ใ€‚
92:52
Great.
1617
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
92:53
All right, let's go to the next one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใธ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
92:54
Vanessa: Number five.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš5็•ช็›ฎใ€‚
92:55
For my whole life, I always dreamed of owning a Ferrari.
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคข่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
93:01
For my whole life, I always dreamed of owning a Ferrari.
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคข่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
93:06
What's the problem in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:08
Can you guess?
1623
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ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:09
Do we need to add something?
1624
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:11
Take something away?
1625
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1000
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฅชใ†๏ผŸ
93:12
Switch something?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:13
I'll give you three seconds.
1627
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3็ง’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:15
Three, two, one.
1628
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
93:19
For my whole life, I had always dreamed of owning a Ferrari.
1629
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคข่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
93:26
Why did we add had here?
1630
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ใชใœใ“ใ“ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:30
This is the past perfect tense and I know it can be tricky for a lot of English learners.
1631
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:35
We use the past perfect tense to talk about something that was continuing for a long time
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ ้•ทใ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
93:41
in the past and now, it has stopped.
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ใ€ไปŠใฏๆญขใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:45
Do you know why my dream has stopped?
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ใชใœ็งใฎๅคขใŒๆญขใพใฃใŸใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
93:48
Oh, because it came true.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ็พใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
93:49
I own a Ferrari.
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็งใฏใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:50
Of course, this is a fake situation, just imaginary.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ ๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
93:54
Vanessa: But because this dream came true, well, we can say that it has stopped.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅคขใŒๅฎŸ็พใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆญขใพใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
94:00
So we need to make the sentence, for my whole life, I had always dreamed of owning a Ferrari,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธ€็”Ÿใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคข่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒ
94:09
and now, I do.
1640
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ใ€ไปŠใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
94:10
Now that dream has come true.
1641
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2449
ไปŠใ€ใใฎๅคขใฏๅฎŸ็พใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
94:13
If you'd like to learn more about how to use the past perfect tense or the future perfect
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†
94:18
tense, you can click on this live lesson that I made up here a long time ago.
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ๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็งใŒใšใฃใจๅ‰ใซใ“ใ“ใงไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ“ใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
94:22
There's one full lesson about the past perfect tense and one full lesson about the present
1644
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ† ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ1ใคใจใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ1ใคใ‚ใ‚Š
94:27
perfect tense.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
94:28
These can be tricky, so please take your time, be patient with yourself and study them and
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ ใฆ่พ›ๆŠฑๅผทใๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€
94:33
take some notes.
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ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
94:34
All right, let's go to the next sentence.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
94:35
Vanessa: Sentence number six.
1649
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท6ใ€‚
94:37
Not only is my Ferrari beautiful, but it is fun to drive.
1650
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
94:44
Not only is my Ferrari beautiful, but it is fun to drive.
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
94:49
How can we make this sentence better?Huh?
1652
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
94:51
Three two, one.
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ไธ‰ใ€ไบŒใ€ไธ€ใ€‚
94:56
Not only is my Ferrari beautiful, but it's also fun to drive.
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:06
We need to add the word also, and our key here is the first part of that sentence uses
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎ ใฏใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
95:11
not only, and then the second part needs but also.
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
95:16
This is an advanced phrase, not only, but also that's going to make your sentences more
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใชใใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ค‡้›‘ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
95:21
complex.
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ใ€‚
95:22
Instead of just saying simple sentences, my Ferrari's beautiful.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใฎ ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:26
It's fun to drive.
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้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:27
We can combine those with a beautiful advanced expression like this, not only is my Ferrari
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒช
95:32
beautiful, but it is also fun to drive.
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ใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็พŽใ—ใ„้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่กจ็พใจใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
95:35
We use not only, but also to give some more information about something, but it's really
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
95:41
to take it to a higher level, to kind of escalate something.
1664
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ซใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
95:46
Vanessa: So here, my Ferrari's beautiful.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€‚
95:48
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
95:49
But the next level is, oh, it's also fun to drive.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:53
On top of that, it is also fun to drive.
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ใใฎไธŠใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:56
So you might say, not only is this lesson useful, but it is also fun.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
96:05
I hope that this lesson is useful to you, but I hope it's not boring.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ้€€ๅฑˆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
96:09
I hope it's also fun.
1671
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
96:10
We're taking it to the next level.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
96:12
All right, let's go to the next one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใธ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
96:13
Vanessa: Sentence number seven.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ–‡็•ชๅท7ใ€‚
96:15
If I crashed the car, I will cry.
1675
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅขœ่ฝใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚‰ๆณฃใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:21
If I crashed the car, I will cry.
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅขœ่ฝใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚‰ๆณฃใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:23
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
96:24
Can you imagine this situation?
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
96:27
Spending so much money on a car and then crashing it?
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่ปŠใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ• ใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
96:30
And that's it.
1680
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ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
96:31
That would be terrible.
1681
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
96:32
All right.
1682
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡
96:33
Let's think about what is the best way to fix this sentence.
1683
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ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
96:37
Three, two, one.
1684
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3ใ€2ใ€1ใ€‚
96:40
This is a hypothetical, imaginary situation.
1685
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎๆžถ็ฉบใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
96:43
If you are listening to my quick little explanation, you might've guessed the correct answer.
1686
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็งใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
96:48
If I crashed the car, I would cry.
1687
5808409
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅขœ่ฝใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚‰ๆณฃใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:53
We use if plus would to talk about these imaginary, hypothetical situations.
1688
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆžถ็ฉบใฎๆžถ็ฉบใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
96:59
It's not happening right now, so we need to use would.
1689
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็พๅœจใฏ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€wouldใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:02
If you'd like to learn how to use would in other situations or some more in depth examples
1690
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ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฎwouldใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใชไพ‹ใ‚’
97:07
about it, make sure you check out another test I made, should, would and could, and
1691
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็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็งใŒ่กŒใฃใŸๅˆฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€shouldใ€wouldใ€couldใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
97:13
how do you use them correctly.
1692
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
97:15
How did you do on this test about my Ferrari?
1693
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใซใคใ„ใฆใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
97:17
I hope you enjoyed it.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
97:18
Now it's time to do a little review.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
97:20
Vanessa: Let's go back and read all of those sentences using the correct words that you
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆˆปใฃใฆใ€่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใซ็ขบ่ช ใงใใ‚‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ชญใฟใ€
97:24
can visually see it and also hear it one more time.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:27
I bought a new Ferrari yesterday.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
97:29
I wanted a Ferrari because it's really fast.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใฎใงใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
97:33
When I bought the car, it cost $300,000.
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็งใŒ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ30ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๏ผ‘ๅนด้–“ใฏ
97:38
I think I'm going to eat only rice and beans for one year.
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ใ”้ฃฏใจ่ฑ†ใ ใ‘ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
97:42
For my whole life, I had always dreamed of owning a Ferrari.
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคข่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
97:47
Not only is my Ferrari beautiful, but it's also fun to drive.
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็งใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
97:51
If I crashed the car, I think I would cry.
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅขœ่ฝใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚‰ๆณฃใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:55
How did you do on this test?
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ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
97:57
Let me know in the comments what your score was.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
98:00
Vanessa: Do you want to understand movies and TV shows and fast English speakers?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆ˜ ็”ป ใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ€ใใ—ใฆ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
98:08
Yes, of course you do, but there are countless reductions and linking in English that make
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎ ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒ
98:13
it difficult, so the best way to understand fast English conversations is to study fast
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ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผท
98:20
English conversations, and that's what we're going to do today.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
98:24
We're going to be listening to five quick English conversations and I'm going to give
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5ใคใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใ€
98:28
you three sentences for each conversation.
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ไผš่ฉฑใ”ใจใซ3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไผš่ฉฑใง
98:32
I want you to guess which sentence you hear in each conversation.
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ใฉใฎๆ–‡ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
98:38
If this exercise is too easy for you, then this is my challenge.
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ใ“ใฎๆผ”็ฟ’ใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
98:42
I challenge you to not look at the screen, but to try to write every single word that
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็”ป้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏ ใชใใ€ใใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‹ใ‚‰่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
98:47
you hear from that conversation.
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ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
98:49
This way, instead of listening for specific words that you already know will happen in
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใใฎ ไผš่ฉฑใงใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
98:54
that conversation that I give to you, you're going to be trying to write just from your
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
98:58
listening skills every word that you hear.
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่žใใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
99:01
Vanessa: These conversations that you're about to hear are all part of the 30-day listening
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่žใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไผš่ฉฑ ใฏใ™ในใฆ
99:06
challenge pack four, which is open now until December 31st.
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ใ€12ๆœˆ31ๆ—ฅใพใง้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹30ๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฏ4ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใฆ2020ๅนดใฎๆ–ฐๅนดใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
99:12
If you'd like to join hundreds of other English learners who are deciding to start the new
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ไป–ใฎไฝ•็™พไบบใ‚‚ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
99:17
year 2020 by improving your listening skills, great.
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ใ€ ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
99:21
You can click on the link up here or in the description to find out more about the listening
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ใ“ใ“ใพใŸใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใฆใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™
99:25
challenge.
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ใ€‚
99:26
Vanessa: Are you ready to listen to the first conversation?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆœ€ๅˆใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
99:29
I'm going to give you three sentences that I want you to listen for.
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่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’3ใคใ‚ใ’ ใพใ™ใ€‚
99:33
I want you to choose which one is going to be in the conversation.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒไผš่ฉฑใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
99:37
Let's take a look at those sentences.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
99:39
You didn't take it seriously.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
99:41
You didn't take in seriously.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
99:43
You didn't take on seriously.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
99:46
Let's listen to the conversation clip and I want you to choose, did you hear number
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ไผš่ฉฑใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้ธใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€1็•ชใ€2็•ชใ€ใพใŸใฏ3็•ชใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
99:50
one, two or three?
