English: How to Pronounce L consonant: American Accent

664,101 views ใƒป 2011-03-24

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
The L consonant sound. This sound is especially difficult for people who don't have it in
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Lๅญ้Ÿณใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏ็‰นใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„
00:13
their native language. This might be because there's actually two parts to it. It can be
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
either a light L or a dark L. However, in the International Phonetic Alphabet, there
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„LใพใŸใฏๆš—ใ„Lใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ๅ›ฝ้š›้Ÿณๅฃฐ
00:24
is only one symbol that represents this sound, either a light L or a dark L. The L is light
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่จ˜ๅทใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™่จ˜ๅทใฏ ใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„LใพใŸใฏๆš—ใ„Lใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹1ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚Lใฏ
00:32
if it comes before the vowel or diphthong in the syllable. If it comes after the vowel
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€‚
00:38
or diphthong in a syllable, it is a dark L. First, the light L. To make this sound, the
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚„ใ‚ธใƒ•ใƒˆใƒณใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„Lใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™
00:44
tip of the tongue reaches up, ll, ll, and touches the roof of the mouth just behind
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ใซใฏใ€่ˆŒใฎๅ…ˆใŒไธŠใซๅฑŠใใ€llใ€llใ€ใ™ใๅพŒใ‚ใฎๅฃ่“‹ใซ ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
the front teeth, ll, ll, as the vocal cords are making sound. I've also noticed, as I've
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ๅฃฐๅธฏใŒ้ณดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๅ‰ๆญฏใ€llใ€ll ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
00:59
studied my own speech in slow motion, that sometimes I make this sound by bringing the
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใ‚’ๆญฏใซ้€šใ—ใฆใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ
01:04
tip of the tongue through the teeth, ll, ll, similar to the position for th, th, the TH
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ใ€‚llใ€llใ€ thใ€thใ€THใฎไฝ็ฝฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:13
sounds. Either position is fine, ll, like, touching the roof of the mouth, Ll, like,
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้Ÿณใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€llใ€ๅฃ่“‹ใซ ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€Llใ€
01:22
coming through the teeth, like the TH. Both make the same sound. That is the light L.
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ๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€THใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„Lใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
And now the dark L. As I said, an L is a dark L if it comes after the vowel or diphthong
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใฏๆš—ใ„Lใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Lใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใฎๆฏ้ŸณใพใŸใฏไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้ŸณใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใงใ™
01:36
in a syllable, like in the word real. Dark L's have two parts, The first is a vowel-like
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ใ€‚ Dark Lใซใฏ2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€
01:44
sound that is not written in IPA, but is certainly there. And the second is simply the same position
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IPAใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒใ€็ขบใ‹ใซ ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆLใจๅ˜็ด”ใซๅŒใ˜ไฝ็ฝฎ
01:50
as the light L. Lets go back to the example word, real, to talk about this. In IPA it
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ IPAใงใฏ
01:57
is written with three symbols: the R, the ee vowel, and the L. But as I say it slowly,
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ใ€Rใ€eeๆฏ้Ÿณใ€Lใฎ3ใคใฎ่จ˜ๅทใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
02:06
notice that there are actually four sounds. There is a sound between the ee and th ll.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ4ใคใฎ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ eeใจthllใฎ้–“ใซ้ŸณใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
Rrrreeeaaalllll. It's this third sound, this vowel-like sound that comes before the L but
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Rrrreeeaaalllllใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ3็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ ใ€Lใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใŒ
02:26
is not represented by a symbol in IPA. So the dark L is made up of two parts: this vowel-like
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ใ€IPAใงใฏ่จ˜ๅทใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใจLใฎ2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
02:32
sound and then the L. What is the vowel-like sound? It's very similar to the 'uh' as in
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้Ÿณใจใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒซใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„
02:40
'pull' sound. So, the tip of the tongue has pulled back a little bit, it's not touching
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผ•ใๆˆปใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€
02:45
anything. The tongue is raised somewhat towards the middle, and the lips round a little bit
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ไฝ•ใซใ‚‚่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚„ไธญๅคฎใซไธŠใ’ใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ๅ‰ ใซๅ”‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไธธใ
02:54
before the tip of the tongue moves up to make the L sound. So if you're saying a word like
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ใชใ‚Šใ€L้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
03:04
real or pool, where the tip of the tongue is forward for the vowel, real, it has to
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ๆœฌ็‰ฉใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ˆŒ ใฎๅ…ˆใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:14
pull back, ri-, uh, ul, to make that dark L sound. If you leave it out, real, real,
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ใ€ใใฎๆš—ใ„L้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใซใฏใ€ๅผ•ใๆˆปใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใ€ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใ€
