How to Stop Translating in Your Head

556,244 views ใƒป 2022-05-17

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
So for the last few days,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใ€
00:02
I've been thinking about one question
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็งใฏ่ฆ–่ด่€…ใŒๅ…ˆ้€ฑๅฐ‹ใญใŸ1ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
00:04
that a viewer asked last week.
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ใ€‚
00:05
And it's the question,
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€
00:07
how do I stop translating in my head?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ็งใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:10
Sometimes when you're learning a language like English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
00:13
when you hear something or read something,
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ใจใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
00:15
the first thing you do is
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
00:17
you try to translate it in your head, word for word,
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€้ ญใฎไธญใงไธ€่ชžไธ€่ชž็ฟป่จณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ
00:20
so that you can understand what you've read
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ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:22
or what you've heard.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
And this just isn't efficient,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŠน็Ž‡็š„ใงใฏใชใใ€
00:25
it takes so much time to translate.
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็ฟป่จณใซ้žๅธธใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
And if you're having a conversation,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
00:30
it can be kind of awkward
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00:32
because after someone says something to you in English,
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅพŒ
00:35
you pause for a bit while you translate in your head.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅŽ„ไป‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:38
So, in this English lesson,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
00:39
I'm going to look at a few different ideas and techniques.
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ใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใจใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
00:42
I'm going to look at a few things that you can do
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่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
00:45
to stop translating in your head,
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ใซใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:47
when you hear English or when you read it.
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ใ€‚
00:49
(upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ
00:55
One thing that I would recommend
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๏ผ‰็งใŒใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ1ใค
00:57
is that you do something called overloading.
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ใฏใ€ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Overloading is when you do more than one thing
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใจใฏใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†
01:01
at the same time,
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01:02
and when you're learning a language,
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ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ
01:04
it can be good to read while you're listening.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ชญใ‚€ใจใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
So, if you can find a book to read
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชญใ‚€ๆœฌ
01:10
and if you can find the audio book,
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ใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ดใ
01:12
you can read the book while you're listening to it.
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ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:15
What this does is it makes your brain very, very busy
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ
01:19
and you don't have time to stop and translate.
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ใ—ใ€็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:22
You might not understand everything you're reading
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
01:25
but that's okay for this activity.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
01:28
The other thing it does is that
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š
01:30
you don't get to set the speed
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ใ™ใ‚‹้€Ÿๅบฆใ‚’่จญๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:33
at which you are reading and listening to the English.
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ใ€‚
01:36
As you play the audio,
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใฎ้€Ÿๅบฆ
01:37
you're forced to go at the speed of the audio,
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ใง็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
01:41
so stopping feels like something that you're not able to do.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅœๆญข ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
So, overloading is a technique where
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ
01:47
you do two things at the same time,
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ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ชญๆ›ธใจใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ„ใ†2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
01:48
usually reading and listening
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01:50
and it just makes your brain really really busy
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่กŒใ†ๆ‰‹ๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่„ณใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ
01:53
and unable to stop and translate.
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ใชใ‚Šใ€ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
Again, you might not understand everything
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
01:59
you're reading and hearing,
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02:00
but if you choose a book that's at the right level
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถ ใฎใซ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๆœฌใ‚’้ธใถใชใ‚‰
02:04
for where you're at in learning English,
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ใ€
02:07
I think this technique will help you a lot.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคงใ„ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Another thing you can do to stop translating in your mind
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸ
02:13
is to oversaturate part of your day with English,
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ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง้Ž้ฃฝๅ’Œ
02:16
or do what I would call long listening.
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใŒ้•ทใ„้–“่žใใ“ใจใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
When you listen to a song, it's short
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ๆ›ฒใ‚’่ดใใจใใฏ็Ÿญใ
02:21
and hopefully you're able to understand some of it,
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ใ€็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™
02:24
but when you listen to a podcast
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ใŒใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆ
02:26
or when you listen to an audio book,
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ใ‚’่ดใใจใใ‚„ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ดใใจใ
02:28
it's usually a lot longer,
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ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้•ทใใ€
02:30
it might be an hour or an hour and a half.
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1ๆ™‚้–“ใพใŸใฏ1ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠใ€‚
02:33
When you do long listening,
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้•ทๆ™‚้–“่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ
02:35
your brain gets a little bit tired
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ใ€่„ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็–ฒใ‚Œใฆ
02:38
and you might forget at some point
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ใ—ใพใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚น
02:40
to actively translate in your mind.
