Rachel's English Trifle โœ๏ธLearn English with Friends TV Show ๐Ÿ‘€Rachelโ€™s English

329,880 views ใƒป 2019-11-26

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
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00:00
Thanksgiving is just around the corner,
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใŒ้–“่ฟ‘ใซ่ฟซใฃ
00:02
so, today we're going to study
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:03
the Friends Thanksgiving episode
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00:06
where Rachel famously makes an English trifle.
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ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใŒๆœ‰ๅ ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใ•ใ„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
It's the Rachel's English trifle.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใ•ใ„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
We're going to take a little scene from this episode
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ใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š
00:15
and we're going to do a full pronunciation analysis.
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ใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็™บ้Ÿณๅˆ†ๆžใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
So, by the end of this video,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใซใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใƒปใ‚ฐใƒชใƒผใƒณใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
00:19
you're going to be able to speak English
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
00:21
just like Rachel Green.
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ใ€‚
00:27
Here's the scene.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:29
So, if I mess this up,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰
00:30
there's nothing else for dessert?
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ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:33
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:35
Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
Thank you. - Yeah.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ - ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:38
Technical question,
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•
00:39
how do you know when the butter's done?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใค็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
Well, it's done about two minutes
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:43
before it looks like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:47
Actually, next week, we're going to do another scene
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ๅฎŸใฏๆฅ้€ฑใ€ใ“ใฎๅŒใ˜ใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:50
from this same episode.
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ใ€‚
00:51
It's where Rachel is describing the trifle to Joey and Ross.
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ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใŒ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚คใจใƒญใ‚นใซใ•ใ•ใ„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
So, be sure to come back and check that out.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฟ…ใšๆˆปใฃใฆใ ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:57
Now, let's do the full analysis.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅˆ†ๆžใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:59
What makes American English sound American?
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:03
It has a lot to do with the stress
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œ
01:05
and we'll talk about that.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
So, if I, if I mess this up
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
01:08
In this first phrase, she repeats herself.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
She repeats if I, and these two words are linked together
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใชใ‚‰็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
01:15
and said so quickly both times.
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ใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใจใฆใ‚‚้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:18
If I, If I.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
01:19
If I, If I, If I, If I, If I, If I.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰
01:21
So, if I, if I.
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01:23
So, if I, if I.
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01:25
So, if I, if I.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
01:26
So, the words are unstressed,
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œ
01:28
they're flatter in pitch.
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ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
If I, If I, If I, If I.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใ€‚
01:31
And they link together with that F consonant.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใใฎFๅญ้Ÿณใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
So, we have the ih vowel, which we barely hear,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ihๆฏ้Ÿณ
01:37
the F consonant, which links right into the I diphthong,
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ใ€Fๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏIไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณ
01:40
f'I, f'I, f'I, f'I.
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f'Iใ€f'Iใ€f'Iใ€f'Iใซ็›ดๆŽฅใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
So, if I, if I.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
01:45
So, if I, if I.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
01:47
So, if I, if I mess this up.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
01:49
The word so is longer, it's more stressed.
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่จ€่‘‰ใŒ ้•ทใ„ใปใฉใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใŸใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
So, f'I, f'I.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€f'Iใ€f'Iใ€‚
01:54
And then, we have mess this up.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:58
And the pitch goes up.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:00
That's to show that she is not done talking.
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่ฉฑใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:03
This is the first part of what she wants to say.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
So, if I, if I mess this up.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:07
So, if I, if I mess this up.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:09
So, if I, if I mess this up.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
02:11
If I, if I,
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ€
02:13
unstressed links together, no break.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:15
And then, the word this also unstressed.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Listen to the words mess this up.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:21
Mess this up,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
02:22
Mess this up,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
02:23
Mess this up.
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ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:24
Mess this up, mess this up.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ€‚
02:27
Mess up, more stressed.
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ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
02:30
This, said very quickly, flatter and lower in pitch.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไฝŽใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:34
Mess this up.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Mess this up,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
02:36
Mess this up
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
02:37
Mess this up.
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ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:38
And everything links together very smoothly.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒ ้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
No breaks between words.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใซ้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:44
Mess this up,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
02:46
Mess this up,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
02:47
Mess this up,2
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ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€2
02:48
there's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใซใฏไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—
02:49
The P in up is not released.
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ใฎP ใฏ่งฃๆ”พใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:52
It's not up there's.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:54
But it's up there's.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Up, lips come together for the P,
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ไธŠใซใ€ๅ”‡ใฏPใฎใŸใ‚ใซไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
02:58
but there's no puff of air, no release.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚‚่งฃๆ”พใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:00
That's because the next word begins with a consonant,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชž ใŒๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
03:03
and that's fairly common for stop consonants.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅœๆญขๅญ้Ÿณใงใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:06
Up there's.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
Up there's, up there's.
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ใใ“ใซใ€ใใ“ใซใ€‚
03:09
- Mess this up, there's,
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-ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
03:11
mess this up, there's,
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ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ€
03:12
mess this up, there's nothing else for dessert?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:15
Let's listen to the rest of the sentence.
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:17
What are our stressed words?
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็งใŸใกใฎๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:18
- There's nothing else for dessert?
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-ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:20
There's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:22
There's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:24
Nothing, else, dessert.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€ไป–ใซใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
03:29
And again, dessert, pitch goes up, just like it did here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใจใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
Now, here at the end of up,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
03:35
it went up because she was continuing her thought.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่€ƒใˆ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:38
Here it's goes up because it's a yes-no question.
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ใฏใ„-ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
There's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:43
- There's nothing else for dessert?