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99:52
All right, let's listen a couple of times to the clip.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
99:55
Dan: I had probably kind of poor work ethic.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŠดๅƒๅ€ซ็†ใŒ่ฒงๅผฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
99:58
Vanessa: Oh yeah?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
99:59
[Listen carefully!]
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[ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
100:00
Dan: But I didn't have to try very hard in high school.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผšใงใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆ กใงใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
100:02
Vanessa: As in you could do okay in high school?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš้ซ˜ๆ กใงๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
100:04
Dan: I didn't have to study that much to get by in my high school because my high school
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš้ซ˜ๆ กใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ซ˜ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€้ซ˜ๆ กใง้€šใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใปใฉๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹
100:10
didn't have very high standards.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:12
Vanessa: Oh, I see.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚
100:14
Dan: I had probably kind of poor work ethic.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŠดๅƒๅ€ซ็†ใŒ่ฒงๅผฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:17
Vanessa: Oh yeah?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
100:18
[Listen carefully!]
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[ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
100:19
Dan: But I didn't have to try very hard in high school.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผšใงใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆ กใงใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
100:21
Vanessa: As in you could do okay and high school?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅคงไธˆๅคซใจ้ซ˜ๆ กใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
100:23
Dan: I didn't have to study that much to get by in my high school because my high school
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš้ซ˜ๆ กใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ซ˜ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€้ซ˜ๆ กใง้€šใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใปใฉๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹
100:29
didn't have very high standards.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:31
Vanessa: Oh, I see.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚
100:32
Vanessa: Which sentence did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
100:34
Did you hear number one, you didn't take it seriously?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ
100:38
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
100:40
In this conversation, Dan said that he didn't work really hard in high school and I kind
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ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ€ใƒ€ใƒณ ใฏ้ซ˜ๆ กใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„
100:44
of clarified his statement by saying, "You didn't take it seriously."
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆๅฝผใฎ็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
100:50
What is it in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
100:52
It's school, you didn't take school seriously.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅญฆๆ กใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญฆๆ กใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:57
This is a wonderful expression to take something seriously.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่กจ็พ ใงใ™ใ€‚
101:00
Let's listen to that clip again and now that you know which sentence you're listening for
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—
101:04
and you kind of know the general idea of the clip, hopefully, you'll be able to hear it
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ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใฏใฃใใ‚Š ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
101:09
clear.
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ใ€‚
101:10
Dan: I had probably kind of poor work ethic.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŠดๅƒๅ€ซ็†ใŒ่ฒงๅผฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
101:13
Vanessa: Oh yeah?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:14
You didn't take it seriously?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:15
Dan: But I didn't have to try very hard in high school.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผšใงใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆ กใงใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
101:17
I had probably kind of poor work ethic.
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็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŠดๅƒๅ€ซ็†ใŒ่ฒงๅผฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
101:20
Vanessa: Oh yeah?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:21
You didn't take it seriously?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:22
Dan: But I didn't have to try very hard in high school.
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ใƒ€ใƒณ๏ผšใงใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆ กใงใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
101:24
Vanessa: Did you hear you didn't take it seriously?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซๅ—ใ‘ๆญขใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
101:28
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
101:29
Let's go on to quiz question number two.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•2ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
101:32
While you listen to this clip, I want you to guess which one of these sentences you're
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ดใใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่žใ„ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
101:36
actually hearing.
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ใ€‚
101:37
Is it number one, you have be like five or six years old.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5 ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
101:43
Number two, you have to be like five or six years old.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
101:47
Or number three, you have to been like five or six old.
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ใพใŸใฏ3็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
101:52
Let's listen to the clip and choose which one you're hearing.
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’้ธๆŠž ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
101:54
Vanessa: So they have it for all ages?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅนด้ฝขใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
101:56
James: Yes.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€‚
101:57
Well, I think you have to be a certain age.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๅนด้ฝขใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:00
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
102:02
Vanessa: Oh, got you.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
102:03
So at least at that studio, are there quite a few adults who are a part of the program?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎๅคงไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
102:08
James: Yes, there are definitely more people there.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไบบ ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:11
I'm typically the oldest one in the place for the most part.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
102:15
I'm 45.
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็งใฏ45ๆญณใงใ™ใ€‚
102:16
Vanessa: So they have it for all ages?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅนด้ฝขใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
102:18
James: Yes.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€‚
102:19
Well, I think you have to be a certain age.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๅนด้ฝขใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:22
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
102:24
Vanessa: Oh, got you.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
102:25
So at least at that studio, are there quite a few adults who are a part of the program?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎๅคงไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
102:29
James: Yes, there are definitely more people there.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไบบ ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:32
I'm typically the oldest one in the place for the most part.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
102:36
I'm 45.
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็งใฏ45ๆญณใงใ™ใ€‚
102:37
Vanessa: Which sentence did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
102:39
Did you hear, number two, you have to be like five or six years old?
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่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ 5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
102:45
Here in this clip, James is talking about the minimum age to participate in the martial
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใŒๆ‰€ๅฑž ใ™ใ‚‹ๆญฆ้“ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€ไฝŽๅนด้ฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
102:51
arts club that he's a part of.
1801
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ใ€‚
102:53
It's five or six years old.
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5ใ€6ๆญณใงใ™ใ€‚
102:56
Did you also hear how old he is?
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ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ๆญณใ‹่žใ„ใŸ๏ผŸ
102:58
Hmm.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
102:59
Did you catch that number?
1805
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ใใฎ็•ชๅทใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
103:00
He said 45.
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ๅฝผใฏ45ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
103:01
All right, we're going to listen to that key sentence a couple times so that you can hear
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
103:06
you have to be like five or six years old.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎ้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž่žใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
103:10
Let's listen.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
103:11
Vanessa: So they have it for all ages?
1810
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅนด้ฝขใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
103:13
James: Yes.
1811
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€‚
103:14
Well, I think you have to be a certain age.
1812
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๅนด้ฝขใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
103:17
You have to be like five or six years old.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
103:19
Vanessa: So they have it for all ages?
1814
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅนด้ฝขใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
103:21
James: Yes.
1815
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บ๏ผšใฏใ„ใ€‚
103:22
Well, I think you have to be a certain age.
1816
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๅนด้ฝขใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
103:24
You have to be like five or six years old.
1817
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
103:27
Vanessa: Did you hear you have to be like five or six years old?
1818
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏ5ๆญณใ‹6ๆญณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ
103:30
I hope so.
1819
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
103:31
Let's go on to quiz question number three.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•3ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
103:33
I want you to listen for which one of these three sentences you here.
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ใ“ใฎ 3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
103:36
Number one, she spent up living with me for seven months.
1822
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
103:40
Number two, she went up living with me for seven months.
1823
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
103:45
Number three, she ended up living with me for seven months.
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็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ตๅฑ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ ใซ7ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
103:48
Let's listen to the clip and I want you to choose which sentence you hear.
1825
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚่žใๆ–‡ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
103:52
David: Actually, when I was there, I met a girl from Montreal.
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David๏ผšๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใจใใ€ใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใฎๅฅณใฎๅญใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
103:55
Chantelle, her name was.
1827
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒณใƒ†ใƒซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
103:56
I saw her on the beach and I said, "Oh, she's beautiful.
1828
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็งใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒใงๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ็พŽใ—ใ„
104:02
I must meet her."
1829
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ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซไผšใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
104:03
She spoke no English.
1830
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:06
I spoke no French.
1831
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:07
Vanessa: Oh, that didn't matter.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:09
David: She had a friend that was with her.
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David๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใŸๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:10
They had come down from Montreal for a vacation a couple of weeks and
1834
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใงใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้™ใ‚Šใฆใใฆ ใ€
104:17
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
104:20
David: Actually, when I was there, I met a girl from Montreal.
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David๏ผšๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใฎๅฅณใฎๅญใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
104:24
Chantelle, her name was.
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒณใƒ†ใƒซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:26
I saw her on the beach and I said, "Oh, she's beautiful.
1838
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็งใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒใงๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ็พŽใ—ใ„
104:30
I must meet her."
1839
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1839
ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซไผšใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
104:32
She spoke no English.
1840
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:34
I spoke no French.
1841
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:36
Vanessa: Oh, that didn't matter.
1842
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:37
David: She had a friend that was with her.
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David๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใŸๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:39
They had come down from Montreal for a vacation a couple of weeks and
1844
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้™ใ‚Šใฆใใฆ ใ€
104:46
[Listen carefully!]
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[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
104:48
Vanessa: Which sentence did you hear?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
104:49
Did you hear number three?
1847
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3็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
104:51
She ended up living with me for seven months?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใƒถๆœˆ้–“ไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
104:53
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
104:56
In this quick conversation, David's talking about a special girl who he met and they didn't
1850
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ใ“ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไผš่ฉฑใงใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏ ๅฝผใŒๅ‡บไผšใฃใŸ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅฅณใฎๅญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
105:01
speak the same language, but it didn't matter.
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ๅŒใ˜่จ€่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
105:04
They lived together for seven months.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ7ใƒถๆœˆ้–“ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
105:07
He uses a great phrasal verb to end up.
1853
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ๅฝผใฏๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
105:10
She ended up living with me for seven months.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ตๅฑ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใƒถๆœˆๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
105:14
We use this phrasal verb to end up to talk about a conclusion, but it's usually a surprising
1855
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ใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ต่ซ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ้ฉšใในใ
105:19
conclusion.
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็ต่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
105:20
For example, I checked in to my flight to go to New York City and I ended up getting
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏๅธ‚ใซ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใซ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ็ตๅฑ€
105:27
moved to first class.
1858
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
105:29
Whoa, this is a surprising conclusion because I didn't pay for first class, I didn't expect
1859
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ใŠใฃใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใในใ็ต่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
105:34
to be in first class.
1860
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ใ€‚
105:36
Maybe they had some extra seats or they needed to put someone else in the back of the plane,
1861
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅบงๅธญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
105:41
so we could say, "I ended up getting moved to first class."
