How to be Confident and Natural in English Conversation - Taking Turns

怎麼在英文交談裡自信和自然 — 輪流講

83,342 views

2021-08-06 ・ Oxford Online English


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How to be Confident and Natural in English Conversation - Taking Turns

怎麼在英文交談裡自信和自然 — 輪流講

83,342 views ・ 2021-08-06

Oxford Online English


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00:01
Hi, I’m Liam.
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嗨,我是Liam。
00:02
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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歡迎來到Oxford Online English!
00:04
In this lesson, you can learn how to take an active part in a conversation.
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在本節課裡,您能學到在會話裡 怎麼積極參與。
00:08
Imagine: you’re in a group of people, having a conversation in English.
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想像一下:您在一個群組裡, 有一個英文會話。
00:14
You have something to say, but other people are talking.
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您有某些事情要說,但是, 其他人正在談。
00:18
How do you ‘enter’ the conversation?
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您要怎麼“enter”會話?
00:21
Imagine: you’re talking, and someone interrupts you before you’ve finished speaking.
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想像一下:您正在談話,在您講完 之前某人打斷您。
00:27
Why might this happen?
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為什麼這個可能發生?
00:30
How can you show others that you want to continue?
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您可以怎麼對其他人表明您想繼續?
00:33
In this lesson, you’ll learn about an important skill: taking turns in conversation.
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在本節課裡,您會學到一個重要的 技能:在會話裡輪流交談。
00:41
You’ll learn how to show others that you have something to say, how to interrupt others
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您會學到怎麼向其他人表明您有 某些事情要說,怎麼有
00:47
politely, and how to show that you’ve finished speaking – or not.
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禮貌地打斷其他人,以及 怎麼表明您講完了— 或沒有講完。
00:52
These skills will help you sound more natural in conversations; these skills are also important
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這些技能可以幫您在會話裡聽起來 更自然;這些技能在英文
00:58
for English exams, such as IELTS.
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考試裡也是重要的,例如雅思。
01:02
Before we start, we really think you should check out our website: Oxford Online English
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在我們開始之前,我們真的認為您 應當查看我們的網站:
01:07
dot com.
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Oxford Online English dot com.
01:08
You can find free English lessons, and you can also take online classes with one of our
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您能找到免費的英文課程,您也能 參加我們眾多專業
01:13
many professional teachers!
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老師裡一位的線上課程!
01:14
Now, let’s look at how you can take your turn in a conversation in English.
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現在,我們看看您怎麼能在 英文會話裡輪流交談。
01:24
We’re talking about ‘taking turns’.
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我們在談論“taking turns”。
01:26
But, what does this mean?
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但是,這意味著什麼?
01:29
If you’re playing a game, often you need to take turns.
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如果您在玩一個遊戲, 通常您需要輪流玩。
01:34
One person goes, then the next person goes.
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一個人上,然後下一個人上。
01:39
It’s the same in conversation.
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那在會話裡是一樣的。
01:41
One person speaks, then the next person speaks.
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一個人講,然後下一個人講。
01:44
But, games have rules.
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但是,遊戲有規則。
01:47
What about conversations?
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那會話呢?
01:51
Conversations don’t have rules like games do, but there are several strategies you can
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會話裡沒有像遊戲那樣的規則,但是, 有幾種您可以使用來
01:55
use to manage turn taking.
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管理輪流的策略。
01:57
Let’s see an example.
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我們看一個例子。
02:01
Our holiday was a complete disaster.
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Our holiday was a complete disaster.
02:03
It rained for the entire time we were there.
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It rained for the entire time we were there.
02:05
The kids couldn’t go swimming because the hotel had closed the pool because of the rain.
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The kids couldn’t go swimming because the hotel had closed the pool because of the rain.
02:10
They had nothing to do except annoy us for the whole week.
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They had nothing to do except annoy us for the whole week.
02:13
The hotel should have done more to keep the children entertained.
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The hotel should have done more to keep the children entertained.
