IELTS Reading Exam - True/False/Not Given and Yes/No/Not Given Questions

雅思考试 - 阅读 TFNG 真的/假的/未给出的

Hi!

嗨！

I’m Martin.

我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to complete true/false/not given, and yes/no/not

在本节课里，您要学习在雅思阅读 考试里怎么完成真/假/未给出、

given questions in the IELTS reading exam.

以及是/否/没有给出的问题。

But what is the difference between these two types of question?

但是，这两种类型的问题 之间的区别是什么？

True/false/not given questions ask you about facts.

真/假/没给出的问题询问 您有关事实。

Yes/no/not given questions can include facts or the writer’s opinion.

是/否/没给出的问题可以包括 事实或是作者的观点。

However, you can think about these two kinds of question in exactly the same way.

然而，您可以用完全相同的方式来 考虑着两种类型的问题。

But, please check what type of question you’re answering.

但是，请检查您正在回答 什么类型的问题。

If you write the answer ‘yes’ in a ‘true, false, not given’ question, the answer is

如果您写回答“yes”在一个“true, false, not given”问题里，

obviously not correct.

答案显然是不正确的。

This is mistake is easier to make than you might imagine.

这是一个比您想像的 还要容易犯的错误。

Let’s have a look at some techniques you can use to answer true/false/not given questions

我们来看一些您可以用在雅思 阅读考试里回答

in your IELTS reading exam.

真/假/没给出的问题的技巧。

Part One: how to find the relevant part of the text.

第一部分：怎么找到文本的相关部分。

Before you can answer the question, you need to find the right part of the text.

在您能回答问题之前，您需要找到 文本的正确部分。

First, remember that the questions follow the text.

首先，记住跟随在文本后的问题。

That means that for the first question, you should start looking near the beginning of

那意思是第一个问题，您要开始看文本

the text.

开头附近。

Now, let’s do an example.

现在，我们做一个例子。

Imagine that you see this question:

想像您看这个问题：

"Zander cannot live in salt water."

"Zander cannot live in salt water."

Probably, your first thought is, “What’s a zander?”

有可能，您首先考虑的是， “What’s a zander?”

Perfectly reasonable.

很合理。

I had to look it up, too!

我也要查找一下！

However, you know that the zander is something which can (or can’t) live in salt water.

然而，您知道梭鲈是某种可以 （或不可以）生活在咸水里的东西。

What lives in water?

什么生活在水里？

Many things, but we know the zander must be some kind of animal or plant which lives in

很多东西，但是我们知道zander 必须是某种生活在

water.

水里的动物或植物。

So, look for words in the text related to fish or sea life.

所以，找文本里与鱼或海洋 生命有关的单词。

You can also look for the word 'zander', obviously.

显然，您也能找单词“zander”。

Also, the question mentions salt water.

问题也提及了咸水。

Where do you find salt water?

您在哪里找到咸水？

In the sea, right?

在海洋里，对吗？

So, look for words like sea, ocean etc.

那么，找单词像是海洋、大洋等等。

What’s the opposite of salt water?

咸水的反义词是什么？

It’s fresh water.

那是淡水。

Where do you find fresh water?

您在哪里找到淡水？

Mostly in rivers and lakes.

大部分在河流与湖泊里。

If the answer is ‘true’, and zander cannot live in salt water, then they must live in

如果答案是“true”，那么梭鲈鱼不能生活 在咸水里，那么他们必然生活在

fresh water.

淡水里。

This means you should also look for references to fresh water in the text, so look for words

这意味着您也要在文本里找 淡水的参照，所以找单词

like river or lake.

像是河流或湖泊。

Let’s do one more example.

我们再做一个例子。

You see this question:

您看这个问题：

"Before 1900, there were no zander in the UK."

"Before 1900, there were no zander in the UK."

What should you look for in the text?

您要在文本里找什么？

Look for dates or time references.

找日期和时间参考。

The question mentions 1900, so you could look for time expressions like 19th century, 20th

问题提及1900，所以您可以找 像是19世纪、20世纪、

century, turn of the century, and so on.

