Should You Use TO or FOR? - 5 Levels of English Grammar

Hi, I’m Kasia.

嗨，我是Kasia。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

This is a ‘5 levels’ lesson.

這是“ 5級”課程。

The lesson has five parts.

本課程分為五個部分。

Each section will give you a challenge.

每個部分都會給您帶來挑戰。

Each section is designed to be more difficult than the previous ones.

每個部分的設計難度都比以前的難度更大。

You’ll probably find different parts easier or more difficult.

您可能會發現不同的部分更容易或更困難。

This will help you to understand where you have problems; in each section, we’ll give

這將幫助您了解問題所在。在每個部分中，我們將給出

you an idea of what you need to know in order to understand the challenge fully.

您需要了解的一些知識，您才能充分理解挑戰。

Level one is beginner, so if you’re not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

第一級是初學者，因此，如果您不是初學者，則應進階到第二級。

Ready?

好了嗎？

Let’s go!

我們開始吧！

Look at five sentences.

看五個句子。

Complete each sentence with either ‘to’ or ‘for’.

用“to”或“for”完成每個句子。

Pause the video and do it now!

暫停影片並馬上開始！

Ready?

可以了嗎？

Let’s look at the answers.

我們來看看答案。

‘To’ and ‘for’ both have many different uses in English.

“ To”和“ for”在英文中有很多不同用法。

Some are simple.

有些很簡單。

You use ‘to’ to talk about going somewhere.

您用“to”來談論去某地。

For example ‘go to the shop’, ‘go to London’, ‘go to China’, and so on.

例如，“go to the shop”、“go to London”、“go to China”等等。

There’s one common exception: you say ‘go home’, without ‘to’.

有一個常見的例外：您說“go home”，而不需加“to”。

Use ‘for’ when you do something for someone else.

當您為他人做某事時，請使用“ for”。

For example, you can hold something for someone, carry something for someone, buy something

例如，您可以幫某人抓住某件東西、幫某人拿某樣東西、

for someone, and so on.

幫某人買東西，等等。

Use ‘to’ when you’re talking about an end point in time or space.

在談論時間或空間終點時，請使用“to”。

In these cases, you often use ‘from… to…’

在這些事例中，您常用“from…to…”

For example ‘I’ll be here from Monday to Friday.’

例如，“I’ll be here from Monday to Friday.” /““週一到週五我會在這”。

‘The new road runs from the capital city to the south coast.’

"The new road runs from the capital city to the south coast.“ /“新的公路從首都延伸到南海岸。”

You can also use ‘to’ with verbs of giving, like in sentence four.

您也可以用“to”配授予動詞，如第四句。

However, with these verbs, it’s common to use a structure without ‘to’.

但是，有些動詞，通常不搭配“ to”用。

For example, with ‘give’, you can give someone something, or give something to someone.

例如，和“give”搭配用時，您可以給某人某物，或把某物給某人。

Both structures are possible, but the first is more common.

兩種結構都有可能，但第一種更常見。

So, you can say: ‘Give the bottle to me.’

所以，您可以說：“Give the bottle to me.”/“把瓶子給我。”

Or: ‘Give me the bottle.’

或者：“Give me the bottle.”/“給我瓶子。”

Both are possible, but the second is more common.

兩者都有可能，但第二種更常見。

These are some of the most common ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

這些是“ to”和“ for”的最常見用法。

Let’s move on to level two, where you’ll see another important use of these two prepositions.

我們進階到第二級，您將在這裡看到這兩個介詞的另一種重要用法。

Here are your sentences for level two.

您看下第二級的句子。

In each sentence, you need to choose ‘to’ or ‘for’.

在每個句子中，您需要選擇“to”或“for”。

Pause the video, and think about your answers.

暫停視頻，然後考慮您的答案。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

Here are the answers.

這裡是答案。

You can use ‘to’ and ‘for’ to give a reason for doing something, or to explain

您可以用“to”和“for”來說明做某事的原因，或進行解釋

the function of something.

某物的功能。

In sentences one and two, you’re talking about your reason for doing something.

在第一句話和第二句話中，您正在談論做某事的原因。

Why did you stop on the way home?

你為什麼在回家的路上停下來？

To get a coffee.

去喝咖啡。

Or, for a coffee.

或者，為了一杯咖啡。

Look at two more examples: ‘We need to go to the shop to buy some batteries.’

再看兩個例子：“We need to go to the shop to buy some batteries.” /“我們要去商店買一些電池。”

‘We need to go to the shop for some batteries.’

“We need to go to the shop for some batteries.” /“為了買一些電池，我們要去商店。”

Again, you’re talking about *why* you’re going to the shop.