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ใง็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:43
If what you're listening to is at
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹
02:46
or close to your level of what you can understand,
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใใ‚Œใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใ€
02:49
eventually your brain will just quietly stop translating,
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใฏ ้™ใ‹ใซ็ฟป่จณใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ—
02:53
and you'll sort of understand what's happening.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
02:56
I can remember the first time this happened to me,
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:58
I'm a French learner,
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’
02:59
and one time I was watching a French TV show,
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่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใซ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„
03:02
a number of years ago,
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03:04
and all of a sudden I realized that 10 minutes had gone by
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ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ช็„ถ 10ๅˆ†ใŒ็ตŒ้Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ตทใ“ใฃ
03:08
and I had understood most of what had happened
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ใŸใ“ใจใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’็†่งฃใ—
03:11
and I hadn't translated anything in my mind.
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ใฆใ„ ใฆใ€็งใฏ้ ญใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‚‚็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:14
So, another thing you can try is to oversaturate part
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจ ใฏ
03:17
of your day, or do some long listening,
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’้Ž้ฃฝๅ’Œใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้•ทใ„้–“่žใ„ใฆใ€
03:20
do something like that where at some point,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใง
03:22
you kind of forget that you're listening to English
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ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆ
03:26
and your brain might automatically start to just understand
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใŒ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ็†่งฃใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
03:29
what you're hearing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
03:31
Another technique to stop translating in your mind
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏ
03:33
is called forced description,
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ใฏใ€ๅผทๅˆถ็š„ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€
03:36
or as I like to call it, talking to yourself.
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ใพใŸใฏ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
This is when you sit somewhere, like on a park bench,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใฎใƒ™ใƒณใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€
03:42
or maybe just sit at a mall or at a restaurant,
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ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซ ใƒขใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
03:45
and you describe what you're seeing
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03:47
either in your mind quietly or out loud,
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ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟซ้ฉใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฟƒใฎไธญใง้™ใ‹ใซใพใŸใฏๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
03:50
if you're comfortable doing that.
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ใ€‚
03:52
And you force yourself to only use words you know,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ† ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅผทๅˆถใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
03:56
so you look around you and if you see a man with a dog,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆ
03:59
you say, I see a man with a dog.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ€็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:02
If you see a man with some other kind of animal
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ไป–ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”ทๆ€งใ‚’่ฆ‹
04:04
and you don't know the name of it,
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ใฆใ€ใใฎๅๅ‰ใŒ
04:06
you just don't describe that thing.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:08
So, what you're doing is you're forcing yourself
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏใ€
04:11
to use the words you already know,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทๅˆถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:14
so memorizing a lot of vocabulary is obviously
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ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹
04:17
a good idea as well, but don't try to describe things,
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ใซ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใŒใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:21
if you don't know the words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
04:23
This forces you to use the words you know,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจ
04:25
to think in English,
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
04:27
and to not translate at all
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ใใ—ใฆๅ…จใ็ฟป่จณใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅผทใ„ใ‚‹
04:29
while you're describing your surroundings.
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ใ€‚ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹
04:31
Another really cool technique that you can use
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ ๆ‰‹ๆณ•
04:33
is something called shadowing.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:36
This is where you watch a video or listen to something,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:39
and after the person says something,
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็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅพŒใ€
04:41
you hit pause and you say it yourself out loud.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:44
This is mostly meant
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธปใซ
04:46
to help you practice your pronunciation.
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ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
But it has an interesting side effect as well,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
04:51
because you're listening to English
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ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ
04:52
and then saying it out loud immediately,
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ใ™ใใซๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„
04:55
and then hitting play and listening
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ใ€ๆฌกใซๅ†็”Ÿ
04:57
and then pause and saying it out loud,
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ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
04:59
you actually stop translating in your mind
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚
05:02
while you're doing it.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Because you're focusing on listening and pronunciation,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใจ็™บ้Ÿณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:06
you forget to translate.
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็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
So again, you might not 100% understand everything
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไบบใŒ่จ€ใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’100๏ผ…็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„
05:13
the person is saying,
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05:14
you might only understand 70 or 80% of it,
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใฎ70ใพใŸใฏ80๏ผ…ใ—ใ‹็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
05:18
but because you're busy listening and speaking,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Š
05:21
you forget to translate while you're doing it,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€
05:23
which is a good thing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚
05:24
So I just mentioned that knowing
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:26
a lot of vocabulary is a good idea,
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ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆ
05:28
there's a technique though that you can use
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ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใชใŒใ‚‰ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:31
while learning vocabulary
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05:32
which will help you to stop translating in your mind,
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ใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
05:35
and it's called visualization.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆ–่ฆšๅŒ–ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
When you learn a new word in English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่ชžใง
05:40
if you are able to try to picture
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05:43
the meaning of that word in your mind,
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05:45
instead of learning the equivalent word
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ๅŒ็ญ‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’้ ญใฎไธญใงๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐ
05:48
in your own language.