世纪之交等的时间表达。

You could also look for references to the UK or parts of the UK.

您也找英国或英国的 某个地区的参照。

This means you should look for words like Britain, England, Scotland, etc.

这意味着您要找像是不列颠、 英格兰、苏格兰等的单词。

Use these techniques to find the section in the text which will let you answer the question.

使用这些技巧来找会让您回答 问题的文本里的单元。

Okay, so now you’ve found the relevant part of the text.

好，所以现在您找到了 文本的相关部分。

What next?

接下来呢？

Part two: finding key ideas in the text.

第二部分：找在文本里的关键想法。

Take a look at this extract from a text.

看一下这个文本摘录。

"The zander is a type of fish, thought originally to be from Western Europe.

"The zander is a type of fish, thought originally to be from Western Europe.

Zander were introduced into the UK in the late 20th century, and now can be found in

Zander were introduced into the UK in the late 20th century, and now can be found in

many rivers and freshwater lakes around the UK.

many rivers and freshwater lakes around the UK.

Scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species since their introduction."

Scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species since their introduction."

Pause the video if you want extra time to read it.

如果您需要额外的时间 阅读它，暂停视屏。

What should you focus on here?

在这里您要关注什么？

Here are a few things to look for and think about:

这里有几件事情要看并考虑的：

First, look for time and date references.

首先，找时间和日期参照。

The statement says 'late 20th century'.

陈述说“late 20th century”。

What does that mean?

那意思是什么？

1990?

1990？

Is 2000 late 20th century?

2000年是20世纪末吗？

When does late start?

迟到什么时候开始？

Is 1970 late 20th century?

1970年是20世纪末吗？

Secondly, look for expressions of quantity like 'all', 'many', 'some', 'most', and so

其次，找像是“all”、“many”、 “some”、“most"等等的

on.

数量表达。

Here, the text says 'many rivers and freshwater lakes'.

在这里，文本说”many rivers and freshwater lakes“。

Does that mean all zander live in rivers?

那意思是所有鲈梭鱼生活在河流里？

Does it tell you whether zander are more common in rivers or lakes?

那告诉您梭鲈鱼是在河流 里更常见，还是湖泊里？

Thirdly, look for specific details and facts.

再次，找特定的细节和事实。

What do you know for sure after reading this text?

读完这个文本之后， 您确定您知道什么？

You know that the zander is a fish, and that there weren’t any zander in the UK before

您知道梭鲈鱼是一种鱼，在 1950年以前，英国没有

1950 (because they were introduced).

任何梭鲈鱼（因为它们是被引进的）。

You know that zander live in rivers and freshwater lakes in the UK.

您知道梭鲈鱼生活在英国 的河流和淡水湖里。

Those are the only facts in the text, so they're the only things you can be sure about.

这些是文本里唯一的事实，因此 它们是您唯一可以确定的事情。

To do well with IELTS true/false/not given questions, you need to separate fact from

要做好雅思真/假/没给出 的问题，您要从猜测里

speculation.

分离出事实。

Finally, look for expressions of uncertainty.

最后，找出不确定的表达。

This is the opposite of the point we just mentioned.

这是我们刚刚提及 要点的相反面。

Look for modal verbs like 'could', 'might' or 'must'.

找情态动词像是“could”、 “might”或“must”。

Look for expressions which indicate uncertainty, for example 'it is thought that…' or 'many

找指明不确定的表达，例如， “it is thought that…”或“many

experts believe that…'

experts believe that…”

For example, the text says that zander are thought to be from Western Europe.

例如，文本说梭鲈鱼被 认为是来自西欧。

Does that mean they are definitely from Western Europe, or is it uncertain?

那意味着它们肯定来自西欧吗？ 还是那还是不确定的？

The text says that scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species.

文本说科学家们声称梭鲈鱼对 很多英国本土鱼种有害。

From this, can you say for sure that zander have damaged English wildlife?

