10 Reductions for Natural English Pronunciation

534,122 views ใƒป 2020-04-03

Speak English With Vanessa


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com. Are you ready to improve your pronunciation
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.comใฎVanessaใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใจใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:06
and your listening skills? Let's do it. One of the keys to understanding natural fast
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ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‡ช็„ถใช้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้ตใฎ1ใคใฏใ€
00:15
English is to know more about reductions and linking that happen when native speakers are
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
00:21
speaking quickly. When you can understand these reductions, a whole new world opens
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไธ–็•ŒใŒ
00:26
up to you, and you'll catch and hear words that you never heard before. Do you know another
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้–‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไปŠใพใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
benefit of improving your listening skills? Well, when you know those reductions, you
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใƒกใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
00:37
can improve your pronunciation too, because you can use them in real life. Are you ready
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ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
00:42
to talk about 10 common reductions in English? Actually, technically there are 14, because
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ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง10ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏ14ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
ironically, I couldn't reduce this list to only 10.
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็šฎ่‚‰ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’10ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:52
In any case, a reduction means that there are some letters in common words that we just
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
00:58
don't say when we're speaking quickly. Native speakers don't talk like this. In fact, we
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
01:05
cut off sounds. We reduce sounds. We push words together, and that's what we're going
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้Ÿณใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ—ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็ง
01:09
to be talking about today. So are you ready to get started with our first common reduction?
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ใŸใกใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:13
Let's do it. How is this word pronounced? Is it your? Occasionally,
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ๆ™‚ๆŠ˜ใ€
01:20
you're going to hear that in slower English, but in fast English, you're going to hear
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้…ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใง่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:25
your. Your. I have your phone. Your boss called today. You could say, "I have your phone,"
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ้›ป่ฉฑใ— ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
01:35
but do you see how many more muscles that takes? Nah, let's reduce it and make it simpler
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ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใซใ„ใใคใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใŒ ๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
01:41
for your muscles and say, "I have your phone. I have your phone. Your boss called today."
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ใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:48
Your. My mouth is hardly moving when I say this. Your boss. Your boss called today.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจๅฃใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:55
Make sure that you say all of these sample sentences with me during today's lesson, exercise
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆ
02:00
your speaking muscles, because at the end of this lesson, I'm going to be putting all
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่ฉฑใ™็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’้›ใˆใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
02:04
10 together in one big challenge sentence that I want you to be able to say. So practice
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10ๅ€‹ใ™ในใฆใ‚’1ใคใฎๅคงใใชใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธๆ–‡ใซใพใจใ‚ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
02:09
them step by step with me. Let's say those two sentences together. I have your phone.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฎต้šŽ็š„ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
I have your phone. Your boss called today. Your boss called today.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:19
Let's move on to reduction number two. How do you say this word? Is it our? Our? You
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›2ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฎ๏ผŸ
02:26
might hear this in a slower, clearer speech, but in fast conversation it just sounds like
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸๆ˜Ž็žญใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€้€Ÿใ„ไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€
02:33
the letter R. Our. Our. He has our dog. He has our dog. Our car broke down. Our car broke
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Rใ€‚Ourใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผ ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ปŠใฏๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ปŠใฏๆ•…้šœ
02:46
down. Our car broke down. Can you say those two sentences with me? Practice saying just
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ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ปŠใฏๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ–‡ๅญ—Rใ ใ‘ใ‚’่จ€ใ†็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
02:52
the letter R. Forget O and U, just say R. He has our dog. He has our dog. Our car broke
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚OใจUใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ€Rใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ปŠใฏๆ•…้šœ
03:00
down. Our car broke down. The third reduction is actually these three
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ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ปŠใฏๆ•…้šœใ—ใŸใ€‚ 3็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎ
03:05
words, because they go together. Three different pronouns. Hmm, how can we say this sample
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ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ 3ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
03:13
sentence? Should you say, "I have his phone. I have his phone." It's okay, I mean when
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
03:22
you're speaking clearly and maybe a little slowly, you might pronounce the H, but in
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€Hใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€H
03:27
spoken fast English we're going to cut off the H and just say, I have his phone, I have
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ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃ ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
is phone. I have his phone. I have is phone. What about with her? I have her phone. I have
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
03:41
her phone. Er, er, the H is gone. I have her phone.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใƒผใ€ใˆใƒผใ€HใฏใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
How about this sentence? Should you say, "I gave it to them? I gave it to them." It's
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็ง ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
03:53
okay, I mean it's understandable, because you're saying every sound, but like the previous
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‰ใฎ
03:59
two words, we're going to cut off that first sound and just say, "I gave it to them. Im,
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2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚Imใ€
04:05
Im, that T-H is gone. I gave it to them. I gave it to them.
