Should You Use TO or FOR? - 5 Levels of English Grammar

"to"和“for”的五个难度等级

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎使用牛津在线英语！

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

这是“ 5级”课程。

The lesson has five parts.

本课程分为五个部分。

Each section will give you a challenge.

每个部分都会给您带来挑战。

Each section is designed to be more difficult than the previous ones.

每个部分的设计难度都比以前的难度更大。

You’ll probably find different parts easier or more difficult.

您可能会发现不同的部分更容易或更困难。

This will help you to understand where you have problems; in each section, we’ll give

这将帮助您了解问题所在。在每个部分中，我们将给出

you an idea of what you need to know in order to understand the challenge fully.

您需要了解的一些知识，才能充分理解挑战。

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

第一级是初学者，因此，如果您不是初学者，则应跳到第二级。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let’s go!

我们开始吧！

Look at five sentences.

看五个句子。

Complete each sentence with either ‘to’ or ‘for’.

用“to”或“for”完成每个句子。

Pause the video and do it now!

暂停视频并立即开始！

Ready?

可以了吗？

Let’s look at the answers.

让我们看看答案。

‘To’ and ‘for’ both have many different uses in English.

“ To”和“ for”在英语中都有许多不同的用法。

Some are simple.

有些很简单。

You use ‘to’ to talk about going somewhere.

您使用“to”来谈论去某个地方。

For example ‘go to the shop’, ‘go to London’, ‘go to China’, and so on.

例如，“go to the shop”，“go to London”，“go to China”等等。

There’s one common exception: you say ‘go home’, without ‘to’.

有一个常见的例外：您说 “go home”，而没有加“to”。

Use ‘for’ when you do something for someone else.

当您为他人做某事时，请使用“ for”。

For example, you can hold something for someone, carry something for someone, buy something

例如，您可以为某人抓住某样东西、为某人拿某样东西、

for someone, and so on.

为某人买某样东西，等等。

Use ‘to’ when you’re talking about an end point in time or space.

在谈论时间或空间终点时，请使用“to”。

In these cases, you often use ‘from… to…’

在这些情况下，您经常使用“from…to…”

For example ‘I’ll be here from Monday to Friday.’

例如，“I’ll be here from Monday to Friday.” /“星期一到星期五我会在这”。

‘The new road runs from the capital city to the south coast.’

"The new road runs from the capital city to the south coast.“ /“新的路从首都延伸到南海岸。”

You can also use ‘to’ with verbs of giving, like in sentence four.

您也可以用“to”搭配授予动词，如第四句。

However, with these verbs, it’s common to use a structure without ‘to’.

但是，对于一些动词，通常使用不带“ to”的结构。

For example, with ‘give’, you can give someone something, or give something to someone.

例如，和“give”搭配使用时，您可以给某人某物，或把某物给某人。

Both structures are possible, but the first is more common.

两种结构都是可能的，但第一种更常见。

So, you can say: ‘Give the bottle to me.’

因此，您可以说：“Give the bottle to me.”/“把瓶子给我。”

Or: ‘Give me the bottle.’

或者：“Give me the bottle.”/“给我瓶子。”

Both are possible, but the second is more common.

两者都有可能，但第二种更为常见。

These are some of the most common ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

这些是使用“ to”和“ for”的最常见方法。

Let’s move on to level two, where you’ll see another important use of these two prepositions.

让我们进入第二级，您将在这里看到这两个介词的另一个重要用法。

Here are your sentences for level two.

您看一下第二级的句子。

In each sentence, you need to choose ‘to’ or ‘for’.

在每个句子中，您需要选择“to”或“for”。

Pause the video, and think about your answers.

暂停视频，然后考虑您的答案。

Are you ready?

您准备好了吗？

Here are the answers.

这里是答案。

You can use ‘to’ and ‘for’ to give a reason for doing something, or to explain

您可以使用“to”和“for”来说明做某事的原因，或解释

the function of something.

某物的功能。

In sentences one and two, you’re talking about your reason for doing something.

在第一句话和第二句话中，您正在谈论做某事的原因。

Why did you stop on the way home?

您为什么在回家的路上停下来？

To get a coffee.

去喝咖啡。

Or, for a coffee.

或者，为了咖啡。

Look at two more examples: ‘We need to go to the shop to buy some batteries.’

再看两个例子：“We need to go to the shop to buy some batteries.” /“我们要去商店买一些电池。”

‘We need to go to the shop for some batteries.’

“We need to go to the shop for some batteries.” /“为了买电池，我们要去商店。”

Again, you’re talking about *why* you’re going to the shop.