再說一次，您是在談論為什麼要去商店。

In this case, you can use ‘to’ plus an infinitive verb, or ‘for’ plus a noun.

在這種情況下，可以使用“ to”加上不定式動詞，也可以使用“ for”加上名詞。

In sentences three and four, you’re talking about the function of something.

在第三和第四句中，您正在談論事物的功能。

What does this little metal thing do?

這個金屬小件做什麼用？

It’s used to open bottles, *or* for opening bottles.

用它來開瓶子，*或*開瓶子用的。

Look at two more examples like this: ‘She developed a tool to analyse data collected

再看兩個這樣的示例：“She developed a tool to analyse data collected at different times and places.“

at different times and places.’

“她開發了一種工具來分析在不同 時間和地點收集到的數據。”

‘She developed a tool for analysing data collected at different times and places.’

”She developed a tool for analysing data collected at different times and “為了分析在不同時間和地點收集的數據，她開發了一種工具。”

So, we’re talking about ‘reason’ and ‘function’.

因此，我們正在談論“reason”和“function”。

Are these ideas the same?

這些想法是一樣的嗎？

No – they’re different.

不，他們不同。

Let’s see how.

我們看看是怎樣的。

‘Reason’ tells you why someone does something.

“reason”告訴您為什麼有人做某事。

Here, you can use ‘to’ plus an infinitive or ‘for’ plus a noun.

在這裡，您可以使用“ to”加上不定式或“ for”加上名詞。

*Don’t* use ‘for’ plus an -ing verb.

*Don’t*使用'for'加上-ing動詞。

‘Function’ tells you what something is used for, for example a tool.

“Function”告訴您什麼東西用於什麼，例如工具。

Here, you can use three structures: ‘to’ plus infinitive verb, ‘for’ plus -ing

在這裡，您可以用三種結構：“ to”加上不定式動詞、“ for”加上-ing

or ‘for’ plus noun.

或“ for”加名詞。

If you’re not sure whether to use ‘to’ or ‘for’ in sentences like this, what

如果您不確定在這樣的句子中用“ to”還是“ for”，該怎麼辦？

can you do?

您可以做嗎？

If you’re not sure whether a sentence is about reason or function, then try to use

如果您不確定句子是關於原因還是功能，如果可以，

‘to’ plus infinitive if you can, because you can use this in both cases.

請嘗試用“to”加上不定式，因為這兩種情況都適用。

Review this section if you need to, and think more about the difference between reason and

如果需要，請複習本節，並考慮原因和功能

function.

之間的區別。

It’s a common mistake to use ‘for’ plus -ing when talking about reason, for example

在談論原因時，有一個用'for'加-ing動詞的常見錯誤，例如，

‘We stopped on the way home for getting a coffee.’

“We stopped on the way home for getting a coffee.” /“為了一杯咖啡，我們在回家的路上停了下來。”

Remember, this is not correct!

記住，這是不正確的！

But, it’s a common mistake.

但是，這是一個常見的錯誤。

Let’s move on to level three, where you’ll see more mistakes which English learners often

我們進階到第三級，在這裡您將看到更多英語學習者在用“to”

make with ‘to’ and ‘for’.

和“for”時經常犯的錯誤。

Level three is a little different.

第三級略有不同。

Four sentences are incorrect; only one is correct.

四個句子不正確；只有一個是正確的。

You have two jobs.

您要做兩件事。

First, find the correct sentence.

首先，找到正確的句子。

Second, correct the mistakes in the other four sentences.

其次，糾正其他四個句子中的錯誤。

Got it?

理解了嗎？

Pause the video, and find your answers.

暫停視頻，然後找到答案。

Take as long as you need!

隨便您花多少時間！

Could you do it?

你能做到嗎？

Which sentence do you think is correct?

您認為哪句話是正確的？

Let’s see.

我們來看看。

‘To’ and ‘for’ are used after many verbs, adjectives and nouns.

在許多動詞、形容詞和名詞之後用“ To”和“ for”。

Many of these are fixed phrases, meaning you just need to remember them as you learn.

其中許多是固定短語，這意味著您在學習時只需記住它們。

‘Good for your health’ is one expression like this.

“Good for your health”/“對您的健康有益”就是這樣的表達。

You can also say ‘good for you’, which has the same meaning, and is more natural-sounding,

您也可以說“good for you”/“對您好”，意思相同，聽起來更自然，

especially in conversational English.

特別是英文對話中。

So, you could say ‘Jogging two or three times a week is good for you.’