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ใ€‚
05:49
This is a very powerful technique,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:52
it helps you to distance yourself from your own language,
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰่ท้›ขใ‚’็ฝฎใใฎ
05:56
and it helps you to start thinking in English.
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ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:59
So, if you learn a new word like dump truck,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ—ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ
06:02
try to picture a dump truck in your mind,
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ใฏใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง
06:04
or look up a picture of a dump truck on the internet,
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ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ—ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใงใƒ€ใƒณใƒ—ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆคœ็ดขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใƒ—ใƒˆใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏ
06:08
or even draw a little picture of a dump truck.
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ใฎๅฐใ•ใช็ตตใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใฟใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:11
When you memorize the word in English
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ
06:14
and then the word in your own language,
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€
06:16
you're almost forcing yourself to translate in your mind
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅผทๅˆถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
06:20
whenever you hear that word.
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ใ€‚
06:21
But if you can learn words
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ˜่ชž
06:23
and if you are able to visualize the meaning,
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ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ–่ฆšๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€
06:26
it will help you to stop translating in your mind.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:29
As soon as you possibly can
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06:31
on your English learning journey,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎๆ—…ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซใ€
06:33
you should get an English only dictionary.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใฟใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:36
A dictionary where you can find the word in English
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชž
06:38
and the definition,
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ใจใใฎๅฎš็พฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่พžๆ›ธใ€‚
06:40
and if you don't have an actual dictionary,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่พžๆ›ธใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
06:42
use an online dictionary that is English only.
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใฟใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:45
When you first start learning a language,
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ
06:47
it's nice to have a French English dictionary,
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ใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชž่‹ฑ่ชž่พžๆ›ธ
06:49
or a Japanese English dictionary,
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ใ‚„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชž่พžๆ›ธใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
06:51
they're very helpful because you can look up
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ใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™
06:54
what a word means in your own language,
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ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่ชžใงๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™
06:56
but they are actually not a good idea
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:58
once you've reached a certain level,
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ไธ€ๅฎšใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ้”ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
07:01
because when you do that,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€
07:02
you're actually training your brain
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅธธใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่„ณใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:04
to translate all the time.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
So, as soon as you possibly can,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ
07:08
get an English only dictionary,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใฟใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ™ใ‚‹
07:10
or if you don't wanna buy an actual dictionary,
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ใ‹ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ
07:12
there are plenty of English only dictionaries online,
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ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใฟใฎ่พžๆ›ธใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Š
07:16
start using that as soon as you possibly can
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07:19
in your English learning journey.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎๆ—…ใงใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€‚
07:21
So, you might be thinking to yourself
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
07:22
if you've been watching my video lessons for a while that,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€
07:26
I've said all these things before and you would be correct.
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็งใฏๅ‰ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:29
I've said most of what I've said in this video,
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
07:31
in other videos,
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ใ‚„ไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง
07:33
but I'm saying it again because repetition,
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
07:36
doing things over and over again
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ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆ
07:38
or hearing things over and over again,
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ใ‚‚่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
07:40
is part of the learning process.
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ใฏๅญฆ็ฟ’ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
It's just kind of how humans work.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบบ้–“ใฎๅƒใๆ–นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸ
07:44
It would be awesome,
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07:45
if you could just know something after reading it once
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ใ ใ‘ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
07:48
or hearing it once,
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ใ€
07:49
but it doesn't always work that way.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใใ†ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:51
So, repetition is one of the last recommendations
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฏ
07:55
I'm going to give you.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
07:56
In order to stop translating in your mind,
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ๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
07:58
if you reread things,
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ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟ็›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
08:00
or if you listen to something over and over again,
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:03
eventually your brain stops actively translating it.
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ใ‚„ใŒใฆ่„ณใฏ ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซ็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
Eventually you'll understand what you're hearing
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ
08:11
without your brain needing to convert it
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ใ€่„ณใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่ชžใซๅค‰ๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ—ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:13
into your own language, so do that.
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ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:15
If you can reread something,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟ็›ดใ™ใ“ใจใŒ
08:17
if you can listen to something over and over again,
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ใงใใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
08:19
do it, add repetition into your learning.
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ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:22
Hey, thanks so much for watching this little English lesson
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ใญใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
08:25
about how to stop translating in your mind
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ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใง็ฟป่จณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹
08:27
when you're reading English or listening to English,
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08:30
I hope it helped you a little bit.
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ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:32
Once again, if this is your first time here,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณ
08:34
don't forget to click that subscribe button
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ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:36
and give me a thumbs up
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08:37
if this video helped you learn a little bit of English.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใถใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:39
And if you have the time
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ
08:41
and you don't know what to do next,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใ
08:43
why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson.
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆๅˆฅใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
08:46
(upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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