Advanced English: Formal vs. Informal Language ๐Ÿ›ธ What you need to know!

19,437 views ใƒป 2018-05-11

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:05
Hello everybody. It's Jennifer here with an English lesson for all you advanced learners out there.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒไธŠ็ดšๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
I often like to start a lesson with a question. How I word that question and how I say it set the tone.
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็งใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใŒใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
Hopefully, you agree that the first statement was more informal. It's something we might say in casual conversation.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅฃฐๆ˜ŽใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š้žๅ…ฌๅผใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชไผš่ฉฑใง่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:52
The second was more formal and polite.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใง็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:55
But what exactly makes the two questions different? That's what we'll talk about in this lesson on formal and informal English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏๆญฃ็ขบใซใฏไฝ•ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซ่‹ฑ่ชžใจใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
I've created this lesson with two goals in mind. First, as an advanced speaker of English,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใšใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธŠ็ดš่€…ใจใ—ใฆใ€
01:11
you need to be comfortable speaking on different topics.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟซ้ฉใซ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
Conversations take many turns, and people have various interests. Can you express your opinion on different subjects?
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ไผš่ฉฑใซใฏๅคšใใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
01:22
We'll see how you do later in this lesson when we start talking about aliens,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒๅŠใงใ€ใ‚จใ‚คใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใ€้™ฐ่ฌ€่ซ–ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
01:28
conspiracy theories, and technology.
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.
01:32
Second, your language always needs to be appropriate for the context. What are you talking about? And who are your listeners?
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏๅธธใซๆ–‡่„ˆใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่žใๆ‰‹ใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:42
There are times you can relax and use a more conversational tone, and there are times when you need to use more careful
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ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šไผš่ฉฑ็š„ใชใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไธๅฏงใชไผš็คพใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ…Ž้‡ใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
01:49
speech to match the polite company that you're in.
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ใพใ™.
01:54
How comfortably can you switch between registers? Can you easily increase and decrease the level of formality?
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ใƒฌใ‚ธใ‚นใ‚ฟ้–“ใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅฟซ้ฉใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹? ๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใ•ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:04
So I'm going to test your ability to express ideas at different registers. And we'll have fun doing it.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ŸณๅŸŸใงใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Who doesn't like to consider the possibility of aliens and UFOs?
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ใ‚จใ‚คใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใ‚„ UFO ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใใชใ„ไบบใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:23
The first thing that made my two questions sound different was how I spoke.
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็งใฎ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒ็•ฐใชใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:28
I used less careful pronunciation in the first question.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ…Ž้‡ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:32
In relaxed speech, we use short forms and reductions, for example, "wanna"
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ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใชใฉใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚„็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
02:38
instead of "want to." I want to hear what you think.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:43
I also used intonation that was very typical of everyday conversation.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใฎๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:49
So...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰...
02:51
So I want to hear what you think. Or I could say, "So I want to hear what you think."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใใŸใ„. ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
So I want to hear what you think about aliens and UFOs. You got any thoughts on that?
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ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ไบบใจUFOใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹่žใใŸใ„. ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:06
The second difference had to do with my structure.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€็งใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:09
In informal English, we sometimes omit words because we know they'll be understood.
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
This happens in particular with yes-no questions when we drop the helping verb.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎใฏใ„/ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใง็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
You got any thoughts on that?
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:25
There's no helping verb "do" or "have" although I'm asking this question in the simple present.
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็งใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:32
This is a fairly common pattern with the verb got in American English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉž got ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
We can start a yes-no question immediately with the subject pronoun "you." You got any thoughts on that?
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ไธป่ชžใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ™ใใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:46
You got any change?
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ใŠใคใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:48
You got anything smaller?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:53
We do this with other helping verbs, for example, "You coming?"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œๆฅใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใง่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
instead of "Are you coming?"
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ใ€Œๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
04:00
You ever seen anything like that?
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:02
Instead of "Have you ever seen anything like that?"
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ใ€Œใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚
04:08
In contrast, I used polite structures in my second question. I would like to... Would you care to...?
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ๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใซใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏไธๅฏงใชๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ... ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹...?
04:17
Also used the intensifier "very much" instead of the more conversational adverb "really."
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไผš่ฉฑ็š„ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€Œreallyใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œvery muchใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅผท่ชฟ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:25
I would very much like to...
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I would very like to...
04:28
Then I used the preposition "regarding" instead of the more common
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œaboutใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œregardingใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:33
preposition "about." I would very much like to hear your thoughts regarding aliens and UFOs.
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ใ€‚ ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ไบบใจUFOใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™.
04:42
So my word choice, my grammar, my intonation, and my careful diction help create a more formal tone.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้ธๆŠžใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๆ…Ž้‡ใช่จ€ใ„ๅ›žใ—ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅฃ่ชฟใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™.
04:51
If you'd like to work more on intonation, you can watch my series on intonation in American English.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:59
And if you'd like to learn more about the changes American English speakers make in fast speech, particularly informal fast
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒๆ—ฉๅฃ่จ€่‘‰ใ€็‰นใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆ—ฉๅฃ่จ€่‘‰ใง่กŒใ†ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„
05:06
speech, you can watch my 20-day Fast Speech Challenge. I'll put these links in the video description.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็งใฎ 20 ๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎๆ—ฉๅฃ่จ€่‘‰ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Okay. Let's get into the topic of aliens and UFOs.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚คใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใจUFOใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:18
I'll say something with an informal tone. You make it sound more formal. If you need more time, hit the pause button.