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-ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:45
There's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:46
There's nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:48
No, there's nothing else for dessert.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:50
So, noth, else and ssert are our stressed syllables.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€nothใ€elseใจssert ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Let's look at the word there's.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:59
There's nothing,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€
04:00
There's nothing,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€
04:01
There's nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจๆฏ้Ÿณ
04:03
It's not fully pronounced
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ใงๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
04:04
with the eh vowel, is it?
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ใญ๏ผŸ
04:05
It's more like there's, there's, there's.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:08
I would write that with a TH, schwa, R, Z.
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THใ€schwaใ€Rใ€Zใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ
04:13
There's, there's.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
There's nothing, there's nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:16
There's nothing,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€
04:18
there's nothing,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€
04:19
there's nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
04:20
This is a common way to pronounce this word.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
It can reduce here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
It's not one of the more important words in the sentence.
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใฎ1ใคใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:27
There's nothing, there's nothing, there's nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
04:31
The word nothing, we have an unvoiced TH,
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็„กๅฃฐใฎTHใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
04:33
that sound can me tricky.
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ใใฎ้Ÿณใฏ็งใŒใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
Tongue tip does have to come through the teeth for that.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆ ใŒๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
Nothing, nothing.
126
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€‚
04:39
And even though we have the letter O here,
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ใ“ใ“ใซOใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
04:42
it's not an O sound, it's the uh as in butter sound, nuh.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏOใฎ้Ÿณใงใฏใชใ ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Noth, nothing.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:49
Nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
04:50
Nothing else.
131
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ไป–ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:52
Nothing else, nothing else, nothing else for dessert?
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ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€ไป–ใซ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:55
What do you notice about the word for?
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ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:58
Nothing else for dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:00
Nothing else for dessert?
135
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:01
Nothing else for dessert?
136
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:03
It's not for, is it?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:05
For dessert, it's for dessert.
138
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใฏใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
For, for, for.
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ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
05:09
That word reduces.
140
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆธ›ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
The vowel changes to the schwa.
141
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ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
And schwa gets absorbed by the R.
142
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏRใซๅคขไธญใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:17
So, we try not to even make a vowel there.
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ใใ“ใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ“ใงๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:19
For, for, for.
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ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
05:21
For dessert?
145
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ็”จ๏ผŸ
05:23
- For dessert?
146
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- ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ็”จ๏ผŸ
05:24
For dessert?
147
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ็”จ๏ผŸ
05:25
For dessert?
148
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ็”จ๏ผŸ
05:26
And you might be noticing
149
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:28
the double S in this word, dessert, is pronounced as a Z.
150
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไบŒ้‡ใฎSใ€ ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใŒZใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:33
Dessert?
151
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ใ€‚ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:34
- Dessert?
152
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- ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:36
Dessert?
153
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859
05:36
Dessert?
154
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:38
What happens to the T
155
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05:39
at the end of this word?
156
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎTใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:41
Do you hear it?
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่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:42
- Dessert?
158
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- ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:43
Dessert?
159
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:44
Dessert?
160
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:46
No, we don't hear it.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:47
She makes that a stop.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Dessert, dessert.
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
05:51
It's not dessert.
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:53
- Dessert?
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- ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:54
Dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:55
Dessert?
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆ๏ผŸ
05:57
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:58
So, Monica gives her
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใฏๅฝผๅฅณ
06:01
a very friendly, kind response.
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ใซใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใง่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชๅๅฟœใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
What are her most stressed words?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:05
- You're not gonna mess it up.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:07
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:09
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:11
You're not.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
06:14
Little bit more up-down shape there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠไธ‹ใฎๅฝขใ€‚
06:16
Little more length, little more stress.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ•ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
06:18
You're not, mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
And then, up has the most stress.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€upใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
It's part of that phrasal verb.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:26
So, she's stressing the phrasal verb, to mess something up,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใ€
06:29
and then, she's stressing the word not.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:31
The other words are less stressed
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ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ
06:34
and every word in this thought group flows together.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ไธ€็ท’ใซๆตใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
There's no break between words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้–“ใซ้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:40
Very smooth connection.
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้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใชๆŽฅ็ถšใ€‚
06:42
- You're not gonna mess it up.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:44
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:46
You're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:48
Do we have any reductions?
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:49
Let's look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
06:50
How about you are?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:51
How is this contraction pronounced?
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ใ“ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:54
- You're not, you're not, you're not.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:57
You're, you're, you're not, you're.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:00
Very fast, very low in pitch, very low in volume.
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้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใใ€ ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒ้žๅธธใซไฝŽใใ€้Ÿณ้‡ใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:05
You're, you're, you're, you're not, you're not.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:08
It's gotta sound really different than not
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้•ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆ
07:11
and let it blend right into it.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใซๆบถใ‘่พผใพใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:13
No break, very smooth connection.
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้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใชๆŽฅ็ถšใ€‚
07:15
You're not, you're not.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
The T at the end of not is a stop T,
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notใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใฎTใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€
07:20
we don't wanna release, t, that is not what she does.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€tใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:24
- You're not,
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
07:27
you're not gonna mess it up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:28
Stop T because the next word
206
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ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชž
07:30
begins with a consonant, the G consonant.
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ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใ€Gๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€Tใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Now we have going to.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
That is reduced, isn't it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆธ›ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
07:38
She doesn't say going to, she says gonna.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่กŒใใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่กŒใใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
07:40
That's so common in conversational English.