1862
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ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ็ตๅฑ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
105:44
Great.
1863
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
105:45
All right.
1864
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1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
105:46
Let's listen to that original clip again so that you can hear a little bit more accurately
1865
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ใใฎๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่žใ„ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡
105:50
everything that we say.
1866
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ใ†ใ€‚
105:51
David: She had a friend that was with her.
1867
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David๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใŸๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
105:53
They had come down from Montreal for a vacation a couple of weeks and she ended up living
1868
6353580
6639
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใงใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้™ใ‚Šใฆใใฆ ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ตๅฑ€
106:00
with me for seven months.
1869
6360219
2061
็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:02
David: She had a friend that was with her.
1870
6362280
2510
David๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใŸๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:04
They had come down from Montreal for a vacation a couple of weeks and she ended up living
1871
6364790
6639
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใงใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้™ใ‚Šใฆใใฆ ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ตๅฑ€
106:11
with me for seven months.
1872
6371429
2151
็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ7ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:13
Vanessa: Did you hear ended up?
1873
6373580
2889
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
106:16
I hope so.
1874
6376469
1000
ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
106:17
Let's go on to quiz question number four.
1875
6377469
2371
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•4ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
106:19
I want you to listen for which one of these three sentences you're about to hear.
1876
6379840
4210
ใ“ใฎ3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ‚’่ดใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‹่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
106:24
Number one, I just kind of self got myself the rest.
1877
6384050
4950
็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใŒๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
106:29
Number two, I just kind of self taught myself the rest.
1878
6389000
4530
็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€็งใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
106:33
Number three, I just kind of self bought myself the rest.
1879
6393530
4430
็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ† ใงๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
106:37
Let's listen.
1880
6397960
1000
่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
106:38
Jesse: It actually started with a friend of mine that was not Cherokee at all.
1881
6398960
2529
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏใƒใ‚งใƒญใ‚ญใƒผใงใฏใชใ„็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:41
Even though she had no native American heritage, she was still interested in it.
1882
6401489
4621
ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใฎ้บ็”ฃใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:46
She taught me and I make the rooms with different types of sticks, all different types.
1883
6406110
7469
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๆฃ’ใง้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
106:53
Vanessa: Yeah, it looks definitely natural.
1884
6413579
1681
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
106:55
Jesse: All different types.
1885
6415260
1450
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ€‚
106:56
Vanessa: She got into making dream catchers.
1886
6416710
2029
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:58
Jesse: Mm-hmm (affirmative).
1887
6418739
1000
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผˆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
106:59
And she showed me and then [Listen carefully!]
1888
6419739
3071
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
107:02
Jesse: It actually started with a friend of mine that was not Cherokee at all.
1889
6422810
3720
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏใƒใ‚งใƒญใ‚ญใƒผใงใฏใชใ„็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
107:06
Even though she had no native American heritage, she was still interested in it.
1890
6426530
4299
ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใฎ้บ็”ฃใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
107:10
She taught me and I make the rooms with different types of sticks, all different types.
1891
6430829
7511
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๆฃ’ใง้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
107:18
Vanessa: It looks definitely natural.
1892
6438340
1540
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
107:19
Jesse: All different types.
1893
6439880
1549
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ€‚
107:21
Vanessa: She got into making dream catchers.
1894
6441429
2051
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
107:23
Jesse: Mm-hmm (affirmative).
1895
6443480
1000
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผˆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
107:24
And she showed me and then [Listen carefully!]
1896
6444480
3030
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
107:27
Vanessa: Which sentence did you hear?
1897
6447510
2020
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
107:29
Did you hear number two?
1898
6449530
1690
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
107:31
I just kind of self taught myself the rest?
1899
6451220
3649
ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏ็‹ฌๅญฆใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
107:34
I hope so.
1900
6454869
1500
ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
107:36
In this quick conversation clip, Jesse is talking about learning a native American craft
1901
6456369
6611
ใ“ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผใฏใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใฎๅทฅ่Šธๅ“ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„
107:42
called dream catchers.
1902
6462980
2159
ใพใ™ใ€‚
107:45
She explains that her friend who has no native American heritage taught her some basics about
1903
6465139
6801
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใฎ้บ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใŸใชใ„ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใŸ
107:51
how to make them, but Jessie self-taught.
1904
6471940
4270
ใŒใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผใฏ็‹ฌๅญฆใงๆ•™ใˆใŸใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
107:56
She taught herself the rest.
1905
6476210
3710
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใ—ใŸใ€‚
107:59
What is this expression, the rest, mean?
1906
6479920
2659
ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
108:02
This means that she learned the remaining part by herself.
1907
6482579
4640
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:07
For example, I cleaned most of my house in the morning and then I cleaned the rest in
1908
6487219
6460
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ง ใฏๆœใซๅฎถใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใ€ๅˆๅพŒใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—
108:13
the afternoon.
1909
6493679
1191
ใŸใ€‚
108:14
I cleaned the remaining part of my house in the afternoon.
1910
6494870
3809
็งใฏๅˆๅพŒใซๅฎถใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚
108:18
All right.
1911
6498679
1020
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
108:19
Let's listen to that original clip again so that you can hear and hopefully catch those
1912
6499699
4351
ใใฎๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่žใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
108:24
expressions.
1913
6504050
1000
ใ€‚
108:25
Let's listen.
1914
6505050
1000
่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
108:26
Vanessa: She got into making dream catchers.
1915
6506050
1450
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
108:27
Jesse: Mm-hmm (affirmative).
1916
6507500
1000
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผˆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
108:28
And she showed me and then I just kind of self taught myself the rest.
1917
6508500
3000
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ็‹ฌๅญฆใงๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
108:31
Vanessa: She got into making dream catchers.
1918
6511500
2340
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
108:33
Jesse: Mm-hmm (affirmative).
1919
6513840
1000
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผ๏ผšใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผˆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„๏ผ‰ใ€‚
108:34
And she showed me and then I just kind of self taught myself the rest.
1920
6514840
3089
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ็‹ฌๅญฆใงๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
108:37
Vanessa: Did you hear I just kind of self taught myself the rest?
1921
6517929
3831
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŒๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็‹ฌๅญฆใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใจ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
108:41
I hope so.
1922
6521760
1169
ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
108:42
Let's move on to the final quiz question number five.
1923
6522929
2691
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•5ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
108:45
This one's a little bit tricky because we speak at the same time as each other, but
1924
6525620
4570
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใก ใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผ
108:50
you've got it.
1925
6530190
1279
ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:51
Listen carefully.
1926
6531469
1000
ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
108:52
Which one of these three sentences are you going to hear?
1927
6532469
2360
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ‚Œ ใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
108:54
Number one, they're coming to the restaurant to avoid that.
1928
6534829
4330
็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œ ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:59
Number two, they come in to the restaurant to avoid that.
1929
6539159
3931
็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œ ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
109:03
Number three, they're come to the restaurant to avoid that.
1930
6543090
3799
็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œ ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
109:06
Let's listen.
1931
6546889
1000
่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
109:07
Kevin: I'd never got an autograph except one time in all these years and it was from David
1932
6547889
4631
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๅนดใงไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ‡ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒœใ‚ฆใ‚คใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—
109:12
Bowie, because my chef was in love with David Bowie and it was just a big deal.
1933
6552520
5400
ใŸใ€‚็งใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฏใƒ‡ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒœใ‚ฆใ‚คใซๆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:17
Vanessa: Yeah, you can't be the paparazzi when [Listen carefully!]
1934
6557920
3270
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใˆใˆ ใ€[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
109:21
Kevin: Right.
1935
6561190
1000
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:22
Vanessa: ... [Listen carefully!]
1936
6562190
1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš... [ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
109:23
Kevin: I mean, tourists find out where they are.
1937
6563190
2260
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:25
Kevin: I'd never got an autograph except one time in all these years and it was from David
1938
6565450
5350
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผš็งใฏใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๅนดใงไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ‡ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒœใ‚ฆใ‚คใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—
109:30
Bowie, because my chef was in love with David Bowie and it was just a big deal.
1939
6570800
5399
ใŸใ€‚็งใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใฏใƒ‡ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒœใ‚ฆใ‚คใซๆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:36
Vanessa: Yeah, you can't be the paparazzi when [Listen carefully!]
1940
6576199
3221
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใˆใˆ ใ€[ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
109:39
Kevin: Right.
1941
6579420
1000
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:40
Vanessa: . [Listen carefully!]
1942
6580420
1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€‚ [ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ]
109:41
Kevin: I mean, tourists find out where they are.
1943
6581420
1880
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:43
Vanessa: Which sentence did you hear?
1944
6583300
1839
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
109:45
Did you hear sentence number one?
1945
6585139
2940
ไธ€็•ชใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
109:48
They're coming to the restaurant to avoid that?
1946
6588079
2951
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
109:51
I hope so.
1947
6591030
1490
ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
109:52
In this conversation clip, Kevin is talking about his experience as a server in one of
1948
6592520
5110
ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใฏใ€ๆœ‰ๅไบบใŒ่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒƒใƒใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใซ่กŒใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎ 1ใคใงใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใจใ—ใฆใฎๅฝผใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
109:57
the most popular restaurants in Hollywood where celebrities like to go to avoid tourists,
1949
6597630
5770
110:03
to avoid paparazzi.
1950
6603400
1529
ใ€‚
110:04
It's kind of a hidden spot where they can feel safe.
1951
6604929
3611
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฎ‰ๅ…จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ไธ€็จฎใฎ้š ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:08
The second sentence that you were listening for, they come in to the restaurant to avoid
1952
6608540
5199
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใพใ™
110:13
that, it's grammatically correct, but it's not what I said.
1953
6613739
3791
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
110:17
So make sure you're listening for exactly what I said.
1954
6617530
3450
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
110:20
They're coming to the restaurant to avoid that.
1955
6620980
3240
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
110:24
All right, let's listen to that quick clip again so that you can pick up on this expression.
