TO BE Contractions -- American English Pronunciation

188,947 views ใƒป 2012-12-06

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to learn some Vietnamese cooking,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง ใฏใ€ใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
00:05
and you're going to study contraction of the verb TO BE.
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžTOBEใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:17
One thing to note about these contractions is that no extra syllable is added. We'll
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใซใคใ„ใฆๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใใ“ใจใฎ1ใค ใฏใ€ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:22
go over the pronunciations. You'll notice that some of them have two different pronunciations.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:27
That's because there can be a reduced pronunciation. I do recommend that you use the reduced pronunciation.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็™บ้ŸณใŒๆธ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Any time you can make a short word shorter it's going to add better rhythmic contrast
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็Ÿญใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใƒชใ‚บใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:40
to your speech.
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ใ€‚
00:41
So, I am. I'm. I'm. You are. This can be 'your' or, better yet, let's reduce it, 'yer'. Notice
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ใใ†็งใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€Œใƒคใƒผใ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
how quick it is. When we reduce it, it's going to be very, very fast, and it must be linked to
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ ใจใ€้žๅธธใซ้€Ÿใใชใ‚Š
00:58
the next word. 'We are' can be 'we're', or 'we're', or, better yet, wur, wur. Reduced.
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ€‚
01:09
'They are' can be 'they're', or, reduced, thur. He is, she is, it is. This will be come he's,
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒๆฅใ‚‹
01:23
she's, it's. Notice that the S in 'it's' is pronounced as an S sound, unvoiced. That's
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ 'it's' ใฎSใฏใ€็„กๅฃฐใฎS้Ÿณใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:31
because the sound before is the T, also an unvoiced sound. It's, it's. However, the S
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ๅ‰ใฎ้ŸณใŒTใงใ€ ็„กๅฃฐใฎ้Ÿณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—
01:37
in 'he's' and 'she's' is a Z sound. That's voiced, because the sound before, a vowel,
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ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใจใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใฎSใฏZ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณ
01:44
was voiced. He's, she's, it's. TS can be a tough sound, and I do have a video on how
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ใŒๆฟใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ TSใฏใ‚ฟใƒ•ใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ ไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:52
to make that sound. So let's take a look at some contractions in everyday conversation.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:57
>> Alright, Annie. So after you peel the cucumber, you're going to slice the cucumber into rounds.
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>>ไบ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚’็šฎใ‚’ใ‚€ใ„ใŸๅพŒ ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚’ไธธใใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
And then you're going to flatten the rounds, and slice them lengthwise again to make it
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅนณใ‚‰ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ธฆใซใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—
02:05
into a nice julienne.
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ใฆใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชๅƒๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Did you notice the contraction of 'you are' to 'yer'? Yer, you're going to. Listen again.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใƒคใƒผใ€ใธใฎ็ธฎ็ด„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:14
>> Alright, Annie. So after you peel the cucumber, you're going to slice the cucumber into rounds.
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>>ไบ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚’็šฎใ‚’ใ‚€ใ„ใŸๅพŒ ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒชใ‚’ไธธใใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
And then you're going to flatten the rounds, and slice them lengthwise again to make it
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅนณใ‚‰ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ธฆใซใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ—
02:23
into a nice julienne. >> How's this, HaQuyen?
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ใฆใ€็ด ๆ•ตใชๅƒๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€HaQuyen๏ผŸ
02:25
>> It looks good, looks good, it's good.
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>>ใ‚ˆใ•ใใ†ใ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ•ใใ†ใ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:28
How's this? How's, how's, zz, zz, with a Z sound. It's good. It is, it's, it's, with
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ใฉใ†๏ผŸ How'sใ€how'sใ€zzใ€zzใ€Z ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ไป˜ใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:39
that TS sound. Listen again.
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ใใฎTSใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:42
>> How's this, HaQuyen? >> It looks good, looks good, it's good.