211
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ไผš่ฉฑๅž‹่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
And it's said very quickly, isn't it?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใญ๏ผŸ
07:45
Gonna, gonna, gonna.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:47
Actually, these four words, going to mess it,
214
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ4ใคใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Š
07:51
are all said pretty quickly.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
Gonna mess it, gonna mess it, gonna mess it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
07:55
Gonna mess it,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€
07:58
And they all link together really smoothly.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:00
The schwa at the end of gonna
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏใ€
08:04
glides right into M with no break, gonna mess.
220
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้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใMใซๆป‘ใ‚Š่พผใฟใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
Then, the ending S sound, now here, double S, is and S,
221
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎSใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซSใ€isใŠใ‚ˆใณSใฏ
08:13
links right into the vowel of it,
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ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใซ็›ดๆŽฅใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
08:16
mess it, mess it, mess it, mess it.
223
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ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ€ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ€ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ€ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
Gonna mess it, gonna mess it, gonna mess it.
224
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
08:21
- Gonna mess it,
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-ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š
08:24
What about the T in it?
226
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ใงใ™ใ€ใใฎไธญใฎTใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:26
Mess it up,
227
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ€
08:31
This is actually a really quick flapped T
228
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
08:33
connecting the two words.
229
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ใฏ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚
08:35
It's very common to make a T a flapped T
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใซTใ‚’ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
08:37
when it comes before and after a vowel.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:40
And that's what happens here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:41
Mess it up, mess it up.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:43
Mess it uh, tuh, tuh, tuh, tuh.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
Really quick flap of the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
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ๅฃ่“‹ใฎ่ˆŒใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ้€Ÿใ„ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚
08:50
Mess it up,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
08:54
And here at the end of the thought group,
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ ใงๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
08:56
it's not followed by another word.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:58
She does do a really light release of the P sound.
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ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏPใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ปฝใ„ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:02
Mess it up.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:05
Mess it up,
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ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€
09:09
What does the phrasal verb mess up mean?
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆททไนฑใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:12
Mess this up, mess it up.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:14
It means to do it the wrong way.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:17
You can mess up a recipe.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ”ใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
You can mess up a relationship.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
"I messed up, I forgot to call him."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒใซใชใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ€
09:24
You can mess up anything.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
To do something the wrong way, to forget something,
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ไฝ•ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ
09:29
to get something messy, "I messed up my new shirt.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑšใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:32
"I got makeup on it."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใซๅŒ–็ฒงใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:34
And Rachel here is afraid she's gonna mess up the dessert.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฟƒ้… ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
Mess it up,
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09:42
Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:44
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„
09:45
Thank you. - Yeah.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚-ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใง
09:46
What are our stressed syllables
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณ็ฏ€
09:48
in this phrase.
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ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:50
Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:51
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„
09:53
Thank you. - Yeah.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚-ใใ†ใงใ™
09:54
- Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ€‚- ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:55
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„
09:57
Thank you. - Yeah.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚-ใ†ใ‚“
09:58
- Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ€‚-ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:00
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„
10:01
Thank you. - Yeah.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚-ใ†ใ‚“
10:03
- [Instructor] Wow, Monica,
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ใ€‚-[ใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผ]ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซ ใ€
10:05
I love that.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:08
I and that less stressed.
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็งใจใใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:10
Also, the unstressed syllables nica, nica, nica.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€nicaใ€nicaใ€nicaใ€‚
10:14
Monica, Monica.
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ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€‚
10:17
So, on the stressed syllables,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใฏใ€
10:18
our voice has this up-down shape, more length,
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็งใŸใกใฎๅฃฐใฏใ“ใฎไธŠไธ‹ใฎ ๅฝขใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„้•ทใ•ใ€
10:21
and on the unstressed syllables,
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€
10:22
they're said more quickly and the pitch is flatter.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ‚ ใ‚Œใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Wow, Monica.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซ
10:27
- Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ€‚-ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:28
Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:30
Wow, Monica, I love that.
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ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:31
If you listen to just I love that,
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ใ€
10:34
you can notice that the word love is longer, it's stronger,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ„›ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใใ€
10:37
it is the center of that phrase.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎไธญๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:40
I love that, I love that.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:42
- I love that,
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-็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€
10:46
And it ends in a stop T.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
That's because it goes right into the next word,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ
10:50
which begins with the Y consonant.
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Yๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:53
- I love that, you really have faith in me.
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-็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:56
I love that, you really have faith in me.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:58
I love that, you really have faith in me.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:00
All of these words link together very smoothly, no breaks.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆ ้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใ€้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:04
Now, with the word you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€‚
11:07
Okay, that can be written,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€
11:08
that is written with these two symbols in IPA
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ใใ‚Œใฏ IPAใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ่จ˜ๅทใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
11:13
and I often call this a diphthong,
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
11:15
like in the word music or in the word use.
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้Ÿณๆฅฝใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ไฝฟ็”จใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
11:19
But sometimes, it does function like a consonant and a vowel
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใ‚„ๆฏ้Ÿณ
11:22
and it does that when it comes after a T.
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€TใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
So, this sound combination,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏ
11:27
even though I sometimes call that a diphthong,
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ใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
11:30
will not turn a T before it into a flapped T.
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ใ€TใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸTใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซTใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
11:33
So, it's a stop T.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚
11:34
Now, in the phrase you really have faith in me,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ€็ง
11:39
what is our stress?
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ใŸใกใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:41
- You really have faith in me.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:45
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
I'm hearing you as stressed.
