IELTS Reading Exam - True/False/Not Given and Yes/No/Not Given Questions

雅思考試 — 閱讀 TFNG 真理/假的/未給出的判斷題

Hi!

嗨！

I’m Martin.

我是Martin。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you’re going to learn how to complete true/false/not given, and yes/no/not

在本節課裡，您要學習在雅思閱讀 考試裡怎麼完成真理/假的/未給出、

given questions in the IELTS reading exam.

以及對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題。

But what is the difference between these two types of question?

但是，這兩種類型的判斷題 之間的區別是什麼？

True/false/not given questions ask you about facts.

真理/假的/未給出的判斷題 詢問您有關的事實。

Yes/no/not given questions can include facts or the writer’s opinion.

對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題可以包括 事實或是筆者的觀點。

However, you can think about these two kinds of question in exactly the same way.

然而，您可以用完全相同的方式來 考慮兩種類型的問題。

But, please check what type of question you’re answering.

但是，請檢查您正在回答 什麼類型的問題。

If you write the answer ‘yes’ in a ‘true, false, not given’ question, the answer is

如果您寫回答“yes”在一個“true, false, not given”判斷題裡，

obviously not correct.

答案顯然是不正確的。

This is mistake is easier to make than you might imagine.

這是一個比您想像的 還要容易犯的錯誤。

Let’s have a look at some techniques you can use to answer true/false/not given questions

我們來看一些您可以用在雅思 閱讀考試裡回答

in your IELTS reading exam.

真理/假的/未給出的判斷題的技巧。

Part One: how to find the relevant part of the text.

第一部分：怎麼找到文本的相關部分。

Before you can answer the question, you need to find the right part of the text.

在您能回答問題之前，您要找到 文本的正確部分。

First, remember that the questions follow the text.

首先，記住追隨在文本之後的問題。

That means that for the first question, you should start looking near the beginning of

那意思是第一個問題，您要開始看文本

the text.

的開頭附近。

Now, let’s do an example.

現在，我們看一個例子。

Imagine that you see this question:

想像您看這個問題：

"Zander cannot live in salt water."

"Zander cannot live in salt water."

Probably, your first thought is, “What’s a zander?”

有可能，您首先考慮的是， “What’s a zander?”

Perfectly reasonable.

很合理。

I had to look it up, too!

我也要查找一下！

However, you know that the zander is something which can (or can’t) live in salt water.

然而，您知道梭鱸是某種可以 （或不可以）生活在鹹水裡的東西。

What lives in water?

什麼生活在水裡？

Many things, but we know the zander must be some kind of animal or plant which lives in

很多東西，但是我們知道zander 必須是某種生活在

water.

水裡的動物或植物。

So, look for words in the text related to fish or sea life.

所以，找文本裡與魚或海洋 生命有關的單字。

You can also look for the word 'zander', obviously.

顯然，您也能找單字“zander”。

Also, the question mentions salt water.

問題也提及了鹹水。

Where do you find salt water?

您在哪裡找到鹹水？

In the sea, right?

在海洋裡，對嗎？

So, look for words like sea, ocean etc.

那麼，找單字像是海洋、大洋等等。

What’s the opposite of salt water?

鹹水的反義詞是什麼？

It’s fresh water.

那是淡水。

Where do you find fresh water?

您在哪裡找到淡水？

Mostly in rivers and lakes.

大部分在河流與湖泊裡。

If the answer is ‘true’, and zander cannot live in salt water, then they must live in

如果答案是“true”，那麼梭鱸魚不能生活 在鹹水裡，那麼他們必然生活在

fresh water.

淡水裡。

This means you should also look for references to fresh water in the text, so look for words

這意味著您也要在文本裡找 淡水的參照，所以找單字

like river or lake.

像是河流或湖泊。

Let’s do one more example.

我們再看一個例子。

You see this question:

您看這個問題：

"Before 1900, there were no zander in the UK."

"Before 1900, there were no zander in the UK."

What should you look for in the text?

您要在文本裡找什麼？

Look for dates or time references.