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>>ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€HaQuyen๏ผŸ >>ใ‚ˆใ•ใใ†ใ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ•ใใ†ใ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:46
>> Well, if we look at the way Mark's chopping his mushrooms, we can see that he's doing
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>>ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒใใฎใ“ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
02:50
quite a good job of it. >> Thanks, HaQuyen.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€HaQuyenใ€‚
02:56
Mark's, Mark's. The last sound of Mark's name is the K sound, unvoiced. So the apostrophe
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ€‚ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎๅๅ‰ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้Ÿณ ใฏ็„กๅฃฐใฎK้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ
03:03
S is also unvoiced. Ks, ks, Mark's, Mark's. We also heard 'he's', where the apostrophe
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Sใ‚‚็„กๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚ Ksใ€ksใ€Mark'sใ€Mark'sใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃSใŒZใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œhe'sใ€ใ‚‚่žใใพใ—ใŸ
03:13
S is a Z sound. He's, he's, he's doing. Listen again.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ๅฝผใฏใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
03:19
>> Well, if we look at the way Mark's chopping his mushrooms, we can see that he's doing
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>>ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใŒใใฎใ“ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
03:24
quite a good job of it. >> Thanks, HaQuyen.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€HaQuyenใ€‚
03:29
>> That's because she's a good teacher.
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>>ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
Here, Natalie, speaking of HaQuyen, said that's, that's, that's because, with the TS sound.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒŠใ‚ฟใƒชใƒผใฏHaQuyenใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€TSใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:39
She's, she's a good teacher. She's a, she's a, where the apostrophe S is a Z sound. Listen
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃSใŒZใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹aใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:48
again.
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03:48
>> That's because she's a good teacher. >> Well, I'm going to dice up this cucumber
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ใ€‚
>>ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ•ใฆใ€ๆŒ‡็คบ้€šใ‚Šใซใ“ใฎใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ•ใ„ใฎ็›ฎใซๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
03:53
as I was instructed. >> I'm going to keep dicing the mushrooms.
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ใ€‚ >>ใใฎใ“ใ‚’ใ•ใ„ใฎ็›ฎใซๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
Here, both Annie and Mark said I'm gonna. So, they have contracted I AM and also reduced
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎไธกๆ–นใŒ็งใŒ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏI AMใจๅฅ‘็ด„
04:08
'going to' to 'gonna'. I'm gonna. Notice how 'I'm' is the most stressed syllable in that
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ใ—ใ€ใ€Œgoingtoใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œgonnaใ€ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€‚ 'I'm'ใŒใใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:16
fragment. I'm gonna. That's because 'going' is a helping verb here, not the main verb.
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ใ€‚ ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ ใŒไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
The main verb is stressed. For example, Annie said 'I'm gonna dice'. I'm gonna dice, Stressing
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ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผ ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ณใƒญใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ณใƒญใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€
04:32
'dice'. Listen again.
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ณใƒญใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:34
>> Well, I'm going to dice up this cucumber as I was instructed.
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>>ใ•ใฆใ€ๆŒ‡็คบ้€šใ‚Šใซใ“ใฎใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ•ใ„ใฎ็›ฎใซๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:40
>> I'm going to keep dicing the mushrooms. >> Hey Annie, when are the noodles going to
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>>ใใฎใ“ใ‚’ใ•ใ„ใฎ็›ฎใซๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใญใˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€้บบใฏ
04:44
be ready? >> They're going to be ready in about 10 minutes.
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ใ„ใคๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ >>็ด„10ๅˆ†ใงๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
They're gonna. Did you hear how Annie reduced 'they're' to thur, thur, thur, they're gonna.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆœจใ€ๆœจใ€ๆœจใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŸใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
They're gonna be ready. Listen again.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:59
>> Hey Annie, when are the noodles going to be ready?
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>>ใญใˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€้บบใฏ ใ„ใคๆบ–ๅ‚™ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:02
>> They're going to be ready in about 10 minutes.
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>>็ด„10ๅˆ†ใงๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
>> I think we're all set with the basil. >> Thanks, Lori.
