Using English Prepositions - Lesson 6: During, Over, Throughout - Part 1 (time)

37,833 views ใƒป 2015-06-24

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Do you watch TV first thing in the morning?
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ๆœไธ€็•ชใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:13
Maybe you watch more TV at night.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคœใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
Does the amount of TV you watch depend on the time of day
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎ้‡ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏ
00:21
or the time of the year it is?
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ใ‚„ๆ™‚ๆœŸใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
00:24
For my son, it does.
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็งใฎๆฏๅญใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
I'll let you listen and find out
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่žใ„ใฆ
00:29
when he watches the most TV.
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ใ€ๅฝผใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ•ใ›ใพใ™.
00:40
In this family we like TV.
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ใ“ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใงใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
But...do you watch TV during the school year?
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ใงใ‚‚โ€ฆๅญฆๅนดไธญใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:46
No, but...
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ ใ‘ใฉโ€ฆ
00:47
Well, a little bit, right?
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ใพใใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใญ๏ผŸ
00:50
Yes.
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00:50
Do you watch TV during the summer?
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
ๅคใฎ้–“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:54
Yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
00:55
When do you watch more TV?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:57
During the school year, I don't watch much,
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ๅญฆๅนดไธญใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใพใ›ใ‚“
01:00
but during the summer I watch more.
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ใŒใ€ๅคใฎ้–“ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Yeah. Sometimes we watch too much.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใŸใกใฏ่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
Um, do I let you watch TV at breakfast?
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆœ้ฃŸๆ™‚ใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:09
Only if it's summer.
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ๅคใชใ‚‰ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
01:11
Yes. Only in the summer.
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅคใฎใฟใ€‚
01:17
My son watches more TV in the summer.
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ๆฏๅญใฏๅคใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:20
That's because he's on summer vacation,
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใŒๅคไผ‘ใฟไธญใง
01:23
so he has more time.
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ใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
Well, we all know that watching too much TV is not a good thing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
So what sounds worse?
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ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:32
Watching TV during the summer
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ๅคใฎ้–“ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅคใฎ้–“
01:35
or watching TV throughout the summer?
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ใšใฃใจใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:39
Throughout the summer is likely worse
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01:42
because this preposition "throughout"
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ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž "throughout"
01:45
emphasizes the whole period,
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ใฏใ€
01:48
from beginning to end, the whole time.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ€ๅ…จๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคใฎ้–“ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ‚ชใใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
"During" could also emphasize a whole period,
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"during" ใฏๆœŸ้–“ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
01:55
but often we use "during"
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"during"
01:58
to refer to amounts of time within a period
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆœŸ้–“ๅ†…ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้‡
02:03
or some points of time within a period.
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ใพใŸใฏๆœŸ้–“ๅ†…ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Here's another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
I might...or I do ask my children
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใก
02:12
to use good manners throughout dinner.
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ใซๅค•้ฃŸไธญใฏใƒžใƒŠใƒผใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:16
From beginning to end, I want them to use their table manners.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใƒžใƒŠใƒผใ‚’ๅฎˆใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:22
Now, during dinner they usually tell me about their day.
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ๅค•้ฃŸๆ™‚ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
So are they talking about their day the whole time?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใšใฃใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:30
Not necessarily.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ€‚
02:32
But at some point while were having dinner
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸใน
02:35
they tell me about their day.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:41
Consider these other examples.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:44
At school a teacher might say:
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ๅญฆๆ กใงใฏๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:51
At a concert they may announce:
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: ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็™บ่กจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:04
At work you're told:
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: ่ทๅ ดใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:
03:13
And at some award ceremony
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๆŽˆ่ณžๅผใง
03:16
someone might say:
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:
03:31
What about talking with someone over dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸๆ™‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹?
03:34
What does that mean?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:37
"Over" is similar to "during."
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ใ€Œoverใ€ใฏใ€Œduringใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
Over lunch, over dinner, over any meal
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ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸๆ™‚ใ€ๅค•้ฃŸๆ™‚ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ๆ™‚ใชใฉใฏใ€
03:44
means something takes place while you eat.
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้ฃŸไบ‹ไธญใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
So I could suggest:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
03:53
I'm suggesting that we meet,
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็งใŸใกใฏไผšใฃใฆใ€
03:55
we eat lunch together,
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ไธ€็ท’ใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’
03:56
and while we're eating, we'll talk about the trip.
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้ฃŸในใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ๆ—…่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:01
"Over" can also be used with amounts of time.
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ใ€ŒOverใ€ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้‡ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
"Over" is often used with amounts or periods of time
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"Over" ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้‡ใพใŸใฏๆœŸ้–“ใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
04:14
in the future or the past:
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04:19
Have you been studying grammar with me
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ใพใ™ใ€‚้ŽๅŽปๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„
04:21
over the past few days or weeks?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
04:23
I hope so.
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
04:25
Here's another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Relatives might visit me this weekend.
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ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€่ฆชๆˆšใŒ่จชใญใฆใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:30
They'll visit over the weekend.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซ่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
They'll be here Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
Over the weekend.
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้€ฑๆœซใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€‚
04:39
I wonder if they expect me
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒ้€ฑๆœซใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹
04:41
to entertain them throughout the weekend.
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.
04:44
I have some work to do, so I hope not.
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
"Throughout the weekend" means the whole time.
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ใ€Œ้€ฑๆœซใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€ใจใฏใ€ใšใฃใจใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Friday, Saturday, Sunday...they expect me to entertain them.
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้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅ...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
So there's over the weekend,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้€ฑๆœซ
04:58
and throughout the weekend - the whole time.
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ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€ใใ—ใฆ้€ฑๆœซใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€ใšใฃใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
So we've learned about OVER, THROUGHOUT, and DURING.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€OVERใ€THROUGHOUTใ€DURING ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†
05:07
Which of these prepositions would I likely choose
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎใฉใ‚Œใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„
05:10
to complete this question?
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ใงใ™ใ‹?
05:19
Well, we did just talk about using "over"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉ้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œoverใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
05:22
before a meal.
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ใ€‚
05:23
So I could ask:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
05:28
This means that I'm inviting you to have dinner with me
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅค•้ฃŸใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
05:32
so that we can talk.
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.
05:35
Are there any other prepositions we could use in this question?
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
05:41
How about "during"?
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ใ€Œใใฎ้–“ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:42
Would you like to discuss this during dinner?
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ๅค•้ฃŸๆ™‚ใซใ“ใฎไปถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:46
Sure that works. It's grammatically correct.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
The meaning might be a little different.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:52
This question sounds like it's already established
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ
05:55
that we eat dinner together.
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไธ€็ท’ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ™ใงใซ็ขบ็ซ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™.
06:06
There's one more preposition that could work.
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ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
We didn't see it yet in this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:14
We could ask:
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™:
06:19
"At" simply answers the question WHEN?
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"At" ใฏใ€ใ„ใค?
06:28
We'll talk more about this preposition in the next part of our lesson.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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