02:16
I’m just frustrated.
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I’m just frustrated.
02:18
We saved up all year for that holiday and I feel like we haven’t had a holiday at
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We saved up all year for that holiday and I feel like we haven’t had a holiday at
02:22
all.
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all.
02:23
And the flights?
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And the flights?
02:24
Nightmare!
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Nightmare!
02:25
I’ve never experienced anything like it.
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I’ve never experienced anything like it.
02:26
If you ask me, the airlines should…
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If you ask me, the airlines should…
02:30
Have you been in that kind of situation?
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您曾經有在那種情形下嗎?
02:32
Someone is talking, but you can’t ‘break in’ to the conversation.
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某人在談論,但是,您不能“break in”會話。
02:37
If this happens, what can you do?
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如果這個發生了,您可以做什麼?
02:42
Speakers in English send signals with words, sounds and their bodies when they want to
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說英文的人在他們想在一個 會話裡插話時,用單字、聲音和
02:46
take their turn in a conversation.
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他們的肢體語言發送訊號。
02:48
Native speakers do this without even thinking.
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母語人士甚至不假思索做這個。
02:53
For non-native speakers, it’s more difficult.
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對於非母語人士,那是更難。
02:56
Let’s listen to another conversation.
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我們聽聽另一個會話。
02:59
As you listen, think about these questions.
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如同您聽到的,考慮這些問題。
03:03
What signals do the listeners give with their bodies?
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聽者用他們的身體 給出什麼訊號?
03:08
What sounds do the listeners make?
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聽者發出什麼聲音?
03:11
What do the listeners say as they take their turns?
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聽者在他們插話時說什麼?
03:16
Got it?
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理解了嗎?
03:19
Listen and watch.
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聽和看。
03:21
So, our holiday in Spain was a complete disaster… …it rained the entire time we were there.
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So, our holiday in Spain was a complete disaster… …it rained the entire time we were there.
03:28
Yeah, it was raining here too!
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Yeah, it was raining here too!
03:30
Non-stop!
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Non-stop!
03:31
But, the kids couldn’t go swimming because the hotel had closed the pool because of the
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But, the kids couldn’t go swimming because the hotel had closed the pool because of the
03:35
rain and they had nothing to do …except annoy us for the whole week.
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rain and they had nothing to do …except annoy us for the whole week.
03:40
Well, that must have been difficult, but it’s not the hotel’s fault it was raining what
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Well, that must have been difficult, but it’s not the hotel’s fault it was raining what
03:45
are they supposed to do?
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are they supposed to do?
03:46
Yeah…Well…
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Yeah…Well…
03:47
I’m just frustrated!
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I’m just frustrated!
03:49
The hotel should have done more to keep the children entertained…
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The hotel should have done more to keep the children entertained…
03:52
…we saved up all year for that holiday and I feel like we haven’t had a holiday at
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…we saved up all year for that holiday and I feel like we haven’t had a holiday at
03:57
all.
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all.
03:58
It's bad luck for sure,
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It's bad luck for sure,
03:59
but it's no one's fault.
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but it's no one's fault.
04:01
Yeah…but…I’m going back to work tomorrow and I feel the opposite of rested!
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Yeah…but…I’m going back to work tomorrow and I feel the opposite of rested!
04:06
Maybe next year we’ll go to Egypt.
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Maybe next year we’ll go to Egypt.
04:08
It doesn’t rain much there does it?
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It doesn’t rain much there does it?
04:11
Bring a raincoat just in case!
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Bring a raincoat just in case!
04:14
Did you notice how we were able to take turns?
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您有留意到我們是怎麼插話的嗎?
04:17
If you want, you can rewind and watch it again.
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如果您願意,您可以回放並再看一遍。
04:21
First, let’s think about physical signals.
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首先,我們考慮一下肢體語言訊號。
04:28
To show that you have something to say, you can nod your head while listening.
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為了表明您有話要說,您 可以邊聽邊點您的頭。
04:35
You can raise a hand.
