Glottal T, True T, Posh RP T, American T | Ultimate British Pronunciation Lesson 1

178,367 views ใƒป 2020-11-07

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hey everyone, I'm Aly.
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- ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ Ultimate British Pronunciation ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚น
00:01
Welcome to the first video
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ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:03
in my Ultimate British Pronunciation course.
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ใ€‚ ใพใ 
00:06
Remember to get the ebook, if you haven't already,
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้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€papateachme.com ใงๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:09
at papateachme.com.
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ใ€‚
00:11
That ebook goes with this course like best friends,
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ใใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ“ใฎ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใจ่ฆชๅ‹ใฎ
00:15
and it will help you absorb all the information
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00:18
like a sponge.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฟๅ’Œใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒณใ‚ธใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™.
00:19
So, we're going to start with one of the most famous,
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ใงใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆœ‰ๅใง
00:22
yet very misunderstood, and definitely misused,
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰้žๅธธใซ่ชค่งฃใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่ชค็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
00:27
sound of British pronunciation, the glottal T.
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฃฐ้–€
00:31
Since I first made my video on this subject,
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T ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚
00:34
whoa, all those years ago, look at all that hair I had.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎ้ซชใ€‚
00:38
Wow, it's like a different person.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใพใ‚‹ใงๅˆฅไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Anyway, since then, a lot has changed
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
00:43
about this little sound.
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ใ€‚
00:47
In my opinion, English teachers need to change,
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชž ๆ•™ๅธซ
00:50
and update, how they teach English,
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ใฏ็ด„ 5 ๅนดใ”ใจใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ใˆๆ–นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ๆ›ดๆ–ฐใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:53
about every five years or so.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
The reason is because language, in general,
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ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€ ่จ€่ชžใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
00:59
but especially English, is a living breathing thing,
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ใซใ€็‰นใซ่‹ฑ่ชž ใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:02
and it changes so quickly.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ€ฅ้€Ÿใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Throughout this course I'll show you
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ
01:08
a variety of different sounds and techniques and styles.
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
But the idea is for you to choose your favorite aspects
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ ๅฅฝใใชๅด้ขใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
01:18
of British pronunciation.
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ใ€‚
01:19
You'll sound natural because I'm gonna help you
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01:22
develop your own British pronunciation style.
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ .
01:26
So, what is the glottal T?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฃฐ้–€Tใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:29
It's this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
(mellow french music)
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(ใพใ‚ใ‚„ใ‹ใชใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
01:32
Yeah, yeah.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚
01:33
Oh, hi, sorry, can we have some water?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๆฐดใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:38
Water?
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ๆฐด๏ผŸ
01:39
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
01:41
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
01:42
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
01:44
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
01:45
Wawa?
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ใ‚ใ‚๏ผŸ
01:47
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
01:51
In British pronunciation,
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใง
01:52
it's really common to replace the T sound,
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ใฏใ€T ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใฎ T ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
01:57
in some words, to a glottal T.
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02:01
I say some words, because it will sound really weird
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02:05
if you pronounce every T with a glottal T.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใฎ T ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใฎ T ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€้žๅธธใซ
02:09
Please, don't be weird.
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ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ .
02:10
How do you make this sound?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:13
Well, say, uh-oh.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:16
Uh-oh.
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ใˆใˆใจใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
02:17
Do you feel that sound?
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ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:18
That feeling in the middle of uh-oh?
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎใ‚ใฎๆ„Ÿใ˜๏ผŸ
02:22
Your throat, your airway, closes.
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ๅ–‰ใ€ๆฐ—้“ใŒ้–‰ใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
It stops the sound coming out.
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ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
That is the feeling.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฐ—ๆŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
That's the sound of the glottal T.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฃฐ้–€ T ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
And that sound will replace, again,
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ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏใ€
02:35
some of the Ts in some of the words.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ T ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Just remember, don't overuse it.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไฝฟใ„ใ™ใŽใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:42
That will be weird.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Trust me, variety is the key to a natural speaking style.
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็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใฏ ่‡ช็„ถใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฎ้ตใงใ™.
