How to Use Ergative Verbs...Erga-what?! ๐Ÿ˜• Learn Advanced English Grammar with Jennifer ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ

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2019-05-17 ใƒป English with Jennifer


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How to Use Ergative Verbs...Erga-what?! ๐Ÿ˜• Learn Advanced English Grammar with Jennifer ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ

35,716 views ใƒป 2019-05-17

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:05
Not everyone loves grammar, but most people enjoy movies.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒๅฅฝใใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
Stick around for the full lesson, and you'll learn about three movies with great speeches.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณๅ…จไฝ“ใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 3 ใคใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
And if you'd like to study more advanced grammar with me, be sure to subscribe to my channel.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
What do you do when you hear a grammar term that you don't know?
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:28
I usually blink, and
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็งใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„ใพใฐใŸใ
00:30
then I squint as
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00:32
I begin to think.
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็›ฎใ‚’็ดฐใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Yes, believe it or not, I don't know every single grammar term used in all the books.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆœฌใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:41
First of all, some books go really deep into grammar, and I don't always find the terminology practical.
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๆœฌใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใŒๅธธใซๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:49
Second, different sources use different terms for the same thing
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใŒๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็”จ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
00:53
sometimes, like present progressive and present continuous.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
So it gets confusing even for a teacher.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
In this lesson, I'd like to talk about ergative verbs.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏ่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
"Erga-what?!" you say.
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ใ€Œใ‚จใƒซใ‚ฌใชใซ!?ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
01:10
Ergative verbs. It's a funny-sounding term, isn't it?
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ใŠใ‹ใ—ใช้Ÿฟใใฎ็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:15
I admit this is a term I didn't know about when I first started teaching English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใŸๅฝ“ๅˆใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ็”จ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่ชใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
In fact, I didn't hear about ergative verbs until years after I got certified.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่ณ‡ๆ ผใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ•ฐๅนดๅพŒใพใงใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:27
Most grammar textbooks in the classroom don't use this term, ergative verbs. So why learn it now?
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ๆ•™ๅฎคใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใงใฏใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎ็”จ่ชžใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:37
Well, it's useful to have a name for a concept. We can benefit from
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
identifying a pattern used in speech.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœ‰็›Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:46
That's what grammar is.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
We identify patterns and do our best to follow what is standard in order to have clear communication.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๆจ™ๆบ–ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
If you watched my lesson on the parts of speech, then you know that verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
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ๅ“่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
Transitive verbs take an object.
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Intransitive verbs don't.
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:13
Here's a quick test. I'll show you six sentences. Which verbs are transitive?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ 6ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
02:19
Which verbs are intransitive?
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
02:43
The first verb: plays. Does it have an object? Yes. It's transitive.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉž: ๅ†็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:54
Second verb: teaches.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ‹•่ฉž: ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
Also transitive.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Do you see the verb? Explains. Is it transitive or intransitive?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:19
Well, there's the object. It's transitive.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Same verb. Right? Transitive or intransitive?
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ๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉž. ๅณ๏ผŸ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹้ž่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹?
03:34
No object. Here it's intransitive.
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
The first verb:
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉž:
03:57
dances.
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่ธŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
How is it being used?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:01
As a transitive verb. There's the object.
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Next verb:
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ๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉž:
04:08
show.
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่กจ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Transitive or intransitive?
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹้ž่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹?
04:14
Transitive. It has an object.
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ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
There's one more verb at the end. Works.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
Does it have an object?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:25
No. It's intransitive.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:43
The first verb: convinces.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉž: ่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
Convinces who?
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่ชฐใ‚’่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:49
There's the object. It's transitive.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:55
Next two verbs:
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ๆฌกใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉž:
04:57
Listened. Watched.
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่žใ„ใŸใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€‚
05:00
Any objects?
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:03
No direct objects. These are intransitive verbs.
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็›ดๆŽฅใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:09
And the last verb: has.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ‹•่ฉž: has.
05:13
Transitive or intransitive?
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹้ž่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹?
05:16
Transitive. There's the object.
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ๆŽจ็งป็š„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:29
One verb: learn. There's the object. It's being used as a transitive verb.
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1 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉž: ๅญฆใถใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
Some verbs are always transitive. They always take an object, like "have." Have what?
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅธธใซใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
05:48
Some verbs are always
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
05:50
intransitive, like "listen." We don't listen someone or listen music.
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ใ€ใ€Œ่žใใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅธธใซ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:55
We can listen to someone. We can listen to music. Or we can just listen.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใŸใ ่žใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:04
Then we have verbs that have both transitive and intransitive meanings.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
Among those verbs are ergative verbs.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธญใซใฏ่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Ergative verbs have a special relationship between subjects and objects. Take a look.
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎ้–“ใซ็‰นๅˆฅใช้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:23
I'll show you four pairs of sentences.