再说一次，您是在谈论为什么要去商店。

In this case, you can use ‘to’ plus an infinitive verb, or ‘for’ plus a noun.

在这种情况下，可以使用“ to”加上不定式动词，也可以使用“ for”加上名词。

In sentences three and four, you’re talking about the function of something.

在第三和第四句中，您正在谈论事物的功能。

What does this little metal thing do?

这个金属小东西做什么用的？

It’s used to open bottles, *or* for opening bottles.

用它来打开瓶子，*or* 开瓶子用的。

Look at two more examples like this: ‘She developed a tool to analyse data collected

再看两个这样的示例：“She developed a tool to analyse data collected at different times and places.“

at different times and places.’

/"她开发了一种工具来分析在不同的 时间和地点收集到的数据。”

‘She developed a tool for analysing data collected at different times and places.’

”She developed a tool for analysing data collected at different times and places.“/“为了分析在不同时间和地点收集到的数据，她开发了一种工具。”

So, we’re talking about ‘reason’ and ‘function’.

因此，我们正在谈论“reason”和“function”。

Are these ideas the same?

这些想法是一样的吗？

No – they’re different.

不，他们不同。

Let’s see how.

让我们看看如何。

‘Reason’ tells you why someone does something.

“reason”告诉您为什么有人做某事。

Here, you can use ‘to’ plus an infinitive or ‘for’ plus a noun.

在这里，您可以使用“ to”加上不定式或“ for”加上名词。

*Don’t* use ‘for’ plus an -ing verb.

*Don’t*使用'for'加上-ing动词。

‘Function’ tells you what something is used for, for example a tool.

“Function”告诉您什么东西用于什么，例如工具。

Here, you can use three structures: ‘to’ plus infinitive verb, ‘for’ plus -ing

在这里，您可以使用三种结构：“ to”加上不定式动词，“ for”加上-ing

or ‘for’ plus noun.

或“ for”加名词。

If you’re not sure whether to use ‘to’ or ‘for’ in sentences like this, what

如果您不确定在这样的句子中使用“ to”还是“ for”，该怎么办？

can you do?

您可以做吗？

If you’re not sure whether a sentence is about reason or function, then try to use

如果您不确定句子是关于原因还是功能，如果可以的话，

‘to’ plus infinitive if you can, because you can use this in both cases.

请尝试使用“to”加上不定式，因为这两种情况都可以使用。

Review this section if you need to, and think more about the difference between reason and

如果需要，请复习本节，并进一步考虑原因和功能

function.

之间的区别。

It’s a common mistake to use ‘for’ plus -ing when talking about reason, for example

在谈论原因时，有一个使用'for'加-ing 的常见错误，例如，

‘We stopped on the way home for getting a coffee.’

“We stopped on the way home for getting a coffee.” /“为了喝一杯咖啡，我们在回家的路上停了下来。”

Remember, this is not correct!

记住，这是不正确的！

But, it’s a common mistake.

但是，这是一个常见的错误。

Let’s move on to level three, where you’ll see more mistakes which English learners often

让我们进入第三级，在这里您将看到更多英语学习者用“to”和“for”

make with ‘to’ and ‘for’.

常犯的错误。

Level three is a little different.

第三级略有不同。

Four sentences are incorrect; only one is correct.

四个句子是不正确的；只有一个是正确的。

You have two jobs.

您要做两件事。

First, find the correct sentence.

首先，找到正确的句子。

Second, correct the mistakes in the other four sentences.

其次，纠正其他四个句子中的错误。

Got it?

理解了吗？

Pause the video, and find your answers.

暂停视频，然后找到答案。

Take as long as you need!

随便您花多少时间！

Could you do it?

您能做到吗？

Which sentence do you think is correct?

您认为哪句话是正确的？

Let’s see.

让我们来看看。

‘To’ and ‘for’ are used after many verbs, adjectives and nouns.

“ To”和“ for”用于许多动词、形容词和名词之后。

Many of these are fixed phrases, meaning you just need to remember them as you learn.

其中许多是固定短语，这意味着您在学习时只需记住它们。

‘Good for your health’ is one expression like this.

“Good for your health”/“对您的健康有益”就是这样的表达。

You can also say ‘good for you’, which has the same meaning, and is more natural-sounding,

您也可以说“good for you”/“对您好”，意思相同，听起来更自然，

especially in conversational English.

特别是英语会话中。

So, you could say ‘Jogging two or three times a week is good for you.’