02:48
That's what I will be stressing throughout this course.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:52
So, it's really, really common
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ใใฎ
02:54
to use the glottal T when a word finishes with a T sound.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒ T ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
Like hot, but, not, wet.
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ๆš‘ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:03
Again, it's perfectly fine to pronounce the T as a true T.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€T ใ‚’
03:09
A true T is when you pronounce it like a "tuh".
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็œŸใฎ T ใจ ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็œŸใฎ T ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œtuhใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:12
But, not, wet, hot.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:18
That's a true T.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ T ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
But the glottal T, remember, it's that middle sound
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ใฎ T ใฏใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆ
03:22
of uh-oh.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:24
When your airflow stops, stopping the sound,
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ๆฐ—ๆตใŒๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ€้ŸณใŒๆญขใพใ‚‹ใ€
03:27
that's your glottal T.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฃฐ้–€T
03:28
So, let's practice this together.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
Hot, hot.
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ๆš‘ใ„ใ€ๆš‘ใ„ใ€‚
03:34
Listen carefully.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:35
If you're just saying hah, hah,
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ใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใฎไธ€
03:39
the air is still coming out, you're not doing the glottal T.
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ใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‘ ่€ƒใˆ ใ€ ใจใ™ใ‚‹
03:43
The airflow must stop.
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03:46
Hot, hot.
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ๆš‘ใ„ใ€ๆš‘ใ„ใ€‚
03:49
Did you do it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:50
I feel like you did it that time.
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ใ‚ใฎๆ™‚ใ‚„ใฃใŸๆฐ—ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:52
I have confidence in you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:55
But, but.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚
03:59
Not.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
04:02
Wet.
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ๆฟกใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
04:04
Good, let's do all of them together.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๅ…จ้ƒจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
04:06
Hot, but not wet.
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ๆš‘ใ„ใ‘ใฉๆฟกใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
04:10
(claps) That was amazing, well done.
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๏ผˆๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ใ”ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:13
And, that word we just did,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใŸใฃใŸไปŠ่กŒใฃใŸใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
04:15
you could pronounce water like water.
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ๆฐดใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
Water, try that with me.
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ๆฐดใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:22
Water.
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ๆฐดใ€‚
04:24
(claps) Again, you're amazing.
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(ๆ‹ๆ‰‹) ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Why do we do this?
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ใชใœใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:28
Why make this sound?
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ใชใœใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:30
It's because the sound is lazy,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŸณใŒๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:32
and, to be honest, we are lazy.
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ใงใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
There, I said it.
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ใใ“ใงใ€่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:37
It, see?
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ใใ‚Œใ€ใปใ‚‰๏ผŸ
04:39
Lazy.
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ๆ€ ๆƒฐใ€‚
04:40
It's not clear.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
It's not an easy sound to hear.
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่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:45
Therefore, it's not considered formal.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:49
But, before people tell you this as a stupid sound,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€… ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฐใ‹ใ’ใŸ้Ÿณใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€
04:53
politicians, even the queen, will use this sound.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฏใ€ๅฅณ็Ž‹ใงใ•ใˆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:58
- And though self-isolating may at times be hard.
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- ใใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅทฑ้š”้›ข ใฏๆ™‚ใ€…้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
05:01
- Why?
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- ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ๏ผŸ
05:02
Because it makes you sound human.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไบบ้–“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
If you tried to pronounce every T as a "tuh",
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ T ใ‚’ใ€Œtuhใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:09
you would sound like a weird robot.
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ใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
And again, don't be weird, be human.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅค‰ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไบบ้–“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:15
So, other common words like this would be,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป–ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ€Œ
05:18
don't, can't, couldn't, wouldn't, won't.
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ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:21
Basically, any contraction of not.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€not ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€‚
05:25
Again, like I said, variety is key.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใŒ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚
05:28
So, I'm not saying always use glottal T
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ€Œtuhใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๅธธใซ glottal T ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:33
when the word finishes in a "tuh" sound.
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ใ€‚
05:36
No, I will use a mix.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆททใœใฆไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†
05:39
Sometimes I'll use it, sometimes I won't, like just now.
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ใซใ€ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใจใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:44
First, let's practice these together.
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ใพใšใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:47
Don't.
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ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:49
Can't.