1956
6624220
3780
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ดใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
110:28
Vanessa: Yeah, you can't be the paparazzi when they're coming to the restaurant-
1957
6628000
3170
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒƒใƒใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“-
110:31
Kevin: Right.
1958
6631170
1000
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:32
Vanessa: ... to avoid that.
1959
6632170
1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš...ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
110:33
Kevin: I mean, tourists find out where they are.
1960
6633170
1780
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:34
Vanessa: Yeah, you can't be the paparazzi when they're coming to the restaurant-
1961
6634950
3260
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒƒใƒใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“-
110:38
Kevin: Right.
1962
6638210
1000
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:39
Vanessa: ... to avoid that.
1963
6639210
1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš...ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
110:40
Kevin: I mean, tourists find out where they are.
1964
6640210
2009
ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณ๏ผšใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:42
Vanessa: How did you do?
1965
6642219
1730
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
110:43
Did you hear they're coming to the restaurant to avoid that?
1966
6643949
3880
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ— ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
110:47
I hope so.
1967
6647829
1191
ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
110:49
How did you do on this quiz?
1968
6649020
1619
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
110:50
Let me know in the comments what was your score.
1969
6650639
2541
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
110:53
Did you get all of them correct, or maybe none?
1970
6653180
2440
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ› ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
110:55
I hope that you can do this quiz again and again so that you can test your listening
1971
6655620
4420
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
111:00
skills.
1972
6660040
1000
ใ€‚
111:01
If the quiz was easy, like I mentioned at the beginning, go back, don't look at those
1973
6661040
4100
ๅ†’้ ญใง่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏ
111:05
sample sentences, but just listen to the audio and try to write exactly what you hear.
1974
6665140
6020
ใชใใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ ่žใ„ใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
111:11
See if you can pick up on every single word without any hints from me.
1975
6671160
6460
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใชใ—ใงใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
111:17
Vanessa: So your goal is to be a fluent English speaker, but what does that mean?
1976
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6079
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏๆตๆšขใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
111:23
Today, I want to give you a little fluency test.
1977
6683699
3290
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆตๆšขใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
111:26
This isn't going to be like tests that you had in high school with grammar and vocabulary.
1978
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4831
ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€้ซ˜ๆ กใงๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
111:31
I know people who have a great degree in English or they get the highest scores on English
1979
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4950
็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆไฝใŒ ้ซ˜ใ„ไบบใ‚„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ
111:36
exams, but they're still not fluent English speakers, so this is a real test to tell if
1980
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5699
ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšข ใซ่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆตๆšขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
111:42
you're really fluent.
1981
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1130
ใงใ™ใ€‚
111:43
Vanessa: I'm here in my sunny backyard to share 10 fluency statements with you.
1982
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6000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใจ10ใฎๆตๆšขใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็งใฎๆ—ฅๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ่‰ฏใ„่ฃๅบญใซ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
111:49
If you can say yes to each of these statements, then congratulations, you're a fluent English
1983
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6471
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
111:56
speaker.
1984
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่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
111:57
But if there are any statements that you can't say yes to, this is what I want you to do.
1985
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4529
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใˆใชใ„็™บ่จ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
112:01
I want you to write down that statement, either on paper or mentally, and I want you to create
1986
6721599
6000
ใใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Ž ใ‚’็ด™ใพใŸใฏ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใซใ€Œใฏใ„
112:07
some specific actions that you can take to increase that statement so that you can say
1987
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6020
ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
112:13
yes to that statement.
1988
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1951
ใ€‚
112:15
Throughout today's lesson, I'm going to be giving you some actionable tips so that you
1989
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3600
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸ
112:19
can follow through and really increase your overall English fluency.
1990
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3150
ใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใชใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
112:22
Vanessa: Are you ready to get started with fluency statement number one?
1991
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4240
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
112:26
Test yourself.
1992
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1070
่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ€‚
112:27
I can smoothly have a conversation about almost any topic in English.
1993
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7390
ใปใผ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซไผš่ฉฑใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
112:35
This is essential.
1994
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1539
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ™ใ€‚
112:36
In your native language, you can probably talk about your vacation and then instantly
1995
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4270
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ™ใใซ
112:40
jump to talking about how public transportation is always late.
1996
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4281
ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใŒๅธธใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†
112:45
You can easily jump from topic to topic without much hesitation.
1997
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4640
ใ“ใจใชใใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
112:49
So this is what you need to do in English as well to be fluent.
1998
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2969
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒๆตๆšขใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
112:52
Of course, there will be topics that you won't be able to talk about smoothly in English,
1999
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3841
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซ่ฉฑใ›
112:56
but those should also be topics that you can't talk about smoothly in your native language.
2000
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5030
ใชใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซ่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
113:01
Vanessa: For example, last week, I was talking with my friend about a Star Wars movie.
2001
6781590
5100
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
113:06
I don't know much about Star Wars movies, but I was trying to have a conversation with
2002
6786690
3570
ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
113:10
her about it and I was trying to explain, "You know that guy who wears the white suit,
2003
6790260
5729
ๅฝผๅฅณใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็™ฝใ„ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใŸ็”ท
113:15
he's kind of like a soldier?"
2004
6795989
1331
ใฏๅ…ตๅฃซใฟใŸใ„ใชใฎใ‹ใ„๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
113:17
I couldn't remember the word Stormtrooper.
2005
6797320
1819
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒ ใƒˆใƒซใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
113:19
And so she said, "Oh, do you mean Stormtrooper?"
2006
6799139
4471
ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒ ใƒˆใƒซใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
113:23
Great.
2007
6803610
1000
ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
113:24
We continued our conversation even though I didn't know exactly what that word is.
2008
6804610
4699
ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
113:29
So if you don't know a word in your native language or you feel uncomfortable talking
2009
6809309
4791
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ ่ชžใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซไธๅฟซๆ„Ÿใ‚’
113:34
about a topic in your native language, it's okay if it's the same in English, but those
2010
6814100
4300
ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ
113:38
two should be a balance.
2011
6818400
1659
2ใคใฏใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
113:40
Vanessa: Fluency statement number two, I can think in English and not translate in my head.
2012
6820059
6521
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆ2ใ€็ง ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
113:46
I like to think of it like a light switch.
2013
6826580
2230
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้›ป็ฏใฎใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
113:48
You can turn it on for English or off for English.
2014
6828810
3789
่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ชใƒณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
113:52
When someone says a word in my second language, in French, when someone says Paris with a
2015
6832599
5870
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎ็ฌฌไบŒ่จ€่ชžใงใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใงๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใง ใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ
113:58
French accent, my brain immediately switches to French because it was kind of triggered
2016
6838469
5141
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
114:03
by that French sounding word.
2017
6843610
2339
ใใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎ้Ÿฟใใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€็งใฎ่„ณใฏใ™ใใซใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
114:05
But if you said Paris with an English accent, well, it doesn't make my brain start to think
2018
6845949
6451
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใง่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ่„ณใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใง่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
114:12
in French.
2019
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1000
ใ€‚
114:13
So this is kind of like the light switch idea.
2020
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2520
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
114:15
It is on or off, and you need to be able to keep English on so that you're not translating
2021
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ใ‚ชใƒณใพใŸใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง ็ฟป่จณใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซไฟใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
114:21
in your head.
2022
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
114:22
So when you're speaking in English but you can't remember a word, let's say that you're
2023
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซไธ€่จ€ใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ„
114:26
telling me about a car accident that you had yesterday.
2024
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ใจใใฏใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠไบ‹ๆ•…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
114:29
You might say, "I was driving and then a bird flew at my car and I drove into a," and you
2025
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ใ€Œ ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€่ปŠใซ้ณฅใŒ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ€่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
114:35
can't remember the word, so you explain it in English.
2026
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ใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
114:37
Vanessa: "You know that dip or that hole on the side of the road, usually for water or
2027
6877980
6290
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ€Œ ้€šๅธธใฏๆฐดใ‚„้›จใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€้“่ทฏใฎ่„‡ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใใฎใใผใฟใ‚„็ฉดใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
114:44
rain?"
2028
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
114:45
And then your friend says, "A ditch?"
2029
6885270
1860
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€Œๆบ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
114:47
And you say, "Yes, I drove into a ditch."
2030
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏๆบใซ่ปŠใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ™ใใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏ
114:50
You explained the word ditch in English instead of immediately saying it in your native language
2031
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ใชใใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆบใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
114:55
because the light switch was turned on to English.
2032
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ใ€‚
114:59
You probably couldn't even remember that word in your native language because you weren't
2033
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
115:04
thinking in your native language, you weren't translating in your native language.
2034
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3590
ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
115:08
Instead, your brain was all in English, and you just didn't know that word ditch.
2035
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใฏใ™ในใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆบใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
115:13
So instead, you're trying to explain it in English.
2036
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
115:16
Vanessa: If you've ever had this happen to you, it's the strangest sensation.
2037
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใงใ™ใ€‚
115:20
I remember one time, I ripped my shirt and I was trying to ask my French friend if she
2038
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็ ดใฃใฆ ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นไบบใฎๅ‹้”
115:25
had a thread to sew it, but I couldn't remember the word thread, [foreign language 01:55:31].
2039
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ใซ็ธซใ†็ณธใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่žใ„ใฆใฟใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็ณธใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸ[ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชž01:55:31]ใ€‚
115:31
So I just tried to explain it, but do you know what?
2040
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
115:33
I couldn't remember the English word for it either.
2041
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
115:35
It's as if English was completely turned off and instead, my brain was turned on to the
2042
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5409
ใพใ‚‹ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็งใฎ่„ณใŒไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใ‚ชใƒณใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
115:41
other language.
2043
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
115:42
So if you have experienced this, congratulations, you're fluent.
2044
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3769
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
115:46
Vanessa: The third fluency statement is I can use English all day and not feel tired.
2045
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฏใ€็ง ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
115:52
Of course, if you have a busy, busy, busy day in your native language, you're going
2046
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
115:55
to feel tired.
