The influence of Shakespeare on everyday English

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. This is Gill at www.engvid.com, and today, we're going to be looking at the way William
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:10
Shakespeare, the English playwright and poet, has influenced everyday English today. He
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎๅŠ‡ไฝœๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚Š่ฉฉไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ  ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใŒ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผ
00:20
wrote a lot of plays and quite a lot of poems, and some of the lines from those poems and
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ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆˆฏๆ›ฒใจใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ•ฐใฎ่ฉฉใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฉใ‚„ๆˆฏๆ›ฒใฎใ‚ปใƒชใƒ•ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€
00:28
plays have been used in the English language because they were very influential. So...
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้žๅธธใซๅฝฑ้ŸฟๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง...
00:36
And the way he said things was just very good at expressing something. It may have been
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:43
that people around him were saying all these things, and that it was just... He was the
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ๅฝผใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆ ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
00:50
one to put them down in print, but looking back through all the old books, Shakespeare
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01:00
was the first person to mention all of these. These are just a few examples. He was the
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ใ‚“. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€
01:07
first person to put these actual phrases and words into print. So maybe he heard other
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฐๅˆทใ—ใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎไบบ็‰ฉใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏไป–
01:15
people saying them, but he was the one who wrote them down. Okay? So, let's have a look
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ใฎไบบใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸใฎใฏๅฝผใงใ—ใŸ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:22
through the list.
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ใ€‚
01:23
So... Oh, and there are his dates just to show you how long ago he lived. He was born
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ใใ‚Œใง...ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผ ใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ๅ‰ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฝผใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
01:29
in 1564, died in 1616, so a long, long time ago. So it's quite amazing, really, that some
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1564 ๅนดใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ€1616 ๅนดใซไบกใใชใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
01:39
of what he wrote is actually used in the English language today. So let's have a look.
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ๅฝผใŒๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:46
So, first of all: "a sorry sight". Okay? So, if you see somebody walking along and they...
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใพใšใฏใ€Œๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชๅ…‰ๆ™ฏใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰...
01:56
Maybe they've been caught in the rain or something, or they've fallen over into the mud and they've
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้›จใซ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ใ‹ใ€ๆณฅใฎไธญใซ่ฝใก
02:02
got all their clothes dirty, the look terrible, they haven't eaten for two days and they look
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ใฆๆœใŒๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ 2 ๆ—ฅ้–“้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
02:09
absolutely awful, you could say: "That poor man, he is a sorry sight." "Sorry" meaning
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ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใพใฃใŸใใฒใฉใ„่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎๅ“€ใ‚Œใช็”ทใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใช้ก”ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€ŒSorryใ€
02:18
sort of sad. You feel sorry for him, looking at him. He looks really dishevelled, very
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ใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใซๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใผใ‚ใผใ‚ใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚
02:30
dirty, tired, hungry. "A sorry sight". Okay.
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ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชๅ…‰ๆ™ฏใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:35
Next one: "wearing your heart on your sleeve". Okay? Now, this is your sleeve and here is
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๅฟƒใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ข–ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒ
02:45
your heart. Your heart is inside here. But if you wear your heart on your sleeve, this
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฟƒใ‚’่ข–ใซใพใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:53
is a kind of a metaphor, or an idiom, an expression for showing how you're feeling. Not hiding
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ใฏไธ€็จฎใฎใƒกใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™. ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’้š ใ™ใฎใงใฏ
03:03
your feelings, but making it clear how you feel. So maybe if you've fallen in love with
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ใชใใ€ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:11
somebody and instead of sort of keeping it to yourself and keeping it a secret, you sort
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใซใ—ใฆใŠใใฎใงใฏ
03:18
of make it quite obvious to them, probably in a very embarrassing way. But if you make
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ใชใใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้žๅธธใซๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใซใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
03:26
it very obvious to them that you... That you love them, you're wearing your heart on your
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ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็™ฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใ‚’่ข–ใซ็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:32
sleeve. Okay? Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't, so worth a try if you think so,
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. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ†ใพใใ„ใใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:42
but I don't know. Okay, so that's what that means. Right?