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ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:52
Couldn't.
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ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:54
Wouldn't.
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ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:56
Won't.
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ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:58
Okay, let's practice this together in a sentence.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ไธ€ๆ–‡ใงไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
06:02
First, everything as a glottal T.
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ใพใšใ€ๅฃฐ้–€Tใจใ—ใฆใ™ในใฆ
06:05
It's a bit hot.
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ใ€‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:08
But not that hot.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚“ใชใซ็†ฑใใชใ„ใ€‚
06:10
Now, you could pronounce all of these Ts as glottal Ts,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ T ใฏใ™ในใฆ glottal T
06:14
and it wouldn't sound strange.
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ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:16
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
06:17
Because the tea is at the end of the word.
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ใŠ่Œถใฏ่ชžๅฐพใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:20
That sounds fine.
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ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚
06:21
This is where we start to develop your style.
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ใ“ใ“ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
06:25
I want you to pause the video here, and try saying these,
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:29
or, if you have a partner, you can practice talking
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:33
to each other, with these two sentences.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Change it up.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Use some Ts as glottal, some Ts as true Ts,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ T ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ T ใ‚’็œŸใฎ T ใจใ—ใฆ
06:43
use all of them as glottal, use all of them as true Ts,
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใจใ—ใฆ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็œŸใฎ T ใจใ—ใฆ
06:47
but use a variety, see which combination,
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›
06:51
or which style, feels right for you.
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ใพใŸใฏใฉใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ
06:55
There's no wrong answer here, so, don't worry.
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้–“้•ใฃใŸ็ญ”ใˆ ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใงใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:59
Remember, the goal is to develop
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็›ฎๆจ™ใฏ
07:01
your own natural British style,
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07:04
not to copy an idea of a British style.
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ใ€ใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:08
That won't sound natural.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:10
The only way to sound natural is to develop your own style.
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่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:15
So, let's do that.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:16
Pause the video, try a few different options.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:23
Let's try another one.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:25
For example, someone offers you a cat.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Œซใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
Do you want a cat?
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็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:31
What, that cat?
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ใชใซใ€ใ‚ใฎ็Œซ๏ผŸ
07:33
So, let's practice some different ways of pronouncing this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
07:38
Do you want a cat?
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็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:40
Do you want a cat?
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็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:43
Do you see where wanna comes from now?
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want ใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:47
Want a, wanna, wanna, want a cat.
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็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚
07:51
Do you want a cat?
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็ŒซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:52
I told you we're lazy, so, yeah.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใˆใˆใ€‚ ็œŸใฎTใพใŸใฏ
07:55
You can choose whichever T
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ๅฃฐ้–€T
07:59
you want to practice as a true T or a glottal T,
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ใจใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„Tใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™
08:01
it doesn't matter.
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ใŒใ€ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:03
It's all going to be correct.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:07
It's just about you developing your own natural style.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
08:11
So, pause the video now, practice this a few times,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž็ทด็ฟ’
08:15
with a study buddy, or with yourself, any way is fine.
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ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทไปฒ้–“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใจไธ€็ท’ใซ ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:20
Just see which combination works best for you.
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ใฉใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ› ใŒๆœ€้ฉใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:26
And press play when you're ready to continue.
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็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:30
Now, there are times when you probably want to pronounce
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ใ•ใฆใ€
08:33
that final T as a true T.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ T ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ T ใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:37
Don't, I can't get wet.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฟกใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:40
Oh, sorry love, you wet?
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:42
Yes, I'm very wet.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
He pronounced the glottal T
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ๅฝผ
08:46
because he's just speaking normally.
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ใฏๆ™ฎ้€šใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงๅฃฐ้–€ T ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:48
There's nothing special.
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็‰นๅˆฅใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:51
But she pronounced the true T that second time.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใใฎ 2 ๅ›ž็›ฎใซ็œŸใฎ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:56
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
08:57
Because she wants to emphasize.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:59
She wants to make this stronger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Yes, I'm very wet.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
If it's clearly pronounced,
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€
09:06
then it can sound much stronger, more emphatic.
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ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅผทใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟ็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
Just something to remember.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใ€‚
09:11
Also, there are times when you definitely don't want
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ใพใŸใ€ ็ตถๅฏพใซ
09:15
to use a glottal T.