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Imใ€ใใฎTH
04:09
Now I want to let you know that with his, her, and them, we're typically going to cut
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ๅฝผใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ
04:14
off that first sound when there's other words before that pronoun. If you said, "His phone
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ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑ
04:22
is on the table," you're not going to cut out the H in his, because there's no words
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ใฏใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซๅ˜่ชžใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฎHใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:27
before that. Instead, it's used to link with the previous words, but if there's no previous
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ใ€‚ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
04:33
words, then you need to say "His phone." But you can say, "I have his phone," because "I
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ใ€ๆฌกใซใ€Œๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ
04:40
have" comes before "his phone." I have his phone, I have his phone. If you'd like to
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้›ป่ฉฑใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผใฎ ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
check out some more of these pronoun reductions, I made a video up here about how to speak
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—
04:50
English fast, so you can check out some of those other tips. Before we go on to the next
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ใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ
04:54
reduction, let's say those three sentences together. I have his phone. I have his phone.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใใ“ใซใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
I have her phone. I have her phone. I gave it to them. I gave it to them. How did you
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็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:07
do? All right, let's go onto the next reduction. What about this contraction? This contraction
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎ็ธฎ็ด„
05:13
is two words put together, that's the definition of a contraction. They are creates they're.
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ใฏ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ธฎ็ด„ใฎๅฎš็พฉ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‰ต้€ ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
Hm, is that the best, most reduced way to say it, they're? No. Instead, the Y is just
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Yใฏ
05:31
going to be kind of glossed over. We can say "They're. They're." The Y is a little bit
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ…‰ๆฒขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ Yใฏๅฐ‘ใ—
05:38
forgotten, and it sounds the same as T-H-E-I-R, or T-H-E-R-E. There. Look over there. There.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€T-H-E-I-R ใพใŸใฏT-H-E-R-EใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‰ใ€‚ ๅ‘ใ“ใ†ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€‚ ไธ‰ใ€‚
05:46
Let's look at this in a couple of sentences. I think they're coming in the mail. I think
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใง่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
they're coming in the mail. If you said, "I think they're, they're coming in the mail,"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ† ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๅฑŠใใ€
05:59
with that clear Y sound, it's okay, but when native speakers speak quickly, you're not
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใชY้Ÿณใงๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›
06:03
going to hear that. You're going to hear, "I think they're coming in the mail. I think
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒตไพฟใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒตไพฟใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ
06:07
they're. They're coming in the mail." Or, "They're eating all the cake. They're eating
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
06:14
all the cake." Now really, you're just going to have to pick up on context clues to know
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€็™บ้ŸณใŒๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
06:19
if this is T-H-E-R-E, "Look over there," or if it is, "They're eating all the cake," because
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใ‚ใใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
the pronunciation is the same. They're eating all the cake, save some for me! They're. Let's
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:32
say those two sentences together. I think they're coming in the mail. I think they're
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:37
coming in the mail. They're eating all the cake. They're eating all the cake.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
All right, let's go on to the next reduction. We have another contraction. Did plus not
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๅŽ็ธฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น
06:49
creates this word. Should you say "Didn't? Didn't." Yeah, it's okay, it's clear. But
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ใฏใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
06:57
when native speakers are speaking quickly, you're not going to hear all of those sounds.
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ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:02
Instead, you're going to hear, wait for it, "Didn't. Didn't." It's really two cut-short
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ…ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ2ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใƒˆ
07:10
sounds: di-nn. And that "nn" is going to be in your throat. What in the world is happening
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ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™๏ผšdi-nnใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ€Œnnใ€ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ–‰ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงไธ–็•Œใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃ
07:17
with this word? Well, first of all, the second D, did, did, we're going to just stop that
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎ Dใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
07:23
short in your throat. Di, di, di. The end is going to be pronounced nn, nn, but my tongue
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ–‰ใฎไธญใงใใฎ็Ÿญใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใฏnnใ€nnใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้€š้Žใ•ใ›ใšใซTใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰
07:31
is at the top of my mouth because I need to form that T sound without any air passing
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ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ˆŒใฏๅฃใฎไธŠ้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚Š
07:39
through. Didn't, didn't, nn, nn. My tongue is at the top of my mouth, I didn't say "Didn't,"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€nnใ€nnใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ˆŒ ใฏ็งใฎๅฃใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€
07:48
I didn't make that final puff of air. Instead, my tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth.