从这里，您可以说确信梭鲈鱼对 英国野生环境有害吗？

Of course, the exact points you consider depend on the question you’re trying to answer.

当然，您考虑的确切点取决于 您要回答的问题。

However, it’s good practice to think about these different things when you’re preparing

然而，当您在准备雅思阅读 考试时，那是来考虑

for your IELTS reading test.

这些不同事情的好练习。

To get a high score, you need really good attention to detail.

要得到高评分，您需要真正地 注意好细节。

Part three: how to answer true/false/not given questions.

第三部分：怎么回答 真/假/没给出的问题。

Let’s do a few questions together to practise.

我们一起来做几个问题练习一下。

First I’m going to give you the statement which you need to read, then I’ll give you

首先，我要给您要阅读的 陈述，然后我会给您

the part of the text where you would find the answer.

会找到答案的文本部分。

All you have to do is decide if the statement is true, false, or not given.

您要做的全部就是决定陈述是 真的、假的，或没有给出。

Here’s your first statement.

这里是您的第一个陈述。

Read it and think about what you could be looking for.

阅读它，并考虑您 可以找到什么。

"Bananas became popular as soon as they were brought to Europe."

"Bananas became popular as soon as they were brought to Europe."

Here is the text:

这里是文本：

"After their introduction to Europe bananas were an immediate sensation and became a staple

"After their introduction to Europe bananas were an immediate sensation and became a staple

in many people’s diets."

in many people’s diets."

So, what do you think?

那么，您觉得呢？

Is the statement true, false or not given?

陈述是真的、假的或没有给出？

It’s true.

那是真的。

The text says 'immediate sensation' and the statement says that 'bananas were popular

文本说“immediate sensation”，以及文本 说“bananas were popular

as soon as they were brought to Europe'.

as soon as they were brought to Europe”。

These are exactly the same thing.

那是完全相同的事情。

Even if you don’t know the exact meaning of 'sensation' or 'staple', you could still

即使您不知道“sensation”或“staple”的准确意思， 您仍然可以

could still make a good guess based on:

基于下列事情做一个好的猜测：

1.

1.

The link between 'as soon as' and 'immediate'. 2.

“as soon as”和“immediate”之间的连接。

2.

'Many people’s diets'.

“Many people’s diets”。

Even if you don’t know what 'staple' means, you can hopefully work out that many people

即使您不知道“staple”意思是什么， 您能有希望找出

were eating bananas.

很多人吃过香蕉。

That allows you to say that bananas were popular.

那允许您说香蕉是普遍的。

Let’s do one more.

我们来再做一个。

Here’s the statement:

这里是陈述：

"Capsaicin can irreversibly damage the mouth."

"Capsaicin can irreversibly damage the mouth."

And here’s the relevant sentence from the text.

这里是与文本相关的句子。

"Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, causes temporary irritation of the cells in the mouth."

"Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, causes temporary irritation of the cells in the mouth."

Do you know what capsaicin is?

您知道什么是辣椒素吗？

Does it matter?

麻烦吗？

Not really.

不完全是。

Even if you have no idea what capsaicin is, you can still be sure that this one is false.

即使您不知道辣椒素是什么， 您仍然可以确信这个是假的。

How can you be sure?

您怎么能确定呢？

If something is irreversibly damaged, then it’s permanent; the text says it is only

如果某些事情受到不可逆转的 损害；那么那是永久的；

temporary irritation.

文本说那仅是暂时的刺激。

Therefore, it has to be false.

所以，那肯定是假的。

Let’s do another one.

我们做另一个。

Here’s the statement:

这里是陈述：

"Bananas can be part of a parrot's diet.

"Bananas can be part of a parrot's diet.

"

"

And here’s the text:

这里是文本：

"Parrots must compete with larger animals, such as monkeys, for the available food, and

"Parrots must compete with larger animals, such as monkeys, for the available food, and

especially fruit.

especially fruit.