找日期和時間參考。

The question mentions 1900, so you could look for time expressions like 19th century, 20th

問題提及1900，所以您可以找 像是19世紀、20世紀、

century, turn of the century, and so on.

世紀之交等的時間表達。

You could also look for references to the UK or parts of the UK.

您也找英國或英國的 某個地區的參照。

This means you should look for words like Britain, England, Scotland, etc.

這意味著您要找像是不列顛、 英格蘭、蘇格蘭等的單字。

Use these techniques to find the section in the text which will let you answer the question.

用這些技巧來找能讓您回答 問題的文本裡的單元。

Okay, so now you’ve found the relevant part of the text.

好，所以現在您找到了 文本的相關部分。

What next?

接下來呢？

Part two: finding key ideas in the text.

第二部分：找在文本裡的關鍵想法。

Take a look at this extract from a text.

看一下這個文本摘錄。

"The zander is a type of fish, thought originally to be from Western Europe.

"The zander is a type of fish, thought originally to be from Western Europe.

Zander were introduced into the UK in the late 20th century, and now can be found in

Zander were introduced into the UK in the late 20th century, and now can be found in

many rivers and freshwater lakes around the UK.

many rivers and freshwater lakes around the UK.

Scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species since their introduction."

Scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species since their introduction."

Pause the video if you want extra time to read it.

如果您要額外的時間 閱讀它，暫停影片。

What should you focus on here?

在這裡您要關注什麼？

Here are a few things to look for and think about:

這裡有幾件事情要看並考慮的：

First, look for time and date references.

首先，找時間和日期參照。

The statement says 'late 20th century'.

陳述說“late 20th century”。

What does that mean?

那意思是什麼？

1990?

1990？

Is 2000 late 20th century?

2000年是20世紀末嗎？

When does late start?

晚到什麼時候開始？

Is 1970 late 20th century?

1970年是20世紀末嗎？

Secondly, look for expressions of quantity like 'all', 'many', 'some', 'most', and so

其次，找像是“all”、“many”、 “some”、“most"等等的

on.

數量表達。

Here, the text says 'many rivers and freshwater lakes'.

在這裡，文本說”many rivers and freshwater lakes“。

Does that mean all zander live in rivers?

那意思是所有梭鱸魚生活在河流裡？

Does it tell you whether zander are more common in rivers or lakes?

那告訴您梭鱸魚是在河流裡 更常見，還是湖泊裡？

Thirdly, look for specific details and facts.

再次，找特定的細節和事實。

What do you know for sure after reading this text?

讀完這個文本之後， 您確定您知道什麼？

You know that the zander is a fish, and that there weren’t any zander in the UK before

您知道梭鱸魚是一種魚，在 1950年以前，英國沒有

1950 (because they were introduced).

任何梭鱸魚（因為它們是引進的）。

You know that zander live in rivers and freshwater lakes in the UK.

您知道梭鱸魚生活在英國 的河流與淡水湖裡

Those are the only facts in the text, so they're the only things you can be sure about.

這些是文本裡唯一的事實，因此 它們是您唯一可以確定的事情。

To do well with IELTS true/false/not given questions, you need to separate fact from

要做好雅思閱讀的真理/假的/未給出 的判斷題，您要從猜測裡

speculation.

剝離出事實。

Finally, look for expressions of uncertainty.

最後，找出不確定的表達。

This is the opposite of the point we just mentioned.

這是我們剛剛提及 要點的相反面。

Look for modal verbs like 'could', 'might' or 'must'.

找情態助動詞像是“could”、 “might”或“must”。

Look for expressions which indicate uncertainty, for example 'it is thought that…' or 'many

找指明不確定的表達，例如， “it is thought that…”或“many

experts believe that…'

experts believe that…”

For example, the text says that zander are thought to be from Western Europe.

例如，文本說梭鱸魚被 認為是來自西歐。

Does that mean they are definitely from Western Europe, or is it uncertain?

那意味著它們肯定來自西歐嗎？ 還是那是不確定的？

The text says that scientists claim that zander have harmed many native English fish species.