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ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏใใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ็งใฎ่ˆŒใฏ็งใฎๅฃใฎไธŠ้ƒจใงๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:53
Can you say that word just by itself with me? Didn't. Didn't. Didn't.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใง็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:59
Let's put it in a sentence. He didn't know the answer. He didn't know the answer. Why
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ๆ–‡ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:07
didn't you clean your room? Why didn't you clean your room? It's pretty essential to
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ ๏ผŸ
08:14
know if this is a positive word, did, or a negative word, didn't, which is pronounced
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:21
di-nn, but it can be pretty hard to hear that final negative part, because the T is stopped
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di-nnใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ ใ€TใŒ็Ÿญใๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่žใใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
short in your mouth. So when you're used to hearing this reduction, hopefully after today's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใงใใ‚ŒใฐไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ
08:33
lesson, you'll feel a little bit more comfortable picking up on if it's a positive sentence
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒ ใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
08:37
or if it's a negative sentence. Let's say those two sentences together. He didn't know
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ใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฟซ้ฉใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
08:41
the answer. He didn't know the answer. Why didn't you clean your room? Why didn't you
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ
08:48
clean your room? Okay, let's go to the next one. Our next reduction
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๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›
08:52
is this word. Should you say "That, that," with a clear "ah" sound? Well, in daily conversation
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ใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎไผš่ฉฑใง
09:02
we often change that vowel sound to be an E. Theh, eh, eh. Notice how my tongue is flat
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ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ Eใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ่ˆŒใŒๅนณใ‚‰ใซใชใฃใฆ
09:10
here. That, That, that. Let's look at some sentences. I think that it's sunny. I think
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
09:18
that it's sunny. I think theh, eh, eh, that it's sunny. You might hear, "I think that
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ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆ™ดใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใจ่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
09:25
it's sunny," but it's a little bit more difficult to create those muscles to make an "ah" sound.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
I think that it's sunny. And instead reductions are using lazy, relaxed style pronunciation,
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ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใฏๆ€ ๆƒฐใงใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
09:40
so we use an "eh" sound instead. I think that, I think that, eh, eh, let's go to the next
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œehใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:47
sentence. She told me that the test was easy. She told me that the test was easy. That,
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ€
09:55
eh, eh. She told me that the test was easy. Let's say those two sentences together. I
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ใˆใˆใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:01
think that it's sunny. I think that it's sunny. She told me that the test was easy. She told
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ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
10:07
me that the test was easy. Okay, let's go on to our next reduction. What
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็งใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:12
about this lovely sentence? It's not exactly just one word that's reduced, but we often
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ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆญฃ็ขบ ใซ1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
10:18
say this whole sentence together, so I want to help you reduce it and understand all of
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
the different reductions for it, because in this situation there's not just one reduction,
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏ1ใคใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
10:28
there are multiple. The first one, the most clear is, I don't know. I don't know. Listen
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ”ฏๆดใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใฎใฏใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
10:35
carefully for the T sound, which makes this contraction negative. I don't know. Did you
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ใ“ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’่ฒ ใซใ™ใ‚‹T้Ÿณใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
10:42
hear it? Nope. Instead, my tongue is stopped at the top of my mouth, this is called a stopped
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่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็งใฎ่ˆŒใฏ ็งใฎๅฃใฎไธŠ้ƒจใงๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸTใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
10:48
T, it happens all the time. We just talked about it a moment ago with didn't. And here
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
10:54
you're going to say, "I don't know." So your tongue is stopped at the top of your mouth
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ่ˆŒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใฎไธŠ้ƒจใงๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
11:00
at the end of this word. You're not saying "I don't." Instead, just "I don't know. I
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘
11:07
don't know." I don't know. I don't know. These reductions are going to gradually get more
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏๅพใ€…ใซ
11:13
and more casual. The next one is, I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. What's the
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ใพใ™ใพใ™ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ
11:19
weather like today? I don't know, I haven't gotten out of bed yet. I don't know. Or you
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ ใพใ ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
11:23
can cut off the D sound and say, "I don't know." I O know, I O know, I don't know. What's
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ใ€D้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
11:31
the weather like? I don't know, I haven't gotten out of bed yet. I don't know.
