Intonation in Long Sentences - English Pronunciation with JenniferESL

104,177 views ใƒป 2017-02-10

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:36
In this lesson, we'll focus on intonation patterns within longer sentences.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Like the one I just said about boots.
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็งใŒใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
00:47
[title]
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ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซ
00:57
My model sentences are getting longer now,
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ใ€‘ๅฎšๅž‹ๆ–‡ใŒ้•ทใใชใฃใฆใใŸ
01:00
so I'm using thought groups or intonation groups.
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ใฎใงใ€ๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚„ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Remember what those are?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:29
Sometimes our sentences begin with a longer thought.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„่€ƒใˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
It could be a phrase or a whole clause (with a subject and a verb).
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใพใŸใฏ็ฏ€ๅ…จไฝ“ (ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€) ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
We can use low-rise intonation to signal that we're not done yet.
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ไฝŽใ‚ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
There's more information that we'd like to add.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
There's more than one intonation pattern we can use in longer sentences.
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้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
- Either in that first thought group or a middle thought group.
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- ใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใพใŸใฏไธญ้–“ใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
So I'll share a second.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
It involves dropping our voice and then rising again.
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ๅฃฐใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†ใณไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Some call it a fall-rise intonation pattern.
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็ง‹ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจๅ‘ผใถไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
We can use this fall-rise in many of the same places as the low-rise.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใฏใ€ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใจๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๅคšใใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
You try. Let's practice the fall-rise intonation pattern.
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่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ธใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:24
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
06:30
So what's the difference between the low-rise and and the fall-rise?
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใจใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:34
I don't believe there's a significant difference.
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ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Both patterns end with a rise, and that signals incompletion.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚‚ไธŠๆ˜‡ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆœชๅฎŒไบ†ใฎๅˆๅ›ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
You're not done with your thought.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:44
There's more coming.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:47
Here's where I think there could be a difference.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅทฎใŒใคใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Stating lists.
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่จ˜่ผ‰ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
06:52
Listen and compare.
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่žใ„ใฆๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:55
I have one pair of sneakers,
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ใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’1
06:57
a few pairs of boots,
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่ถณใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ๆ•ฐ
07:00
two pairs of sandals,
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่ถณใ€ใ‚ตใƒณใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’2
07:02
and...several pairs of dress shoes.
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่ถณใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆ•ฐ่ถณๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
I have one pair of sneakers, a few pairs of boots,
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ใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’1่ถณใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ๆ•ฐ
07:11
two pairs of sandals,
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่ถณใ€ใ‚ตใƒณใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’2
07:13
and several pairs of dress shoes.
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่ถณใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆ•ฐ่ถณๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
When I used low-rise intonation the first time,
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆใƒญใƒผใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ
07:22
I needed time to think.
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ใจใใฏใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:24
My statement sounded more hesitant, less certain.
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็งใฎ็™บ่จ€ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŒใกใงใ€็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:28
The second time I used fall-rise intonation.
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2ๅ›ž็›ฎใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:31
It sounded more certain.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:33
Perhaps even more authoritative.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆจฉๅจ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
See if you can understand the difference when I count.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใŸใ‚‰้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใ€‚
07:39
First, I'll use a low-rise.
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ใพใšใ€ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
1...2...3...4...5.
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1...2...3...4...5.
07:51
Now I'll try a fall-rise.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
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1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4ใ€5ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
08:02
Sounds more certain.
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6ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
I can make it even more certain and perhaps authoritative if I use that "angry parent" voice.
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ใใฎใ€Œๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ฆชใ€ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใฐใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆจฉๅจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
1, 2, 3, 4...
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1, 2, 3, 4โ€ฆ
08:16
Do you see how the meaning...and the expression changes?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒโ€ฆใใ—ใฆ่กจ็พใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:21
We can even put these two intonation patterns together in the same sentence.
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ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใซใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
I did this at the beginning of the video when I said,
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
08:44
...and then I add on.
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...ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™.
08:48
We might also use a fall-rise when we need to pause because we're hesitating to add on.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
To finish our thought.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
08:56
We know what we're going to say, but perhaps what we're going to say is surprising or disappointing in some way.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
You'll hear statements like,
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ใ€Œ
09:09
You could try, but it may not work.
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่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
They're good, but expensive.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™ใ€‚
09:24
Let's put everything together.
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:26
We'll read a short text.
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็Ÿญใ„ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
I'll mark the thought groups,
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ๆ€่€ƒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅฐใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘
09:30
show the focus words,
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ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใ‚น ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰
09:32
and also show where we rise and fall.
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ใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ใฉใ“ใงไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใ€ไธ‹้™ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
If you want, I'll tell you where I got these leather boots.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ้ฉใฎใƒ–ใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใงๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:42
Do you want to know?
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็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:43
I got them in Texas.
64
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2300
็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚นใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:47
That's all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies.
65
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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