English Spelling Rules - Learn Spelling Rules and Common Mistakes

英语词汇 - 拼写规则

Hi, I’m Maria.

嗨，我是Maria。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about English spelling rules, and see some of the most common

在本节课中，您会学到英语拼写规则， 看到一些英语学习者犯的

spelling mistakes that English learners make.

最常见的拼写错误。

English spelling is famously illogical.

英语拼写是出了名地不合逻辑。

Even native speakers commonly misspell words.

甚至是母语人士常常拼错单词。

Interestingly, ‘misspell’ is a word which is often misspelled!

有意思的事，“misspell”是一个 常拼错的单词。

In this lesson, you’ll see four of the most useful rules that can help you to improve

在本节课中，您会看到四个最有用的 能帮您提高拼写能力

your English spelling and avoid spelling mistakes.

和防止拼写错误的规则。

You’ll also get to test your spelling skills on several of the most common spelling mistakes

您也会在几个最常见的英语 拼写错误上受

in English.

英语拼写测试。

Let’s start with our first rule.

让我们从第一个规则开始。

Look at five words.

看五个单词。

Which are spelled correctly, and which have mistakes?

哪些是拼写正确的， 哪些是错误的？

There are two mistakes.

有两个错的。

Beginner should have two n's

“Beginner”必须有两个“n”，

and offering should have one r.

”offering“必须是只有一个“r”。

Here’s a question: why do you need to double the n in planning or beginning, but not the r

这有一个问题：为什么您必须在 "planning"或“beginning”双写“n”，

in offering?

但在“offering”不双写"r"？

Why does sitting have a double t, but deciding just has one d?

为什么"sitting"要双写"t"， 但是“deciding”只有一个“d”？

Spelling mistakes with double consonants are common, but you can avoid them if you remember

双写辅音的拼写错误是常见的， 但是如果您记住规则，

the rule.

您可以避免它。

Here it is:

这是：

If a word ends with a short vowel sound plus a consonant, and the stress is on the last

如果一个单词用一个短元音加一个辅音结尾， 重音是在最后一个音节

syllable, then the final consonant is doubled if you add an ending which starts with a vowel.

如果您添加一个元音开头的结尾， 那么，最后一个辅音是双写的。

That sounds complicated, although it’s simpler than it looks.

那听上去复杂，然后它比 看上去要简单。

Let’s do some examples to make it clearer.

让我们做一些例子来让它更清楚。

First of all, this rule applies to all one-syllable words which end with a short vowel plus a

首先，这个规则适用于所有以 一个短元音加一个辅音

consonant.

结尾的单音节单词。

For example,

例如，

hot -> hotter jar -> jarring

hot -> hotter jar -> jarring

sad -> saddest cut -> cutting

sad -> saddest cut -> cutting

win -> winner

win -> winner

Because of the way English spelling connects to English pronunciation, you can think of

因为英语拼写的方式连接到英语 发音，您能像这样考虑：

it like this: if a word has one syllable, and it ends with one vowel and one consonant,

如果一个单词有一个音节， 并以一个元音和一个辅音结尾，

then you need to double the final consonant.

那么您需要去双写最后的辅音。

But, this depends on sounds, not spelling.

但是这取决于声音，而非拼写。

So, if the final consonant is w or y, don’t double it:

所以，如果最后一个辅音 是w或y，不要双写。

draw -> drawing grey -> greyer

draw -> drawing grey -> greyer

Can you work out why this is?

您能弄清楚这是为什么吗？

It’s because the words are written with a consonant, but the sound isn’t pronounced

那是因为单词是用一个辅音 来写，但是声音不是作为

as a consonant.

辅音来发音。

If a word ends with two consonants, or with a consonant plus vowel, then don’t double

如果一个单词以两个辅音结尾， 或是一个辅音加一个元音，

any consonants:

那么不要双写任何辅音。

think -> thinking write -> writer

think -> thinking write -> writer

If a word has two or more syllables, then you also need to think about the stress.

如果一个单词有两个或更多的音节，那么 您也要去考虑重音。

If the stress is on the last syllable, and the word ends with a short vowel plus a consonant,

如果重音是在最后一个音节，单词以 一个短元音加一个辅音结尾，

then you need to double the final consonant; for example:

那么您需要双写最后的辅音； 例如：

occur -> occurring commit -> committee

occur -> occurring commit -> committee

forget -> forgetting

forget -> forgetting

However, if the stress is not on the last syllable, you don’t double the final consonant;

然而，如果重音不在最后一个音节， 您不用双写最后的辅音；

for example:

例如：

happen -> happening discover -> discoverer

happen -> happening discover -> discoverer

water -> watery

water -> watery

Remember that for all these words, the rule only applies if the word ends in a short vowel

记住对于所有的单词，如果单词以 一个短元音加一个辅音结尾，

plus one consonant.