Larger fruits, such as bananas, are mostly consumed by monkeys, who can reach them easily

Larger fruits, such as bananas, are mostly consumed by monkeys, who can reach them easily

by climbing."

by climbing."

What do you think?

您怎么想？

The text doesn’t say that parrots eat bananas, but the statement includes the word 'can'.

文本没说鹦鹉吃香蕉，但是 陈述包括了单词“can”。

Is there anything in the text which tells us that it’s possible for parrots to eat

在文本里有告诉我们 鹦鹉吃香蕉是

bananas?

可能的吗？

No, there isn’t.

没有，那没有。

We know that parrots eat fruit, and that bananas are mostly consumed by monkeys.

我们知道鹦鹉吃水果，香蕉 是猴子最常吃的。

The text suggests strongly that parrots can eat bananas, but it doesn’t directly say

文本强烈暗示鹦鹉可以吃 香蕉，但是没有直接

so.

这样说。

So, the answer is ‘not given’.

所以，答案是“not given”。

Be careful with questions like these.

小心像这样的问题。

It’s natural to read something like this and guess that parrots can eat bananas.

阅读像这样的某些东西是很自然的， 猜测鹦鹉可以吃香蕉。

It’s reasonable to guess—the text does suggest this.

那是合理的猜测 — 文本暗示这个。

However, your answers must be based on what the text says or doesn’t say.

然而，您的答案必须基于 文本说了，或没有说。

Part four: how to answer yes/no/not given questions.

第四部分：怎么回答 是/否/ 没有给出的问题。

So, you’ve seen how to answer some true/false/not given questions.

那么，您看了怎么回答一些 真的/假的/没有给出的问题。

Now we’ll look at some yes/no/not given questions.

现在我们会看一些 是/否/没有给出的问题。

Remember, you can approach these in the same way.

记住，您可以用相同方式 来处理这些。

The only difference is that yes/no/not given questions may also include the writer’s

唯一的区别是是/否/没有给出 的问题也许也包括

opinions.

作者的观点。

Here’s a text.

这里是文本。

Pause the video to read it if you need extra time.

如果您需要额外的时间， 暂停视频来阅读。

"Wainwright’s, established in 1863, are now among the leading exporters of glass tankards

"Wainwright’s, established in 1863, are now among the leading exporters of glass tankards

and other glass products anywhere in the Northern hemisphere.

and other glass products anywhere in the Northern hemisphere.

Although not immediately profitable, the company, now based in Chicago, has grown prodigiously

Although not immediately profitable, the company, now based in Chicago, has grown prodigiously

into a brand whose elegant receptacles are widely sought after and admired by many.

into a brand whose elegant receptacles are widely sought after and admired by many.

"

"

Alright?

好了吗？

Here’s your first statement:

这里是您的第一个陈述：

"Wainwright’s success was instantaneous."

"Wainwright’s success was instantaneous."

'Instantaneous' has the same meaning as 'immediate'.

“Instantaneous”有与“immediate”相同的意思。

We know Wainwright’s brand is now sought after (well-known and wanted by people), but

我们知道Wainwright’s的品牌现在被追捧 （广为人知，人们想要它），

also that it was not immediately profitable.

但是，那也不是立即可盈利的。

The statement says 'instantaneous success', but our text says Wainwright’s wasn’t

陈述说“instantaneous success"， 但我们的文本说

immediately profitable.

Wainwright’s不是立即可盈利的。

If a company isn’t profitable, is it a success?

如果一个公司不是盈利的， 它是成功的吗？

No.

不是。

So, you should choose ‘no.’

所以，您要选择”no“。

Question number two:

问题二：

"Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters in North America."

"Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters in North America."

The text tells us Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters of glass tankards and

文本告诉我们Wainwright’s是在 包括北美在内北半球的

products in the northern hemisphere, which includes North America.

玻璃大酒杯和相关玻璃产品 的主要出口商之一。

However, the statement just says 'leading exporters', while the text says leading exporters

然而，当文本说玻璃大酒杯和 玻璃产品的主要出口商时，

of glass tankards and other glass products.