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ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:17
For example, when a word begins with a T sound,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ˜่ชž ใŒ T ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
09:21
don't use the glottal T.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:23
The word tonight, for example, starts and ends with a T.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠๅคœใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž ใฏใ€ T.
09:29
We already know that that end T, that's fine.
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ใใฎ็ตๆœซใฏใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Tใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:32
You can pronounce that as a glottal T,
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ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใจ
09:35
you can pronounce that as a true T,
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็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€็œŸใฎ T ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
09:37
either way will sound natural.
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ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:40
That's your choice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:41
But, that first T, definitely not.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ T ใฏใ€้–“้•ใ„ใชใ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:46
So, options.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚
09:48
Tonight.
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ไปŠๅคœใ€‚
09:49
That's okay.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
09:51
Tonight, that's okay.
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ไปŠๅคœใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
09:53
But, a night?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ๆ™ฉ๏ผŸ
09:56
No, don't glottalize that T.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใฎ T. Mm ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
10:01
Mm.
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ใ€‚
10:02
But, there is an exception to this.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
In Cockney, and similar styles, you might hear this.
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ใ‚ณใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚„ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
10:11
I'm going to the pub.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:13
You'll definitely hear some British people say that.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:16
Not always.
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ๅธธใซใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
10:17
It's not for everyone.
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ไธ‡ไบบๅ‘ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:19
It might not be for you.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:20
And that's okay.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
10:21
So, likewise, if you said, you're going to the pub?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:26
I want to come too!
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็งใ‚‚ๆฅใŸใ„๏ผ
10:28
Exactly the same thing.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:29
So, going to, want to, you already know
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€going toใ€want toใ€
10:33
that these get contracted to gonna and wanna.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ going ใจ wanna ใซๅŽ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:36
So, really common.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
So, also glottalize those Ts.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ T ใ‚‚ๅฃฐ้–€ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:41
But, that one, true T.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸใฎTใงใ™ใ€‚
10:44
The others, you have the option.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใซใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
Again, try both ways, see which one you prefer.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆ ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฅฝใฟใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:50
First, let's try both as true Ts.
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ใพใšใ€ไธกๆ–นใ‚’็œŸใฎ Ts ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:53
I'm going to the pub.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
I want to come too.
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็งใ‚‚ๆฅใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
Now, let's try both as glottal Ts.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ Ts ใจใ—ใฆไธกๆ–นใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:59
Again, it's just as correct, just a different style.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆญฃใ—ใใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:04
I'm going to the pub.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒ–ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
I want to come too.
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็งใ‚‚ๆฅใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:09
Well done, you're amazing.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:10
Another time when you definitely don't want
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็ตถๅฏพใซ
11:13
to use the glottal T is when the consonant sound
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ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
11:17
just before the T is an unvoiced consonant sound.
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ใ€T ใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใฎๅญ้ŸณใŒ ็„กๅฃฐๅญ้Ÿณใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
11:22
Wait, what the f-?
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ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใชใซ๏ผŸ
11:23
What's an unvoiced consonant sound?
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็„กๅฃฐๅญ้Ÿณใจใฏ๏ผŸ
11:26
An unvoiced sound doesn't make a vibration in the throat.
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็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณ ใฏๅ–‰ใซๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:30
Like, for example, an F sound.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Fใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
11:33
Ffff, no vibration here.
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ใƒ•ใƒ•ใƒ•ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆŒฏๅ‹•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:36
But a voiced sound, like a V,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€V ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆœ‰ๅฃฐ้Ÿณ
11:39
that does produce a vibration in the throat.
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ใฏใ€ๅ–‰ใซๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ‚’็”Ÿใ˜ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
Vvvvuh, the same mouth shape,
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ใƒดใƒดใƒดใƒƒใ€ๅฃใฎๅฝขใฏๅŒใ˜
11:45
but the difference is the vibration.
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ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€้•ใ†ใฎใฏๆŒฏๅ‹•ใ€‚
11:48
Fffff, vvvvuh, fffff, vvvvuh.
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Fffffใ€vvvvuhใ€fffffใ€vvvvuhใ€‚
11:54
That's the only difference.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:56
Unvoiced, voiced, that's it.