2047
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็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
115:56
But when you use English normally throughout a normal day, you shouldn't feel tired at
2048
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้€šๅธธใฎ1ๆ—ฅใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€1ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
116:02
the end of the day.
2049
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ใ€‚
116:03
This means...
2050
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1000
ใคใพใ‚Š...
116:04
Vanessa: ... Day, you shouldn't feel tired at the end of the day.
2051
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1000
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš...ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ€ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
116:05
This means that you listened to English radio on the way to work.
2052
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1870
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใฎ้€”ไธญใง่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
116:07
You spoke with your coworkers in English.
2053
6967640
2059
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
116:09
You used an English recipe to cook for dinner and in these situations you're not mentally
2054
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5331
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค•้ฃŸใฎๆ–™็†ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใง
116:15
exhausted because it's tough to think in English.
2055
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4169
ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใซ็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
116:19
Instead, if you feel comfortable and not tired, congratulations, you're fluent.
2056
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฟซ้ฉใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
116:24
Vanessa: The fourth fluency statement is, "I can speak and other people don't slow down
2057
6984409
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš4็•ช็›ฎใฎๆตๆšขใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ
116:30
their speaking for me."
2058
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็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’้…ใใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
116:32
This is a great way to test your English fluency.
2059
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2870
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ
116:35
When you have a conversation with someone else, if you can tell that they're using different
2060
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ไบบใจไผš่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใจใฏ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
116:39
language for you compared with other people in your conversation, it means that they don't
2061
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6249
ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
116:45
see you as a fluent English speaker.
2062
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2611
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆตๆšขใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
116:48
But, when someone can speak with you without slowing down because they realize, "Oh, you
2063
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5250
ใงใ‚‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€
116:53
can understand.
2064
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1000
็†่งฃ
116:54
It's going to be fine.
2065
7014710
1000
ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ 
116:55
We're going to be able to have a normal conversation."
2066
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ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ›ใšใซใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
116:57
Great.
2067
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
116:58
You're fluent.
2068
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
116:59
Vanessa: This is especially true when you're speaking with someone who isn't an English
2069
7019560
4429
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็‰นใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™
117:03
teacher.
2070
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ใ€‚
117:04
English teachers tend to slow down when they're speaking with an English learner because it's
2071
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎไป•ไบ‹ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้…ใใชใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
117:09
part of our job.
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ใ€‚
117:10
But when you're talking with someone who's not an English teacher...
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ...่ฃฝๅ“ใฎๅ•้กŒ
117:13
Maybe you're talking to customer service on the phone about a problem that you had with
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ้›ป่ฉฑใงใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
117:16
a product, or maybe you're talking with a cashier at the grocery store.
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ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ๅบ—ใฎใƒฌใ‚ธไฟ‚ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€‚
117:20
If they speak with you at a normal speed, the same speed that they're talking with everyone
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้€šๅธธใฎ้€Ÿๅบฆใงใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไป–ใฎ ใฟใ‚“ใชใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜้€Ÿๅบฆใงใ™
117:25
else at, great.
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ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
117:27
Congratulations, you're fluent.
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ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
117:28
Vanessa: Our fifth fluency statement is, "I can say something but I can't explain the
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใŸใกใฎ5็•ช็›ฎใฎๆตๆšขใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ
117:34
grammar because it just feels right."
2080
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
117:36
If you're speaking but you have no idea why you correctly used, "I have eaten," instead
2081
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใชใœ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
117:41
of, "I ate," well, great.
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ใ€ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
117:43
That means that you've internalized the grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ†…้ƒจๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
117:46
Maybe you can't explain why this was correct and why that one's not correct.
2084
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ใชใœใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
117:51
You've just internalized it.
2085
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ†…้ขๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
117:53
Great.
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1000
ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
117:54
You're fluent.
2087
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
117:55
Vanessa: A good way to test this is by writing the same way that you speak.
2088
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
117:59
You could just ask yourself the question, "What did you do this weekend?"
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ใ€ŒไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่‡ชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
118:03
And as you're writing your answer, try to write exactly in the same way that you would
2090
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
118:07
speak.
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ใ€‚
118:08
"Well, this weekend, I went to a friend's house and then I decided to leave early because
2092
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ใ€Œใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€ๅ‹้”ใฎๅฎถใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ ใฎใงๆ—ฉใ‚ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
118:12
I was feeling a little bit under the weather."
2093
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ใ€‚ใ€
118:14
And as you're writing this, are you thinking about the specific grammar verb tenses, about
2094
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅž‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„
118:20
the sentence structure, or are you just writing naturally and correctly?
2095
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ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใซๆญฃใ—ใๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
118:25
And this is the same way that you're speaking.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
118:27
If you have internalized English grammar and you can use it correctly without thinking
2097
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่‹ฑๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ†…้ข ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
118:32
about the rules, congratulations.
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
118:33
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
118:35
Vanessa: The sixth fluency statement is, "I can be myself."
2100
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš6็•ช็›ฎใฎๆตๆšขใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฏใ€Œ็ง ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
118:39
I hear a lot of my English students say that they want to accurately express themselves
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็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๅคšใใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™
118:44
in English.
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ใ€‚
118:45
And when I hear them say this, what it makes me think is, "I want to be myself in English."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใจใใ€ ็งใฏใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
118:51
You want to show your same personality in English as you have in your native language.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจๅŒใ˜ๆ€งๆ ผใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
118:56
So, if you're clever and humorous in your native language, you want to also be clever
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่ณขใใฆใƒฆใƒผใƒขใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใ‚‚่ณขใใฆใƒฆใƒผใƒขใƒฉใ‚นใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
119:01
and humorous in English.
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ใ€‚
119:03
If you're kind and thoughtful in your native language, well, you want to also show those
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใง่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงๆ€ๆ…ฎๆทฑใ„ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
119:07
character traits in English as you speak.
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ€งๆ ผ็‰นๆ€งใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฆ‹ใ›ใŸใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
119:10
When you feel like your true self is showing in English, congratulations.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กจใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
119:14
You're fluent.
2110
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
119:15
Vanessa: A good way to practice this is by following the steps that I mention in this
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง็งใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸๆ‰‹้ †ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
119:20
video up here about how to start speaking English without fear.
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ใ€‚
119:23
Make sure you check out that lesson.
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ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
119:25
Vanessa: Fluency statement number seven.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆ็•ชๅท7ใ€‚
119:27
"I can watch English TV shows and movies without subtitles, just like a native English speaker."
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ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅญ—ๅน•ใชใ—ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
119:34
In my opinion, I feel like TV shows and movies are a little bit more difficult to understand
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ป ใฏใ€ๅฐๆœฌใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œ
119:39
than just daily conversation because it's scripted.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—็†่งฃใ—ใซใใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
119:42
They use sometimes words and humor that's extra clever or extra advanced, but if this
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅทงๅฆ™ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
119:49
is something that you want to do and you can actually watch movies and TV shows without
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅญ—ๅน• ใชใ—ใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
119:54
subtitles, congratulations.
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
119:55
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
119:56
Vanessa: If you'd like to take it to the next level and be able to understand movies and
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ„
119:59
TV shows, but also be able to talk about them, make sure you check out this lesson I made
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ“ใ“ใง ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
120:04
here about how to talk about movies and TV shows in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ€‚
120:08
You'll learn a lot of great phrases and expressions so that you can enjoy those activities and
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ 
120:13
then talk about them in English with other people.
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ๅพŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไป–ใฎไบบใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
120:15
Vanessa: Fluency statement number eight.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆ็•ชๅท8ใ€‚
120:17
"I can understand different accents in English, native and non-native."
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ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็†่งฃใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
120:24
A lot of you need to use English for your jobs and that's great.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:27
That's a great way to be able to use English on a daily basis.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚
120:30
Some of you work with Americans, British people, Australians.
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ใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขไบบใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
120:34
But a lot of you work with non-native English speakers.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใชใ„ไบบใจไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
120:37
People from Germany, Indonesia, Brazil, all places around the world.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใƒใ‚ทใ‚ขใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใ€‚
120:43
When you can understand all English accents, congratulations.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
120:46
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
120:47
Vanessa: I remember the first time that I heard someone speaking French from Canada
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใจใ
120:52
and I realized, "Oh, the way that they speak is different than the way I hear people speaking
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–น ใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใจใฏ้•ใ†ใ€ใจๆฐ—ใฅใ
120:56
in France."
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
120:58
When I could hear that they had a different accent, I felt so proud of myself because
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒ้•ใ†ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น ใง่žใ„
121:03
I realized, "I can understand them and I can understand that they have a different accent
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ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใจใฏ้•ใ†ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจๅฎŸๆ„Ÿใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใ„
121:08
than what I'm used to hearing in France."
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
121:09
Vanessa: This can be a tough skill to master, but with YouTube, there's a great way to do
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€YouTubeใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
121:14
this.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:15
If you have some coworkers who are from Germany and you often speak with them in English,
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ๅ‡บ่บซใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒใ„ ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€YouTube
121:19
you can try to watch videos of Germans speaking English on YouTube.
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ใงใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ไบบใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:23
That way you can feel comfortable with the way they speak, the language choice, the accent,
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ€่จ€่ชžใฎ้ธๆŠžใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆ
121:28
the intonation.
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ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
121:29
You can just test yourself with YouTube and kind of train so that when you speak with
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YouTubeใจไธ€็จฎใฎ้›ป่ปŠใง่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใง
121:34
your German coworker in English, great.
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ใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„่ชžใฎๅŒๅƒšใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
121:36
You're already prepared.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:37
Vanessa: Fluency statement number nine.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆ9ใ€‚
121:39
"I can understand humor and jokes."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
121:43
Of course, the humor and jokes may not be funny to you, but at least you understand
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ‚„ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
121:48
why they're supposed to be funny.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้ข็™ฝใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:51
There's nothing worse than sitting at a dining room table with a lot of English speakers
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹้ฃŸๅ ‚ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€
121:55
and they're all laughing and having a good time, laughing at jokes, and then you're just
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ใฟใ‚“ใช็ฌ‘ใฃใฆๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€
121:59
sitting there thinking, "I have no idea what's funny.