陈述只是说”leading exporters“。

So, we know that Wainwright’s is a leading exporter in one particular area, but we don’t

所以，我们知道Wainwright’s是在一个特定领域里的一个主要出口商， 但是，我们不知道

know if it’s one of the biggest exporters overall.

它是不是 最大的出口商。

What should we choose in this situation?

在这种情形下，我们要选择什么？

The correct answer is ‘not given’.

正确的答案是“not given”。

There’s nothing in the text which tells you how Wainwright’s compares to other companies

在文本里没有任何地方告诉您 Wainwright’s与不同行业的

in different sectors.

其他公司相比。

Question number three:

问题三：

"Wainwright’s was founded in Chicago."

"Wainwright’s was founded in Chicago."

What is this statement asking us?

这个陈述在问我们什么？

The text tells us Wainwright’s is based in Chicago now, but does that mean it started

文本告诉我们Wainwright’s现在是以芝加哥 为基地，但是那意味着

in Chicago?

它在芝加哥建立的吗？

If it is now based in Chicago, that means it was set up somewhere else, otherwise why

如果它现在以芝加哥为基地，那 意味着它建立在其他某个地方，

would the text use the word 'now'?

否则为什么文本要使用单词“now”？

The answer must be no.

答案必然是 no。

Our last question:

我们的最后一个问题：

"Many people own Wainwright’s glass products."

"Many people own Wainwright’s glass products."

Okay, let’s focus on the word 'own' here.

好，在这里，我们来关注单词“own”。

The text tells you the tankards are admired and sought after by many people, which suggests

文本告诉您大酒杯是被 很多人尊崇和追捧的，

that they are popular products.

那暗示他们是流行产品。

We also know that the company is successful, which also strongly suggests that many people

我们也知道公司是成功的， 那也强烈暗示很多人购买

buy and own their products.

并拥有他们的产品。

However, does it say anything about people owning Wainwright’s products?

然而，那说了任何有关人们拥有 Wainwright’s产品的事情吗？

Remember that ‘suggests’ is not enough.

记住“suggests”是不够的。

We need something concrete in the text that tells us that many people own Wainwright’s

我们需要在文本里有告诉我们很多人 拥有Wainwright’s玻璃产品

glass products.

的某些具体的东西。

There isn’t anything like that in the text, so we should select ‘not given.’

在文本里没有任何像那样的东西， 所以我们要选“not given”。

Part 5: final tips.

第五部分： 最后的提示。

Hopefully you are feeling a little more confident answering true/false/not given and yes/no/not

希望您要更自信一点地回答 真的/假的/没有给出以及

given questions.

是/否/没有给出的问题。

Here are just a few more things to remember:

在这里，还有几件需要记住的事情：

1.

1.

There will always be at least one true, one false and one not given answer.

答案总是至少有一个是真的、一个 是假的，一个是没有给出的。

If you are missing one, one answer has to be wrong.

如果您少答一个， 一个回答就是错的。

The same is true for yes/no/not given questions: there will always be at least one of each

是/否/没有给出的问题也一样： 每一个答案总是

answer.

至少有一个。

2.

2.

If you aren’t sure, or you can’t find an answer, put ‘not given’.

如果您不确定，或者您找不到 一个答案，选“not given”。

You don’t have a lot of time for this exam.

您没有太多的时间做这个考试。

Don’t spend all your time looking for an answer that isn’t there.

不要花您所有的时间来 找一个那里没有的答案。

3.

3.

Answer all the questions!

回答所有的问题！

Never leave blank spaces, even if you’re running out of time or you have no idea.

永远不要留空，即使您时间 不多了，或者您没主意。

You have a one in three chance of guessing correctly, so always put an answer for every

您有三分之一的机会猜对，所以 每一个问题总是

question.

要给一个答案。

Well, that’s all from me.

好，本节课就到这了。

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming soon!

如果您近期有一个雅思 阅读考试，祝您好运！

Thanks a lot for watching.

非常感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！