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็„กๅฃฐใ€ๆœ‰ๅฃฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:58
So, with names, like Taylor Swift,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Taylor Swift ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅๅ‰ใงใ€
12:03
the T in Swift, don't make that one glottal.
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Swift ใฎ T ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:06
That will always be true T, Swift.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ Tใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒ•ใƒˆใ€‚
12:09
Fast.
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้€Ÿใ„ใ€‚
12:11
Again, true T.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็œŸใฎ T.
12:13
Connected.
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ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:15
Again, true T,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็œŸใฎ T ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:16
because the consonant sound just before
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็›ดๅ‰ใฎๅญ้Ÿณ
12:19
is an unvoiced consonant sound,
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ใฏ็„กๅฃฐๅญ้Ÿณใง
12:22
and no one glottalizes those.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:24
That's not a difference in style, just, no one does it,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎ้•ใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚
12:28
I guess because it's impossible.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใไธๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:31
Let's actually try.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:33
Swiff, Taylor Swiff-uh.
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Swiffใ€Taylor Swiff-ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
12:35
It's too difficult.
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้›ฃใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:37
Remember, we're lazy, so, if it's difficult to say,
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใชใฎใงใ€ ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
12:41
we won't do it, it doesn't become a style.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
12:44
That's how language works.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่จ€่ชžใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
12:45
So, just keep that in mind.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:48
But, also, there are times
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใŸใ€
12:50
when you always pronounce the glottal T.
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ๅธธใซๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:54
Again, because it's easier.
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ใ€‚
12:56
For example, absolutely.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ตถๅฏพใซใ€‚
12:59
And, in this case, again, it's all about the position
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€
13:02
of the T in the word.
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ๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใฎ T ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใŒใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
13:04
See, there's a vowel sound before the T,
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Tใฎๅ‰ใซๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Tใฎ
13:06
and a consonant sound after.
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ๅพŒใซๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
In those cases, just pronounce the glottal T,
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—
13:12
it will sound natural, just trust me.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:14
States, make it glottal.
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ๅทžใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:17
The same with this one, mates.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€ไปฒ้–“ใ€‚
13:20
If your teacher tells you
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
13:21
that the glottal T is a dumb sound, that's not true.
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ใŒๅฃฐ้–€ T ใฏ ้ฆฌ้นฟใ’ใŸ้Ÿณใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:27
It's just a feature of British pronunciation,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
13:29
which everyone uses.
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ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็‰นๅพดใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:31
Yes, even the queen.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฅณ็Ž‹ใงใ•ใˆใ€‚
13:33
- Many charities, groups, and organizations
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- ๅคšใใฎๆ…ˆๅ–„ๅ›ฃไฝ“ใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ต„็น”
13:38
have worked to promote peace and unity around the world.
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ใŒใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใงๅนณๅ’Œใจๅ›ฃ็ตใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆดปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
13:41
- See, with a glottal T, it just sounds more natural.
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-ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅฃฐ้–€Tใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:44
So, let's quickly practice those points.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ Wi-Fi ใชใฉใธใฎๆŽฅ็ถšใซใคใ„ใฆ
13:47
Let's imagine that we're talking
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟ
13:49
about connecting to wifi or something.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:52
We're gonna practice this,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
13:53
but, notice which Ts can be glottal,
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ใŒใ€ใฉใฎ T ใŒๅฃฐ้–€ใง
13:58
and which definitely aren't.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใฎ T ใŒๅฃฐ้–€ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:01
And, remember,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
14:02
this is about developing your natural way of speaking.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‡ช็„ถใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
14:06
So, practice a few different ways that you could say this,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—
14:10
see what feels comfortable, see what feels natural.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅฟซ้ฉใซ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
14:14
Don't try and force anything.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผทๅˆถใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:16
If you try to make everything a true T,
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็œŸใฎ T ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:19
it might sound weird.
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ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:20
If you try to make everything a glottal T,
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:23
it might sound weird.