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชๅฃ่ชฟใงไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:36
To be more formal, I could say:
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
05:52
Saying someone is nuts is an idiomatic expression. You're saying they're crazy.
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่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็‹‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Idioms are more typical of informal speech.
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ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใฏใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
To be more formal, I could say:
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
06:40
Formal speech doesn't usually include interjections like "oh" and filler words.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚„ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒฉใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้–“ๆŠ•่ฉžใฏๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:47
Often there's a shorter more formal equivalent for a longer conversational phrase.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ไผš่ฉฑใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็Ÿญใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
"People who saw aliens" changing to
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ใ€Œๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸไบบใ€ใŒ
06:57
"eyewitnesses" is a good example.
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ใ€Œ็›ฎๆ’ƒ่€…ใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใŒ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
Using "supposedly" instead of "people say that" is another.
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ใ€Œไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅˆฅใงใ™.
07:24
To be more formal, I could say:
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™:
07:34
Or to be more concise:
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๆฝ”ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจ:
07:46
Again we have an idiomatic expression:
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™:
07:48
Get out. It's actually a phrasal verb. If the truth gets out, it becomes known. It becomes exposed or revealed.
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Get out. ๅฎŸใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็œŸๅฎŸใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้œฒใ‚ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
Idiomatic expressions, including phrasal verbs are more typical of informal speech.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใฏใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:04
We sometimes start sentences or ideas with the conjunctions AND, BUT, SO.
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ANDใ€BUTใ€SO ใจใ„ใ†ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:11
This tends to be more typical of informal English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
Informal English also makes more use of the first-person
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้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ไธ€ไบบ็งฐไธป่ชž (ไปฃๅ่ฉž) ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
08:21
subject (pronoun), so we'll start sentences with: I think, I know, I heard, I feel...
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ใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅง‹ใ‚
08:31
All right. Let's switch it around.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:33
I'll make a more formal statement, and you change it so it sounds more relaxed and appropriate for informal conversation.
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็งใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ€้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎไผš่ฉฑใซ้ฉใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
In informal English, I might say something like this:
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ใใ ใ‘ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:
09:26
Sometimes you'll see that one word is more frequently used than another word in the same word family.
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ๅŒใ˜่ชžๆ—ใฎไธญใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
"Tend" and "tendency" are examples. We use the verb "tend" more than we use the noun "tendency."
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ใ€Œๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€ใจใ€Œๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€ใฏไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅ่ฉžใฎใ€Œๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€Œๅ‚พๅ‘ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:41
In everyday conversation,
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ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑ
09:43
it's more common to say that someone tends to do something rather than someone has the tendency to do something.
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ใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™.
09:51
When you learn a new word, note the part of speech and the context you heard it in.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅ“่ฉžใจใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใŸๆ–‡่„ˆใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:15
As a less formal variation, I'd suggest something like this:
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ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใชใ„ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—
10:37
The passive voice is more common in formal English, especially written English.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ€็‰นใซๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:44
"Have been known" and "deemed to be" are examples of passive verbs.
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ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:52
Again you see that academic words like "disseminate" are more typical of formal English.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€"disseminate" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ๆญฃๅผใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:00
Okay, last one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใ€‚
11:17
There were some fancy words in that statement. To make it more appropriate for informal conversation, I'd suggest something like this:
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ใใฎ็™บ่จ€ใซใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎไผš่ฉฑใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฉใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
11:38
One suggestion I have is to go back through my six statements and listen to the formal and informal
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ๆๆกˆใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚1 ใคใฎๆๆกˆใฏใ€็งใฎ 6 ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจ้žๅ…ฌๅผใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจ
11:45
versions. You can listen and repeat. Try to imitate my speech, particularly the stress and intonation.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€็‰นใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็œŸไผผใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:55
As your final task, I'd like you to consider the idea of free energy, meaning energy that is freely available.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใจใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒชใƒผ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ€ใคใพใ‚Š่‡ช็”ฑใซๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:04
If alien technology allowed us to make use of free energy within the near future, it would change our world in many ways.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚จใ‚คใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใŒ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่‡ช็”ฑใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฎไธ–็•Œใฏๅคšใใฎ็‚นใงๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
12:13
We'd have no dependency on oil or other fossil fuels.
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็Ÿณๆฒนใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใซไพๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:19
Think about the geopolitical implications and tell me your opinion.
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ๅœฐๆ”ฟๅญฆ็š„ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:24
If the technology for free energy is known, should we make use of it?
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่‡ช็”ฑใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
12:30
You're free to use formal or informal English, but I'll be looking for consistency and tone.
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ๅ…ฌๅผใพใŸใฏ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใงใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใจใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ™.
12:39
I hope my advanced learners were challenged by this lesson.
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็งใฎไธŠ็ดšๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
12:43
If you enjoyed the practice with formal and informal English,
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ๅ…ฌๅผใŠใ‚ˆใณ้žๅ…ฌๅผใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
12:46
please like this video and follow me on social media for more language practice.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใ€ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใง็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ€่จ€่ชžใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
12:53
That's all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:00
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:03
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็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ธใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นๆŠ•็จฟใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณ ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ธใƒƒใƒˆใ€ๆฏŽๆœˆใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
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่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:13
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚นใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:19
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YouTube ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฟใƒ–ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆŠ•็จฟใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:25
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ใพใ ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŒ YouTube ใซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ‹•็”ปใฎ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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