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您可以提起您的手。
04:38
You can open your mouth slightly to show that you’re ready to start talking.
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您可以稍微打開嘴巴來表明 您準備開始談了。
04:44
You can straighten your posture and make eye contact with the other person.
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您可以擺直您的姿勢,與 另一個人做眼神交流。
04:49
Of course, you should make eye contact regularly anyway, but making eye contact can show that
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當然,無論如何,您應當不時進行眼神 交流,但是眼神交流可以表明
04:55
you’re ready to talk.
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您已經準備講了。
04:58
You can also use a combination of these body signals.
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您也可以用這些肢體語言訊號的組合。
05:03
Secondly, let’s think about vocal signals.
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其次,我們考慮下聲音訊號。
05:07
As you’re listening to the other person, you should listen actively.
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當您在聽其他人講時, 您應當積極地聽。
05:11
That means you might make noises, like ‘mmm-hmm’ or ‘uh-huh’.
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那意思是您也可以製造噪音,像是 “mmm-hmm”或“uh-huh”。
05:15
When you want to take a turn, you can use these noises with more emphasis.
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當您想插話時,您可以搭配 更多強調來用這些噪音。
05:19
This shows you are getting ready to speak.
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這表明您準備好去講了。
05:23
Thirdly, you can use words like ‘well’ or ‘so’ when you start speaking.
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再次,在您開始說時,您可以使用 單字像是“well”或“so”。
05:28
This lets you enter the conversation smoothly.
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這樣您會順暢地插話。
05:33
You also heard ‘for sure’ and ‘but’ in the dialogue.
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您也在對話裡聽到了 “for sure”和“but”。
05:36
Using words like this sends a clear signal to the people you’re talking to; it says
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使用像這樣的單字給正與您交談 的人發出了一個清晰的訊號;
05:42
“I’m about to start speaking now.”
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它是說“I’m about to start speaking now.”
05:45
So, what should you take away from this?
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所以,您應該從中得到什麼?
05:49
Waiting until there is a pause can be too late for taking a turn.
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等待直到有一個暫停對插話 來說可能是太晚了。
05:54
Or, like in the first example, there might not be pauses!
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或者,像在第一個例子裡, 也許沒有暫停!
05:58
You need to show other speakers that you have something to say and that you’re going to
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您要向其他講話的人表明 您有話要說,
06:02
start talking.
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您想開始談。
06:04
You can do this with physical or verbal signals, or a combination.
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您可以用肢體語言或聲音 訊號或一個組合來做這個。
06:08
Use words like ‘so’ or ‘well’ to enter the conversation and start your turn.
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使用單字像是“so”或“well”在會話裡 插話,開始輪到您說話。
06:14
If you can learn to automatically use these signals and phrases in your conversation,
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如果您可以學會怎樣在會話裡自動 使用這些訊號和片語,
06:19
you will sound more confident and natural.
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您會聽起來更自信或自然。
06:25
Do people sometimes interrupt you before you’ve finished speaking?
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人們有時在您結束 講話之前打斷您嗎?
06:31
When we work with English learners, it’s sometimes difficult to tell if someone has
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當我們與英文學生一起工作時, 有時很難判定某人
06:35
finished speaking or not.
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是否已經說完。
06:38
Sometimes in classes, I interrupt someone by accident, because I didn’t realise they
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有時在課堂上,我不小心打斷了某人, 因為我沒有意識到他們
06:42
had more to say.
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有更多要講的。
06:44
So, you need to *hold your turn.* This means you send signals to the people you’re talking
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所以,您需要*繼續您的講話*。這 意思是您發送一個訊號給
06:51
to that show you haven’t finished talking, and they shouldn’t interrupt you.
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正在聽您講話的某人,表明您沒有 講完,他們不能打斷您。
06:55
Let’s see how this works.
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我們看看這怎麼做。
06:58
So, should we book everything for our trip?
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So, should we book everything for our trip?
07:02
Sure.
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Sure.
