Lesson 120 ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ Basic English with Jennifer - Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)

10,667 views ใƒป 2021-07-02

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi everyone! Iโ€™m Jennifer from English with Jennifer. This is a very special lesson. Itโ€™s the last lesson with my dear students from Brazil, Flavia and Andreia.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซๅ‡บ่บซใฎ่ฆชๆ„›ใชใ‚‹็”Ÿๅพ’ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ขใจใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
We had to stop our lessons in 2020 because of COVID, but in early 2021, we were able to meet on Zoom. I wanted to teach the ladies a few more things before we said goodbye.
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COVIDใฎใŸใ‚ใ€2020ๅนดใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไธญๆญขใ›ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€2021ๅนดใฎๅˆใ‚ใซใ€Zoomใงไผšใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใŸใกใซใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ•™ใˆใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ.
00:29
Would you like to learn how to join ideas together? Letโ€™s practice coordinating conjunctions.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ”่ชฟๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:44
Okay, ladies. I'm going to show you a picture.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
Do you see?
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:51
Mmm. Aw.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
00:53
Yeah. What do you see?
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:56
Baby elephant. Yeah. A baby elephant and?
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ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจ๏ผŸ
01:02
Her mom?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“๏ผŸ
01:04
Maybe the mom. It could be he or she. The baby elephant and its mother because we don't know if the baby elephant is a boy or girl.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ็”ทใฎๅญใชใฎใ‹ๅฅณใฎๅญใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใใฎๆฏ่ฆชใ€‚
01:11
The baby elephant and its mother. And what's the baby elephant doing?
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚พใ‚ฆใจใใฎๆฏ่ฆชใ€‚ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
01:17
Or where is it?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:20
Close. Close. Why do you think the baby elephant is close to the mother?
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่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒๆฏ่ฆชใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใชใœใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
01:27
Because it's love...
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ๆ„›ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆ
01:31
Yeah. It loves its mom. How does it feel? How do you think the baby elephant feels?
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ่ฆชใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
01:36
Say it. Protect. Protected. Safe. Protected. The mother is protecting the baby. Yeah. Good things.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไฟ่ญทใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ€‚ ไฟ่ญทใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใŒ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
01:44
Something I heard that was good is "because." There are different ways to join our ideas. "Because" is one of them.
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่‰ฏใ„ใจ่žใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใใฎไธ€ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
The baby is with its mother because it loves its mother. The mother is with its baby because it's protecting the baby. Right?
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:02
There are other ways we join ideas together, and this for speaking and for writing.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Have you ever heard about FANBOYS? Has any teacher taught you that?
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FANBOYSใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚ŒใŸๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:14
It's just a way to remember some joining words that we call conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็ตๅˆ่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:20
So, FANBOYS are...stands for FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, and SO. Those are coordinating conjunctions. Okay?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€FANBOYS ใฏใ€FORใ€ANDใ€NORใ€BUTใ€ORใ€YETใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ SO ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:39
So, I'm going to go over here, and put them there for you to see.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
These are words that we use to join whole ideas together, or whole clauses. I know you use "and" and "but." Maybe you also use "or" as well. "So" is very common.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ฏ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œandใ€ใจใ€Œbutใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:55
The baby is with its mother. The mother can protect it.
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่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ่ฆชใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
Which of those words, which of those conjunctions shows the reason? The result? What would you put in there?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฎใฉใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ็ตๆžœ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:12
Say it again. So. "So" makes a lot of sense. "So" is like saying, um, "and as a result" or "for that reason."
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "So" ใฏใ€"and as a result" ใพใŸใฏ "for that reason" ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:22
So, "so" is good for introducing reasons. Right? Results.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใ€ใฏ็†็”ฑใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ็ตๆžœใ€‚
03:28
Why is the baby with its mother? So the mother can protect it. The baby is with its mother, so the mother can protect it now.
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ใชใœ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฏ่ฆชใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๆฏ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใฏ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Mm-hmm. What if I say, um, "The baby elephant is large." It's not like a cute little rabbit. Right? So, the baby elephant is large.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๅคงใใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ†ใ•ใŽใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๅคงใใ„ใ€‚
03:50
"It's still small enough to need protection."
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ใ€Œใพใ ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงไฟ่ญทใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:55
So, yes, it's large. But... It's a contrast. "But it's still small enough to need protection." It's not like its mom. Yes, a baby elephant is big, but it's a baby.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—... ๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใ ไฟ่ญทใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใปใฉๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ่ฆชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
It's still small enough to need protection. We're joining with "but." Mm-hmm. Um, this is what I know about elephants.
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ใพใ ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใงไฟ่ญทใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใงๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ‚พใ‚ฆใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
Elephants are smart. Elephants are loyal. Right? They have family. They stick with their family. They protect each other.
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ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏ่ณขใ„ใ€‚ ่ฑกใฏๅฟ ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏๅฎถๆ—ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฎถๆ—ใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
How can we join them?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
04:29
And? Yes. So, what could we say? Elephants are... You have a couple choices. Elephants are smart...
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ใจ๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ฑกใฏ... ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฑกใฏ้ ญใŒใ„ใ„...
04:39
And here you don't want to keep repeating words. You could say, "And they are loyal." But again, you could even shorten that more if we have two similar words
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—็ถšใ‘ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฟ ๅฎŸใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€2 ใคใฎ้กžไผผใ—ใŸๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้กžไผผใ—ใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
04:53
and they have similar grammar. "Smart" and "loyal" are adjectives, so you don't even have to write that long sentence. You could say, "Elephants are smart..."