文本說科學家們聲稱梭鱸魚對 很多英國本土魚種有害。

From this, can you say for sure that zander have damaged English wildlife?

從這裡，您可以說確信梭鱸魚對 英國野生環境有害嗎？

Of course, the exact points you consider depend on the question you’re trying to answer.

當然，您考慮的準確點取決於 您要回答的問題。

However, it’s good practice to think about these different things when you’re preparing

然而，當您在準備雅思閱讀 考試時，那是來考慮

for your IELTS reading test.

這些不同事情的好練習。

To get a high score, you need really good attention to detail.

要得到高評分，您需要真正地 注意好細節。

Part three: how to answer true/false/not given questions.

第三部分：怎麼回答 真理/假的/沒給出的判斷題。

Let’s do a few questions together to practise.

我們一起來做幾個判斷題練習一下。

First I’m going to give you the statement which you need to read, then I’ll give you

首先，我會給您要閱讀的 陳述，然後我會給您

the part of the text where you would find the answer.

可以找到答案的文本部分。

All you have to do is decide if the statement is true, false, or not given.

您要做的全部就是決定陳述是 真理、假的，或沒給出的。

Here’s your first statement.

這裡是您的第一個陳述。

Read it and think about what you could be looking for.

閱讀它，並考慮您 可以找到什麼。

"Bananas became popular as soon as they were brought to Europe."

"Bananas became popular as soon as they were brought to Europe."

Here is the text:

這裡是文本：

"After their introduction to Europe bananas were an immediate sensation and became a staple

"After their introduction to Europe bananas were an immediate sensation and became a staple

in many people’s diets."

in many people’s diets."

So, what do you think?

那麼，您覺得呢？

Is the statement true, false or not given?

陳述是真理、假的或沒給出的？

It’s true.

那是真理。

The text says 'immediate sensation' and the statement says that 'bananas were popular

文本說“immediate sensation”，文本還 說“bananas were popular

as soon as they were brought to Europe'.

as soon as they were brought to Europe”。

These are exactly the same thing.

那是完全相同的事情。

Even if you don’t know the exact meaning of 'sensation' or 'staple', you could still

即使您不知道“sensation”或“staple”的準確意思， 您仍然可以

could still make a good guess based on:

基於下列事情做一個好的猜測：

1.

1.

The link between 'as soon as' and 'immediate'. 2.

“as soon as”和“immediate”之間的連接。

2.

'Many people’s diets'.

“Many people’s diets”。

Even if you don’t know what 'staple' means, you can hopefully work out that many people

即使您不知道“staple”意思是什麼， 您能有希望找出

were eating bananas.

很多人吃過的香蕉。

That allows you to say that bananas were popular.

那允許您說香蕉是普遍的。

Let’s do one more.

我們來再做一題。

Here’s the statement:

這裡是陳述：

"Capsaicin can irreversibly damage the mouth."

"Capsaicin can irreversibly damage the mouth."

And here’s the relevant sentence from the text.

這裡是與文本相關的句子。

"Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, causes temporary irritation of the cells in the mouth."

"Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, causes temporary irritation of the cells in the mouth."

Do you know what capsaicin is?

您知道什麼是辣椒素嗎？

Does it matter?

麻煩嗎？

Not really.

不完全是。

Even if you have no idea what capsaicin is, you can still be sure that this one is false.

即使您不知道辣椒素是什麼， 您仍然可以確定這個是假的。

How can you be sure?

您怎樣能確定呢？

If something is irreversibly damaged, then it’s permanent; the text says it is only

如果某些事情受到不可逆轉的 損害；那麼那是永久的；

temporary irritation.

文本說那僅是暫時的刺激。

Therefore, it has to be false.

所以，那肯定是假的。

Let’s do another one.

我們做另外一題。

Here’s the statement:

這裡是陳述：

"Bananas can be part of a parrot's diet.

"Bananas can be part of a parrot's diet.

"

"

And here’s the text:

這是文本：

"Parrots must compete with larger animals, such as monkeys, for the available food, and

"Parrots must compete with larger animals, such as monkeys, for the available food, and

especially fruit.

especially fruit.

