IELTS Essay - Tips to Write a Good IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay

雅思申論作文 — 寫一篇好的雅思寫作TASK 2 申論作文的技巧

Hi, I’m Mikey.

嗨，我是Mikey。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn how to write an IELTS task two essay.

在本節課裡，您可以學到怎麼寫 一篇雅思任務2的申論作文題。

Task two in the IELTS writing exam is the biggest challenge in IELTS for many students.

雅思寫作考試裡的任務2對很多 考生來說是一個最大的挑戰。

You have 40 minutes to write an essay, which could be on almost any topic.

您有40分鐘去寫一篇幾乎會涉及 任何主題的申論作文。

In this lesson, you’ll see a model question and a possible answer to it.

在本節課裡，您會看到一個問題 範例和一個可能的答案。

You’ll learn how to write your own IELTS essay, and we’ll share useful tips to help

您會學到怎麼寫您自己的雅思 申論作文，我們會分享有用的技巧來

you improve your IELTS writing score.

幫助您提高您的雅思寫作評分。

Let’s start with our sample question:

我們從我們的問題範例開始：

Some people believe that everyone should be free to make their own lifestyle choices,

Some people believe that everyone should be free to make their own lifestyle choices,

even if those choices are unhealthy.

even if those choices are unhealthy.

Other people think that the government should intervene to influence people’s choices,

Other people think that the government should intervene to influence people’s choices,

for example by putting high taxes on unhealthy products.

for example by putting high taxes on unhealthy products.

Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge

or experience.

or experience.

So, where do you start?

那麼，您從哪裡開始？

You’re under time pressure in the IELTS writing exam.

您處於雅思寫作考試的時間壓力之下。

This means that many IELTS candidates read the task quickly and start writing as fast

這意味著很多雅思考生快速地 閱讀任務並盡可能快地

as possible.

開始寫作。

It’s understandable, but it’s also a mistake.

那是可以理解的，但是，那也是一個錯誤。

To write a good answer, you need to understand the task well, and you need to have a plan

要寫一個申論作文，您需要很好地 理解任務，您需要對您

for what you’re going to write.

要寫什麼有一個計劃。

It’s easy to misunderstand the question, or to misunderstand a key word in the question.

誤解問題或誤解問題裡的關鍵 單字是很容易的。

This will hurt your score.

這會不利於您的評分。

So, you need to analyse the task.

所以，您需要分析任務。

How can you do this?

您可以怎麼做這個。

First, read the question and try to explain what it’s asking in your own words.

首先，閱讀問題，並試著用您自己 的話來解釋那是在問什麼。

Look at our sample question again.

再看看我們的問題範例。

Could you rephrase this question in your own words?

您可以用您自己的話來重寫這個問題嗎？

Try to make it as simple as you can.

盡您所能讓它簡單。

Think about it.

想想它。

Here are some suggestions:

在這裡有一些建議：

Should people be allowed to make their own lifestyle choices, even if they’re very unhealthy?

Should people be allowed to make their own lifestyle choices, even if they’re very unhealthy?

Should the government try to make people live healthier lives, even if it means that people

Should the government try to make people live healthier lives, even if it means that people

lose some personal freedom?

lose some personal freedom?

Of course, there are other possibilities.

當然，有其他的可能性。

This is an important step; if you don’t have any ideas here, it suggests you haven’t

這是一個重要的步驟，如果您在 這裡沒有概念，那表明您沒有

understood the question fully.

完全地理解問題。

That means you need to go back and read it again, and think about it more.

那意味著您需要再回頭閱讀它， 並再考慮它。

What’s next?

接下來呢？

Secondly, you need to identify how many things the task is asking you to do.

其次，您需要確認任務要求您去 做多少件事情。

Not all IELTS questions are the same.

並非所有的雅思問題是相同的。

Some questions ask you to do one or two things.

一些問題要求您去做一件或兩件事情。

Other questions ask you to do three or four things.

其他的問題要求您去做三件或四件事情。

What about here?

那在這裡呢？

How many things is this question asking you to do?

這個問題要求您去做多少件事情？

You have to ‘discuss both of these views’.

您必須“討論這兩種觀點“。

That means you need to discuss the idea that everyone should be free to make their own

那意味著您需要去討論每個人 應當可以自由地選擇他們

lifestyle choices, and you also need to discuss the idea that the government should intervene

自己的生活方式，您也需要去 討論政府應該介入

to influence people’s choices.