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใŸใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
You really, you really.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€‚
11:53
Really is then lower, you really have faith,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฝŽใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฟกไปฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
11:57
then, more of that up-down shape.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎไธŠไธ‹ใฎๅฝขใฎๅคšใใ€‚
11:59
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:01
And a little bit of the up-down on me.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๆตฎใๆฒˆใฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:04
So, really have, lower in pitch, flatter,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไฝŽใใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใ€
12:08
same with the word in,
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inใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™
12:10
but everything links together really smoothly,
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ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒ้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:12
it's all in the same line,
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ใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜่กŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:14
ah, ah, ah, ah, ah.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
12:16
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
So smooth.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใ€‚
12:20
- You really have faith in me.
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-ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:24
You really have faith in me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:26
In the word faith,
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ไฟกไปฐใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
12:27
we have another unvoiced TH.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎ็„กๅฃฐใฎTHใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:30
Tricky sound, tongue tip must come through.
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ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใช้Ÿณใ€ ่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒ้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:32
And that links right into the next vowel,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ€
12:35
faith in, faith in, thin, thin, thin, thin.
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ไฟกไปฐใ€ไฟกไปฐใ€ ่–„ใ„ใ€่–„ใ„ใ€่–„ใ„ใ€่–„ใ„ใซ็›ด็ตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:38
It's like the word thin.
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่–„ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:41
Thin, faith in, faith in, faith in.
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่–„ใใ€ไฟกไปฐใ—ใ€ไฟกไปฐใ—ใ€ไฟกไปฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
12:44
That's how much words link together.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ็ตใณใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:46
The ending sound can sound like it begins the next word.
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็ต‚ไบ†้Ÿณ ใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:51
Faith in.
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ไฟกไปฐใ€‚
12:53
Faith in, faith in, faith in.
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ไฟกไปฐใ€ไฟกไปฐใ€ไฟกไปฐใ€‚็งใธใฎไฟกไปฐ
12:55
Faith in me.
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ใ€‚
12:57
- Faith in me,
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-็งใธใฎไฟกไปฐใ€
13:00
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
13:02
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:03
Which of those two syllables is stressed?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:06
- Thank you,
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-ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€
13:10
It's the first one.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:13
And then the pitch falls off from thank,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‹ใ‚‰่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€
13:17
and you just falls into that line.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใฎ็ทšใซ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
Thank you, thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
13:23
Now, again, we have an unvoiced TH here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€็„กๅฃฐใฎTHใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
I know this is a tricky sound.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใช้Ÿณใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅฏพ่ฉฑใง
13:27
Sorry that you're getting so many here
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ้›†ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ่ฉซใณใ—ใพใ™
13:29
in this little dialogue.
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ใ€‚
13:30
Lots of practice.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ€‚
13:32
- Thank you,
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-ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€
13:36
Tongue tip comes through the teeth.
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่ˆŒๅ…ˆ ใฏๆญฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
Now, let's talk about the vowel here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆฏ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:41
This is from the Thanksgiving episode.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:44
Thank, Thanksgiving.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใ€‚
13:45
Yes, it is Thanksgiving.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใงใ™ใ€‚
13:47
And one thing I'm thankful for is this tree.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ1ใค ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆœจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:51
I have an amazing tree outside of my office window.
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใฎ็ช“ใฎๅค–ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆœจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:54
And today, I wanted to bring a fundraiser to your attention.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹Ÿ้‡‘ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:58
Do any of you know or follow MrBeast?
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MrBeastใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:01
When he reached 20 millions subscribers on YouTube,
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ๅฝผใŒYouTubeใง2,000ไธ‡ไบบใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒ่€…ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€
14:04
his fan base challenged him to plant 20 million trees.
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ๅฝผใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณๅฑคใฏๅฝผ ใซ2,000ไธ‡ๆœฌใฎๆœจใ‚’ๆคใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:08
And so, he's teamed up with a foundation
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผ
14:10
called the Arbor Day Foundation
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ใฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ค่ฒกๅ›ฃใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฒกๅ›ฃใจๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใฆ
14:12
to plant 20 million trees and he needs your help.
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2000ไธ‡ๆœฌใฎๆœจใ‚’ๆคใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:16
So, if you're able to give a dollar to this fundraiser
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅนดๆœซ ใพใงใซใ“ใฎๅ‹Ÿ้‡‘ๆดปๅ‹•ใซ1ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’
14:19
before the end of the year,
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14:21
then, the Arbor Day Foundation will plant one tree.
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ๅฏ„ไป˜ใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ArborDayFoundation ใŒ1ๆœฌใฎๆœจใ‚’ๆคใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
One dollar, one tree.
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1ใƒ‰ใƒซใ€1ๆœฌใฎๆœจใ€‚
14:27
What a great deal.
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ใชใ‚“ใฆๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:29
It's easy, go to teamtrees.org,
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚teamtrees.orgใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใ€ๆคใˆใŸใ„ๆœจ
14:31
enter the number of trees you want to plant,
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ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›
14:36
and you're done.
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ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:39
Now, I know money doesn't grow on trees
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆœจใง่‚ฒใŸใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
14:41
but if you have any extra to give this season,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไปŠใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใƒณใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€teamtrees.orgใง
14:43
please, consider giving to this fundraiser at teamtrees.org.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹Ÿ้‡‘ๆดปๅ‹•ใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
14:49
Let's help MrBeast meet this amazing goal.
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MrBeastใŒใ“ใฎ้ฉšใในใ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:52
Can YouTube do it?
379
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YouTubeใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:53
Can you do it?
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ใใ‚Œใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:55
That's teamtrees.org.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒteamtrees.orgใงใ™ใ€‚
14:58
I've given and I invite you to give right now.