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ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:25
For example, I might pronounce this like,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:29
tell Tom that it's definitely connected,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใƒˆใƒ ใซไผใˆ
14:32
but that might not be the same for you,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
14:34
and that's fine too.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:36
Again, they're equally correct, just different styles.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:40
Pause the video, press play when you're ready to continue.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:46
Okay, this is where it gets really interesting,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„
14:49
because this is where we develop your style even more.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใก ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
14:53
So, words like, mountain, button, bottle, water, hotel.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฑฑใ€ ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ๆฐดใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:59
You have options.
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ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
Let me add this one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:03
Just, quickly.
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ใŸใ ใ€ใ™ใใซใ€‚
15:05
My speaking style is completely middle, nonspecific,
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็งใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฏ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใƒŸใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“ๆ€งใŒใชใใ€
15:11
very general, London.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
15:14
So, if you come to London, you'll hear this, more or less.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซๆฅ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:20
Just depends on the person.
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ใŸใ ไบบใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:22
And sometimes I will pronounce the glottal T,
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹
15:25
sometimes I won't, in these words.
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ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:28
Sometimes mountain, sometimes mountain.
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ๆ™‚ใซๅฑฑใ€ๆ™‚ใซๅฑฑใ€‚
15:34
Depends how fast I'm speaking.
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็งใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้€Ÿใ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:36
Depends on my mood.
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็งใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:37
Depends who I'm talking to.
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่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:39
The point is, all of that is correct.
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่ฆ็‚นใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:43
It just depends on your mood, your style.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚
15:46
Now, me personally, if there's a vowel T vowel,
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€ Tๆฏ้Ÿณ
15:51
I tend not to use the glottal T.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฃฐ้–€Tๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
15:54
But that doesn't mean I never use it.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:57
Depends, again, on my mood, my speed of speaking,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ€่ฉฑใ™้€Ÿๅบฆ
16:01
and who I'm talking to.
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ใ€่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:03
For example, with my best friend, if I'm being a bit lazy,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ ่ฆชๅ‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€ ใ‘่€…
16:06
yeah, I'm gonna say, yeah, it's better.
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ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใˆใˆใ€ใใฎใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
16:10
So, this is how you can develop your style.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้–‹็™บใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:13
You will have a preference.
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ๅฅฝใฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:15
Try saying these with a true T, and the glottal T,
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็œŸใฎ T ใจๅฃฐ้–€ใฎ T ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใฆใ€
16:20
and see which one feels better for you.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ
16:24
Let me give you a quick example of each one.
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ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:26
First, true T.
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ใพใšใ€ใƒˆใ‚ฅใƒซใƒผ T.
16:28
Mountain, button, bottle, water, hotel, better.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ ๆฐดใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใ€ใƒ™ใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
16:38
Now the glottal T.
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ไปŠใ€ๅฃฐ้–€ T.
16:40
Mountain, button, bottle, water, hotel, better.
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ใƒžใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ ๆฐดใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
16:50
Again, you definitely won't want all of them to be true,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ™ในใฆใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹
16:54
you definitely won't want all of them to be glottal.
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ใ“ใจใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๆœ›ใพใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ™ในใฆใŒๅฃฐ้–€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๆœ›ใพใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
16:58
You'll probably find that a mix feels better for you.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ€ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎๆ–นใŒๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:02
That is how you're gonna develop your own style.
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ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃ ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:06
So, pause the video, practice a few different ways,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€
17:09
and play the video when you're ready to continue.
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็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:18
Okay, we've talked about the glottal T,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฃฐ้–€T
17:20
we've talked about the true T.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€็œŸใฎTใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
17:22
But there are two other types of T,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€Tใซใฏไป–ใซ2ใคใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒ
17:25
and they don't need milk.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒŸใƒซใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“.
17:26
That was such a bad joke, and I apologize.
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ๆ‚ชใ„ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:29
If you wanna stop this video right now,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไปŠใ™ใ
17:31
and give it a dislike, I'll completely understand.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ๅซŒใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:35
But before you do, let me tell you about the other two Ts.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ€ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ T ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:37
First is the incredibly posh, posh RP T, which,
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1ใค็›ฎใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ ่ฑช่ฏใชRP Tใง
17:43
if you watch that TV show, "The Crown", they always use it.
