Rising Intonation - English Pronunciation with JenniferESL

We have a basket of small musical instruments,

楽器入れのバスケットに これがあったのを思い出しました

and I almost forgot that we have this.

A slide whistle. Listen.

スライド笛です

[plays]

Do you hear how smoothly the sound changes?

スムーズな音ですよね

From a high pitch to a low pitch.

高音と低音の音変化が とてもなめらかで

A low pitch to a high pitch?

It's very different from the sounds we get from a keyboard.

キーボードとは だいぶ違う音色です

Listen and compare.

比べてみましょう

[plays scale]

On a keyboard it's more like stepping with our fingers, right?

キーボードは指で ステップを踏むようですね

But with a slide whistle, the changes in pitch

スライド笛の音変化は

are more similar to gliding because it's very smooth.

なだらかにグライディングして とてもスムーズです

In our first lesson, we talked about stepping and gliding.

前回はステッピングと グライディングを学びました

We focused on falling intonation.

下降イントネーションを学ぶのは とても大切です

And that's an important intonation pattern to learn

because without it you won't sound certain...

上がり調子だと不確かさや 自信のなさが伝わります

you may not sound confident..

and people won't know when you're finished speaking...

話し終えたことを相手に 伝えるのも下降の役割です

So it's worth learning.

However, there are times when we need to make our voice rise in pitch.

語尾を上がり調子にする イントネーションもあります

And that's what we're going to focus on now.

これから学ぶ 上昇イントネーションです

Rising intonation.

[title]

Rising intonation is used with many questions, especially yes-no questions.

上昇イントネーションはおもに イエス・ノー疑問文で使われます

Those are questions that can be answered with a simple yes or no.

イエスかノーで簡単に 答えられる質問です

Are you coming?

Can you help?

As with falling intonation, rising intonation makes use of stepping and gliding.

下降イントネーションと同じで

ステッピングと グライディングで表現します

Step up when you have more than one syllable to work with.

ステップアップするのは ２つ以上の音節です

COMing? Are you COMing?

Each unstressed syllable after a stressed one

ストレスのある音節の 後ろの音節をつかって

is a chance to step up even higher in pitch.

さらに語尾を 高めることもできます

Are you coming?

Are you coming now?

Are you coming anytime soon?

Notice how those adverbs of time are not stressed.

副詞は強調されません

They're content words, but the verb is the more important word.

強調されるのは動詞です

So I place emphasis on "coming."

「coming」が強調されます

Are you COMing now?

Are you COMing anytime soon?

We glide up when we have only one syllable to work with.

音節が１つのときは クライディングで表現します

That's one stressed syllable and no following unstressed syllables.

その音節にストレスが置かれ 後ろに音節はつづきません

Can you help?

Both with stepping and gliding there's a bit of a drop before we rise.

ステッピングもグライディングも 上昇の前に軽く声を下げます

Listen again.

聞いてください

Rising intonation can express doubt, uncertainty, and incompletion.

上昇イントネーションは疑問 不確かさや不完全を表現します

It's not a bad thing necessarily.

悪い意味ではなく

In fact, rising intonation can be a helpful signal that we need an answer.

語尾を上げることで 相手に回答をうながせます

Are you coming?

I need confirmation. Yes or no?

上昇イントネーションで 疑問を表現すれば

Sometimes we use rising intonation to turn a basic statement into a question

相手に回答を求められます

because we need confirmation.

So grammatically the sentence looks like a statement.

文法は通常文と同じですが

But our voice signals our listener that we're asking a question.

声の調子を変えて 相手に質問を投げかけます

You said he's coming?

He really did that?

She came?

A stronger rise can express more doubt or more uncertainty.

語尾をさらに強めれば 疑問がより強調されます

Listen.

聞いてください

Similarly, we can repeat a wh- question with rising intonation.

WH疑問文でも 語尾を上げることがあります

We might do this because we didn't hear the answer the first time.

答えを聞きのがしたり 答えに疑いがあるときに使います

Or maybe we didn't believe the answer.

Let me give you two examples.

例を２つ紹介します

When is he coming?

I ask my wh- question the first time with falling intonation.

下降イントネーションで WH疑問文を言いました

When is he coming?

I repeat it.

リピートします

When is he coming?

I'm going up.

語尾を上げます

I'm also changing my focus word.

フォーカス・ワードも変わります

Instead of the final content word, I really want the basic information: when?

最後の内容語でなく 最初の「When」を強調します

So I change my focus word. It's not at the beginning.

最初のフォーカス・ワードから

So I have more syllables to work with, and I can keep climbing to a higher pitch.

最後にむかって 段階的に声を高めていきます

When is he coming?

OR: When did you say he's coming?

if I use just the single word, one syllable, I glide: When?

音節が１つだけなら 語尾をあげます

Here's our second example.

次の例です

Who said that?

Falling intonation the first time I ask the question.

下降イントネーションで 質問しました

But if I repeat it:

でもリピートするとーー

Who said that?

Rising intonation.

語尾が上がります

I also changed the focus word the second time.

フォーカス・ワードも変わります

I'm emphasizing WHO and all other words take me higher in pitch.

「WHO」に強調が置かれ 語尾はより高い音になります

Who said that?

If I only use the question word, I have one syllable, so I glide: Who?

疑問詞だけなら語尾を上げます

Try repeating after me.

リピートしてください

First, we'll step up from a stressed syllable.

ストレスの音節からの ステップアップです

Listen for the drop before we rise.

上がるまえに少し下がります

Now we'll glide up on a single stressed syllable

次は音節が１つの グライドアップです

Listen for that little drop before we rise.

上がるまえに少し下がります

Remember to practice on your own.

練習を忘れずに

Compare your speech to mine.

比較もしてくださいね

Here are the 10 model sentences again.

10の例文をおさらいします

I'll say each one once.

各文を一度ずつ言います

That's all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies!

よく頑張りましたね ご視聴ありがとうございました