规则才适用。

This is true if you’re talking about words with one, two, three or however many syllables.

如果您谈论单词有一个、两个、三个 或更多的音节，这是适用的。

Let’s do a quick test.

让我们做一个快速测验。

You’re going to hear a sentence.

您会听到一个句子。

Pause the video and write down the sentence.

暂停视屏并写下句子。

You’ll hear it twice.

您会听到两次。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

The cooking committee happened to notice that his soup was tastier than last year, but also

The cooking committee happened to notice that his soup was tastier than last year, but also

more watery.

more watery.

Listen once more: the cooking committee happened to notice that his soup was tastier than last

多听一遍： the cooking committee happened to notice that his soup was tastier than last

year, but also more watery.

year, but also more watery.

Could you write down the sentence?

您能写下句子吗？

Let’s check: Did you get everything right?

让我们看下： 您都写对了吗？

No spelling mistakes?

没有拼写错误？

If so, that’s great!

如果是这样，那么很棒！

Let’s move on to our next rule.

让我们看下一个规则。

You're going to see four spelling mistakes.

您会看到四个拼写错误。

Can you correct them?

您可以更正它们吗？

The mistakes are all connected with i-e versus e-i

所有错误都是与 i-e和e-i有关。

There’s a well-known rule here: “i before e except after c.”

这有一个著名的规则： “i before e except after c.”

That means that in most cases, i goes before e:

那意思是在大部分的 事例里，i在e的前面：

piece field

piece field

achieve

achieve

After the letter c, put e before i:

在字母c之后，在i前面放e：

receipt ceiling

receipt ceiling

conceive

conceive

But, there are exceptions.

但是有一些例外。

One of the exceptions has its own rule: e goes before i to make an /eɪ/ sound.

例外中的一个有它自己的规则： e放在i前面来造一个/eɪ/音。

For example:

例如：

neighbour weigh

neighbour weigh

eight

eight

Other exceptions are true exceptions; they don’t follow any rule and you need to remember

其他的例外是真正的例外； 他们不追随任何规则，

them.

您要记住它们。

Here are some of the most common exceptions to this rule:

这有一些这一规则最常见的例外：

height leisure

height leisure

weird caffeine

weird caffeine

species ancient

species ancient

Let’s test your skills!

我们来考一下您的技能！

You’re going to hear another sentence.

您会听到另一个句子。

Again, try to write the sentence down.

再次，试着写下句子。

You’ll hear it twice.

您会听到两次。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Here’s the answer:

这是回答:

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Her weird neighbour weighed out eight pieces of ancient caffeine.

Did you get everything right?

您都做对了吗？

No spelling mistakes?

没有拼写错误？

If so, well done!

如果这样，做得很好！

If you made some mistakes, you can easily go back and review this section, and then

如果您犯了一些错误，您随时 可以回头复习这个单元，

try again.

然后再试一次。

Let’s look at our next rule

让我们看看下个规则。

Here are five nouns.

这有五个名词。

What are the plurals, and how would you spell them?

什么是复数， 您怎样拼写它们？

Do you know?

您知道吗？

Here are the answers.

这是回答吗？

You can see that sometimes, you need to write plurals with es.

您有时能看到，您需要 用es来写复数。

But, when do you add -es to make a plural, instead of just -s?

但是，什么时候您加-es来造 复数，取代-s？

It depends on the last letter of the word.

那取决于单词的最后一个字母。

If a word ends in -s, -ss, -z, -ch, -sh, or -x, then you make the plural by adding -es.

如果一个单词以 -s、-ss、-z、-ch、-sh或是-x结尾， 那么您用加-es方式来造复数。

For example:

例如：

glasses buses

glasses buses

quizzes beaches

quizzes beaches

dishes boxes

dishes boxes

Okay, but what about tomatoes?

好，但是那tomatoes是怎样呢？

That has a plural with -es, but it doesn’t fit the rule you just saw.