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ ใพใ ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
11:35
But can we reduce this even further? Yes. You can just add three similar sounds and
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใ‚’3ใค่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—
11:44
say, "Uh-uh. Uh-uh." Unbelievably, every native speaker will absolutely understand if you
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ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡
11:52
say, "Uh-uh." Especially if you do that kind of gesture with your shoulders. It means,
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ใ†ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‚ฉใงใใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
11:58
"I don't know," but you didn't say I, you didn't say don't, you didn't say know. You
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
12:03
just said, "Uh-uh, uh-uh." This is very casual, so don't say this to your boss. If he says,
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ใŸใ ใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช ใฎใงใ€ไธŠๅธใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒ
12:13
"When's the project going to be finished?" "Uh-uh." You might lose your job. It's really
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ„ใค็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
12:18
casual, it usually means "I don't care," too, "I'm kind of detached from this situation."
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:24
"What's the weather like today?" "Uh-uh, I'm sick today, don't ask me, uh-uh." You are
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€่žใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€
12:30
just moving your shoulders and using your intonation to say, "I don't know." Okay, let's
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่‚ฉใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
12:35
go back and practice all of these reductions together. I don't know. I don't know. I don't
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
12:41
know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. Uh-uh. Uh-uh.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€‚
12:49
All right, let's go on to our next reduction. Next we have this common word, and. And. Which
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
12:57
sound do you think we're going to cut out here? Well, there are two common reductions.
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ใฉใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€2ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
The first one is an, an. We're cutting out that final D. But we can also simply say N.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎDใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใซNใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Just the letter N. N. Let's look at some sample sentences. He had cake and ice cream yesterday.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—N.Nใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:19
He had cake and ice cream yesterday. Here we're just saying A-N. He had cake an ice
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใงใฏใ€A-Nใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใซใ—ใŸ
13:28
cream yesterday. Do you see how that lets us link, an ice cream, an ice cream, instead
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š
13:35
of and ice cream? You're just saying cake an ice cream. Cake an ice cream. To use simply
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ใซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:43
the letter N here, I feel like it doesn't sound completely different than an, but you
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ใ“ใ“ใงNใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
13:50
might hear people say, "He had cake N ice cream yesterday." He had cake N ice cream
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่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญNใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญNใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’
13:57
yesterday. He had cake N ice cream yesterday. Let's look at another sentence. I bought bread
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้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญNใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณ
14:05
and eggs, oh, and some chocolate. Hmm. I bought bread and eggs. Oh, and some chocolate. In
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ใจๅตใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใจๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
14:15
all of these I'm using an. Notice how my mouth widens a little bit to say that A vowel. I
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใงใ€็งใฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฃ ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅบƒใŒใฃใฆๆฏ้Ÿณใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:23
bought bread an eggs. Oh, and some chocolate. But if we want to say just N, N, you can say
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใจๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€Nใ€Nใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€
14:34
I bought bread and eggs. Oh, N some chocolate. So my mouth isn't widening that much because
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใจๅตใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
14:42
I'm not saying, "An," I'm just saying N. You've got two options. Let's say both of these sentences
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ใ€ใ€ŒAnใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€Nใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€ๅฃใฏใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅบƒใŒใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚2ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
14:48
together. He had cake and ice cream yesterday. He had cake and ice cream yesterday. I bought
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใจๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
14:55
bread and eggs. Oh, and some chocolate. I bought bread and eggs. Oh, and some chocolate.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใจๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
15:02
Okay, let's go to our next reduction. Our next reduction is this word: to. But as
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™๏ผštoใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
15:10
you can imagine, we don't say "to." Instead, there are two different ways that we can reduce
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ใ”ๆƒณๅƒใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใซใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
15:17
this. You could say to, ah, with an "ah" vowel. Or you can simply say t, t, just that T sound,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซtใ€tใ€ใใฎT้Ÿณใ€tใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
15:28
t. Let's look at some sentences. She gave a present to me. To me, to me. I'm just saying,
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€‚ ็งใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
15:37
t plus me. To me. To me. She gave a present to me. She gave a present to me. She gave
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tใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น็งใ€‚ ็งใซใ€‚ ็งใซใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
15:44
a present to me. Do you see how fast that is? When you learn these reductions, you're
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็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้€Ÿใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใ€
15:50
going to be able to hear those and hopefully eventually you'll be able to use them yourself,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
15:54
but it's going to help you pick up on words and phrases that you didn't hear before because
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใไปฅๅ‰ใซ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
15:59
maybe you were expecting someone to say, "She gave a present to me," to me, with that full
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆฏ้Ÿณใง็งใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
16:04
vowel, but instead we just say "She gave a present to me." To me, so short.