以影響人們的選擇的看法，

You need to give your own opinion, so you need to reach a conclusion about which viewpoint

您需要給出您自己的觀點，所以， 您需要得出一個您同意

you agree with.

哪一種觀點的結論。

Finally, you need to give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples.

最後，您需要為您的答案給出理由 並包括相關的例證。

So, you need to do four things here.

所以，您需要在這裡做四件事情。

When you read the question in your IELTS exam, add numbers to the task, like this.

當您閱讀您的雅思考題時， 給任務添加數字，像是這樣：

This way, you can check when you’re planning or writing, and make sure you aren’t leaving

以這種方式，您可以檢查您什麼 時候在計畫或寫作，

anything out.

確認您沒有離題。

Let’s review: when you analyse the task, you should try to rephrase the question in

我們來複習：當您分析任務時， 您應當試著用您自己的話來

your own words, and then work out how many things you need to do.

給問題換個說法，然後找出 您需要做多少件事情。

What comes next?

那到下一步呢？

This is a super-important step, even if you feel that you don’t have time.

這是超級重要的一步，即使您 覺得您沒有時間了。

If you don’t plan, it’s hard to write a clear, well-organised essay.

如果您不做計畫，很難去寫一篇 清晰、組織結構很好的申論作文。

This makes it difficult to get higher scores.

這樣會很難拿到高分。

When planning, you need to:

在您計畫時，您需要：

One: decide what your conclusion is going to be.

一：決定您的結論會是什麼。

Two: decide how many body paragraphs you’re going to have.

二：決定您會有多少個主體段落。

Let’s think about these steps for our sample question.

我們來就我們的問題範例想想這些步驟。

There are three basic conclusions you can reach here.

在這裡，您可以得出 三個基本的結論。

You could say that people are free to make whatever unhealthy choices they want, and

您能說人們可以自由地做出任何 他們想要的不健康的選擇，

the government should not get involved.

政府不得干涉。

You could say that the government should intervene to influence people’s decisions, and that

您可以說政府應當介入以便影響人們 的決定，並且人們不能

people are not free to make absolutely any bad choices they want.

自由地做出他們想要的任何 糟糕的選擇。

Or, you could go for a balanced conclusion, where your position is a compromise between

或者，您可以得出一個平衡的 結論，您的立場是兩個觀點

both sides.

之間的妥協。

What do you think?

您覺得呢？

If you were writing this essay, what would your conclusion be?

如果您在寫這篇申論作文， 您的總結會是什麼？

Remember that one conclusion isn’t better than another.

記住，一個結論不會比另一個更好。

You can say whatever you want.

您可以說任何您想說的。

However, you should know what your conclusion is before you go any further.

然而，在您往下寫之前，您應當 知道您的結論是什麼。

Otherwise, it’s impossible to make a coherent plan.

否則，做一個上下文連貫的計畫 是不可能的。

Next, you need to plan your body paragraphs.

接下來，您需要計劃您的主體段落。

An important point: each body paragraph should have one main point, and only one main point.

一個重點：每一個主體段落應當有 一個主要觀點，並且只有一個主要觀點。

Don’t put many different ideas in one paragraph.

不要放很多不同的重點在一個段落裡。

You also need to make sure your body paragraphs are consistent with your conclusion.

您也需要確認您的主體段落是 和您的結論是一致的。

If your conclusion is that people are free to make unhealthy choices, then you can’t

如果您的結論是人們可以自由地 做不健康的選擇，那麼，您不能

include a body paragraph talking about the negative effects of unhealthy lifestyle choices.

包含有一個談論不健康生活方式 選擇的負面後果的主體段落。

Let’s look at three sample plans:

我們來看三個範例：

Body paragraph 1: people are free to decide what to do with their own bodies

主體段落1： 人們可以自由決定 對他們自己的身體做什麼。

Body paragraph 2: it’s not the government’s job to be a parent to people

主體段落2：為人父母那不是 政府的工作。

Conclusion: people are free to make whatever unhealthy choices they want

結論：人們可以自由地做他們想要的 任何不健康的選擇。

Here’s another possibility:

這裡是另外一種可能性：

Body paragraph 1: people’s unhealthy choices have a negative effect on other people and

主體段落1：人們的不健康的選擇 對其他人和整個社會都有

society as a whole Body paragraph 2: the government should make

一個負面影響 主體段落2：政府應當讓不健康的

unhealthy lifestyle choices expensive, difficult or illegal

生活方式變得昂貴、 困難或不合法。

Conclusion: people are not free to make any unhealthy choices they want, and the government