那有一个以-es的复数形式，但是 不适用您刚看到的规则。

There’s one more rule: if a word ends in a consonant plus -o, then the plural is written

有多一个规则：如果一个单词以 辅音结尾加-o,那么

with -es.

复数写成-es。

For example:

例如：

potatoes heroes

potatoes heroes

mosquitoes

mosquitoes

However, if a word ends with a vowel plus -o, then the plural is written only with -s,

然而，如果一个单词以一个元音加-o 结尾，那么复数只写成-s。

like this:

像是这个：

videos radios

videos radios

All of these rules also apply when you add -s to a verb.

当您给动词加-s时，所有这些 规则也适用。

As usual, there are some exceptions, although most of them are uncommon words.

像往常一样，有一些例外， 尽管大多数不是常见的单词。

The most common exceptions to this rule are logos and pianos.

这个规则最常见的例外是 logos和pianos。

Let’s do a quick test!

让们做个快速测验！

Here are five words.

这有五个单词。

How do you spell the plural?

您怎样拼写它们的复数？

Pause the video and write down your answers.

暂停视屏并写下您的答案。

Ready?

好了吗？

Here are the answers.

这是答案。

Next, let’s look at one more useful rule to improve your English spelling.

接下来，让我们再看一个对提高您的 英语拼写有用的规则。

Listen to five words, and try to write them down.

听五个单词，并试着写下他们。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Truly, changeable, surprising, measurable, advancing.

Truly, changeable, surprising, measurable, advancing.

Listen one more time: truly, changeable, surprising, measurable, advancing.

再听一次： truly、changeable、surprising、 measurable、advancing.

Here are the words; did you spell them all correctly?

这是那些单词，您有全部 正确地拼写他们吗？

This rule is about adding a suffix to a root word which ends with -e.

这个规则是关于给一个以-e结尾的 词根添加一个后缀。

For example, true ends with -e.

例如，true以-e结尾。

When you add the suffix -ly, the -e disappears.

当您添加后缀-ly，-e消失了。

Change also ends with -e, but when you add the suffix -able¬, the -e doesn’t disappear.

Change也以e结尾，但是当您加一个 后缀-able，-e没有消失。

Do you know why this is?

您知道这是为什么吗？

Whether the -e disappears or not depends on two things: the spelling of the root word,

-e是否消失取决于两件事： 词根的拼写，

and the suffix you are adding.

以及您添加的后缀。

Firstly, the -e can only disappear if you add a suffix which starts with a vowel, like

首先，如果您添加一个元音开头 的后缀，像是-able、-ible、

-able, -ible, -ing, -ity or -ed.

-ing、-ity或-ed，-e才消失。

For example:

例如：

achievable taking

achievable taking

activity

activity

However, if a word ends with -ue, then you can sometimes drop the -e, even if the suffix

然而，如果一个单词以-ue结尾， 如果后缀以一个辅音开始，

begins with a consonant.

那么您有时能抽掉-e。

For example:

例如：

truly argument

truly argument

Even when you’re using a suffix which starts with a vowel, you don’t always drop the

当您在使用一个以元音 开头的后缀时，您

-e.

不一定都要抽掉e。

If the word ends -ce and the ending has an /s/ sound, or if a word ends -ge and the ending

如果单词以-ce结尾，并结尾有一个 /s/音，或者如果一个单词以

has a /dʒ/ sound, then you might need to keep the -e in order to keep the pronunciation

-ge结尾，且结尾有一个/dʒ/音， 那么您或许需要保留-e，

the same.

以便保持发音相同。

For example:

例如：

manageable encouragement

manageable encouragement

graceful unpronounceable

graceful unpronounceable

As always, these rules have exceptions.

同样，这些规则有例外。

Even if a word ends -ce or -ge, you still drop the -e when you add an -ing suffix.

单词以-ce或-ge结尾， 您仍会在添加-ing后缀时删除-e。

One important exception is the word ageing, which can be spelled both ways: with an -e

一个重要的例外是单词ageing， 它能用两种方式拼写：有 -e

(in British English) or without (in American English).

（英国英语）或没有（美国英语）。

Also, you don’t drop the -e if this would change the pronunciation.

如果这会改变发音， 您也不抽掉-e。

For example, the word agree needs to keep two -e’s in order to keep its pronunciation:

例如，为了保持发音，单词agree 需要保持两个 -e：

agreeing agreement

agreeing agreement

agreeable

agreeable

Let’s do a quick test to see how well you can use these rules!