因此，您可以说“Jogging two or three times a week is good for you.”/“每周慢跑2至3次对您有益”。

There are some verbs like ‘phone’, ‘call’, ‘ask’ or ‘answer’ which are used with

在许多其他语言中，有些像是“ phone”、“ call”、“ ask”或“answer”

‘to’ or a similar idea in many other languages, but not in English.

的动词与“to”搭配使用，或类似这样的，但并不是英语。

Is this true for your language?

您的语言也是这样吗？

Do you say ‘phone to someone’ or ‘phone someone?’

您是说“phone to someone” 还是"phone someone?"？

If in your language, you say ‘phone to someone’, you need to be careful with mistakes like

如果您用母语说“phone to someone”，则需要注意

in sentence two!

类似在第二句话中的错误！

In English, you phone *someone*, call *someone*, ask *someone* and answer *someone*, without

在英语中，您phone“某人”、call“某人”、ask“某人”、 answer“某人”，不需要

‘to’.

“to”。

What about sentence three?

那第三句话呢？

You heard about this in level two.

您在第二级听过。

This sentence expresses reason – why did you go to the post office?

这句话表达了理由 – 您为什么去邮局？

To express reason, don’t use ‘for’ plus an -ing verb.

为了表达理由，请不要使用“ for”加-ing动词。

Here, because there’s a verb – ‘send’ – you need to use ‘to’ plus an infinitive

在这里，因为有一个动词–'send'-您需要使用'to'加上

verb.

动词不定式。

Sentence four has the same problem.

句子四有相同的问题。

You’re talking about reason – why are you taking a break? – and there’s a verb

您在谈论原因–您为什么要休息？ –还有一个动词

– ‘eat’.

- 'eat'。

So, you can only use ‘to’ plus infinitive.

因此，您只能使用'to'加不定式。

Sentence five is correct.

句子五是正确的。

Do you find it strange?

您觉得奇怪吗？

Normally, you use ‘to’ to talk about the destination, or end point of a journey.

通常，您使用“to”来谈论目的地或旅程的终点​​。

However, with verbs like ‘leave’, ‘depart’ or ‘set out’, you use ‘for’ instead.

但是，与“leave”，“depart”或“set out”等 动词搭配，您要改用“ for”。

Remember: there’s a lot of information and different topics in this lesson.

请记住：本课中有很多信息和不同主题。

If you want more examples, go to a good online dictionary; we recommend Lexico, which you

如果您需要更多示例，要找一个好的在线词典。我们建议您使用Lexico，

can find at www dot lexico dot com.

您可以在www dot lexico dot com上找到。

Look up ‘to’ or ‘for’ and you can find many examples of the different ways to

查找“to”或“for”，您可以找到很多不同的这两个介词

use these two prepositions.

使用方法的例子。

This time, there are two gaps in each sentence.

这次，每个句子中都有两个空格。

Put either ‘to’ or ‘for’ in each gap.

在每个空格中放入“to”或“for”。

Do you have the answers?

您有答案吗？

No?

没有？

Pause the video and think about your answers!

暂停视频并考虑您的答案！

Don’t just wait for us to tell you!

不要只想等我们告诉您！

Ready now?

好了？

OK, here are the answers.

好的，这是答案。

With some verbs, nouns and adjectives, it’s possible to use *either* ‘to’ or ‘for’

搭配某些动词、名词和形容词，可以使用* to *或'for'

to express different ideas.

来表达不同的想法。

This means you can sometimes use *both* ‘to’ and ‘for’ after a verb, such as ‘wait’.

这意味着您有时可以在动词之后使用 “ to”和“ for”两者，例如“ wait”。

You can wait for something, wait for someone, or wait to do something.

您可以等待某事，等待某人或等待做某事。

If you combine these, you can also wait *for* something *to* happen, or wait *for* someone

如果将这些结合起来，您还可以等待某事发生，或等待某人

*to* do something.

做某事。

While it’s possible to use both ‘to’ and ‘for’ here, and with other words too,

在此处可以同时使用“ to”和“ for”，也可以使用其他字词，

the order is not flexible.

顺序是固定的。

You wait *for* someone *to do* something.

您等待*for*某人*to do*某事。

You can’t put the ‘to’ phrase before the ‘for’ phrase.

您不能在“ for”短语之前放置“ to”短语。

In sentence two, you *could* change the order of the ‘to’ and ‘for’ phrases, but

在第二句中，您*could“更改*to”和“ for”短语的顺序，但是

in the other four sentences, you can’t.

在另外四个句子中，您不能。

In such cases, you need to learn the exact patterns which can follow each verb, noun

在这种情况下，您需要学习可以跟随每个动词、 名词和形容词的准确结构

or adjective: for example ‘apologise to someone’, ‘apologise for something’

：例如“apologise to someone”、 “apologise for something”

and ‘apologise to someone for something’.