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ใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:10
What about this sentence? It's polite to say thank you. It's polite to say thank you, to
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€่จ€ใ†ใ€่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„
16:15
say, to say. It's polite to say thank you. You might hear some people say "It's polite
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
16:23
to say," It's polite to say, to, to say, it's polite to say thank you, but I feel like it's
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ใŒใ€่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
16:29
a little bit more common just to simply have t, t, to say. To me. It's polite to say thank
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ๅ˜ใซ tใ€tใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€‚ ็งใซใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„
16:37
you. Let's say those two sentences together. She gave a present to me. She gave a present
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
16:43
to me. It's polite to say thank you. It's polite to say thank you. Great work. Let's
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็งใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใ”ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
16:50
go on to our final reduction. Or is it our final reduction? Let's go.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
16:55
The next reduction is this word or these two words together: going to, going to. There
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ๆฌกใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
17:02
are a lot of different ways that we can reduce this and because we talk about the future,
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ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
17:07
something that we're going to do in the future, a lot, this is a super common reduction. Let's
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฐ†ๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™
17:13
take a look at some sample sentences so that you can practice a couple of different ways
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
17:17
to reduce this. "I'm going to study this lesson." Okay. This
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
17:22
is every word very clear and very understandable, but native speakers don't speak like that.
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ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใง้žๅธธใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:29
So our first most common reduction is to say, "I'm gonna study this lesson." Going and to,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
17:37
together, make gonna. The word to changes into just a. I'm gonna study this lesson.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ€่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ใŸใ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:46
I'm gonna study this lesson again because these are a lot of reductions and I feel like
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใง
17:50
I need to practice it again and again to actually understand them in daily conversation. Great.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
17:56
I'm gonna practice this lesson. I'm gonna to study this lesson every day. What if you
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
18:00
wanted to say it even faster? What sound can we cut out? Well, cut out the G and say, I'm
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚“ใช้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€Gใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏ
18:07
unna study this lesson. I'm unna study this lesson. I'm unna study this lesson. I'm unna
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
18:15
study this lesson. What are you doing today? Oh, I think I'm unna study this lesson again.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:20
I'm unna. I'm unna. Can we reduce this even further? Yes. The
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็งใฏใ‚ฆใƒณใƒŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ฆใƒณใƒŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚
18:25
answer is yes. We can always reduce things further, right? So we could say, I'm a study
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ ใจ่จ€ใˆ
18:32
this lesson. This one is less common, but you still will hear this. If someone says,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
18:37
"Hey, what are you doing this afternoon?" "Oh, I think I'm a study this lesson a little
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ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
18:41
bit more." I'm a. It's not quite as common, but you're definitely gonna hear this occasionally.
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ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใŸใพใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:48
The most common are I'm going to, with that clear G, or I'm unna, with the G cut out.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏใ€ใใฎๆ˜Ž็ขบใชGใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่กŒใ ใ‹ใ€Gใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใŸ็Šถๆ…‹ใงunnaใงใ™ใ€‚
18:56
What about this sentence? "When are you going to go?" Yeah, it's okay, very clear, but not
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ "ใ„ใค่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉ่‡ช็„ถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
19:04
quite so natural. You could say, "When are you gonna go?" When are you gonna go? When
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ
19:10
are you gonna go? Or you could say really quickly, "When are you unna go?" I feel like
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ใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ‚ฆใƒณใƒŠ่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจใ™ใใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ้ŸณใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ€
19:18
it's less common to cut out the G when you have you as the subject because that's a lot
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไธป่ชžใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซGใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜
19:25
of vowels together. You unna. You unna go. But you will occasionally hear that. It's
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใใชใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:31
more common to use unna with I'm. I'm unna go. And when you have the word you, you can
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซunnaใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ฆใƒณใƒŠใ‚ดใƒผใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ
19:38
stick with you. You gonna go. When are you gonna go? When are you gonna go?