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ใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€Œไฝ•ใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใชใ„ใ€‚
122:03
Why are they laughing?"
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ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
122:04
You feel really left out and lonely, but on the other hand, there's nothing better than
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ–ใ‚Šๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆๅญค็‹ฌใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎไธ€ๆ–นใง
122:09
understanding the humor and laughing with them.
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ใ€ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ฌ‘ใ†ใ“ใจใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
122:12
It's a great way to bond, to form relationships.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็ต†ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใ€้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็ฏ‰ใใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใง
122:15
When you can understand humor and jokes in English, congratulations.
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ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใ‚„ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใŒ็†่งฃใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:18
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
122:19
Vanessa: Fluency statement number 10.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆตๆšขใชๅฃฐๆ˜Ž็•ชๅท10ใ€‚
122:21
"I can read an article, listen to a podcast, watch a movie in English, and forget what
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ใ€Œ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ดใ„ใŸใ‚Š ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ€
122:28
language it was in."
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
122:29
This is such a strange sensation when this happens.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆš ใงใ™ใ€‚
122:33
I remember one time I was listening to a French podcast while I was cooking dinner, and then
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ€ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
122:37
during dinner I was asking Dan, my husband, some questions about the podcast.
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ๅค•้ฃŸใฎ้–“ใซใ€ๅคซใฎใƒ€ใƒณใซ ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
122:42
He doesn't speak French.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
122:43
And he looked at me like, "What are you talking about?"
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚’ใ€Œไฝ•ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
122:46
And then I realized, "Oh yeah, I forgot.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใใ†ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆ
122:49
That podcast was in French, so you couldn't understand it."
2173
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ใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ— ใŸใ€ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
122:53
So when you can seamlessly jump from one language to the other, congratulations.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใงใใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:58
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
122:59
Vanessa: There's one movie called Paris, Je Tโ€™aime, and it's a movie about different
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใƒ‘ใƒชใ€ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ†ใƒผใƒ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒ1ใคใ‚ใ‚Š
123:04
areas in the city of Paris.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒชใฎ่ก—ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅœฐๅŸŸใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
123:06
And in this movie, a lot of the characters speak in English and then jump immediately
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผ ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ™ใ
123:11
to French.
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ใซใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
123:12
And I remember watching that movie and listening to all the different languages that they were
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่žใ„ใฆ
123:17
speaking and realizing, "I can understand this.
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ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™
123:21
I'm so happy.
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ใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
123:22
I don't have to use subtitles for part of it, or feel uncomfortable when they switched
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ไธ€้ƒจใซๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธๅฟซใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
123:26
to French."
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
123:27
Because I could easily understand both languages, I felt so happy and so proud of myself.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็†่งฃใงใ ใŸใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใง่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
123:34
And I want you to have that as well.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
123:36
So, if you can understand a podcast, a movie, a TV show, read an article, and then forget,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ป ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€
123:42
"Oh yeah, it was an English," congratulations.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
123:44
You're fluent.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตๆšขใงใ™ใ€‚
123:45
Vanessa: So now I have a question for you.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
123:47
In the comments, let me know what is your fluency score according to this test?
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใšใซ
123:53
Can you relatively use grammatical structures without thinking, but it's difficult for you
2192
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ ใŒ
123:58
to understand all accents in English?
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
124:01
I want you to take actionable steps so that you can say, "Yes," to each one of these 10
2194
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ10ใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆ‰‹้ †ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„
124:09
fluency statements.
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ใ€‚
124:10
Vanessa: Do you have good pronunciation?
2196
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
124:13
How do you know?
2197
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
124:14
The best way to test your pronunciation is to speak with someone else and see if they
2198
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰
124:18
can understand you, because understanding is the purpose of pronunciation and of speaking.
2199
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็†่งฃ ใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
124:23
But unfortunately, here on YouTube, I can't listen to you.
2200
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ใงใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“YouTubeใงใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
124:27
Maybe YouTube will create that technology someday in the future.
2201
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€YouTubeใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
124:30
So for now, I'd like to give you a different type of pronunciation test.
2202
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
124:35
Vanessa: The next best way to test your pronunciation is to shadow or imitate exactly after a native
2203
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆฌกๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•
124:41
speaker, so that you can see if your pronunciation is similar to mine.
2204
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซๅฝฑใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ‹ๆจกๅ€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
124:45
Is it different?
2205
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1140
้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
124:46
What are the specific areas that are difficult for you?
2206
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„็‰นๅฎšใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
124:48
I'm going to be testing your pronunciation on 16 challenging words.
2207
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็งใฏ 16ใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
124:53
But the best way to test your pronunciation is not with individual words, but with a whole
2208
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€
124:57
sentence.
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ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
124:58
So this is what we're going to do.
2210
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
124:59
I'm going to show you a challenge sentence that uses four difficult words, and this is
2211
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้›ฃใ—ใ„4ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
125:03
what I want you to do.
2212
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็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
125:05
I want you to say that sentence out loud before I talk about anything.
2213
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็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
125:09
Vanessa: This is your original pronunciation.
2214
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ƒใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
125:11
I want you to hear your original pronunciation, and then I'm going to read that sentence,
2215
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ๅ…ƒใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใŒใ€
125:17
but I'm going to mispronounce one word.
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ไธ€่จ€่ชค็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
125:20
I want you to guess which word is mispronounced.
2217
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎ
125:24
There are sometimes multiple ways to pronounce each word.
2218
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็™บ้Ÿณใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
125:27
But I want you to be listening for what is the most natural way to pronounce each word
2219
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใง ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™
125:31
in fast English.
2220
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ใ€‚
125:32
Vanessa: And finally, I'm going to be saying the sentence correctly, and I want you to
2221
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใฏ ใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ
125:36
be able to say it with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
125:37
So I want you to repeat the correct sentence with me.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡็ซ  ใ‚’็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
125:40
Are you ready to get started with sentence number one?
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ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
125:42
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
125:43
Vanessa: This is sentence number one.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎ1็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
125:45
I want you to say this sentence all by yourself.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไธ€ไบบใง่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
125:48
Test your original pronunciation.
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ๅ…ƒใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
125:49
Go ahead.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
125:50
Say it out loud.
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ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ”ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ€‚
125:52
Vanessa: Okay.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
125:56
Now, I'm going to say the sentence and I'm going to mispronounce one word.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใ€ ไธ€่จ€ใ‚’่ชค็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
126:01
Can you guess which word I mispronounce?
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็งใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใŸๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
126:04
I buy cloth-es through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๅธƒใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
126:09
I buy cloth-es through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๅธƒใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
126:14
Which word did I say incorrectly?
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้–“้•ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
126:18
Did you hear clothes or cloth-es?
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ๆœใ‚„ๅธƒใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
126:24
You heard the second one, but really that's not correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ‚Œ ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚
126:27
Instead, when we speak in fast English, we often pronounce, "clothes" a lot like, "Close
2239
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œๆœใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™
126:34
the door."
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ใ€‚
126:35
I buy clothes through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
126:39
Vanessa: All right, let's go through each of these challenging words, and I want to
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ
126:43
help you say them correctly.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
126:45
That first word, buy, buy.
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ใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€่ฒทใ†ใ€่ฒทใ†ใ€‚
126:48
It sounds exactly like, "Bye, see you later."
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ใ€Œใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸใญใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
126:52
Buy.
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่ฒทใ†ใ€‚
126:53
And then we have clothes, which I just mentioned sounds a lot like, "Close the door."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใฆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
127:01
Close the door.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
127:02
When native speakers are speaking a little bit slower, they might add a th sound clothes,
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏthใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎๆœใ€ๆœใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
127:08
clothes.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎT-Hใง
127:10
You see how my tongue comes out a little bit for that T-H?
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็งใฎ่ˆŒใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
127:12
Clothes, but really when we're speaking quickly, it just sounds like close.
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ๆœใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŸใกใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
127:18
Close.
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้ธใถใ€‚
127:19
Vanessa: And then we have the word through.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
127:22
Oh, this word is lovely.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใ€‚
127:25
We have a T-H followed by an R. Let's practice it slowly.
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T-HใฎๅพŒใซRใŒ็ถšใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
127:32
Your tongue is coming out between your teeth and there's some air.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใฎ้–“ใซๅ‡บใฆใใฆใ€ ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
127:35
That's a wonderful T-H sound.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„T-Hใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
127:39
Through.
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็ต‚ใˆใŸใ€‚
127:41
It sounds like, "I threw the ball."
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ใ€Œใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใŸใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
127:43
This is the past tense of throw.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๆŠ•็ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
127:45
I threw the ball.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
127:47
So, let's try to say this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
127:50
Through, through.
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ใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ€ใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ€‚
127:52
Vanessa: And then we have our final word, internet.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
127:57
What's happening to that middle T?
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ใใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎTใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
127:59
Internet?
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆ๏ผŸ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
128:00
You can say internet with a clear T if you're speaking a little bit slower, but when native
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ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชTใงใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–
128:06
speakers are speaking quickly, we're going to cut out that T completely, and just say
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใฎTใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆ
128:10
in inner-net, inner-net.
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ใ€inner-netใ€inner-netใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
128:14
Vanessa: Let's go back and try to say this full sentence clearly and naturally together.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ…จๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่‡ช็„ถใซไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
128:20
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
128:22
I buy clothes through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
128:28
I buy clothes through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
128:31
Were you repeating with me?
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็งใจ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
128:33
I hope so because we've got three more challenge sentences, and I want you to test your pronunciation.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใจ3ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
128:38
Vanessa: Let's go to number two.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš2็•ช็›ฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
128:40
Here's sentence number two.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
128:41
I'm going to pause and I want you to try to say this sentence all by yourself.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไธ€ไบบใง่จ€ใฃใฆใฟ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
128:45
Test your original pronunciation.