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ใŒใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:51
"In a pickle", if you're in a pickle, you're in trouble. And "pickle" is a kind of preservative
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ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใซใ€ใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใซใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ๅ›ฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆผฌ็‰ฉใ€
04:02
in a jar. So it's like vinegar or something, which preserves food. So, "vinegar". Sometimes
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ใฏ็“ถใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸไฟๅญ˜ๆ–™ใฎไธ€็จฎใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ไฟๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹้…ขใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ้…ขใ€ใ€‚
04:16
you get little onions in vinegar, and they're called pickled onions. Okay? You can buy them
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้…ขๆผฌใ‘ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ฟใƒžใƒใ‚ฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ฟใƒžใƒใ‚ฎใฎใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:25
in the supermarket. So, if you're in a... If you, personally, are in a pickle, it means
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ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใง่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ... ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:32
you're in a lot of vinegar, which isn't a very nice place to be. So that's real trouble.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ้…ขใฎไธญใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
04:39
You don't want to be in a lot of vinegar. So: "in a pickle", that's what that means.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ้…ขใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒซใ‚นใงใ€ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
So you have to get out of it as quickly as possible. So it means in trouble.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ›ฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:54
Okay, next one: "there's method in my madness", and if you've heard of Hamlet, this comes
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ็งใฎ็‹‚ๆฐ—ใฎไธญใซๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒใƒ ใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:00
from that play. Hamlet pretends to be mad. He's not really mad, but he's pretending to
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ใใฎๆˆฏๆ›ฒใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒ ใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใฏๆ€’ใฃใŸใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
05:08
be mad for a certain reason, which I won't explain now; it would take too long. You'll
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็†็”ฑใงๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไปŠใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
notice a lot of m's because Shakespeare is very poetic, and you get a lot of sound patterns,
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ฉฉ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎ m ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎ้Ÿณใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹
05:25
the same letter repeated, which makes it a stronger phrase because of that. "There's
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:32
method in my madness" means you may be behaving in a very strange way, but there's a good
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็งใฎ็‹‚ๆฐ—ใซใฏๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใช
05:40
reason for it. You have a method. There is a reason for behaving like that, which hopefully,
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ†ใฎใซใฏ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:49
it will all work out in the end. But for Hamlet, it didn't really work out. But I'll leave
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ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ™ในใฆใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใƒ ใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆ ใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
05:55
you to find out about that if you don't already know. So he pretends to be mad for his own
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไปปใ›ใพใ™ . ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็†็”ฑใงๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
06:03
reasons, but he's not really mad. Okay. Right?
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:09
So, next one: "too much of a good thing"... So, you can say: "You can have too much of
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ™ใŽใฆใ€โ€ฆ
06:16
a good thing", and I'm sort of thinking about chocolate. Okay? Which I think about a lot.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ™ใŽใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
Chocolate, to me, is a good thing, but you can have too much of it. Okay? And have a
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€
06:37
heart attack or something if you eat too much. So you can have too much of a good thing,
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้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใ‚‹ใจๅฟƒ่‡“็™บไฝœใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใกใ™ใŽใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:43
so don't overdo it. Everything in moderation. Okay?
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ใฎใงใ€็„ก็†ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้ฉๅบฆใซใ™ในใฆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:53
Just a little bit of what you like,
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ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
06:56
a little bit of chocolate or whatever it is you like, but not too much because you can
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•
07:01
have too much of a good thing. Right.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚
07:05
Next one: "to break the ice". This doesn't mean literally if the pond has frozen over,
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œๆฐทใ‚’็ •ใใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€ๆฑ ใŒๅ‡ใ‚Šใคใ„ใฆใ€ไธŠใซๆฐทใŒๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
07:14
there's ice on top, you go and break it, break the ice to get through to the water underneath.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃŠใ— ใ€ๆฐทใ‚’็ •ใ„ใฆไธ‹ใฎๆฐดใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:21
This is a metaphor for getting to know people. If you go to a meeting and there are people
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒกใ‚ฟใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
07:31
that you haven't met before and you're all a bit uncomfortable because you're not quite
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ไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ไบบใŒใ„ใฆใ€
07:37
sure what to say, if somebody then makes a joke and everybody laughs, and people start
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—ใพใšใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใŒ็ฌ‘ใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
to feel happier, and more friendly, and more relaxed - that's... That joke has broken the
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆ
07:52
ice. Okay? Sometimes you might go to a workshop or a seminar where people are discussing things,
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ— ใ‚„ใ‚ปใƒŸใƒŠใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚
08:00
and often, at the beginning you have something called an "icebreaker". All right?
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใฏใ€Œ็ •ๆฐท่ˆนใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:12
That's the same idea, the icebreaker for people to start to feel comfortable with each other.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€… ใŒใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅฟซ้ฉใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ •ๆฐท่ˆนใงใ™ใ€‚
08:19
Okay, so next one: "catch a cold". Now, to catch a cold is when you [sneezes] and your
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ๅผ•ใใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€[ใใ—ใ‚ƒใฟใ‚’ใ—ใฆ]
08:28
nose is streaming, and you've got a sore throat. And, oh, a cold or the flu or something. So:
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้ผปใŒๆตใ‚Œใ€ใฎใฉใŒ็—›ใใชใฃใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€้ขจ้‚ชใ‹ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚ถใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
08:37
"to catch a cold". To me, it sounds very normal. I mean, you catch a ball as well, but to catch
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ใ€ใ€Œ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใ€ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
08:44
a cold. Maybe before this was written down, people said: "To get a cold". I don't know.
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ใ€้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ๅผ•ใใŸใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
08:52
Maybe even the word "cold" wasn't used, but Shakespeare was the first person to write
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ใ€Œๅ†ทใŸใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ•ใˆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆ
08:59
it down. Okay.