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ๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ ใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ
19:46
Let's practice those two sentences together. I'm gonna study this lesson. I'm gonna study
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:52
this lesson. Let's say it without the G. I'm unna study this lesson. I'm unna study this
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ Gใชใ—ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็งใฏ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„
19:58
lesson. And our second sentence, when are you gonna go? When are you gonna go?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใค ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใค่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ
20:05
Before we go on to our big challenge sentence, I'd like to give you three bonus reductions
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ๅคงใใชใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ
20:11
that I talked about up here in this lesson, but I felt like they needed to be included
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’3ใคใ‚ใ’ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใซใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸ
20:14
in a reduction lesson as well. They are, want to, have to and have got to. Hmm. How can
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ— ใŸใ„ใ€ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ
20:25
we reduce those? Well, we just talked about gonna, so let's say, wanna, hafta, gotta.
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ใฐใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€haftaใ€ๅพ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:36
Let's take a look at some sentences. I wanna study English. Want to are reduced to wanna.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใ„ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใ€‚
20:43
I wanna study English. I hafta study English. Have and to are reduced to hafta. I hafta
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏhaftaใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
20:55
study English. Or I have got to study English. This is really strong. That can be reduced
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
21:03
to I gotta study English. I gotta study English. Gotta. So here, we have wanna, hafta, gotta.
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็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซ้‚„ๅ…ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠๅฅจใ‚ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใƒใƒ•ใ‚ฟใ€ใŠๅฅจใ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:11
Can you say those sentences with me? I wanna study English. I wanna study English. I hafta
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
21:19
study English. I hafta study English. I gotta study English. I gotta study English. Great
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:27
work with all 10 or we could say 14 of these reductions.
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10ๅ€‹ใ™ในใฆใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใ†ใก14ๅ€‹ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:31
Are you ready for a challenge sentence? Are your pronunciation muscles ready for a challenge
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ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใฏๆŒ‘ๆˆฆๆ–‡ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„
21:35
sentence? Let's look at this nice long sentence that uses all of the reductions we just talked
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใช้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:41
about. We're going to practice it a couple times and I hope that you can say it out loud
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ใ€‚ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„
21:44
with me. Let's look at it. All of the keywords that we talked about are
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ
21:48
in yellow, so make sure that you note those ones. Let's say this a little bit slowly at
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ใ™ในใฆ้ป„่‰ฒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฟ…ใšใƒกใƒขใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ
21:53
first so that you can pick up on all of the things we talked about. I saw his note to
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่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคซใธใฎๅฝผใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ
22:01
my husband, but I didn't know that your dog and cat were also gonna sleep in our house.
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Šฌ ใจ็Œซใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎๅฎถใงๅฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:12
So we can imagine in this situation that someone is gonna spend the night at your house, but
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใงๅคœใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€
22:17
they're also bringing their dog and their cat. Let's say this a little bit faster. I
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็Šฌใจ็Œซใ‚‚้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:23
saw his note to my husband, but I didn't know that your dog and cat were also gonna sleep
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็งใฏๅคซใธใฎๅฝผใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Šฌใจ็Œซใ‚‚
22:31
in our house. Let's say it one more time. I saw his note to my husband, but I didn't
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็งใŸใกใฎๅฎถใงๅฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคซใธใฎๅฝผใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ
22:37
know that your dog and cat were also gonna sleep in our house. How did you do with this
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Šฌใจ็Œซใ‚‚ ็งใŸใกใฎๅฎถใงๅฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸ
22:42
challenge sentence? I hope that it exercised your pronunciation muscles well.
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ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ใ†ใพใๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:47
And now, I have a question for you. Which one of these reductions was new for you? Let
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใ†ใกใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:51
me know in the comments. I'm curious to hear what you have to say. And of course, if this
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
22:55
was a lot to learn, feel free to go back and practice this lesson again. Thanks so much
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ใŒๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆˆปใฃใฆ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:00
for learning English with me and I'll see you again next Friday for a new lesson here
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅ
23:04
on my YouTube channel. Bye. The next step is to download my free ebook,
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ใซใพใŸ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏ
23:10
Five Steps to Becoming a Confident English Speaker. You'll learn what you need to do
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ใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ5ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
23:14
to speak confidently and fluently. Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
23:20
free lessons. Thanks so much. Bye.
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ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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