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ๅ…ƒใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
128:47
Go ahead.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
128:50
Vanessa: Okay.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
128:52
Now I'm going to say it, but I'm going to mispronounce one word.
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ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไธ€่จ€่ชค็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
128:56
Can you guess which word is incorrect?
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
128:58
A little girl took the recept to the bus.
2285
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ๅฐใ•ใชๅฅณใฎๅญใŒใƒฌใ‚ปใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
129:04
The little girl took the recept to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏใใฎใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
129:10
Which word is wrong?
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ใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
129:14
Did you hear receipt or recept?
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้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚„้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
129:18
You heard number two, but that's not correct.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚
129:21
Instead, the P is silent, so you're going to say receipt, receipt.
2290
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Pใฏ็„ก้Ÿณใชใฎใง ใ€้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ€้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
129:27
Just completely forget about that P in there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใใฎPใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
129:31
Vanessa: All right, let's go through each of these challenging words because I want
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
129:34
to make sure that you can pronounce them correctly.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
129:36
The first one is little, little.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
129:38
You see there's two T's in the middle of this word, but really in American English, those
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซ2ใคใฎTใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
129:45
Ts are going to become D sounds.
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TใฏDใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
129:47
So it's going to sound like lid-le.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใตใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
129:49
Little, like a lid that you put on a container, little.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎนๅ™จใซ็ฝฎใใตใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€‚
129:55
Vanessa: And then we have girl.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
129:57
A lot of these words, girl, world, early.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅคšใใฏใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€ไธ–็•Œใ€ๆ—ฉใ„ๆฎต้šŽใงใ€‚
130:02
Those words can be a little bit tricky.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
130:04
So, let's break this one down.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
130:09
Grr-l, grr-l.
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Grr-lใ€grr-lใ€‚ ๆ€’ใฃ
130:11
When you want to talk about the sound that an angry dog makes, you could say grr, grr,
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šฌใฎ้ณดใๅฃฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ ใฏใ€grrใ€grrใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ
130:18
and then we're going to add le the end.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซleใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
130:21
Girl.
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€‚
130:22
Girl, girl.
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€‚
130:24
Notice that my mouth isn't really moving here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็งใฎๅฃใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
130:28
It's all inside my mouth and in my throat.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ็งใฎๅฃใฎไธญใจ็งใฎๅ–‰ใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
130:31
Girl, girl.
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€‚
130:33
And with the L, my tongue is coming beside my teeth.
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ใใ—ใฆLใงใ€็งใฎ่ˆŒใฏ ็งใฎๆญฏใฎใใฐใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
130:36
Girl.
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€‚
130:37
It's right there girl.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใใ“ใฎๅฅณใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚
130:39
Girl.
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€‚
130:40
Vanessa: All right, and the next word is receipt, receipt.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใงใ™ใ€‚
130:46
Re-seat receipt.
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ใƒฌใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
130:49
This is the piece of paper you get after you make a purchase.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸๅพŒใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพ—ใ‚‹ไธ€ๆžšใฎ็ด™ใงใ™ ใ€‚
130:52
The cashier will give you a receipt.
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ใƒฌใ‚ธไฟ‚ใŒ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใŠๆธกใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
130:55
Vanessa: And then our final word is bus.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใƒใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
130:58
Sometimes this short u sound can be a little bit tricky, so I want to make sure you're
2320
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ใ“ใฎ็Ÿญใ„uใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒœใ‚นใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
131:03
not saying boose, boos, boss.
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ใ€‚
131:06
Make sure you say, uh, bus.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒใ‚นใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
131:09
Bus.
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ใƒใ‚นใ€‚
131:10
Bus.
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ใƒใ‚นใ€‚
131:11
Vanessa: All right, let's go back and say this full sentence together.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆ ใ“ใฎๅ…จๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:16
The little girl took the receipt to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
131:23
The little girl took the receipt to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
131:28
Did you say that with me?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
131:30
Let's say it one more time.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:31
The little girl took the receipt to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
131:37
Great work.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
131:38
Let's go onto the next challenge sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:40
Vanessa: All right, here's sentence number three.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ ใงใ™ใ€‚
131:42
I want you to say it all by yourself.
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ๅ…จ้ƒจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
131:44
Are you ready?
2335
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
131:46
Test your original pronunciation.
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ๅ…ƒใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
131:48
Go ahead.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
131:51
Vanessa: Okay, now it's my turn.
2338
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ็งใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
131:54
I'm going to mispronounce one word.
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ไธ€่จ€่ชค่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
131:56
Listen carefully.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
131:58
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warum weather.
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ๅˆๅ†ฌใ€็งใฏใƒฏใƒซใƒ ใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
132:04
In the early winner, I didn't miss the warum weather.
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ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅ‹่€…ใงใฏใ€็งใฏwarumใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
132:11
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warum weather.
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ๅˆๅ†ฌใ€็งใฏใƒฏใƒซใƒ ใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
132:16
Which one of these challenge words did I mispronounce?
2344
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ‚’็งใฏ่ชคใฃใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
132:21
Did you hear warm or warum?
2345
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ๆš–ใ‹ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆš–ใ‹ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
132:26
You heard that second one, but that's not correct.
2346
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ€‚
132:29
Instead, the word warm has just one syllable, not warum.
2347
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€warmใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€warumใงใฏใชใ1ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
132:35
Instead warm, warm.
2348
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€‚
132:39
Notice how my lips are in an oh shape.
2349
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็งใฎๅ”‡ใŒใŠใŠๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:44
Warm, warm with a clear R. Warm.
2350
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใชR.ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
132:47
Vanessa: All right, let's go through each of these challenge words so that you can say
2351
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆญฃใ—ใ ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
132:52
them correctly.
2352
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ใ€‚
132:53
The first one is early.
2353
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๆ—ฉใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
132:56
This is similar to what we talked about with girl.
2354
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๅฅณใฎๅญใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใจไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
133:00
Er-lee.
2355
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ใˆใƒผใจใ€‚
133:02
Let's break it into two sections.
2356
7982809
3501
ใใ‚Œใ‚’2ใคใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
133:06
Er, and then lee, lee.
2357
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5159
ใˆใƒผใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒชใƒผใ€ใƒชใƒผใ€‚
133:11
Early.
2358
7991469
1940
ๆ—ฉใ„ใ€‚
133:13
Make sure that when you say the L, your tongue is touching the back of your teeth, lee, early,
2359
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8051
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒLใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
133:21
early.
2360
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1550
ใ€‚
133:23
Don't add another sound in there.
2361
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ใใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
133:24
I often hear English learners say earaly, er-a-lee, but that a in the middle isn't natural,
2362
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7649
่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒๆ—ฉใใ€ใˆใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎaใฏ่‡ช็„ถใงใฏใชใ„
133:32
so let's make sure you say er-lee and put it together, early.
2363
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2270
ใฎใงใ€ๆ—ฉใ‚ใซใˆใƒผใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใพใจใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
133:34
Vanessa: Next, we say winter.
2364
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใซใ€ๅ†ฌใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰
133:37
What is happening to the T in the middle of this word?
2365
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6100
ใฎ้€”ไธญใฎTใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
133:43
You might hear native speakers say winter with a clear T if they're enunciating clearly,
2366
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5371
ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชTใงๅ†ฌใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ
133:48
and maybe speaking a little slowly.
2367
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2290
ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
133:51
It's fine to do that, but when native speakers speak fast, you're going to hear winner.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ใŒ้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ๅ‹่€…ใฎๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
133:56
Winner.
2369
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1200
ๅ‹่€…ใ€‚
133:57
When's the Winter Olympics?
2370
8037770
1260
ๅ†ฌๅญฃใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
133:59
Winner.
2371
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1000
ๅ‹่€…ใ€‚
134:00
This is the same as a winner and a loser.
2372
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3410
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹่€…ใจๆ•—่€…ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
134:03
It's the same pronunciation, so make sure that the context helps you to know which word
2373
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5230
ๅŒใ˜็™บ้Ÿณใชใฎใง ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใŒใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
134:08
it is.
2374
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ใ€‚
134:09
Does this sound familiar?
2375
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใชใ˜ใฟใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
134:11
Internet winner.
2376
8051880
1080
ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใฎๅ‹่€…ใ€‚
134:12
Yeah.
2377
8052960
1090
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
134:14
We're cutting out that T especially when there's an N-T in the middle of a word internet, internet.
2378
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8100
็‰นใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซN-TใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใฎTใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
134:22
Winter, winner.
2379
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ๅ†ฌใ€ๅ‹่€…ใ€‚
134:24
You're going to hear that a lot in fast English.
2380
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใŸใใ•ใ‚“่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
134:28
Vanessa: Next we have the word didn't.
2381
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3190
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใซใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
134:31
Didn't.
2382
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ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
134:33
But this is the clear pronunciation.
2383
8073340
2640
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใช็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
134:35
When native speakers are speaking quickly, we do not say didn't with each sound pronounced.
2384
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ๅ„้ŸณใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
134:43
Instead you're going to hear did-n.
2385
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€did-nใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
134:46
Did-n.
2386
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1470
ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ-nใ€‚
134:47
There's a lot going on here in your throat.
2387
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ–‰ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
134:52
D-n.
2388
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1980
D-nใ€‚
134:54
So that final D is cut short and the final T as well is cut, so it's really going to
2389
8094349
5821
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎDใŒ็Ÿญใใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ Tใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
135:00
be just your throat.
2390
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1619
ๅ–‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
135:01
Can you say that with me?
2391
8101789
1500
็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
135:03
D-n didn't, didn't, didn't, didn't.
2392
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D-nใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
135:07
Vanessa: If you have trouble pronouncing or hearing or understanding contractions, it's
2393
8107800
8070
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅญๅฎฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚„่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€็†่งฃใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
135:15
probably because we cut off a lot of those sounds.