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็งใฏไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซไปŠไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‹งใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
Actually, I'm gonna take a little bit from MrBeast's video
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ MrBeastใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€
15:05
to remind you to give this very second.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’2็•ช็›ฎใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:11
Teamtrees.org is at the top of my video description
385
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Teamtrees.orgใฏ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Š
15:14
and it's also in the pinned comment.
386
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ใ€ใƒ”ใƒณ็•™ใ‚ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:17
Check it out.
387
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใชใ€‚
15:18
Okay, let's get back to the analysis.
388
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆ†ๆžใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:20
Thank, Thanksgiving.
389
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใ€‚
15:22
This will all be written in IPA with the ah as in bat vowel.
390
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒˆๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซahใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆIPAใง่จ˜่ฟฐใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:27
And did you know that the N in this word
391
927520
1900
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎN
15:29
is actually the ng sound?
392
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1860
ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏngใฎ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:31
Thank.
393
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ€‚
15:32
So, it's made with the back of the tongue,
394
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ˆŒใฎๅพŒใ‚ใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
15:35
touching the soft palate,
395
935350
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15:36
not the front of the tongue in the front of the mouth.
396
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ใ€ๅฃใฎๅ‰ใฎ่ˆŒใฎๅ‰ใงใฏใชใใ€่ปŸๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:39
Thank, thank.
397
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
15:41
You might be saying, "Well, I don't hear ah."
398
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:44
Thank, ah.
399
944364
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
15:46
Thank.
400
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ€‚
15:48
No, you're right.
401
948240
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
15:49
When the ah vowel is followed by ng sound, that changes.
402
949610
5110
ahๆฏ้ŸณใฎๅพŒ ใซng้ŸณใŒ็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Ah becomes more like ay.
403
954720
3560
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจayใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:58
Thay, the ay diphthong.
404
958290
2853
Thayใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€‚
16:01
Thank.
405
961143
1607
ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ€‚
16:02
And that's because of this ng sound.
406
962750
2591
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎngใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:05
Ah followed by ng.
407
965341
2036
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็ถšใ„ใฆngใ€‚
16:07
That's what you'll see in the dictionary,
408
967377
1983
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่พžๆ›ธใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€
16:09
but that's really not what it is.
409
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1880
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:11
That turns it into and ay diphthong.
410
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:13
Thay, thank, thank you.
411
973790
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Thayใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
16:16
Thank you.
412
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:17
And it's the same in the word Thanksgiving.
413
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:20
It's not thah, thanks
414
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ใใ‚Œใฏthahใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใงใฏ
16:23
but thay, thanks.
415
983290
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ใชใใ€thayใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:25
Thanksgiving.
416
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใ€‚
16:27
- Thank you,
417
987570
4270
-
16:31
Technical question.
418
991840
1120
ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:32
Okay.
419
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833
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:33
Now, she raises her finger.
420
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1527
ไปŠใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆŒ‡ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:35
She has a lot of energy here.
421
995320
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ“ใงใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:37
Two-word thought group.
422
997750
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2ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
16:39
What are our stressed syllables here?
423
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:42
- Technical question,
424
1002320
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-ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€
16:46
Technical question.
425
1006420
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
16:49
Both of those stressed syllables
426
1009230
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎไธกๆ–น
16:51
in those words are stressed.
427
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ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:53
Technical question.
428
1013070
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
16:57
So, we have a three-syllable word
429
1017000
1790
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€3้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชž
16:58
and then a two-syllable word,
430
1018790
1720
ใจ2้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ
17:00
and they each have one stressed syllable.
431
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซ1ใคใฎๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:02
The CH sound,
432
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1497
CHใฎ้Ÿณใ€
17:04
sorry, the CH letters here make the K sound.
433
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎCHใฎๆ–‡ๅญ— ใฏKใฎ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:07
Technical.
434
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใ‚ซใƒซใ€‚
17:09
The letter C also makes the K sound.
435
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—Cใ‚‚Kใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:11
Technical, technical.
436
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€‚
17:14
Now, don't try to make a vowel here.
437
1034440
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:16
This is just schwa L,
438
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏLใง
17:18
and the L does absorb the schwa.
439
1038790
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Lใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:20
So, you don't need to try to make a separate vowel sound.
440
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
17:23
Cal, cal, cal, cal.
441
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ใ‚ซใƒซใ€ใ‚ซใƒซใ€ใ‚ซใƒซใ€ใ‚ซใƒซใ€‚
17:25
Just K and then quick dark L.
442
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ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉKใใ—ใฆๆฌกใซ้€Ÿใ„ๆš—ใ„Lใ€‚
17:28
Technical, technical.
443
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€‚
17:31
Technical, technical, technical question.
444
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใ€ ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
17:35
Question.
445
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่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
17:36
We have another K sound here,
446
1056310
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎKใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:38
it's in the cluster KW, kwah, kwah.
447
1058250
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผKWใ€kwahใ€kwahใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:41
The lips do have to round for that W.
448
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ใใฎW.่ณชๅ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ”‡ใฏไธธใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
17:44
Question.
449
1064480
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ใ€‚
17:46
And the letter T makes a CH sound, ch, ch.
450
1066150
4698
ใใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—TใฏCH้Ÿณใ€chใ€chใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:50
Tion, tion, question.
451
1070848
2362
ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
17:53
And again, there's no real vowel here.
452
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:55
It's the schwa.
453
1075500
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ™ใ€‚
17:56
And schwa is also absorbed by N.
454
1076750
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏNใซใ‚‚ๅธๅŽใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
17:59
So, L, N, M, and R,
455
1079200
3800
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Lใ€Nใ€Mใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณRใฏ
18:03
all absorb the schwa.