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>>็งใŸใกใฏใ™ในใฆใƒใ‚ธใƒซใงๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใƒญใƒชใ€‚
05:08
We're all set. Did you hear Lori's reduction of 'we're' to wur, wur, wur, we're all set.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒช ใŒใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:17
All set is a common idiom meaning ready, or not in need of anything. Here, she is saying
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ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
05:24
the basil is ready for the dish. I use it often at a restaurant, for example, when a
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒซใŒๆ–™็†ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
05:30
waiter asks if there is anything more I need. Nope, I'm all set, I'll say. Listen again.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ็งใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใ™ในใฆๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:38
>> I think we're all set with the basil. >> Thanks, Lori.
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>>็งใŸใกใฏใ™ในใฆใƒใ‚ธใƒซใงๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใƒญใƒชใ€‚
05:41
>> I love HaQuyen. She's such an effective teacher.
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>>HaQuyenใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใช ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
05:43
>> That's true. HaQuyen, thanks so much for teaching us how to make all this amazing food.
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>>ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ HaQuyenใ€ ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
05:47
>> Thanks for coming and joining me to eat all this wonderful food.
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>>ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚
05:50
>> Any time. We will eat your food any time. >> Yes, we will.
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>>ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
>> Love it.
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>>ๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:55
She's, she's, she's such, with the apostrophe S pronounced as a Z. That's, that's true,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ SใฏZใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œ
06:04
with the TS sound. Listen again.
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ใฏใ€TSใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:07
>> I love HaQuyen. She's such an effective teacher.
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>>HaQuyenใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใช ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
>> That's true. HaQuyen, thanks so much for teaching us how to make all this amazing food.
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>>ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ HaQuyenใ€ ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
06:14
>> Thanks for coming and joining me to eat all this wonderful food.
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>>ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ€‚
06:18
>> Any time. We will eat your food any time. >> Yes, we will.
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>>ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใฏใ„ใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
>> Love it.
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>>ๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:22
>> I'm crushing it over here, as you may be able to see.
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>>ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใคใถใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
>> He's crushing it. >> I'm adding noodles.
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>>ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฒ‰็ •ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>้บบใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
>> I'm adding tofu. >> I'm waiting for shrimp.
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>>่ฑ†่…ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚จใƒ“ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:35
>> I'm adding bean sprouts.
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>>ใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
I'm. Lots of I'm in this clip. Also Mark used the idiom 'to crush' -- meaning he thinks
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็งใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏ ใฏใ€Œใคใถใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
06:46
he is doing an excellent job of making a summer roll. There are lots of different ways to
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ๅฝผใฏๅคๅทปใใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
use the word 'crush'. For example to say you have a crush on someone means you like that
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๆ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใใฎไบบใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:58
person, you have romantic interest in that person. Let's listen again to all these I'm
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ใใฎไบบใซใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใช่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒๅŽ็ธฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:04
contractions.
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ใ€‚
07:06
>> I'm crushing it over here, as you may be able to see.
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>>ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใคใถใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
>> He's crushing it. >> I'm adding noodles.
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>>ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฒ‰็ •ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>้บบใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:14
>> I'm adding tofu. >> I'm waiting for shrimp.
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>>่ฑ†่…ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ใ‚จใƒ“ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:19
>> I'm adding bean sprouts.
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>>ใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:21
>> That chicken's looking good.
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>>ใ‚ใฎ้ถใฏๆ ผๅฅฝ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
That chicken's looking good. Natalie contracted 'chicken is' to chicken's, that chicken's
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ใ‚ใฎ้ถใฏใ‚ˆใ•ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ ใƒŠใ‚ฟใƒชใƒผ ใฏใ€Œใƒใ‚ญใƒณใฏใƒใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใจๅฅ‘็ด„ใ—ใ€ใใฎใƒใ‚ญใƒณใฏ
07:31
looking good. And it was good. It was delicious! Listen again.