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ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ€Œใ‚ถใƒป ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
17:48
And this is how it sounds.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:51
Little, water, bottle.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ๆฐดใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€‚
17:54
How do you do this posh RP T?
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ใ“ใฎ่ฑช่ฏใชRP Tใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:57
Well, the tongue is gonna hit just behind
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ใˆใˆใจใ€่ˆŒใฏ
18:00
that top set of teeth.
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ไธŠใฎๆญฏใฎใ™ใๅพŒใ‚ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:03
Not gonna hit the teeth themselves,
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ๆญฏ่‡ชไฝ“ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
18:05
it's gonna hit that ridge, just there.
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ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐพๆ นใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:08
So, about there.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ“ใ‚‰่พบใ€‚
18:10
Just a gentle tap there,
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ใใ“ใ‚’่ปฝใใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
18:12
that should give you that posh RP T.
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่ฑช่ฏใช RP T. Water ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
18:15
Water.
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ใ€‚
18:16
Another example, let's look at Italy.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:19
With a true T, Italy.
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็œŸใฎTใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใ€‚
18:22
With a glottal T, Italy.
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ๅฃฐ้–€Tใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใ€‚
18:25
With that posh RP T, sounds like this.
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ใใฎ่ฑช่ฏใชRP Tใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
18:28
- Italy.
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- ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใ€‚
18:29
- But I should mention that this T only appears
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- ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ใ“ใฎ T
18:32
in very posh RP.
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ฑช่ฏใช RP ใซใฎใฟ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:34
And, as this article in The Guardian points out,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€The Guardian ใฎใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒ ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
18:37
only around 2% of British people even speak like this.
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ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฎ็ด„ 2% ใ ใ‘ ใŒใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:41
So, if your goal is to sound natural
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใŒ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใง่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
18:44
with British pronunciation, I can't, as a good teacher,
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ใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€
18:48
recommend that you learn posh RP.
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ RP ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:51
And the final T sound actually comes
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ T ใฎ้ŸณใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
18:53
from American pronunciation.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:56
I used to hate it when British actors
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎไฟณๅ„ช
18:59
would start changing the sound of their Ts
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ใŒ
19:02
to an American D sound.
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T ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ D ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅค‰ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:05
An example, an example.
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ไพ‹ใ€ไพ‹ใ€‚
19:07
James Corden, no.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใƒปใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‡ใƒณใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
19:10
Emma Watson, much better.
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ใ‚จใƒžใƒปใƒฏใƒˆใ‚ฝใƒณใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:13
Better.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
19:14
How would Hermione say the word better?
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ใƒใƒผใƒžใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ‹ใƒผใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ†ใพใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
19:18
Let's have a look.
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ใฟใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:19
- Hermione?
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- ใƒใƒผใƒžใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ‹ใƒผ?
19:21
- Never better.
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- ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:23
- Interesting, she uses the true T, better.
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-่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏ็œŸใฎTใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
But how does Emma Watson, in an interview,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚จใƒžใƒปใƒฏใƒˆใ‚ฝใƒณใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
19:30
say the word better?
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
19:32
- It just makes my day better.
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- ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:34
- See, she changes the "tuh" for a "duh" sound.
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-ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ€Œtuhใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œduhใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:37
So, instead of better, it becomes better.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:41
And I used to think, ugh, I hate when British actors move
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ง ใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎไฟณๅ„ช
19:45
to Hollywood, and start changing their "tuh"
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ใŒใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œtuhใ€
19:48
for a "duh" sound, in words like better,
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ใ‚’ใ€Œduhใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅค‰ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใ ใจๆ€ใฃ
19:51
pronouncing it better.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:53
But this is what I spoke about before.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:57
Language evolves.
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่จ€่ชžใฏ้€ฒๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:58
It changes every few years.
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ๆ•ฐๅนดใ”ใจใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:00
And, in recent years, I started noticing British YouTubers.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๅนดใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒฆใƒผใƒใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒผใŒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:05
They started pronouncing the American "duh"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€
20:08
where a "tuh" sound used to be.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€Œtuhใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใ€Œduhใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:11
And then my friends started doing it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใŒใ‚„ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:13
And then I noticed I started doing it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:15
And then, even my mom.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎๆฏใงใ•ใˆใ€‚
20:18
Yeah, it's definitely become more prominent now.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ ไปŠใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ก•่‘—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:21
So, for years, I have taught
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ใ€
20:24
that British English would pronounce it better or better,
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—
20:29
and American English would say better.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–นใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:32
But, I'm officially declaring it now.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฌๅผใซๅฎฃ่จ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:35
It's no longer unBritish to change that T to a D sound.