因此，您可以說“Jogging two or three times a week is good for you.”/“每週慢跑2至3次對您有益”。

There are some verbs like ‘phone’, ‘call’, ‘ask’ or ‘answer’ which are used with

許多其他語言中，有些像是“ phone”、“ call”、“ ask”或“ answer”

‘to’ or a similar idea in many other languages, but not in English.

的動詞與“to”搭配用，或類似這樣的，但英文沒有。

Is this true for your language?

您的母語也是這樣嗎？

Do you say ‘phone to someone’ or ‘phone someone?’

您是說“phone to someone” 還是"phone someone?"？

If in your language, you say ‘phone to someone’, you need to be careful with mistakes like

如果您用母語說“phone to someone”，則需要注意

in sentence two!

類似在句二中的錯誤！

In English, you phone *someone*, call *someone*, ask *someone* and answer *someone*, without

您用英文phone“某人”、call“某人”、ask“某人” 並answer“某人”，

‘to’.

不需要加'to'。

What about sentence three?

那句三呢？

You heard about this in level two.

您在第二級聽過。

This sentence expresses reason – why did you go to the post office?

這句話表達了原因–您為什麼去郵局？

To express reason, don’t use ‘for’ plus an -ing verb.

如果是為了表達原因，請不要用“ for”加-ing動詞。

Here, because there’s a verb – ‘send’ – you need to use ‘to’ plus an infinitive

在這裡，因為有一個動詞–'send'-您要用'to'加上

verb.

動詞不定式。

Sentence four has the same problem.

句四有相同的問題。

You’re talking about reason – why are you taking a break? – and there’s a verb

您在談論原因–您為什麼要休息？ – 還有一個動詞

– ‘eat’.

- 'eat'。

So, you can only use ‘to’ plus infinitive.

因此，您只能用'to'加不定式。

Sentence five is correct.

句五是正確的。

Do you find it strange?

你覺得奇怪嗎？

Normally, you use ‘to’ to talk about the destination, or end point of a journey.

通常，您用“to”來談論目的地或旅程的終點。

However, with verbs like ‘leave’, ‘depart’ or ‘set out’, you use ‘for’ instead.

但是，與“leave”、“depart”或“set out”等 動詞搭配，您要改用“ for”。

Remember: there’s a lot of information and different topics in this lesson.

請記住：本課中有很多信息和不同主題。

If you want more examples, go to a good online dictionary; we recommend Lexico, which you

如果您要了解更多例子，要看好的線上詞典。我們建議您用Lexico。

can find at www dot lexico dot com.

您可以在www dot lexico dot com上找到。

Look up ‘to’ or ‘for’ and you can find many examples of the different ways to

搜尋“to”或“for”，您可以找到這兩個介詞不同

use these two prepositions.

用法的很多例子。

This time, there are two gaps in each sentence.

這次，每個句子中都有兩個空格。

Put either ‘to’ or ‘for’ in each gap.

在每個空格中放入“to”或“for”。

Do you have the answers?

你有答案嗎？

No?

沒有？

Pause the video and think about your answers!

暫停視頻並考慮您的答案！

Don’t just wait for us to tell you!

不要只想著等我們告訴您！

Ready now?

好了？

OK, here are the answers.

好的，這是答案。

With some verbs, nouns and adjectives, it’s possible to use *either* ‘to’ or ‘for’

可以用* to *或'for'搭配某些動詞、名詞和形容詞，

to express different ideas.

來表達不同的想法。

This means you can sometimes use *both* ‘to’ and ‘for’ after a verb, such as ‘wait’.

這意味著您有時可以在動詞之後同時使用“ to”和“ for”，例如“ wait”。

You can wait for something, wait for someone, or wait to do something.

您可以等待某事、等待某人或等待做某事。

If you combine these, you can also wait *for* something *to* happen, or wait *for* someone

如果將這些結合起來，還可以等待某事發生、或等待某人

*to* do something.

做某事。

While it’s possible to use both ‘to’ and ‘for’ here, and with other words too,

在此處可以同時用“ to”和“ for”，也可以使用其他字詞，

the order is not flexible.

順序是固定的。

You wait *for* someone *to do* something.

您等待*for*某人*to do*某事。

You can’t put the ‘to’ phrase before the ‘for’ phrase.

您不能在“ for”短語之前放置“ to”短語。

In sentence two, you *could* change the order of the ‘to’ and ‘for’ phrases, but

在句二中，您可以更改“ to”和“ for”短語的順序，但是

in the other four sentences, you can’t.

在另外四個句子中，您不可以。

In such cases, you need to learn the exact patterns which can follow each verb, noun

在這種情況下，您要學習可以搭配每個動詞、名詞或形容詞的準確短語結構：

or adjective: for example ‘apologise to someone’, ‘apologise for something’

例如“apologise to someone”、 “apologise for something”

and ‘apologise to someone for something’.