2394
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฎๅคšใใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒๅŽŸๅ›  ใงใ™ใ€‚
135:18
We reduce them.
2395
8118449
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
135:19
That's something that's natural in English.
2396
8119449
2061
ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
135:21
I made a video about how to pronounce 81 different contractions.
2397
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81็จฎ้กžใฎๅญๅฎฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
135:25
You can check it out up here because this happens to a lot of different contractions
2398
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4250
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅŽ็ธฎใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏ
135:29
and I want to make sure you can pronounce them, but also you can understand them.
2399
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
135:33
The difference between a positive word, did, and didn't is very important when you're having
2400
8133360
6440
ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ—ใŸใ€ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†้•ใ„ใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
135:39
a conversation.
2401
8139800
1000
ใ€‚
135:40
Vanessa: All right, let's go to the last word.
2402
8140800
2270
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
135:43
Warm, warm, warm.
2403
8143070
3210
ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€‚
135:46
Make sure that this is one syllable.
2404
8146280
2129
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ1้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
135:48
Warm.
2405
8148409
1101
ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€‚
135:49
Warm.
2406
8149510
1100
ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใ€‚
135:50
Do you think you could put all of these words together?
2407
8150610
3370
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
135:53
You got it.
2408
8153980
1000
ไบ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
135:54
Let's say it together.
2409
8154980
1000
ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
135:55
Vanessa: In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
2410
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7969
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๅˆๅ†ฌใ€ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
136:03
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
2411
8163949
4081
ๅˆๅ†ฌใฏๆธฉๆš–ใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
136:08
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
2412
8168030
3520
ๅˆๅ†ฌใฏๆธฉๆš–ใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
136:11
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
2413
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6720
ๅˆๅ†ฌใฏๆธฉๆš–ใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
136:18
Great work.
2414
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1000
ใ™ใ”ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
136:19
All right, let's go to the final challenge sentence.
2415
8179270
1599
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธๆ–‡ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
136:20
Vanessa: Here's our final challenge sentence.
2416
8180869
2501
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
136:23
Can you say this all by yourself?
2417
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4050
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
136:27
Go ahead.
2418
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2750
ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
136:30
Vanessa: Now it's my turn.
2419
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2210
ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšไปŠๅบฆใฏ็งใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
136:32
I'm going to mispronounce one word.
2420
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1880
ไธ€่จ€่ชค่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
136:34
I want you to guess which one it is.
2421
8194260
1790
ใฉใ‚Œใชใฎใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
136:36
I definitely sought the water at the beach was salty.
2422
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5850
็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎๆฐด ใŒๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
136:41
I definitely sought the water at the beach was salty.
2423
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6190
็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎๆฐด ใŒๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใฎใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
136:48
Which word is incorrect?
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ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
136:53
Did you hear thought or sought?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
136:58
You heard the second one, sought, but does this word start with an S?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆๆŽขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏSใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
137:03
Nope.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
137:05
Instead it starts with a T-H.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€T-Hใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
137:06
So you need to make sure that your tongue is between your teeth and there's that stream
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ˆŒ ใŒๆญฏใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Š
137:12
of air coming through.
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ใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎๆตใ‚ŒใŒๆตใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
137:14
Through.
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็ต‚ใˆใŸใ€‚
137:15
We already talked about that word.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
137:17
Thought.
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่€ƒใˆใ€‚
137:18
Thought.
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่€ƒใˆใ€‚
137:19
Vanessa: All right, let's go through each of these challenge words so that you can pronounce
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆญฃใ—ใ ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
137:25
them correctly.
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ใ€‚
137:26
What's happening with this word, definitely?
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
137:29
Definitely.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€‚
137:30
I feel like words like definitely, certainly, probably, those words can be a little bit
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
137:37
tricky.
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ใ€‚
137:38
I talked about some of those in this pronunciation lesson up here, but the word definitely, we
2441
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ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ“ใ“ใง่ฉฑใ— ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€็งใŸใก
137:42
use a lot and you probably would like to use a lot, but you need to pronounce it correctly,
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ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใŒใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
137:46
so let's break it down.
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
137:49
Def-in-it-lee.
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Def-in-it-leeใ€‚
137:50
Def-in-it-lee.
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Def-in-it-leeใ€‚
137:52
Definitely, definitely, definitely, definitely, definitely.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ€‚
138:00
It's definitely a beautiful day.
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้–“้•ใ„ใชใ็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
138:06
This is definitely a helpful lesson.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
138:09
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
138:10
Vanessa: The next word is that lovely word we just talked about thought.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸ็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
138:14
Thought.
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่€ƒใˆใ€‚
138:16
Make sure that your tongue is between your teeth.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ˆŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆญฏใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
138:18
I often hear English learners switching an S and a T-H sound.
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่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ S้ŸณใจT-H้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
138:25
Sought instead of thought.
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่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใ€‚
138:28
And in some situations, this could be a little bit difficult for other English speakers to
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ใพใŸใ€็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบ
138:33
understand you, so make sure that you say this correctly.
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
138:36
Thought, thought.
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ๆ€ใฃใŸใ€ๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
138:38
Vanessa: And then we have the word water.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฐดใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
138:41
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰
138:43
What's the sound that you hear in the middle of this word?
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ใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใง่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹้Ÿณใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
138:45
Wad-er, wad-er?
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Wad-erใ€wad-er๏ผŸ
138:47
Well, it's not a T sound, water.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏT้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๆฐดใ€‚
138:50
Instead it's a D. Here we have, again, the T is changing to a D.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚ŠใซDใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ TใŒDใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
138:55
This is typical in American English.
2464
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
138:57
Wad-er.
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ใƒฏใƒƒใƒ€ใƒผใ€‚
138:58
Wad-er I want you to say that with me.
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ใƒฏใƒƒใƒ€ใƒผ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
139:01
Water, water.
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ๆฐดใ€ๆฐดใ€‚
139:02
Vanessa: And finally we have the word beach.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
139:06
Beach.
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1351
ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€‚
139:07
A lot of you are concerned that you might say a rude word instead.
2470
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅคฑ็คผใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
139:12
So let's practice that vowel sound.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
139:13
It needs to be a long E. Bee-ch.
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้•ทใ„E.Bee-chใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
139:17
Bee-ch, beach.
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Bee-chใ€ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€‚
139:20
And really the context here is going to help you a lot.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคงใ„ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
139:23
So when we're talking about, "The water at the beach is salty," you're most likely talking
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎๆฐดใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
139:29
about the ocean, the sea.
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ๆตทใ€ๆตทใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
139:31
You're not talking about a rude word.
2477
8371370
2170
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคฑ็คผใช่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
139:33
So I think the context is going to help you a lot, but make sure that when you pronounce
2478
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคงใ„ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๅฟ…ใš
139:37
it you say E. Beach.
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E.ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
139:39
Vanessa: All right, let's go back and say that full sentence.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฎๅ…จๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
139:42
I definitely thought the water the beach was salty.
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็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎๆฐดใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
139:48
I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.
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็ขบใ‹ใซๆตœ่พบใฎๆฐดใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
139:53
I definitely thought the water at the beach with salty.
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็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใฎๆฐดใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
139:57
Great work.
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ใ™ใ”ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
139:58
I hope that you had a chance to say that sentence out loud with me and test your pronunciation.
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ใใฎๆ–‡็ซ  ใ‚’็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
140:02
Vanessa: Are you ready for a final challenge?
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
140:04
We're going to go back and say all four of those sentences and I want you to say them
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็งใŸใกใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ4ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰
140:08
out loud with me.
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ใ‚’็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใฃใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
140:09
I'm going to say them two times so that you can listen and then you can also repeat.
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่žใ„ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
140:13
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
140:14
Let's say them together.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
140:15
Vanessa: I buy clothes through the internet.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผš็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
140:19
I buy clothes through the internet.
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็งใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
140:24
The little girl took the receipt to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
140:28
The little girl took the receipt to the bus.
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ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏ้ ˜ๅŽๆ›ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
140:33
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
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ๅˆๅ†ฌใฏๆธฉๆš–ใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
140:38
In the early winter, I didn't miss the warm weather.
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ๅˆๅ†ฌใฏๆธฉๆš–ใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ใ‚’้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
140:43
I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.
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็ขบใ‹ใซๆตœ่พบใฎๆฐดใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
140:48
I definitely thought the water at the beach was salty.
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็ขบใ‹ใซๆตœ่พบใฎๆฐดใฏๅกฉ่พ›ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
140:53
Vanessa: Great work testing your pronunciation muscles, and now I have a question for you.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ญ‹ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ ใ€ใใ—ใฆไปŠ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
140:58
Let me know in the comments which one of these words is the most difficult for you to pronounce.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใซใใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:03
Let me know.
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ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:04
I'm sure that there will be people around the world who have the same feelings as you.
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ใใฃใจ ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅŒใ˜ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฎไบบใŒไธ–็•Œไธญใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
141:07
It's always good to feel like you're in this together.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
141:11
Vanessa: Wow, you made it.
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
141:14
Congratulations.
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ใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ€‚
141:15
Now I have a question for you.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
141:16
Which English test was the most challenging for you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใฉใ‚Œ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
141:20
Let me know in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:21
I look forward to hearing your replies and thanks so much for learning English with me.
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ใ”่ฟ”ไฟกใ‚’ใŠๅพ…ใกใ—ใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
141:25
I'll see you again next Friday for a new lesson here on my YouTube channel.
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ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใพใŸ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
141:29
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
141:30
Vanessa: The next step is to download my free ebook, Five Steps to Becoming a Confident
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ใƒดใ‚กใƒใƒƒใ‚ต๏ผšๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ5ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
141:36
English Speaker.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆตๆšข
141:37
You'll learn what you need to do to speak confidently and fluently.
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ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใŸใ‚
141:42
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more free lessons.
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ใซ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
141:45
Thanks so much.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
141:46
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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