07:03
We need to book flights, trains, hotels…
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We need to book flights, trains, hotels…
07:05
Yeah…
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Yeah…
07:06
Actually, I had a couple of thoughts about that.
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Actually, I had a couple of thoughts about that.
07:10
First of all, I’d like to spend more time on the islands.
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First of all, I’d like to spend more time on the islands.
07:12
It’s a holiday, you know?
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It’s a holiday, you know?
07:14
I don’t want to spend half the time in airports or on the bus.
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I don’t want to spend half the time in airports or on the bus.
07:18
So I think maybe we should visit fewer places, but spend more time in each.
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So I think maybe we should visit fewer places, but spend more time in each.
07:24
Also, I reckon we should just fly straight from Bangkok to the south, rather than taking
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Also, I reckon we should just fly straight from Bangkok to the south, rather than taking
07:28
the train.
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the train.
07:29
I know it’s a bit more expensive, but we’ll save so much time.
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I know it’s a bit more expensive, but we’ll save so much time.
07:33
Well…
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Well…
07:34
OK, but can I make a few suggestions?
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OK, but can I make a few suggestions?
07:36
I know flying direct from Bangkok is faster, but if we take the train, we can stop at a
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I know flying direct from Bangkok is faster, but if we take the train, we can stop at a
07:41
couple of places on the way.
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couple of places on the way.
07:44
There are some towns where we could spend a day, and I think it’d be interesting.
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There are some towns where we could spend a day, and I think it’d be interesting.
07:47
I’ve already done some research so I can show you where I have in mind.
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I’ve already done some research so I can show you where I have in mind.
07:51
And one more thing: I know you said you’d like to focus on the islands, but I’d really
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And one more thing: I know you said you’d like to focus on the islands, but I’d really
07:55
like to visit Chiang Mai.
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like to visit Chiang Mai.
07:57
It looks really interesting.
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It looks really interesting.
07:59
Hmm…
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Hmm…
08:00
I don’t know...
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I don’t know...
08:01
I just feel like it’s going to be too much for ten days.
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I just feel like it’s going to be too much for ten days.
08:05
Alright, but can I ask you a favour?
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Alright, but can I ask you a favour?
08:07
At least read a bit about things you can do in Chiang Mai.
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At least read a bit about things you can do in Chiang Mai.
08:10
I think it’ll be worth the trip, and there’s stuff there that you’d be interested in.
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I think it’ll be worth the trip, and there’s stuff there that you’d be interested in.
08:15
Just think about it.
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Just think about it.
08:17
That’s all I’m asking.
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That’s all I’m asking.
08:18
OK, sure, I’ll do that.
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OK, sure, I’ll do that.
08:21
First, if you have more than one thing to say, you can make this clear at the beginning
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首先,如果您有超過一件事要講, 您可以在輪到您說時的
08:25
of your turn.
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一開始就說清楚。
08:27
For example, you can say something like ‘first of all’, ‘to begin with…’ or ‘I
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例如,您可以說某些像是“first of all”、“to begin with…”或“I
08:33
have a couple of thoughts about that…’
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have a couple of thoughts about that…”
08:35
This makes it clear from the start that you will take a longer turn.
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這從一開始就說清楚了您 會講很久。
08:39
Next, in the middle of the conversation, you can separate your points with phrases like
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接下來,在會話中間,您可以用 像是“secondly”、“also…”或
08:45
‘secondly’, ‘also…’ or ‘and another thing…’
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“and anotherthing…”等片語 分開您的觀點。
08:51
These make it clear that you have more to say.
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這些講清了您有更多要說的。
08:55
Finally, you can ask rhetorical questions.
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最後,您可以問修辭性問題。
08:59
Rhetorical questions are questions which don’t need an answer.
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修辭性問題是不需要回答的。
09:03
Perhaps that sounds strange, but it’s common in natural conversation.
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可能聽起來奇怪,但是在 自然對話裡是常見的。
09:09
For example, you ask ‘can I ask you a favour? or ‘can I make a few suggestions?’