03:25
it does not sound correct. And let's look at the word pool. The 'oo' as in 'boo' vowel
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œbooใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ€Œooใ€
03:31
has the tongue tip forward. Pool. So the tongue has to pull back a little bit, the tip doesn't
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ใฏใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒๅ‰ๆ–นใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ˆŒใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผ•ใๆˆปใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
touch anything, before the tip moves up to make the L sound. Pool. So the light L: one
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ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใŒไธŠใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆL้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฏไฝ•ใซใ‚‚่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…‰L๏ผš1
03:51
sound, ll. The dark L, two sounds, ul. First a vowel sound like the 'uh' as in 'pull',
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ใคใฎ้Ÿณใ€llใ€‚ ๆš—ใ„Lใ€2ใคใฎ้Ÿณใ€ulใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซใ€Œใƒ—ใƒซใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฏ้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใ€
04:01
then the L sound. In the light L, ll, it's just the tip of the tongue that's either raising
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ๆฌกใซL้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ปฝใ„Lใ€llใงใฏใ€ๆญฏ ใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ˆŒใฎๅ…ˆ็ซฏใ ใ‘
04:08
or coming through the teeth. So the sound will feel very far forward. In the dark L,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้Ÿณ ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ‰ๅ‘ใใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆš—ใ„Lใงใฏ
04:14
the middle part of the tongue is raising a bit in that vowel-like sound. So since the
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ใ€่ˆŒใฎไธญๅคฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ ใใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
04:19
middle part of the tongue is doing some work, ul, ul, the sound will feel more in the middle
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ใ€่ˆŒใฎไธญๅคฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒulใ€ulใฎไฝœๆฅญใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€้Ÿณใฏ
04:25
of the mouth, further back than the light L. This is a photo of four different mouth
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ๅฃใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใงใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆLใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅพŒใ‚ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏL้Ÿณใฎ4ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฃใฎไฝ็ฝฎใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใ™
04:31
positions for the L sound. As you can see in the first two, the tongue actually comes
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ2ใคใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ˆŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
04:37
through the teeth. Number 1 is the L on the word last, and number 2 on the word flew.
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ๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ 1็•ชใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎL ใงใ€2็•ชใฏ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
In number 3 you can see that the tongue is not coming through the teeth. This is on the
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็•ชๅท3ใงใฏใ€่ˆŒใŒ ๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
04:50
word flight. In this word, the tip of the tongue is touching the roof of the mouth,
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้ฃ›่กŒใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ€่ˆŒใฎๅ…ˆ็ซฏใŒ ๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆ
04:56
and the teeth are closed before it opens into the 'ai' as in 'buy' diphthong. And in number
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ณผๅ…ฅใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œaiใ€ใซ้–‹ใๅ‰ใซๆญฏใŒ้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ4็•ชใซ
05:02
4 you see the position of the L in the word fall. Here the L comes at the end of the syllable,
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ใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ฝไธ‹ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹Lใฎไฝ็ฝฎใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงLใฏ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆฅใ‚‹
05:09
so it is a dark L. So it has this vowel-like sound that comes before it and you see this
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ใฎใงใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ้ŸณใŒ
05:15
mouth shape, where the lips come in a little bit at the corners, making the uh sound as
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ”‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—่ง’ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅฃใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ
05:21
part of the dark L. Here we see a photo of the mouth at rest on the left compared with
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ใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใฎไธ€้ƒจใจใ—ใฆใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅณๅดใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„L้Ÿณ ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅทฆๅดใซ้™ๆญขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฃใฎๅ†™็œŸใŒ่กจ็คบใ•
05:26
the light L sound on the right. Here some of the parts of the mouth are drawn in. You
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใซๅฃใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒๅผ•ใ่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ
05:33
can see that the soft palate is raised on this sound. As you know from these forward-facing
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ใง่ปŸๅฃ่“‹ใŒๆตฎใไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰ๅ‘ใใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹
05:39
photos, the tongue can sometimes come through the teeth, but not always. Here, this would
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ˆŒใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:45
show where the tongue does not come through the teeth, but rather, where it touches the
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่ˆŒใŒๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใชใใ€่ˆŒใŒ ๆญฏ
05:49
roof of the mouth just where it meets the teeth. The tongue tip stretches up for this.