456
1083000
1360
ใ™ในใฆใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:04
Those are called syllabic consonants.
457
1084360
2050
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ๅญ้Ÿณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
18:06
So, you don't need to try to make a vowel there.
458
1086410
1900
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ“ใง ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:08
That will help you
459
1088310
833
ใ“ใ‚Œ
18:09
make that unstressed syllable more quickly.
460
1089143
2987
ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฟ…้€Ÿใซไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:12
Technical question.
461
1092130
4030
ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
18:16
Technical question.
462
1096160
2520
ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
18:18
- Technical question,
463
1098680
4140
-ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€
18:22
When we break it down like this,
464
1102820
1470
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅˆ†่งฃ
18:24
it makes words that can be tricky
465
1104290
2180
ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒ
18:26
feel a little bit more simple, doesn't it?
466
1106470
2700
ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
18:29
Technical question.
467
1109170
1410
ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
18:30
Really focusing on stress can help with longer words.
468
1110580
4440
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:35
- Technical question,
469
1115020
1590
-ๆŠ€่ก“
18:36
technical question, Technical question,
470
1116610
2610
็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•
18:39
how do you know when, uh, the butter is done?
471
1119220
1920
ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใคๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:41
Okay. Then she has a little bit of a longer thought group.
472
1121140
3760
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ„ๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:44
She breaks I up with uh.
473
1124900
1913
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๅˆฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ€
18:46
What are our most stressed words here,
474
1126813
2397
ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•
18:49
in the first part of this thought group?
475
1129210
2440
ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:51
- How do you know when, uh, the butter is done?
476
1131650
2010
-ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใคใงใใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ
18:53
How do you know when, uh, the butter is done?
477
1133660
2010
ใ„ใคๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ
18:55
How do you know when, uh, the butter is done?
478
1135670
2040
ใ„ใคๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:57
How do you know when, uh.
479
1137710
2160
ใ„ใคใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
18:59
How do you know when.
480
1139870
3590
ใ„ใค็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
19:03
So, how and know are our most stressed words there.
481
1143460
4210
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€ใใ“ใซ็งใŸใกใฎ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:07
Do and you are not pronounced do you.
482
1147670
5370
ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
19:13
How are they pronounced?
483
1153040
2100
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:15
- How do you know when,
484
1155140
980
-ใ„ใคใ€
19:16
how do you know when,
485
1156120
2680
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ„ใคใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
19:18
Both of those vowels change to the schwa.
486
1158800
2440
ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:21
So, it's not do you, it's duh ya.
487
1161240
4110
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:25
I'll just write that over here.
488
1165350
2290
ใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
How d'ya, how d'ya, how d'ya.
489
1167640
2850
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€‚
19:30
Not how do you.
490
1170490
1610
ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
19:32
These reductions are what help Americans
491
1172100
2810
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบ
19:34
add rhythmic contrast to English.
492
1174910
3190
ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใƒชใ‚บใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
19:38
So, it helps us make words
493
1178100
1780
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
19:39
that are less important even shorter,
494
1179880
3120
้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎไฝŽใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿญใ
19:43
so that they provide contrast to the longer words.
495
1183000
2770
ใ—ใฆใ€้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใจใฎๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
19:45
How d'ya, How d'ya, how d'ya.
496
1185770
2110
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€‚
19:47
How d'ya,
497
1187880
2220
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€
19:50
- How d'ya, how d'ya, how d'ya know
498
1190160
740
19:50
when, uh, the butter is done?
499
1190910
1450
-ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใฏ
ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใค่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:52
How d'ya know when, uh.
500
1192360
1610
ใˆใˆใจใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใฏใ„ใค็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
19:53
How d'ya know when, uh.
501
1193970
1930
ใˆใˆใจใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใฏใ„ใค็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
19:55
Know when, how d'ya.
502
1195900
2670
ใ„ใคใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซd'yaใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:58
All of these words glide together
503
1198570
2800
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
20:01
so smoothly with no breaks.
504
1201370
4370
้€”ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซๆป‘ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:05
Even the N in when glides right into the thinking vowel uh.
505
1205740
5320
ๆ€่€ƒๆฏ้Ÿณใซใ™ในใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใจใใฎN ใงใ•ใˆใˆใˆใจใ€‚
20:11
Know when, uh, know when, uh.
506
1211060
2660
ใ„ใคใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ„ใคใ€ใˆใˆใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:13
- How d'ya know when, uh,
507
1213720
3420
-
20:17
how d'ya know when, uh, the butter is done?
508
1217148
2332
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใค็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็ŸฅใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
20:19
What about stress
509
1219490
980
20:20
in this last little part of the thought group?
510
1220470
2810
ใฎใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅฐใ•ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใฉใ† ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:23
- The butter is done,
511
1223280
4460
-ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
20:27
The butter is done.
512
1227740
3420
ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:31
Now, this is a question but it's not a yes-no question,
513
1231160
2750
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใƒปใƒŽใƒผใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏ
20:33
so, it can go down in pitch.
514
1233910
2230
ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:36
The, said very quickly, the has a schwa at the end.
515
1236140
3180
ใ€้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:39
The, the, the, the.
516
1239320
1250
ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€‚
20:40
The butter, the butter, the butter.
517
1240570
3090
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
20:43
The butter,
518
1243680
3060
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€
20:46
What to you notice about the two Ts here?
519
1246740
2490
ใ“ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฎTใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
20:49
That's a flap sound.