我们做一个快速测验来看看您可以 怎样使用好这些规则！

Listen to five more words.

听五个以上的单词。

Write them down carefully.

小心地写下它们。

You’ll hear the words twice.

您会听到单词两次。

Valuable, interchangeable, faking, seeing, activity.

Valuable, interchangeable, faking, seeing, activity.

Valuable, interchangeable, faking, seeing, activity.

Valuable, interchangeable, faking, seeing, activity.

Here are the answers.

这是答案。

How did you do?

您怎样做的？

Finally let’s look at some words which are very commonly misspelled, even by native English

最后，让我们看一些很常见， 甚至是被英语母语人士

speakers.

错拼的单词。

Look at four words.

看四个单词。

They all have spelling mistakes; can you correct them?

它们全部都有拼写错误； 您可以改正它们吗？

Here are the four words; did you get them all right?

这有四个单词，您都答对了吗？

What makes these words difficult to spell?

什么让这些单词很难去拼写？

In words like accommodation, it’s difficult to know where to put double letters.

对于单词像是accommodation， 要知道哪里双写字母是困难的。

What other words are like this?

什么其他的单词像这个？

How about committee.

committee呢？

How many -m’s?

多少 -m’s？

How many -t’s?

多少 -t’s？

What about embarrassed, millennium, possession, correspondence, or harassment?

那embarrassed、millennium、possession、 correspondenc或harassment？

These are difficult because they aren’t very consistent.

这些是难的，因为他们不是十分一致的。

Why does embarrass have two -r’s, but harass only has one?

为什么embarrass有两个-r’s,，但是harass 只有一个？

It’s not logical; you have to remember them.

那是没逻辑的，您必须记住它们。

In words like conscious or guarantee, the relationship between the spelling and the

在单词像是conscious或guarantee， 按英语标准来说，

pronunciation is strange, even by English standards.

拼写和发音是奇怪的。

It’s rare that the letters ‘sci’ make a /ʃ/ sound.

字母“sci”发一个/ʃ/的音是很奇怪的。

There are many words with the letters ‘sci’, but normally, these letters make a /saɪ/

有很多单词带“sci”， 但正常来说，这些字母发一个/saɪ/

sound—like science—or a /sɪ/ sound—like discipline.

音—像是science—或一个/sɪ/音— 像是discipline。

It’s similar with guarantee.

那是与guarantee一样的。

Normally, the /g/ sound is produced by the letters ‘ge’ or ‘gi’.

正常来说，字母“ge”或“gi”发/g/音。

There’s only one other word family where ‘gua’ makes a /g/ sound.

仅有一个其他的词族“gua”发一个/g/ 音。

Do you know which?

您知道哪一个？

The word guard, and words made from it, like guardian, are the only other words which behave

单词guard和由它组成的单词，像是 guardian，是仅有的像

like this.

这样的单词。

Again, these spellings are not consistent, and you need to remember them as exceptions.

咋此次，这些拼写不是一致的， 您要把它们当做例外并记住。

Finally, what’s the problem with independent?

最后，independent有什么问题呢？

This is difficult because there are two endings which have the same pronunciation: A-N-C-E

这个很难，因为有两个有相同 发音的结尾： A-N-C-E

and E-N-C-E.

和E-N-C-E。

So, you have audience with an ‘e’, but ambulance with an ‘a’; competence with

所以，您看到audience带“e”，但是 ambulance带“a”，competence带

‘e’, but clearance with ‘a’, interference with ‘e’, but importance with ‘a’.

“e”，但clearance带“a”，interference 带“e”，但是importance带“a”。

You can’t hear the difference between these two endings.

您听不出这些结尾的区别。

Again, you have to remember the spellings.

同样，您必须记住这些拼写。

However, it’s not all bad news: there is some logic here.

然而，不全都是坏消息： 这有一些逻辑。

Important is written with an ‘a’, so the noun importance keeps the same spelling.

Important带“a”，所以名词形式 importance保留相同的拼写。

Interfere ends with an ‘e’, so again the noun keeps the same spelling.

Interfere以“e”结尾，所以名词形式也 保留相同的拼写。

Now, we want to ask you something: which words in English do you find most difficult to spell?

现在，我们想问您某些事：您觉得 英语里的哪些单词是最难拼写的？

Let us know in the comments!

请留下评论，让我们知道。

Check out our website for more free English lessons: Oxford Online English dot com.

更多的免费课程，请参观我们的网站： Oxford Online English dot com。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！