How to De-emphasize (Soften) English Sentences

38,554 views ใƒป 2022-02-01

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Have you ever noticed that English speakers
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซใ€
00:01
sometimes add an extra word or two
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1ใ€2่ชžไฝ™ๅˆ†ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸ
00:04
when they want to emphasize what they're talking about?
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:07
I could say right now, "It's really cold out here today."
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ไปŠใฏใ€Œ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฏ’ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:10
I add the word really to emphasize the sentence,
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ๆ–‡
00:13
and the meaning of the sentence.
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ใจๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
But we also add words and phrases
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใพใŸใ€
00:17
to de-emphasize what we're talking about,
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
00:20
to kind of tone down what we're talking about.
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ใ‚’ไธ€็จฎใฎใƒˆใƒผใƒณใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:23
What I should actually say is this,
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็งใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€
00:25
"It's a little bit cold out here today."
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฏ’ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:28
So I wanna take a little bit of time today
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃ
00:30
to talk about words and phrases we use
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00:33
to kind of tone down a sentence,
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ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒผใƒณใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:35
to kind of de-emphasize what we're talking about.
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่ฉฑใ—ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
And I just used a couple words there twice,
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ใใ“ใซ2ใ€3่ชžไฝฟใฃใŸใ ใ‘
00:41
did you notice that?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
I said, "It's a little bit cold."
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฏ’ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:44
So that means it's not super cold,
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ใคใพใ‚Š
00:46
it's not so cold that I need a toque,
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅฏ’ใใฏใชใใ€ใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏๅธฝใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใปใฉๅฏ’ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:48
but it's a little bit cold, so I'm wearing my gloves.
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ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฏ’ใ„ ใฎใงใ€ๆ‰‹่ข‹ใ‚’ใฏใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—
00:51
And I said I wanted to talk to you for a little bit,
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่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใฎใง
00:54
which means I don't wanna talk for an hour about this,
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ใ€1ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ่ฉฑใ—
00:57
but let's take a few minutes to talk about words and phrases
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ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ๅผท่ชฟ
01:00
that you can use to kind of de-emphasize what you're saying.
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ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
01:03
(lively upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆดปๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
01:09
Sometimes when you're learning a language like English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
01:11
you might say, "I am confused."
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:14
But maybe you're not totally confused.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:16
Maybe you don't want to communicate
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01:19
that you're really confused
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„
01:21
and don't understand at all what's going on,
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ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใพใฃใŸใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ
01:23
maybe you're just a little bit confused.
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ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:26
And in that situation,
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€
01:27
there's three ways you can describe that,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ3ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
01:28
I just used one of them.
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็งใฏใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:30
You could say, "I am a bit confused."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
You could say, "I am a little confused."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
And you could say, "I am a little bit confused."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็ง ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
You could use both words together.
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ไธกๆ–นใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
And you probably recognize those words
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ็ดนไป‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:41
from the introduction to this video,
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ใ€‚
01:43
where I used them to talk about
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ใใ“ใง็งใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฏ’ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
01:45
the fact that it was a little bit cold out here.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:48
So sometimes you want to state something like,
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚
01:50
"I am confused,"
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ใ€ใ€Œๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉ
01:51
but sometimes you want to soften it a little bit.
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ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:54
You want to de-emphasize what you're saying,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—
01:57
and you would say it using those three words.
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ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใฟใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
"I am a bit confused, I am a little confused,"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€
02:02
or, "I am a little bit confused."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
02:05
I'm pretty healthy, and most days I can walk,
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็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฅๅบทใงใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ—ฅใฏๆญฉใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ
02:09
but there are times where I exercise really hard
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02:12
on a certain day.
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
And then the next day, instead of saying,
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ใใ—ใฆ็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ€ใ€Œๆญฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
02:15
"I can walk," I would say, "I can hardly walk."
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ใ€Œ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆญฉใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Do you ever have that, where you exercise so much
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้‹ๅ‹•้‡ใŒๅคšใ™ใŽ
02:21
that your muscles are really sore,
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ใฆ็ญ‹่‚‰ใŒ็—›ใใชใ‚Šใ€ๆ™ฎ้€š
02:23
and then instead of walking normally, you're like, "Oh."
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ใซๆญฉใไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š ใซใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
02:27
Maybe your back is sore, maybe your legs are sore,
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่ƒŒไธญใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ ่ถณใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ๆญฉใใซใใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:30
and it's difficult to walk.