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4็ต„ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Identify the subjects and the objects of the transitive verbs. Look for a pattern.
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธป่ชžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
This last pair of sentences is a spoiler if you haven't seen the movie.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฎใƒใ‚ฟใƒใƒฌใงใ™ใ€‚
07:40
But at the end,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
07:41
Jerry tells his wife that he loves her, and he has to do this in front of a large group of women --
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒชใƒผใฏๅฆปใซๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎๅฅณๆ€งใŸใกใ€ใคใพใ‚Š้›ขๅฉšใ—ใŸๅฅณๆ€งใŸใกใฎๅ‰ใงใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:48
divorced women. So they all have reasons to be angry at men.
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ใ€็”ทๆ€งใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
You just learned four ergative verbs.
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4 ใคใฎ่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:17
Start, end,
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้–‹ๅง‹ใ€็ต‚ไบ†ใ€
08:19
change, soften.
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ€่ปŸๅŒ–ใ€‚
08:21
The object of the transitive verb can be the subject of the intransitive verb. Get it?
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏใ€่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธป่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
08:30
By definition, "explain" wouldn't be an ergative verb. Think about it.
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ๅฎš็พฉไธŠใ€ใ€Œ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:38
He explained his reasons.
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ๅฝผใฏ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:42
His reasons explained?
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ๅฝผใฎ็†็”ฑใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:46
But I can say, "Please allow me to explain."
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:52
So, although "explain" has a transitive and intransitive meaning, it doesn't fit the pattern of ergative verbs.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œexplainใ€ใซใฏไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซใฏ้ฉๅˆใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:00
Correct?
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
09:03
Note how ergative verbs can give us an alternative to passive verbs.
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅ—่บซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:31
The passive voice shifts the focus from the doer of the action to the receiver.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ไฟก่€…ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’็งปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
The relationship between cause and effect is still the same.
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ๅŽŸๅ› ใจ็ตๆžœใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏไปŠใ‚‚ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
09:48
The ergative verb "change" doesn't really emphasize that an action was done to something or that an action was received.
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œchangeใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:55
The subject simply changed in some way.
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ไธป้กŒใฏๅ˜ใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:01
Let's practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:02
Create new sentences with intransitive verbs.
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
The ergative verbs are underlined.
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏไธ‹็ทšใŒๅผ•ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Be sure to use the same verb and make the object of the transitive verb the subject
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ๅฟ…ใšๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’
10:16
of the new sentence.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:36
Here's a suggestion.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆๆกˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:00
I'd say:
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
11:08
Okay. The next sentence is a spoiler,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใƒใ‚ฟใƒใƒฌใงใ™
11:10
but I can tell you that I've seen the ending dozens of times, and
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ใŒใ€ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝ•ๅๅ›žใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:14
the speech that Frank gives to the committee at Charlie's school is
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒชใƒผใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎๅง”ๅ“กไผšใซ่กŒใ†ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ
11:19
just as powerful now as it was the first time I heard it.
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ใฏใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใจใใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™.
11:25
I think it's one of the best speeches in a movie. It makes you hope for the goodness in people.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎไธญใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎ1ใคใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฎ่‰ฏใ•ใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:45
I might say:
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็งใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:
11:58
So we can add three more verbs to our list of ergative verbs: develop, increase, strengthen.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซ 3 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™: ้–‹็™บใ€ๅข—ๅŠ ใ€ๅผทๅŒ–ใ€‚
12:09
You can search online for a more complete list of ergative verbs. Right now
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่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆคœ็ดขใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€
12:13
I'm going to share some groupings of these verbs.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
12:17
I think this way the information will be easier to process and remember.
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ใ“ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใจ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒๅฎนๆ˜“ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:54
Do you know what ergative verbs are now? And can you say that term with confidence? Ergative verbs.
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็พๅœจใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
13:02
For practice, take one ergative verb and write two sentences. Use the verb with a transitive and an intransitive meaning.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€่ƒฝๆ ผๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ 1 ใคๅ–ใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:11
I'll offer corrections as time allows. You can help one another too.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่จฑใ™้™ใ‚Šไฟฎๆญฃใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซๅŠฉใ‘ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:16
Read the sentences that others post.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:19
Offer suggestions if you think changes should be made.
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆๆกˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:25
That's all for now. If you have the time and interest, you can watch those three movie scenes I mentioned in the lesson.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใจ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸ 3 ใคใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚ทใƒผใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:34
Do a search and use these key phrases:
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ๆคœ็ดขใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ญใƒผ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
13:48
Please like this video if you enjoyed our grammar lesson. And if you want more practice,
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ
13:53
consider becoming a member of my channel. Click to learn more information.
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ใฏใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:58
As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใฆๅนธใ›ใช็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†๏ผ
14:05
I'd like to say a very special thank you to the current members of my channel.
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็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใฎ็พๅœจใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ„.
14:10
Hopefully, more of you will join us for the next live stream.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ– ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:16
Follow me and gain more practice on Facebook and Twitter. I also have new videos on Instagram.
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็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ€Facebook ใจ Twitter ใงใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใซใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:23
If you haven't already,
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ใพใ ใŠๆŒใกใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
14:25
subscribe to my channel, so you get
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ใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
14:27
notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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็งใŒ YouTube ใซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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