Larger fruits, such as bananas, are mostly consumed by monkeys, who can reach them easily

Larger fruits, such as bananas, are mostly consumed by monkeys, who can reach them easily

by climbing."

by climbing."

What do you think?

您怎麼想？

The text doesn’t say that parrots eat bananas, but the statement includes the word 'can'.

文本沒說鸚鵡吃香蕉，但是 陳述包括了單字“can”。

Is there anything in the text which tells us that it’s possible for parrots to eat

在文本裡有告訴我們 鸚鵡吃香蕉是

bananas?

可能的嗎？

No, there isn’t.

沒有，那裡沒有。

We know that parrots eat fruit, and that bananas are mostly consumed by monkeys.

我們知道鸚鵡吃水果，香蕉 是猴子最常吃的。

The text suggests strongly that parrots can eat bananas, but it doesn’t directly say

文本強烈暗示鸚鵡可以吃 香蕉，但是沒有直接

so.

這麼說。

So, the answer is ‘not given’.

所以，答案是“not given”。

Be careful with questions like these.

小心像這樣的判斷題。

It’s natural to read something like this and guess that parrots can eat bananas.

閱讀像這樣的某些東西是很自然的， 猜測鸚鵡可以吃香蕉。

It’s reasonable to guess—the text does suggest this.

那是合理的猜測 — 文本暗示這個。

However, your answers must be based on what the text says or doesn’t say.

然而，您的答案必須基於 文本講了的，或沒有講的。

Part four: how to answer yes/no/not given questions.

第四部分：怎麼回答對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題。

So, you’ve seen how to answer some true/false/not given questions.

那麼，您看了怎麼回答一些 真理/假的/未給出的判斷題。

Now we’ll look at some yes/no/not given questions.

現在我們會看一些 對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題。

Remember, you can approach these in the same way.

記住，您可以用相同的方式 來做這些判斷題。

The only difference is that yes/no/not given questions may also include the writer’s

唯一的區別是對/不對/沒有給出 的判斷題也許包括

opinions.

作者的觀點。

Here’s a text.

這裡是文本。

Pause the video to read it if you need extra time.

如果您需要額外的時間， 暫停影片來閱讀。

"Wainwright’s, established in 1863, are now among the leading exporters of glass tankards

"Wainwright’s, established in 1863, are now among the leading exporters of glass tankards

and other glass products anywhere in the Northern hemisphere.

and other glass products anywhere in the Northern hemisphere.

Although not immediately profitable, the company, now based in Chicago, has grown prodigiously

Although not immediately profitable, the company, now based in Chicago, has grown prodigiously

into a brand whose elegant receptacles are widely sought after and admired by many.

into a brand whose elegant receptacles are widely sought after and admired by many.

"

"

Alright?

好了嗎？

Here’s your first statement:

這裡是您的第一個陳述：

"Wainwright’s success was instantaneous."

"Wainwright’s success was instantaneous."

'Instantaneous' has the same meaning as 'immediate'.

“Instantaneous”有與“immediate”相同的意思。

We know Wainwright’s brand is now sought after (well-known and wanted by people), but

我們知道Wainwright’s的品牌現在被追捧 （廣為人知，人們想擁有它），

also that it was not immediately profitable.

但是，這個品牌也不是立即可以獲利的。

The statement says 'instantaneous success', but our text says Wainwright’s wasn’t

陳述說“instantaneous success"， 但我們的文本說

immediately profitable.

Wainwright’s不是立即可以獲利的。

If a company isn’t profitable, is it a success?

如果一家公司不是獲利的， 它是成功的嗎？

No.

不是。

So, you should choose ‘no.’

所以，您要選擇”no“。

Question number two:

問二：

"Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters in North America."

"Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters in North America."

The text tells us Wainwright’s is one of the leading exporters of glass tankards and

文本告訴我們Wainwright’s是在 包括北美在內的北半球的

products in the northern hemisphere, which includes North America.

玻璃大酒杯及相關玻璃產品 的主要出口商之一。

However, the statement just says 'leading exporters', while the text says leading exporters

然而，當文本說玻璃大酒杯和 玻璃產品的主要出口商時，

of glass tankards and other glass products.