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ใ€‚
02:31
So instead of saying, "I can walk,"
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
02:34
meaning that you can totally walk and everything's great,
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญฉใใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
02:37
you would modify the phrase a little bit
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ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใšใซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—
02:39
using the word hardly,
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02:41
and you would say, "I can hardly walk."
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆญฉใใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:43
Usually it takes me about one more day
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ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏใ‚ใจ1ๆ—ฅใใ‚‰ใ„ใง
02:45
and then I can walk again,
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ใพใŸๆญฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
02:47
and then I started exercising again.
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ใพใŸ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:48
Sometimes my oldest son goes out
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ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใฎ้•ท็”ทใŒๅค–ๅ‡บ
02:50
and he doesn't come home on time.
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ใ—ใฆๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
02:53
Instead of coming home at midnight,
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็œŸๅคœไธญใซๅธฐๅฎ…ใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š
02:54
he comes home at one or two in the morning.
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ใซใ€ๆœใฎ1ๆ™‚ใ‹2ๆ™‚ใซๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
As a parent, I am concerned when that happens,
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่ฆชใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฟƒ้…ใงใ™ใŒใ€
03:01
but I should actually say this instead.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
"I am slightly concerned."
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฟƒ้…ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:05
I'm not as concerned as I used to be.
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็งใฏไปฅๅ‰ใปใฉๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:08
When my son was younger,
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็งใฎๆฏๅญใŒ่‹ฅใ„
03:09
when he was 16 or 17 and he went out,
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้ ƒใ€16ๆญณใ‹17ๆญณใงๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใŸ
03:11
if he didn't come home on time,
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ใจใใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๅธฐๅฎ…ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃ
03:13
I would say, "I am concerned."
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฟƒ้…ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
I am worried about what he's doing.
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ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅฟƒ้…ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
But as he has gotten older,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒๅนดใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€
03:19
he's a lot more responsible and I'm not as worried.
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ๅฝผใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่ฒฌไปปใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:22
I'm not as concerned,
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„
03:23
so I would modify the sentence by adding the word slightly,
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ใฎใง ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—
03:27
and I would just say, "I am slightly concerned."
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ใ€ ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
Actually, at this point in time,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏใ€
03:31
I'm usually not concerned at all.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:33
By the time a child is that old,
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ๅญไพ›ใŒใใ‚“ใชใซๅนดใ‚’ใจใ‚‹้ ƒใซใฏใ€
03:36
I guess he's not even really a child anymore.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅญไพ›ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
Once someone is in their twenties,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ20ไปฃ
03:40
I think parents should stop worrying about them.
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ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธก่ฆชใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
But you know what?
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03:42
I don't think parents ever stop worrying about their kids,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚“ใชใซๅนดใ‚’
ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ฆชใŒๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
03:45
no matter how old they are.
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ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
Hey, Bob here. Who's this?
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ใญใˆใ€ใƒœใƒ–ใ“ใ“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:51
Ah, sorry, I can barely hear you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:53
You're in a, oh, you're in a tunnel.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
Yeah, yeah, I can barely hear you.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:59
I can just hear you a little bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
You're almost out, okay.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใใงใ™ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ
04:03
Oh, there we go. Yep, I can hear you now, definitely.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆ ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
Hey, I'm in the middle of making a video,
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ใญใˆใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ไธญใชใฎใงใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใใฆใฏใ„ใ‘
04:07
so I gotta go, okay?
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:09
Okay, bye.
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ไบ†่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
04:10
Hey, (chuckles) sometimes when,
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ใญใˆใ€๏ผˆ็ฌ‘ใ„ๅฃฐ๏ผ‰ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
04:12
that was just a pretend phone call,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใŸใ ใฎใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใŸ้›ป่ฉฑใ ใฃใŸใจใใ€
04:13
I didn't really hang up on a friend of mine,
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€
04:16
that was just for demonstration purposes.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใƒ‡ใƒขใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:18
But sometimes when you're on the phone,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้›ป่ฉฑ
04:20
it's hard to hear the other person.
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎๅฃฐใŒ่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใซใใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
When you can hear them, you say, "I can hear you,"
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่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€Œ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„
04:25
but when you are having trouble,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ›ฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
04:26
you would say something like, "I can barely hear you."
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ใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
When you add the word barely, it de-emphasizes the sentence.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ‹ใ‚ใ†ใ˜ใฆ่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
It kind of tones down the meaning of the word to hear,
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€่žใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’
04:37
and it means that you're having trouble
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04:38
hearing what they're saying.