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例如,您問“can I ask you a favour?” 或“can I make a few suggestions?”
09:16
You don’t ask these questions because you want an answer.
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您沒有問這些問題, 因為您想要一個答案。
09:19
You won’t wait for the other person to say ‘yes’.
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您不想等其他人說“yes”。
09:22
Instead, you use these questions to set up what you want to say next.
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取代的是,您使用這些問題來 設定您接下來想說的。
09:27
Again, this makes it easier to hold your turn, because the other person knows what’s coming.
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同樣,這樣更容易保持您的話語權, 因為其他人知道接下來會發生什麼。
09:33
Now you already know a lot about turn taking in spoken English.
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現在,您已經知道很多跟用英文 會話時輪流講有關的事情。
09:38
Let’s see one more important point.
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我們來再看一個重點。
09:44
Remember before: we told you that sometimes in our classes, we don’t know when people
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回憶之前的:我們告訴您,有時在 我們的課堂上,我們不知道
09:48
have finished speaking?
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人們什麼時候會講完?
09:51
There are two sides to this.
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這件事有兩面。
09:52
You need to show when you haven’t finished, but you also need to make it clear when you
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當您還沒有講完時,您要表明, 但是,當您講*完*了,
09:56
*have* finished, and that other people should speak.
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您也需要講清楚,然後 其他人會接著講。
10:00
If you can’t do this, conversations can have awkward silences…
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如果您不能這樣做, 會話會有尷尬的安靜,
10:06
…and lose their flow.
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…並失去了順暢。
10:09
Let’s listen to another conversation.
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我們來聽另一段會話。
10:13
Try to see how the speakers show that they’ve finished their turn.
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試著看看講述者怎麼表明 他們講完要講的了。
10:18
Also, there’s an awkward silence in the dialogue.
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同樣,在對話裡有 一個尷尬的安靜。
10:22
Here’s a question: can you tell why it happens?
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這裡有一個問題:您能說下它為什麼發生嗎?
10:26
Watch and listen.
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看看並聽一下。
10:29
I just realised the other day I haven’t had a proper holiday for years.
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I just realised the other day I haven’t had a proper holiday for years.
10:33
I’m looking to go somewhere for a beach break this summer.
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I’m looking to go somewhere for a beach break this summer.
10:36
Didn’t *you* go on a beach holiday last year?
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Didn’t *you* go on a beach holiday last year?
10:39
Yeah, I did…
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Yeah, I did…
10:40
Bali.
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Bali.
10:41
It was a lovely trip and that part of the world is so picturesque.
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It was a lovely trip and that part of the world is so picturesque.
10:45
It also has great nightlife . When I was there, I partied all night and
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It also has great nightlife . When I was there, I partied all night and
10:50
in the morning I went to the beach Ah, so, the beaches.
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in the morning I went to the beach Ah, so, the beaches.
10:56
I’ve heard good things!
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I’ve heard good things!
10:58
I’d really like some recommendations…
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I’d really like some recommendations…
11:01
Do you have any tips?
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Do you have any tips?
11:03
For sure… some of the more remote beaches are beautiful, with hardly any tourists.
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For sure… some of the more remote beaches are beautiful, with hardly any tourists.
11:08
They’re harder to get to, but definitely worth the trip.
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They’re harder to get to, but definitely worth the trip.
11:11
Do you remember the name?
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Do you remember the name?
11:13
Not off the top of my head, but I can look some stuff up later and I’ll send you a
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Not off the top of my head, but I can look some stuff up later and I’ll send you a
11:18
message.
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message.
11:19
Well, that sounds perfect to me!
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Well, that sounds perfect to me!
11:20
Are all the beaches like that?
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Are all the beaches like that?
11:23
Not so much… the main beaches are packed with tourists, so I’d stay away from them
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Not so much… the main beaches are packed with tourists, so I’d stay away from them
11:28
if I were you.
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if I were you.
11:29
They’re packed with people drinking, being loud, tons of souvenir sellers hassling you.