以及“apologise to someone for something”。

This is more of a vocabulary problem than a grammar one.

這不是語法問題，而更偏向是一個詞彙問題。

If you have problems with this, then learning grammar rules isn’t the best solution.

如果您對此有疑問，那麼學習語法規則不是最佳解決方案。

Learn and practise specific phrases, and try to use them in natural speech or writing,

學習和練習特定的短語，並嘗試將其用於自然語言或寫作中，

like you would with other new vocabulary.

就像您在母語中用其他的新詞彙一樣。

Are you ready for the toughest challenge?

您準備好迎接最艱鉅的挑戰了嗎？

Let’s see the sentences Each sentence has three spaces.

我們看一下這些句子。每個句子都有三個空格。

In each space, you can put ‘to’, ‘for’ or nothing.

在每個空格中，您都可以填“ to”、“ for”或不填任何內容。

You should put ‘to’ or ‘for’ if possible.

如果可能的話，您應該填“ to”或“ for”。

Pause the video and think about your answers now.

暫停視頻，現在考慮您的答案。

We tried to make these sentences as challenging as we could, so take your time!

我們試著盡可能地讓這些句子更具有挑戰性，請花點時間！

Ready?

準備好了？

Let’s look together.

我們來看看。

In this lesson, you’ve seen different ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

在本課程中，您已經看到了“ to”和“ for”的不同用法。

There are other meanings of ‘to’ and ‘for’ which we haven’t covered.

我們還沒有涉及到“to”和“fpr”的其他含義。

Here’s a test: can you remember three different ways to use ‘to’ and three different ways

這是一個測試：您能記住“ to”的三種不同用法以及“for”

to use ‘for’?

三種不同用法嗎？

Pause the video for a few seconds and think about it.

暫停視頻幾秒鐘，然後考慮一下。

Could you do it?

您能做到嗎？

If not, don’t worry.

如果不行，請不要擔心。

You don’t need to memorise every single way to use ‘to’ and ‘for’.

您不必記住“ to”和“ for”的所有用法。

However, you should understand that if you’re asking questions like ‘how do I use ‘to’

但是，您應該了解，如果您要問“我如何使用to和for?”這樣的問題,

and ‘for’’? or ‘what’s the difference between ‘to’ and ‘for’’? then you’re

或“to和for之間的區別是什麼？"那您不是

not asking one question.

在問一個問題。

There are many ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’, and many differences between them.

“ to”和“ for”有很多種用法，它們之間有很多差異。

In level five, you needed to combine different uses of ‘to’ and ‘for’ in a single

在第五級中，您要將“ to”和“ for”的不同用法

sentence.

組合到一個句子中。

This is common in real-world English use; you may need to use ‘to’ and/or ‘for’

這在現實世界的英文用法中很常見；您可能要在同一句話中以

in different ways in the same sentence.

不同的方式使用“to”和/或“for”。

This is where things get complicated.

這就是事情變得複雜的地方。

So, what can you do?

所以，您可以做什麼？

Here are two tips.

這有兩個提示。

One: learn about using ‘to’ and ‘for’ to talk about purpose and function, which

一：學習用“ to”和“ for”來談論目的和功能，

we covered in levels two and three.

我們在第二和第三級的課中已經涵蓋了這部分。

This causes the most problems for English learners.

這給英語學習者帶來了最多的問題。

Two: if you find it difficult to use ‘to’ and ‘for’, try to find the reason why.

二：如果用“ to”和“ for”很難，請嘗試找出原因。

Which meaning of ‘to’ or ‘for’ is giving you problems?

“to”或“for”中哪個的含義給您帶來麻煩？

Do you just need to learn more fixed phrases using ‘to’ and ‘for’?

您是不是要學更多的用“ to”和“ for”的固定短語？

Are you having problems because you’re trying to translate a structure from your language

您自己是否也有問題，因為您正在試著 把一個結構從您的母語

directly into English?

直接翻譯成英文？

Remember that English might use different structures to your native language.

請記住，英文的結構可能與您的母語不同。

Before we finish, a question: what difficulties do you have with ‘to’ and ‘for’?

在我們結束之前，有一個問題：您在“to”和“for”上有什麼困難嗎？

Can you think of any other common ways to use ‘to’ and ‘for’ that we haven’t

您能想到用任何我們在這個影片中沒有提及的其他常見用法

mentioned in this video?

來用“ to”和“ for”嗎？

That’s it.

就這樣。

Thanks for watching!

感謝收看！

See you next time!

下次見！