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ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
Sometimes this happens when they're in a tunnel,
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒณใƒใƒซๅ†…ใซใ„ใ‚‹
04:42
or when they're in an area with bad reception,
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ใจใใ€ ๅ—ไฟก็Šถๆ…‹ใฎๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€
04:44
or maybe they're just not talking loud enough.
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ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซ ๅๅˆ†ใซๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
In that case, you would say, "I can barely hear you."
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:49
Sometimes in life, people give you good news,
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฎไธญใงๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไบบใ€… ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่‰ฏใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
04:52
and you say, "I am happy."
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
The news that you received makes you happy
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅนธใ›ใซใ—
04:56
and you say, "I am happy."
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
But sometimes you receive news
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใชใŸ
05:00
that makes you a little bit happy,
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅนธใ›ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
05:02
and doesn't make you 100% happy
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ใใ—ใฆ
05:04
because there's a few things you're concerned about.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’100๏ผ…ๅนธใ›ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
05:07
In that case, you can use the word somewhat.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
You could say, "I am somewhat happy."
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚„ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
So maybe something is happening
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:14
in the life of one of your relatives,
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ใ€่ฆชๆˆšใฎไธ€ไบบใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃ
05:16
and it's sort of a good thing,
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
05:17
but it's not totally a good thing.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:19
And if someone said, "How do you feel about that?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
05:21
you could say, "I am somewhat happy."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅนพๅˆ†ๅนธใ›ใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:24
So that means that you're happy,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›
05:26
but you have a few concerns about it.
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ‡ธๅฟตใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
So you modify it with the word somewhat
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
05:30
and it kind of diminishes the meaning of the word happy.
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ใ€ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆธ›ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
So it still means you're a little bit happy,
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ใคใพใ‚Š
05:36
like our first modifier from earlier,
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ใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฟฎ้ฃพๅญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
05:38
but you're not 100% happy about it.
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100๏ผ…ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡็ซ 
05:41
There are two phrases we use a lot
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05:43
when we want to de-emphasize a sentence in English,
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ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใจใใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†
05:46
and those phrases are "kind of" and "sort of."
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏ ใ€Œ็จฎ้กžใ€ใจใ€Œ็จฎ้กžใ€ใฎ2ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
When I'm hungry, I say, "I am hungry."
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ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ŒใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
When I'm tired, I say, "I am tired."
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็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
But if I wanted to say that I'm not super hungry
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใŒ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„
05:57
and I'm not super tired, I would probably say this,
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ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€
06:00
"I am kind of hungry" or, "I am sort of hungry,"
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใŠ่…นใŒใ™ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:03
or "I am kind of tired," or, "I am sort of tired."
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็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€
06:07
It just means that you are tired, you are hungry,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ€็ฉบ่…นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
06:09
but not in like an incredible way.
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ใŒใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:12
Like I'm not ravenous
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06:13
where I just wanna eat six hamburgers
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ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’6ใค้ฃŸในใฆ
06:15
and then sleep for 12 hours.
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ใ€12ๆ™‚้–“ๅฏใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใซใ€่ฒชๆฌฒใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:17
Instead, it just means that, yeah, I could eat,
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€
06:19
I'm kind of hungry, or yeah, I could have a nap,
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็งใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ็ฉบ่…นใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใˆใˆใ€็งใฏๆ˜ผๅฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€
06:22
I'm sort of tired.
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็งใฏไธ€็จฎใฎ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
So those are two phrases, you'll hear these a lot.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ2ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
We use these all the time when we're speaking English,
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็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€
06:29
and they definitely are used
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ใใ—ใฆ
06:30
when you want to de-emphasize the meaning of a sentence.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใจใใซ้–“้•ใ„ใชใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:33
Well, thank you so much
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ใ•ใฆใ€
06:34
for watching this little English lesson,
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ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟใˆใ‚‹
06:36
where I hope you learned a few new phrases
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:39
that you can use in your next English conversation.
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ใ€‚
06:42
Remember, if you're new here,
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ใ“ใ“ใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
06:43
don't forget to click that red subscribe button over there
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่ตคใ„่ณผ่ชญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:45
and give me a thumbs up
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06:46
if this video helped you learn a bit more English.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:49
And of course, if you have the time,
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
06:51
why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅ›ž่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:54
(lively upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆดปๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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