520
1249230
2180
ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
20:51
The T sound comes between two vowels here,
521
1251410
2360
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€T้ŸณใŒ2ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
20:53
so, just a quick flap of the tongue
522
1253770
2470
ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฃ่“‹ใซ่ˆŒ
20:56
against the roof of the mouth.
523
1256240
1470
ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:57
Butter, butter, butter.
524
1257710
2350
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
21:00
As soon as it comes down from the flap
525
1260060
2260
ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ
21:02
it pulls back a little bit for the schwa-R sound.
526
1262320
3100
ใซใ€schwa-Rใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผ•ใๆˆปใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:05
Butter, butter.
527
1265420
1980
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
21:07
- The butter,
528
1267400
2000
-ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผ
21:09
the butter, the butter is done.
529
1269540
1280
ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผ ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅ‡บๆฅไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:10
The butter is done.
530
1270820
2700
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:13
So, the second syllable of butter is flatter and unpitched,
531
1273520
3950
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนณๅฆใงใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒใชใ„
21:17
so is is, they link right together.
532
1277470
2710
ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:20
Eris, eris, eris, butter is, butter is.
533
1280180
3820
ใ‚จใƒชใ‚นใ€ใ‚จใƒชใ‚นใ€ใ‚จใƒชใ‚นใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใงใ™ใ€‚
21:24
The butter is done.
534
1284000
1440
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:25
And then, again an up-down shape of stress.
535
1285440
2520
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ†ใณ ไธŠไธ‹ใฎๅฝขใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
21:27
So, in the word butter, we have the uh vowel.
536
1287960
3280
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใซใฏใ€ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:31
We have that same vowel on done.
537
1291240
2378
ๅŒใ˜ๆฏ้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:33
It's written with the letter O, but it's the uh vowel.
538
1293618
4322
Oใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
21:37
Done.
539
1297940
1960
็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
21:39
Butter is done.
540
1299900
1580
ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:41
- The butter is done,
541
1301480
1820
-ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
21:43
the butter is done
542
1303300
2920
ใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
21:46
- Well, it's done about two minutes
543
1306230
1330
-ใˆใˆใจใ€
21:47
before it looks like that.
544
1307560
1400
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹็ด„2ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:48
Okay, Monica's response.
545
1308960
2100
ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ใ€‚
21:51
What are our most stressed words?
546
1311060
2710
็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:53
- Well, it's done about two minutes
547
1313770
1330
-ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใฎ
21:55
before it looks like that.
548
1315100
1760
ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:56
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
549
1316860
2691
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:59
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
550
1319551
3119
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:02
Well, some stress there.
551
1322670
2970
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
22:05
Well, it's done about two minutes,
552
1325640
3180
ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—
22:08
the most stress on the word two.
553
1328830
2630
ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:11
Two minutes before it looks like that.
554
1331460
2890
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹2ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใ€‚
22:14
Looks, like and that, all a little bit longer,
555
1334350
3090
่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ™ในใฆๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใใ€
22:17
all have a little bit of that stressed quality.
556
1337440
3350
ใ™ในใฆใŒ ใใฎๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ“่ณชใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:20
The other words are said more quickly,
557
1340790
2450
่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€
22:23
they don't have that up-down shape of stress.
558
1343240
2980
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไธŠไธ‹ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:26
- Well, it's done about two minutes
559
1346220
1340
-ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใฎ
22:27
before it looks like that.
560
1347560
1750
ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:29
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
561
1349310
3090
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:32
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
562
1352400
2437
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:34
It's done about,
563
1354837
1213
ใใ‚Œใฏ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
22:36
it's done about, it's done about.
564
1356050
2260
ใใ‚Œใฏ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
22:38
Flatter and always links together very smoothly.
565
1358310
4000
ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใ€ๅธธใซ ้žๅธธใซใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:42
It's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
566
1362310
2800
ใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹็ด„2ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:45
A little bit of stress on min,
567
1365110
2160
ๅˆ†ใ€ใใฎ
22:47
minutes before it, minutes before it,
568
1367270
2960
ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใ€ใใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใ€
22:50
minutes before it looks like that.
569
1370230
2620
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:52
Looks like that.
570
1372850
1247
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
22:54
What's happening with our Ts here?
571
1374097
2023
ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฎTใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:56
In the word about we have an ending T.
572
1376120
3670
ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ€็ต‚ไบ†TใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:59
In the word two we have a beginning T.
573
1379790
2640
ๅ˜่ชž2ใงใฏใ€้–‹ๅง‹TใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:02
Those link together with a single true T.
574
1382430
3680
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅ˜ไธ€ใฎ็œŸใฎTใจใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:06
About two.
575
1386110
1522
็ด„2ใ€‚
23:07
- Well, it's done about two minutes
576
1387632
1708
-ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใใฎ
23:09
before it looks like that.
577
1389340
1760
ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:11
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
578
1391100
3070
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:14
Well, it's done about two minutes before it looks like that.
579
1394170
2830
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:17
And then, we have two stop Ts.
580
1397000
1840
ใใ—ใฆใ€2ใคใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—TใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:18
It looks like that.
581
1398840
3300
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
23:22
So here, it's a stop T
582
1402140
1260
23:23
because the next word begins with a consonant.
583
1403400
2460
ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชž ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚
23:25
And here, it's a stop T
584
1405860
1370
ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใง
23:27
because it's at the end of a thought group.
585
1407230
2430
ใฏใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚
23:29
You really have to be careful with ending Ts.
586
1409660
2440
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซTsใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
23:32
They're usually a stop T or a flapped T.
587
1412100
2682
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—TใพใŸใฏ
23:34
It would be a flapped T
588
1414782
1378
ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐT
23:36
if the next word began with a vowel or diphthong.