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่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅคงๅค‰็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™๏ผ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:37
>> That chicken's looking good.
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>>ใ‚ใฎ้ถใฏๆ ผๅฅฝ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:38
>> There is onion in there. >> There's no onion in there.
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>>็Ž‰ใญใŽใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:41
>> I... >> That one's mine.
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>>็งใฏ... >>ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
>> Wait, where's the onion? Oh, spring onion.
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>>ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚ฎใ€‚
07:47
There's no onion in there, where's the onion. There's, where's. Both of these words end
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ใใ“ใซใฏ็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏใชใใ€็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚
07:55
in the R sound, a voiced consonant, so the apostrophe S is a Z sound. There's, there's.
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ใ€ๆœ‰ๅฃฐๅญ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹R้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃSใฏZ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Where's, where's. There's no onion, where's the onion. Listen again.
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ใฉใ“ใ ใ€ใฉใ“ใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ฟใƒžใƒใ‚ฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ฟใƒžใƒใ‚ฎใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:10
>> There is onion in there. >> There's no onion in there.
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>>็Ž‰ใญใŽใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:13
>> I... >> That one's mine.
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>>็งใฏ... >>ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:15
>> Wait, where's the onion? Oh, spring onion.
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>>ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€็Ž‰ใญใŽใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚ฎใ€‚
08:19
>> Annie, hold it up. >> Look at that. That's absolute perfection.
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>>ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ >>ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
08:23
>> It does look great.
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>>่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:25
You've got to love Annie's enthusiasm. That's absolute perfection. That's, that's, again,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใฎ็†ฑๆ„ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:34
with the TS sound. Listen again.
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ใ‚‚TSใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:37
>> Annie, hold it up. >> Look at that. That's absolute perfection.
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>>ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚ >>ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
08:42
>> It does look great.
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>>่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
>> Oh god, my dogs are barking. >> Why is that, Hillary?
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>>ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€็งใฎ็Šฌใฏๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ >>ใชใ‚“ใงใ€ใƒ’ใƒฉใƒชใƒผ๏ผŸ
08:46
>> We've been walking around all day. >> Not to mention all the dancing you did
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>>็งใŸใกใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ๆ˜จๅคœใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใฏ่จ€ใ†ใพใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:50
last night. >> Oh, it was amazing.
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ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใ”ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:53
My dogs are barking. This is a great idiom to mean your feet are tired. My dogs are barking.
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็งใฎ็Šฌใฏๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ถณใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ็Šฌใฏๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Notice how the word 'are' is reduced to er, er, er, My dogs are, my dogs are. My dogs
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ใ€Œareใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซerใ€erใ€erใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใฎ็Šฌใฏใ€็งใฎ็Šฌใฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ็Šฌ
09:08
are barkin'. Notice also the ING is pronounced as an IN. My dogs are barkin' instead of dogs
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ใฏใƒใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ INGใŒINใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ็งใฎ็Šฌใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
09:17
are barking. You may find this happening sometimes with certain phrases or idioms. Listen again.
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ๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงๆ™‚ใ€…็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:24
>> Oh god, my dogs are barking. >> Why is that, Hillary?
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>>ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€็งใฎ็Šฌใฏๅ ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ >>ใชใ‚“ใงใ€ใƒ’ใƒฉใƒชใƒผ๏ผŸ
09:28
>> We've been walking around all day. >> Not to mention all the dancing you did
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>>็งใŸใกใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ >>ๆ˜จๅคœใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใฏ่จ€ใ†ใพใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:32
last night. >> Oh, it was amazing.
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ใ€‚ >>ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใ”ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:34
I hope this has made you more aware of just how often we use this kind of contraction.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:40
Watch this video a time or two. Then watch an American TV show or movie, and see if you
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’1ใ€2ๅ›ž่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
09:46
can notice these 'to be' contractions. Write them down as you watch and practice the phrases.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
Using contractions will really help your speech sound more natural.
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็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใŒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
10:05
Guys, that was fantastic.
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ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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