結論：人們不能自由地做出他們 想要的任何不健康的選擇，政府

has a duty to intervene Finally, here’s a third possible plan:

有義務介入。 最後，這是第三種可能的計劃：

Body paragraph 1: people are free to decide what to do with their own bodies

主體段落1： 人們可以自由決定 對他們自己的身體做什麼。

Body paragraph 2: people’s unhealthy choices have a negative effect on other people and

主體段落 2：人們的不健康的選擇 對其他人和整個社會都有

society as a whole Body paragraph 3: the government should encourage

一個負面影響。 主體段落 3：政府應當鼓勵

healthier choices, and discourage less healthy ones

更健康的選擇，並且勸導 不太健康的那些。

Conclusion: people are free to make whatever unhealthy choices they want, but the government

結論：人們可以自由地做出他們 想要的任何不健康的選擇，

should also push people towards making healthier choices

但是，政府也應當推動人們去做出 更健康的選擇。

Which plan is better?

哪一個計劃更好？

They’re all good plans.

它們都是好計劃。

One isn’t better than another.

一個不會比另一個更好。

And, of course, there are many other possibilities!

當然，有很多其他的可能性！

It depends on the ideas you have.

那取決於您的想法。

For this lesson, we’re going to use the third plan to write a model IELTS essay.

對於本節課，我們想要使用第三個 計劃來寫一個雅思申論作文範例。

Let’s review quickly: your plan needs to do two things.

我們快速複習一下：您的計劃需要 做兩件事情。

One: your plan needs to be consistent with your conclusion, so that all your ideas support

一：您的計劃需要與您的結論保持 一致，這樣您所有的想法

your final point.

支持了您最後的重點。

Two: you need to have one (and only one) main idea in each body paragraph.

二：在每一個主體段落您需要 有一個主要觀點 (並且只有一個) 。

At this point, you’re ready for the next step.

在這一個重點，您準備好 下一步了。

There are three things you can do in your introduction:

在您的開頭部分，有三件您能 做的事情：

First, you can provide a ‘hook’: something which shows why the topic you’re writing

首先，您可以提供一個“鉤子”：可以 表明為什麼您所寫的主題

about is interesting or relevant.

是有趣的或相關聯的某些東西。

This could be some background information, a rhetorical question, an interesting fact,

這可以是一些背景資訊，一個 反問的問題，一個有趣的

or something similar.

事實，或某些類似的。

Secondly, you can reframe the question to show how you are going to approach it, and

其次，您可以重新講述問題來 表明您會緊貼問題，以及

how you are interpreting the key ideas in the task.

您怎樣去詮釋任務裡的關鍵 觀點。

Finally, you need to give an indication of what your essay will talk about, and what

最後，您需要表明您的申論作文 會談論什麼，以及您的

your conclusion will be.

結論會是什麼。

The first part is the least important.

第一部分是最不重要的。

If you can think of a good hook, great!

如果您可以想到一個好鉤子，那很棒！

If not, don’t worry about it.

如果沒有，不要擔心它。

The second part—reframing the question—is important if you’re aiming for higher scores.

第二部分 — 重新講述問題 — 是重要 的，如果您的目標是在拿到高分的話。

If you’re aiming for a lower score, you don’t have to do this.

如果您的目標是低分，您不必做這個。

Be careful with reframing and paraphrasing; many IELTS candidates have problems with this.

留意重新詮釋和轉述；很多雅思 考生在這裡出問題。

Not doing it at all is better than doing it badly.

根本就不要做它比做得很糟糕要更好。

The third part is essential.

第三部分是必須的。

Your introduction must signal which direction you intend to take, and what your conclusion

您的開頭必須表明您打算導向 哪一個方向，以及您的

will be.

結論會是什麼。

This shows the examiner that you have a coherent plan, and you know where you are going.

這告訴考官您有一個上下文承接的 計劃，以及您知道您會談及什麼。

Let’s look now at a model introduction:

我們現在看一個開頭範例：

Are you free to destroy your own health?

Are you free to destroy your own health?

If I want to smoke 60 cigarettes a day, eat fast food for every meal, or drink a litre

If I want to smoke 60 cigarettes a day, eat fast food for every meal, or drink a litre

of vodka daily, am I free to do so?

of vodka daily, am I free to do so?