以及“apologise to someone for something”。

This is more of a vocabulary problem than a grammar one.

这不是语法问题，而是更偏向于是一个词汇问题。

If you have problems with this, then learning grammar rules isn’t the best solution.

如果您对此有疑问，那么学习语法规则不是最佳解决方案。

Learn and practise specific phrases, and try to use them in natural speech or writing,

学习和练习特定的短语，并尝试将其用于自然语言或写作中，

like you would with other new vocabulary.

就像您使用其他新词汇一样。

Are you ready for the toughest challenge?

您准备好迎接最艰巨的挑战了吗？

Let’s see the sentences Each sentence has three spaces.

让我们看一下句子。每个句子都有三个空格。

In each space, you can put ‘to’, ‘for’ or nothing.

在每个空格中，您可以填“ to”、“ for”或不填任何内容。

You should put ‘to’ or ‘for’ if possible.

如果可能的话，您应该填“ to”或“ for”。

Pause the video and think about your answers now.

暂停视频，现在考虑您的答案。

We tried to make these sentences as challenging as we could, so take your time!

我们试图使这些句子尽可能具有挑战性，请花点时间！

Ready?

准备好了？

Let’s look together.

让我们一起看看。

In this lesson, you’ve seen different ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

在本课程中，您已经看到了使用“ to”和“ for”的不同方法。

There are other meanings of ‘to’ and ‘for’ which we haven’t covered.

我们还没有涉及“to”和“for”的其他含义。

Here’s a test: can you remember three different ways to use ‘to’ and three different ways

这是一个测试：您能记住三种不同的 使用“ to”的方法以及三种不同的

to use ‘for’?

使用“为”的方法吗？？

Pause the video for a few seconds and think about it.

暂停视频几秒钟，然后考虑一下。

Could you do it?

您能做到吗？

If not, don’t worry.

如果没有，请不要担心。

You don’t need to memorise every single way to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

您无需记住使用“ to”和“ for”的所有方法。

However, you should understand that if you’re asking questions like ‘how do I use ‘to’

但是，您应该了解，如果您要问“我如何使用to”这样的问题

and ‘for’’? or ‘what’s the difference between ‘to’ and ‘for’’? then you’re

和“如何使用for的问题”？或“to”和“for”之间 的区别是什么？那您不是

not asking one question.

在问一个问题。

There are many ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’, and many differences between them.

有很多种使用“ to”和“ for”的方法，它们之间有许多差异。

In level five, you needed to combine different uses of ‘to’ and ‘for’ in a single

在第五级中，您需要将“ to”和“ for”的不同用法

sentence.

组合到一个句子里。

This is common in real-world English use; you may need to use ‘to’ and/or ‘for’

这在现实世界的英语用法中很常见； 您可能需要在同一句话中

in different ways in the same sentence.

以不同的方式使用“to”和/或“for”。

This is where things get complicated.

这就是事情变得复杂的地方。

So, what can you do?

所以，您可以做什么？

Here are two tips.

这里有两个提示。

One: learn about using ‘to’ and ‘for’ to talk about purpose and function, which

一：学习使用“ to”和“ for”来谈论目的和功能，

we covered in levels two and three.

我们在本节课的第二和第三级已经教授了。

This causes the most problems for English learners.

这给英语学习者带来了最多的问题。

Two: if you find it difficult to use ‘to’ and ‘for’, try to find the reason why.

第二：如果难以使用“ to”和“ for”，请尝试找出原因。

Which meaning of ‘to’ or ‘for’ is giving you problems?

“to”或“for”中的哪一个的含义给您带来麻烦？

Do you just need to learn more fixed phrases using ‘to’ and ‘for’?

您是否仅仅需要学习更多的使用“ to”和“ for”的固定短语？

Are you having problems because you’re trying to translate a structure from your language

您是否也有问题，因为您正在尝试 把一个结构从您的母语

directly into English?

直接翻译成英文？

Remember that English might use different structures to your native language.

请记住，英语可能使用与您的母语不同的结构。

Before we finish, a question: what difficulties do you have with ‘to’ and ‘for’?

在我们结束之前，一个问题：您在“to”和“for”搭配上有什么困难？

Can you think of any other common ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’ that we haven’t

您能想到任何我们在这个视屏中 没有提及的其他常见的

mentioned in this video?

使用“ to”和“ for”的方法吗？

That’s it.

就这样。

Thanks for watching!

感谢收看！

See you next time!

下次见！