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ใจๅ‡บไผšใ†ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๅฃ่“‹ใซๆŽฅ่งฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’็คบใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒไผธใณใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
But in some of those forward-facing photos, you saw the tongue come through the teeth.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰ๅ‘ใใฎๅ†™็œŸใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใง ใฏใ€่ˆŒใŒๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:00
For that the tongue reaches forward and touches just below the bottom of the top tooth, showing
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ˆŒใฏๅ‰ๆ–นใซ้”ใ— ใ€ไธŠใฎๆญฏใฎๅบ•ใฎใ™ใไธ‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œ
06:07
some of the tongue. Here are both of those tongue positions. Here we see a different
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ใ€่ˆŒใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธกๆ–นใฎ ่ˆŒใฎไฝ็ฝฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎ
06:13
comparison. Rather than comparing the mouth at rest, this photo compares both parts of
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใฏใ€ๅฎ‰้™ๆ™‚ใฎๅฃใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆš—ใ„L้Ÿณใฎไธกๆ–นใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:20
the dark L sound. On the left, you see the vowel-like sound that comes before the L,
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ใ€‚ ๅทฆๅด ใซใฏLใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใŒ
06:26
and on the right you see the L. In the vowel-like sound, the tongue fattens up towards the middle
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅณๅดใซใฏLใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ้Ÿณใงใฏใ€่ˆŒใŒไธญๅคฎใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅคชใใชใ‚Š
06:32
and raises slightly as the lips round a bit. In the second half of the dark L sound the
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ใ€ๅ”‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไธธใใชใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆš—ใ„L้ŸณใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใฏใ€
06:39
tongue moves forward. In fact, this vowel-like sound happens as the tongue is moving forward
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่ˆŒใŒๅ‰ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ้Ÿณใฏใ€่ˆŒใŒ
06:45
into the final position of the dark L. Sample words for the light L: lap, fly, relief. Sample
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ๆš—ใ„Lใฎๆœ€็ต‚ไฝ็ฝฎใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅ‰้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„Lใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซ ๅ˜่ชž๏ผšใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใ€ใƒฌใƒชใƒผใƒ•ใ€‚
06:57
words for the dark L: fill, tool, cuddle. Sample sentence: Last fall we got a good deal
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ๆš—ใ„Lใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๅ˜่ชž๏ผšๅก—ใ‚Šใคใถใ—ใ€ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ€ๆŠฑๆ“ใ€‚ ไพ‹ๆ–‡๏ผšๆ˜จๅนดใฎ็ง‹
07:08
on last minute flights when we flew to California. Now you'll see this sentence in up close and
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ใ€ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขใซ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใจใใ€ๅœŸๅฃ‡ๅ ดใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใงใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ
07:13
in slow motion, both straight on and from an angle, so you can really study how the mouth moves
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็œŸใฃ็›ดใใซใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฟ‘ใใงใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใใซๅฃใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹•ใใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
07:19
when making this sound. The first word, last, begins with an L. It comes through the teeth.
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชž ใฏLใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
Fall, the second word, has a dark L. The bottom lip comes up to make the F sound. The 'aw'
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹Fallใฏใ€ๆš—ใ„Lใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ‹ ๅ”‡ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆF้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
as in 'law' and the dark L. Note the shape of the lips. And there the tongue goes up
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ใ€Œๆณ•ๅ‰‡ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€Œawใ€ใจๆš—ใ„Lใ€‚ๅ”‡ใฎๅฝขใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใง่ˆŒใŒๅฃ่“‹ใพใง
07:45
to the roof of the mouth to finish the L sound. We got, tongue comes up to make the T. A good
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ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ€L้Ÿณใ‚’ไป•ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€Tใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ˆŒใŒๅ‡บใฆใใŸใ€‚
07:58
deal, this has the dark L. You see the tongue come up there. On last minute flights. You
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆš—ใ„Lใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ“ใซ่ˆŒใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็›ดๅ‰ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ€‚
08:22
see the tongue was up at the teeth and then came down for the 'ai' as in 'buy' diphthong.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ˆŒใŒๆญฏใงไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ่ฒทใ†ใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œaiใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไธ‹ใŒใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:27
When we flew. Now here you can't really see the tongue because the next sound is the 'oo'
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็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใจใใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎ้Ÿณใฏ
08:35
as in 'boo' and the lips are too tight to see. California. I bring the tongue through
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ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œooใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ”‡ใŒใใคใ™ใŽใฆ ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ˆŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ€‚ ็ง
08:41
the teeth to make this L. The bottom lip comes up for the F, -ornia. The tongue comes up
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ใฏใ“ใฎLใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่ˆŒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ‹ๅ”‡ใฏFใ€-orniaใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใŒไธŠใŒใฃ
08:51
to make the N and pulls down. And now from an angle. Last fall. Lip comes up to make
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ใฆNใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ๅผ•ใไธ‹ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ๆ˜จ็ง‹ใ€‚ ๅ”‡ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆFใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Š
09:10
the F. The 'aw' as in 'law' and the dark L, watch the tongue come up here to finish the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆณ•ๅ‰‡ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œawใ€ใจๆš—ใ„Lใ€ ่ˆŒใŒใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
09:20
dark L sound. We got, tongue taps up there to make the T, a good deal, another dark L,
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ๆš—ใ„Lใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใ‚’ใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ—ใ— ใฆTใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใฎๆš—ใ„L
09:40
you can see the tongue come up here to make the end part of the L. On last minute flights,
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ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใง่ˆŒใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆ ใ€Lใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎ
09:59
you can see the tongue come down quickly from having been behind the teeth. When we flew,
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅœŸๅฃ‡ๅ ดใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏใ€่ˆŒใŒใ™ใใซไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฏใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใจใใ€
10:12
again, there's an L in this word but you can't see it because the lips are so tight on the
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ๅ†ใณใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏLใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅ”‡ใŒใ€Œbooใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œooใ€ใง้žๅธธใซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
10:18
'oo' as in 'boo'. To Cal-, tongue makes the L, California. Tongue comes up, this time
76
618210
14560
ใ€‚ Cal-ใซใจใฃใฆใ€่ˆŒใฏ ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขใฎLใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ˆŒใŒๅ‡บใฆใ
10:32
it's making the N in California. That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
77
632770
7000
ใฆใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขใงๅŒ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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