In this essay, I will show that while you cannot stop people from making bad choices,

In this essay, I will show that while you cannot stop people from making bad choices,

the government can and should play an active role in encouraging people to live more healthily.

the government can and should play an active role in encouraging people to live more healthily.

You can see all three parts in this introduction.

您可以在這個開頭裡看到所有三個部分。

The first sentence is partly a hook, partly a reframing of the question.

第一句部分是一個鉤子，部分是 一個問題的重新詮釋。

You’re using a rhetorical question to address the topic directly.

您在使用一個反問的問題來 直接講這個主題。

The second sentence reframes the question in terms of personal freedoms.

第二個句子重新詮釋關於個人 自由定義的問題。

This is relevant, because in the body of the essay we’re going to focus on this aspect

這是相關聯的，因為在申論作文的 主體，我們要關注任務的

of the task.

這一方向。

The third sentence explains very clearly where the essay will go.

第三個句子很清楚地解釋了 申論作文會寫什麼。

Reading this, the examiner will know what your conclusion is going to be.

讀到這裡，考官會知道您的結論 會是什麼。

That’s a good thing: in a coherent essay, your conclusion should not be a surprise.

那是一件好事情：在一篇連貫的申論作文 裡，您的結論應當不會令人吃驚。

Let’s review quickly: when you write an introduction, you absolutely must signal which

我們來快速複習一下：在您寫一個 開頭時，您絕對必須表明您會

direction you’ll take, and what your conclusion will be.

把握哪一個方向，以及您的結論 會是什麼。

You should consider reframing the question to highlight the ideas you want to focus on

您應當考慮重新詮釋問題來強調 在您的申論作文裡您想要

in your essay.

關注的看法。

You can optionally include a hook or some background information, but it isn’t necessary.

您可以有選擇地包含一個鉤子或 一些背景資訊，但是，那是沒必要的。

After your introduction, you need to move on to your body paragraphs.

在您的開頭之後，您需要進入到 您的主體段落。

Start your body paragraph by writing a topic sentence.

用寫一個主題句子來開始 您的主體段落。

The topic sentence summarises the main idea of your paragraph.

主題句子小結您的段落的主要觀點。

Let’s remember the plan we’re using: So, our topic sentence for the first body

我們來記住我們在使用的計劃： 所以，我們的第一個主體段落的

paragraph could be the sentence from the plan:

主題句子可以是計劃裡面的句子：

People are free to decide what to do with their own bodies.

People are free to decide what to do with their own bodies.

Or, you could say something more sophisticated, like:

或者，您可以說某些更複雜的，像是：

People frequently make self-destructive choices, and to a certain extent they should be free

People frequently make self-destructive choices, and to a certain extent they should be free

to do so.

to do so.

This is better, not only because it uses more advanced grammar and vocabulary, but also

這樣是更好的，不僅因為它使用了 更進階的文法和字彙，而且

because it also signals the conclusion: people are free to make bad choices, but that freedom

因為它也表明了結論： people are free to make bad choices,

has limits.

but that freedom has limits.

After your topic sentence, you need to develop your idea by going into more detail.

在您的主題句之後，您需要通過 講得更詳細來展開您的想法。

For example:

例如：

Choosing what to eat or drink, how much exercise to do, how many hours to sleep, and whether

Choosing what to eat or drink, how much exercise to do, how many hours to sleep, and whether

to smoke or not are personal matters and very basic freedoms.

to smoke or not are personal matters and very basic freedoms.

This is fundamentally the same idea as the topic sentence, but more detailed.

這是與主題句子基本相同的 想法，但是，更具體。

Where the topic sentence is general, the second sentence is more specific.

在主題句是籠統的情形下， 第二句是更具體的。

If possible, add an example to support your point, like this:

如果可能，添加一個例證來支撐 您的觀點，像是這樣：

For example, consider a man who does no exercise and regularly eats large amounts of processed

例如： consider a man who does no exercise and regularly eats large amounts of processed

junk food.

junk food.

His habits are clearly unhealthy, but equally clearly they are his decisions to make.

His habits are clearly unhealthy, but equally clearly they are his decisions to make.

You can see that the paragraph starts with a generalisation, and then gets more and more

您可以看到段落用一個概括 的開頭，然後變得越來

specific.

越具體。

This is a good pattern to follow in your body paragraphs.