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ใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸไบบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:02
Next one: "full circle". If you come full circle, maybe you're out in the country somewhere
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚‹ใ‚Šใจไธ€ๅ‘จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็”ฐ่ˆŽใฎใฉใ“ใ‹
09:08
going for a walk and you get a bit lost, but you keep walking. And you think you're going
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ใ‚’ๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้“ใซ่ฟทใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ใ€ๆญฉใ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
09:14
in a straight line, but what actually happens is you've been going around in a circle, and
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ใฏไธ€็›ด็ทšใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ††ใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
09:21
when you get back to where you started, you say: "We've come full circle." Okay?
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ๅ…ƒใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆˆปใฃใŸใจใใซใ€ ใ€ŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ††ใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:29
Next one: "A heart of gold". If someone has a heart of gold, it means they're a very kind
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ๆฌกใฏใ€Œ้‡‘ใฎๅฟƒใ€ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้‡‘ใฎๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใใฎไบบใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
09:36
person. Okay? Gold being a valuable metal. "A heart of gold" means a really good person.
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. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้‡‘ใฏ่ฒด้‡ใช้‡‘ๅฑžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ้‡‘ใฎๅฟƒใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ไบบใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:47
If someone is "hot-blooded", they can get angry very quickly, or they get into fights,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็†ฑ่ก€ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ™ใใซๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
09:55
that sort of thing. Their blood that is in their veins and arteries is hot, not... Well,
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้™่„ˆใจๅ‹•่„ˆใซๆตใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ก€ ใฏ็†ฑใใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...ใพใ‚
10:03
it is hot anyway, but if they're hot-blooded, it means they have a strong temper; they can
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ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ็†ฑใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€็†ฑ่ก€ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅผทใ„ๆฐ—ๆ€งใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
10:09
get angry easily and get into fights.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
"Housekeeping", again is the... Shakespeare was the first person, apparently, to put this
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Š... ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ข ใฏใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅฐๅˆทใ—ใŸไบบ็‰ฉ
10:20
word in print, and it means as you probably know: looking after the house, cleaning, cooking,
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎถใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ€ๆŽƒ้™คใ€ๆ–™็†ใ€
10:29
keeping things tidy, dusting, all the housekeeping that needs to be done to keep the place nice.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎๆ•ด้ “ใ€ใปใ“ใ‚Šใฎ้™คๅŽปใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ„ใซไฟใคใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
10:38
If you say: "It's Greek to me", it means you don't understand something. If you're reading
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€ŒIt's Greek to meใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
10:45
a book, it may not literally be in Greek, but you can say: "It's Greek to me", meaning:
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ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
10:52
"I don't understand it", because most people, unless they are Greek or have studied Greek,
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใ€ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชž
11:00
will not understand Greek. Okay.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:06
"Seen better days". If something has seen better days, like a chair, if you have a favourite
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ—ฅใ€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ๆค…ๅญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ
11:12
chair that you sit in but you've had it for maybe 20 years and it's not new anymore, it's
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ๆค…ๅญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 20 ๅนดใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚‚ใ†ๆ–ฐๅ“ใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œ
11:21
a bit worn, a bit maybe not very clean looking - you can say: "This chair has seen better
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ™ใ‚Šๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใใ‚Œใ„ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใ“ใฎๆค…ๅญใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„
11:31
days." Okay.
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ๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:33
And then, finally, you may have heard this term: "star-crossed lovers". It comes from
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่ถŠใˆใŸๆ‹ไบบใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
11:39
the play Romeo... Romeo and Juliet, which is one of the most famous of Shakespeare's
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ใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฎๆˆฏๆ›ฒใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆœ‰ๅใชๅŠ‡ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒญใƒŸใ‚ช... ใƒญใƒŸใ‚ชใจใ‚ธใƒฅใƒชใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—
11:47
plays. They are star-crossed, because they are very unlucky. Very bad things happen to
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ้‹ใชใฎใงใ€ๆ˜ŸใŒไบคๅทฎใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ
11:54
them, so they don't live to a very old age, because they have a bad... Bad fortune, bad
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ่€ๅพŒใพใง็”Ÿใใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:05
luck. So: "star-crossed lovers", the stars up there, horoscopes, signs of the zodiac,
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่ถŠใˆใŸๆ‹ไบบใ€ใ€ ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜Ÿใ€ๆ˜Ÿๅ ใ„ใ€ๅนฒๆ”ฏใฎๅ…†ๅ€™ใ€
12:14
that sort of the thing is the idea behind this; astrology. Okay.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ ใ“ใฎ่ƒŒๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ ๆ˜Ÿ่ก“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
12:20
Right, so that's our selective list of words and phrases from Shakespeare which are still
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎๅŽณ้ธใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒชใ‚นใƒˆ
12:28
used in the English language today. I hope you found it interesting. If you'd like to
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ใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™. ้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:33
answer a quiz on this topic, please go to the website: www.engvid.com,
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
12:39
and come and see us again soon. Okay? Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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