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They’re packed with people drinking, being loud, tons of souvenir sellers hassling you.
11:34
But, it’s not hard to avoid them if you’re willing to travel a little further.
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But, it’s not hard to avoid them if you’re willing to travel a little further.
11:39
Alright, thanks for the advice.
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Alright, thanks for the advice.
11:42
Did you notice the awkward silence?
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您注意到尷尬的安靜了嗎?
11:44
It was right after Liam said “I went to the beach”.
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那就在Liam說“I went to the beach”之後。
11:50
Why was there an awkward silence there?
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為什麼那裡會有一個尷尬的安靜?
11:53
It’s connected to the intonation.
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它與語調有關。
11:57
Intonation is important for turn taking, especially when you want to show whether you’ve finished
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語調對於輪流交談很重要,特別是當 您想表明您講完了
12:01
speaking or not.
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或沒講完時。
12:04
Did you notice how I said - I went to the beach?
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您注意到我怎麼說 - I went to the beach?
12:07
I finished the sentence with a rising tone.
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我用上升的語氣結束了交談。
12:12
Rising intonation normally signals that you’ll continue speaking, and this leads to the awkward
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上升語調正常來說是表明您會 繼續講,這會導致您聽到的
12:17
silence you heard.
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尷尬的安靜。
12:18
The listener expected more.
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聽者期望聽到更多的東西。
12:22
What if you want to show that you’re finishing your turn, and the other person should speak?
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如果您想表明您正在結束您的 交談,其他的人應該講了呢?
12:27
What can you do?
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您可以做什麼?
12:30
One way is to use clear, falling intonation as you finish.
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一種方式是在您結束時使用 清晰、下降的語調。
12:34
Listen to the same sentence twice.
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聽同樣的句子兩次。
12:37
I went to the beach.
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I went to the beach.
12:41
I went to the beach.
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I went to the beach.
12:44
Which one sounded like I had finished talking?
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哪一個會聽起來像是我講完要講的了?
12:48
The second time I used a falling tone, showing that my idea is finished.
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我在第二次使用了一個降調, 表明我要講的講完了。
12:54
Also, you might start to slow down slightly as you finish your idea.
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同樣,當您結束您講的時候,您也許要 開始稍微講慢一點。
12:59
Slowing down slightly can send a signal that your turn is finishing, and the other person
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稍微講慢一點可以發出一個您要 講的講完了,其他人應該講了
13:04
should speak.
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的訊號。
13:07
Another simple way to end your turn is to ask a question which needs a response from
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另一種結束您講話的簡單方式是 問一個另一個人
13:11
the other person.
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需要回答的問題。
13:13
Finally, using hand gestures, like holding up your hand, palm facing up, can give a physical
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最後,使用手勢,像是舉起您 的手,掌心向上,能給出一個
13:19
signal meaning “it’s your turn to talk now.”
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意思是“it’s your turn to talk now.”的肢體語言。
13:23
Sound simple?
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聽起來簡單嗎?
13:24
Maybe, but we often see problems with this.
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也許,但是我們經常看到這樣有問題。
13:27
Also, you might be in a situation, like a phone call, where you *can’t* use physical
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同樣,也許您在這樣一個情形之下,像是 一個電話交談,在那個情形下,
13:32
signals.
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您*不能*使用肢體語言。
13:33
In this case, you need to have control of intonation and speed to show where your turn
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在這個事例裡,您需要控制好語調 和語速,以便表明
13:38
ends.
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您講完了。
13:40
Also, if you’re in a speaking exam, like an IELTS speaking test, it’s not a normal
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同樣,如果您在一個口說考試裡,像是 一個雅思口說考試,那不是
13:46
dialogue.
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一個正常的對話。
13:47
In this case, you need to use pronunciation features – mostly intonation – to show
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在這個事例裡,您需要使用發音特征 – 主要是語調 – 來表明
13:52
that your answer has finished.
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您講完了。
13:55
Thanks for watching!
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感謝觀看!
13:56
See you next time!
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下次見!
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