這是在您的正文段落裡 遵循的一個很好的結構。

Finally, it’s good to end your paragraph with a mini-conclusion which restates the

最後，最好用一個重申段落 中心思想的小結來

central idea of the paragraph:

結束您的段落：

It is hard even to imagine a world in which people are forced to exercise regularly, or

It is hard even to imagine a world in which people are forced to exercise regularly, or

prevented from eating what they wanted; the idea is manifestly ridiculous.

prevented from eating what they wanted; the idea is manifestly ridiculous.

So, in the last sentence you’re going back to generalisation, but using the specific

所以，在最後一句，您要回到概括， 但是，使用您在段落裡

ideas you mentioned in the paragraph.

提及的具體觀點。

Maybe you’re thinking, “That’s easy for you, but I don’t have the vocabulary

或許您在想 “那對您很容易，但是， 我沒有足夠的字彙來寫像

to write something like that.”

那樣的某些東西。“

Maybe, maybe not, but you can still follow the same ideas.

也許是，也許不是，但是， 您仍然可以遵循相同的想法。

Start with a topic sentence, go into more detail, add an example if possible, and then

用一個主題句子開頭，進入到更 具體，如果可能，添加例證，

restate the central idea of the paragraph at the end.

然後在結尾重申段落的中心思想。

Follow the same structure for your remaining body paragraphs, and then it’s time to write

在您的剩餘主體段落遵循相同的 結構，然後，是時候去寫

your conclusion.

您的總結了。

When writing a conclusion, you need to do two things:

在寫一個總結時， 您需要做兩件事情：

One: state your opinion clearly.

一：清晰地陳述您的觀點。

Two: connect all of the key ideas from the task that you’ve discussed in your body

二：連接在您的主體段落裡 您討論過的任務的所有

paragraphs.

關鍵看法。

Start your conclusion with a very clear, direct statement of your opinion.

用一個非常清晰、非常直接的您的 觀點的陳述來開始您的總結。

For example:

例如：

I strongly agree that everyone should be free to make their own lifestyle choices, including

I strongly agree that everyone should be free to make their own lifestyle choices, including

unhealthy choices.

unhealthy choices.

The government should do more to discourage people from making unhealthy lifestyle choices.

The government should do more to discourage people from making unhealthy lifestyle choices.

Both of the views expressed in the question are correct.

Both of the views expressed in the question are correct.

This shows the examiner that you’re addressing the question directly and that you have a

這告訴考官您在直接地回答問題， 以及您有一個清晰的

clear opinion.

觀點。

This has a big effect on your IELTS writing score.

這對您的雅思寫作評分有很大影響。

Next, you need to connect the key ideas from the task that you’ve discussed in your body

接來下，您需要連接在您的主體 段落裡您討論過的任務的

paragraphs.

所有關鍵觀點。

Be careful not to simply repeat ideas.

小心，不要簡單地重複觀點。

Look at a model conclusion now:

現在，看一個結論範例：

Both of the views expressed in the question are correct.

Both of the views expressed in the question are correct.

People are, and should be, free to make unhealthy lifestyle choices if they want to.

People are, and should be, free to make unhealthy lifestyle choices if they want to.

However, because of the wider impact of such choices, the government also has a responsibility

However, because of the wider impact of such choices, the government also has a responsibility

to encourage healthier lifestyles and disincentivise unhealthy habits.

to encourage healthier lifestyles and disincentivise unhealthy habits.

You can see that we cover the idea of personal freedom from paragraph one, the idea that

您可以看到我們涵蓋段落一裡的 個人自由的觀點，段落二

individual choices have broader consequences from paragraph two, and the idea that the

裡個人選擇有更廣泛後果的觀點， 以及段落三裡政府應當

government should encourage people to make healthier choices from paragraph three.

鼓勵人們去做更健康的選擇的觀點。

This is a strong conclusion, because it provides a clear position, and also connects everything

這是一個很強的結論，因為它提供了 一個清晰的立場，也以一個

together in a coherent way.

連貫的方式把每一個觀點連接在一起。

You can see the full text of the model essay on our website: Oxford Online English dot

您可以在我們的網站看申論作文範例的完整文本： Oxford Online English dot

com.

com.

There’s a link underneath the video.

在影片下方有一個連接。

We have a question for you: what topics do you find easiest or most difficult to write

我們有一個問題給您：您覺得雅思 申論作文題最容易寫或最難寫的

about in IELTS essay questions?

主題是什麼？

Please let us know your ideas in the comments!

請在留言板裡告訴我們您的看法。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！