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ใใฎ T ใ‚’ D ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
20:41
Got it?
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ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:42
You better get it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:43
See, I probably wouldn't say, got it?
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
20:46
Well, you better get it.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:49
For me, the "duh" sound feels more natural now.
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:53
Language changes.
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่จ€่ชžใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:55
And again, just see what works for you.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:58
Maybe you prefer this, doesn't matter.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:01
So, to conclude this lesson, a few points about the T sound.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€T ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:05
God, this is a long lesson.
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็ฅžๆง˜ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใ„ๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:07
If you want to develop a more posh RP speaking style,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ RP ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—
21:11
you'll want to use fewer glottal Ts,
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๅฃฐ้–€ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:14
and they favor a more posh RP T,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€็งใŒ็คบใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ RP T ใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟ
21:19
like that one I showed you,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:21
that always appears in "The Crown".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซใ€ŒThe Crownใ€ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:23
But, like I said, if you want to focus on sounding natural,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ่‡ช็„ถใง
21:29
realistic, and modernly British,
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็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใƒขใƒ€ใƒณใชใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
21:33
then I recommend that you mix it up.
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ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™.
21:37
Mix it up.
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ๆททใœใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
21:38
Mix it up.
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ๆททใœใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
21:39
Try various styles, see what works best for you.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๆœ€้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:44
So, to finish this unit of the course,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎใ“ใฎๅ˜ๅ…ƒใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
21:47
I want you to look at these three sentences here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:51
Think of different ways
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21:53
that you could pronounce the T sounds.
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T ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:56
In all three sentences, you have a lot of options.
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3ใคใฎๆ–‡ ใ™ในใฆใงใ€ๅคšใใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:00
Pause this video, try saying them a few different ways,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญข ใ—ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€
22:03
and make notes about what you prefer,
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ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ€
22:05
what feels natural for you.
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่‡ช็„ถใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใƒกใƒขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:08
Just as a reference, I would pronounce it like this.
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ๅ‚่€ƒใพใงใซใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:12
The first one,
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใฎ 8 ๆœˆ
22:13
it's hotter than a wet August night in Toronto.
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ใฎ้›จใฎๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:16
But again, that's how I'm saying it now.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒไปŠ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:19
That might change, depending who I'm with,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใจไธ€็ท’
22:22
the speed of speech in which I'm talking,
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ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ฉฑใ™้€Ÿๅบฆ
22:26
lots of things, my mood.
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ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชใ“ใจใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:28
The second one, let's have a look.
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2ใค็›ฎใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:31
It's an absolutely great photo of a turtle.
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ซใƒกใฎ็ตถๅฏพใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ†™็œŸใงใ™ใ€‚
22:34
And the third one,
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ใใ—ใฆ3ใค็›ฎ
22:35
a better water bottle for the environment.
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ใฏใ€็’ฐๅขƒใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใƒœใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
22:39
Again, you have lots of options for these three sentences.
458
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏๅคšใใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:44
My job, on this course,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใฎ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏใ€
22:46
is to help you develop your natural speaking style.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ช็„ถใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
22:51
So, pause this video,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€
22:53
practice a few different ways of saying those Ts,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ T ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’
22:56
and then press play when you're ready to say goodbye to me.
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ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใซใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:02
To better follow the videos in this course,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
23:05
download my free ebook, available at papateachme.com.
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papateachme.com ใงๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:09
It's free, same as these videos, all free.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ™ในใฆ็„กๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:13
And that's it.
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ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
23:14
Thanks for watching the first unit of this course,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜ๅ…ƒใ‚’
23:17
and I'll see you in unit two, next Saturday.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑใฎๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅ˜ๅ…ƒ 2 ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:20
See you then.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
23:21
(relaxing music)
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(ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใใ‚‹้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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