589
1416160
2530
ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๆฏ้ŸณใพใŸใฏไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐTใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:38
And sometimes,
590
1418690
990
ใพใŸ
23:39
when it's in an ending cluster, like the word just,
591
1419680
3960
ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ต‚ไบ†ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
23:43
it will be dropped altogether
592
1423640
1560
23:45
because it will link into a word
593
1425210
1480
23:46
that begins with a consonant,
594
1426690
1590
23:48
like in the phrase just my.
595
1428280
4340
ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็งใฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ‰Š้™คใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:52
So, here the T comes between two other consonants,
596
1432620
2560
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงTใฏ ไป–ใฎ2ใคใฎๅญ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
23:55
we often drop that T.
597
1435180
2220
ใใฎTใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:57
So, ending Ts can be tricky.
598
1437400
2300
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Tใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:59
- It looks like that,
599
1439700
4420
-ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:04
Also, in the word minutes,
600
1444160
1470
ใพใŸใ€่ญฐไบ‹้Œฒใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€
24:05
I just wanna point out that we have the letter U
601
1445630
3230
Uใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
24:08
but it is the ih as in sit vowel.
602
1448860
2251
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซihใงใ™ใ€‚
24:11
Minutes, minutes, minutes.
603
1451111
4353
ๅˆ†ใ€ๅˆ†ใ€ๅˆ†ใ€‚
24:15
- Minutes, minutes, minutes.
604
1455464
2858
-ๅˆ†ใ€ๅˆ†ใ€ๅˆ†ใ€‚
24:18
Let's listen to the whole conversation one more time.
605
1458322
3678
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆไผš่ฉฑๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:22
So, if I, if I mess this up,
606
1462000
1410
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰
24:23
there's nothing else for dessert?
607
1463410
2480
ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใซใฏไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:25
You're not gonna mess it up.
608
1465890
1870
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:27
Wow, Monica, I love that.
609
1467760
1250
ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ซใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
24:29
You really have faith in me.
610
1469010
1400
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:30
Thank you.
611
1470410
1230
ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:31
Technical question,
612
1471640
1000
ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใช่ณชๅ•
24:32
how do you know when uh, the butter is done?
613
1472640
2220
ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใคๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:34
Well, it's done about two minutes
614
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1340
ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
24:36
before it looks like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ็ด„2ๅˆ†ใงๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:37
- As I said earlier, next week,
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-ใ•ใฃใใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆฅ้€ฑใฏใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰
24:39
we're going to look at another scene from this episode.
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ใฎๅˆฅใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
24:42
This is what we'll study next week.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฅ้€ฑๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
24:45
- Rach, you're killing us here.
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-ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆฎบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:46
Will you serve the dessert already?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:48
- What is it? - It's a trifle.
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- ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ -ใใ‚Œใฏใ•ใ•ใ„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
24:49
It's got all of these layers.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใ‚คใƒคใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:51
First, there's a layer of ladyfingers,
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ใพใšใ€ใƒฌใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฌใƒผ
24:53
then a layer of jam,
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ใฎๅฑคใ€ๆฌกใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใฎๅฑคใ€
24:54
then custard, which I made from scratch,
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ๆฌกใซใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๅฑคใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไธ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใง
24:58
then beef sauteed with peas and onions,
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ใ€ๆฌกใซใ‚จใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ่ฑ†ใจ็Ž‰ใญใŽใง็‚’ใ‚ใŸ็‰›่‚‰
25:00
then a little bit more custard, and then bananas,
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ— ใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒใƒŠใƒŠใ€
25:05
and then I just put some whipped cream on top!
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ใใ—ใฆ ใƒ›ใ‚คใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ ไธŠใซ๏ผ
25:07
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25:11
- What was the one right before bananas?
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-ใƒใƒŠใƒŠใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
25:14
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25:16
- The beef?
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- ็‰›่‚‰๏ผŸ
25:18
Yeah, that was weird to me, too.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚็งใซใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:19
But then, you know, I thought "Well, there's mincemeat pie,"
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŸใƒณใ‚นใƒŸใƒผใƒˆใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒ
25:23
I mean, that's an English dessert.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒ‡ใ‚ถใƒผใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
25:24
These people just put very strange things
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
25:26
in their food, you know.
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ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:28
By the way, can I borrow some rum from your place?
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฉใƒ ้…’ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:30
- Yeah, sure. - Okay.
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-ใˆใˆใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€‚ - ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
25:31
And while I'm gone, don't you boys sneak a taste.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ„ใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”ทใฎๅญใŒๅ‘ณใ‚’ใ“ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
25:34
- Okay.
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- ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
25:36
- If you love learning English with TV,
642
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-ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒๅฅฝใ
25:38
we do have a whole playlist for that, check it out.
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ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ ็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใœใฒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:41
And if you love this kind of full pronunciation analysis,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็™บ้Ÿณๅˆ†ๆžใ‚’
25:44
I do a lot of it in my academy.
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ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็งใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:46
My academy is where I help students train
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็งใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฏใ€็”Ÿๅพ’
25:49
and really reach they're accent,
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25:51
they're pronunciation goals.
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ใŒ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:52
It's Rachel's English Academy.
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ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
25:54
There's a 30-day money back guarantee,
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30ๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎ่ฟ”้‡‘ไฟ่จผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
25:56
so, don't be afraid to try it.
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ใฎใงใ€ๆใ‚Œใšใซ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:58
Also, don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใพใŸใ€็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
26:01
I make a new video every Tuesday.
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็งใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:03
That's it, guys.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
26:04
And thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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