陳述只是說”leading exporters“。

So, we know that Wainwright’s is a leading exporter in one particular area, but we don’t

所以，我們知道Wainwright’s是在一個 特定領域裡的主要出口商，但是，

know if it’s one of the biggest exporters overall.

我們不知道它是不是 最大的出口商。

What should we choose in this situation?

在這種情形下，我們要選擇什麼？

The correct answer is ‘not given’.

正確的答案是“not given”。

There’s nothing in the text which tells you how Wainwright’s compares to other companies

在文本裡沒有任何一處告訴您 Wainwright’s與不同行業的

in different sectors.

其他公司相比。

Question number three:

問三：

"Wainwright’s was founded in Chicago."

"Wainwright’s was founded in Chicago."

What is this statement asking us?

這個陳述在問我們什麼？

The text tells us Wainwright’s is based in Chicago now, but does that mean it started

文本告訴我們Wainwright’s現在是以芝加哥 為基地，但是那意味著

in Chicago?

它是在芝加哥建立的嗎？

If it is now based in Chicago, that means it was set up somewhere else, otherwise why

如果它現在以芝加哥為基地，那 意味著它建立在其他某個地方，

would the text use the word 'now'?

否則為什麼文本要使用單字“now”？

The answer must be no.

答案必然是 no。

Our last question:

我們的最後一個問題：

"Many people own Wainwright’s glass products."

"Many people own Wainwright’s glass products."

Okay, let’s focus on the word 'own' here.

好，在這裡，我們來看下單字“own”。

The text tells you the tankards are admired and sought after by many people, which suggests

文本告訴您大酒杯是被 很多人尊崇和追捧的，

that they are popular products.

那暗示它們是流行產品。

We also know that the company is successful, which also strongly suggests that many people

我們也知道公司是成功的， 那也強烈暗示很多人購買

buy and own their products.

並擁有他們的產品。

However, does it say anything about people owning Wainwright’s products?

然而，那有講了任何有關人們擁有 Wainwright’s產品的事情嗎？

Remember that ‘suggests’ is not enough.

記住“suggests”是不夠的。

We need something concrete in the text that tells us that many people own Wainwright’s

我們需要在文本裡有告訴我們很多人 擁有Wainwright’s玻璃產品

glass products.

的某些具體的東西。

There isn’t anything like that in the text, so we should select ‘not given.’

在文本裡，沒有任何一處像那樣的， 所以我們要選“not given”。

Part 5: final tips.

第五部分：最後的提示。

Hopefully you are feeling a little more confident answering true/false/not given and yes/no/not

希望您要更自信一點地回答 真理/假的/未給出以及

given questions.

對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題。

Here are just a few more things to remember:

在這裡，還有幾件事情要記住：

1.

1.

There will always be at least one true, one false and one not given answer.

答案至少有一個是真理、一個 是假的，一個是沒有給出的。

If you are missing one, one answer has to be wrong.

如果您少答一個， 一個回答就是錯的。

The same is true for yes/no/not given questions: there will always be at least one of each

對/不對/沒有給出的判斷題也一樣： 每一個答案總是

answer.

至少有一個。

2.

2.

If you aren’t sure, or you can’t find an answer, put ‘not given’.

如果您不確定，或者您找不到 一個答案，選“not given”。

You don’t have a lot of time for this exam.

這個考試裡，您沒有太多的時間。

Don’t spend all your time looking for an answer that isn’t there.

不要花您所有的時間來 找一個在那裡沒有的答案。

3.

3.

Answer all the questions!

回答所有的問題！

Never leave blank spaces, even if you’re running out of time or you have no idea.

永遠不要留空，即使您時間 不多了，或者您沒主意。

You have a one in three chance of guessing correctly, so always put an answer for every

您有三分之一的機會猜對，所以 每一個問題總是

question.

要給出一個答案。

Well, that’s all from me.

好，本節課就到這裡。

Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming soon!

如果您近期有一個雅思 閱讀考試，祝您好運！

Thanks a lot for watching.

非常感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！