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ณขใ„ใ€ใ€Œๅฟ ๅฎŸใ€ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซ้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏ้ ญใŒใ„ใ„...ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:03
What's the shortest sentence I can make? Loyal. Yeah. Elephants are smart and loyal. Right?
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็งใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฟ ๅฎŸใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏ่ณขใใฆๅฟ ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
05:12
If it's a short sentence and I just have two adjectives (Elephants are smart and loyal), and I use "and." If it's a longer sentence with two ideas, what do I use? What's that punctuation mark?
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็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ (่ฑกใฏ้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใใฆๅฟ ๅฎŸใงใ™)ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใฎๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:28
Comma. Comma. So, when you're joining ideas together, and there are two complete ideas. This has a subject and a verb. This has a subject and a verb.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€2 ใคใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
That's when we use ",and" / ", but"/ ", so." When you're writing and you join these longer ideas together, that's when you need a comma.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€",and" / ", but"/ ", so." ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้•ทใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
When we're speaking, um, it's more just a pause. Elephants are smart, and they are loyal.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏ้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใใ€ๅฟ ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Okay? So, "and" is for additions. "But" is for contrast. "So" is like introducing the reason or the result. What about "or"?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใฏ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฏๅฏพๆฏ”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฏ็†็”ฑใ‚„็ตๆžœใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:10
There's two possibilities for food, and we're sorry if we're incorrect. We aren't experts on elephants. The elephants eat leaves. People might feed them nuts.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚พใ‚ฆใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏ่‘‰ใฃใฑใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:23
Putting these ideas together, what's the long sentence? What if I want to show this is possible; this is possible?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:35
Or. Or. The contrast. The alternative. "Or people might feed them nuts."
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ ไปฃๆ›ฟใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใƒŠใƒƒใƒ„ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:47
The most common coordinating conjunctions are AND, OR, BUT, SO.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏใ€ANDใ€ORใ€BUTใ€SO ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Practice some more. Use each conjunction once in the following sentences.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๅ„ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ 1 ๅ›žไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:37
How do you want to study? We can meet in person, or we can meet on Zoom.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็›ดๆŽฅไผšใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€Zoom ใงไผšใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
Notice, by the way, we're joining complete ideas, each with a subject and a verb. But we can use coordinating conjunctions with shorter ideas.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใคๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็Ÿญใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใง่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:56
How would you like to study? We can meet in person or on Zoom.
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฏพ้ขใพใŸใฏZoomใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Flavia and Andreia live close to the city, but I live farther away in the suburbs.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ขใฏ่ก—ใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ้ƒŠๅค–ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:13
Andreia has pets, and she works in at an animal shelter, so itโ€™s clear that she loves animals.
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Andreia ใฏใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
What about "yet"? It's like "but." It shows a contrast. You can use "yet" alone. Some people use "and yet" together because you're adding information, but it's a contrast.
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ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œand yetใ€ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:43
The ladies learned a lot, and yet there is much more for them to study!
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ๅฅณๆ€งใŸใกใฏๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใพใ ใพใ ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:52
How about NOR and FOR? Those are more formal conjunctions. Watch and learn.
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NORใจFORใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆญฃๅผใชๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆๅญฆใถใ€‚
09:01
You might have learned "yet" as a time word. Like, "Are you done?" "Not yet." Like, "I need more time."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚ "ใพใ ใ€‚" ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ€‚
09:08
But we can also use "yet" to join ideas together, and there's a contrast. It's a little more formal. It's not very common, so right now, I would say I want you to understand it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ€ๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
You don't really have to use it right now, but I want you do understand if you see it or hear it. "Yet" can be a contrast word.
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ไปŠใ™ใไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Š่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‚‰็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:28
Sometimes people put it together with "and." Not just "yet," but "and yet." So, you'll hear that. And yet. Elephants are gentle, yet they can protect themselves.
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ใ€Œandใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ่ฑกใฏใŠใจใชใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:42
Elephants are gentle, and yet they can fight to protect themselves. It's another way to express a contrast. It's a little bit more formal.
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่ฑกใฏใŠใจใชใ—ใ„ใฎใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่บซใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
09:52
Especially if we're going to use it in speaking, I hear people join it together with "and." And yet...
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็‰นใซ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ‚’ใใฃใคใ‘ใฆไฝฟใ†ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใจ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚โ€ฆ
09:59
And you hear my voice. But. And yet.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่žใใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
10:04
They definitely can fight to protect themselves. So, we've done "and." Oh! There's two in there that we haven't talked about.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ใใ“ใซใฏใพใ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:12
F for "for" and N for "nor." Mm-hmm. Let's do "nor." Does that sound like affirmative or negative?
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F ใฏใ€Œforใ€ใ€N ใฏใ€Œnorใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
10:24
Negative. Negative. This is very...It's much more formal. Remember how we practiced "Neither do I"?
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚...ใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:34
You may hear people say, "Nor do I." There's number four.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ 4็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
10:40
Nor am I. Nor do I. You will not likely say this. It sounds...It's not just for agreement. It could be for other statements, like, um, "Her husband doesn't smoke, nor does mine." Nor does he. Yes.
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹...ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒๆ„ใฎใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅคซใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ‚ใชใ„ใ—ใ€็งใฎใ‚‚ๅธใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚
11:00
It's just a negative word to add on, but the difference is we should continue the sentence. Elephants don't sing, nor do they dance.
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ไป˜ใ‘่ถณใ™ใ ใ‘ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€้•ใ„ใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚พใ‚ฆใฏๆญŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€่ธŠใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:19
So, I don't start a new sentence. I can continue a sentence. Again, these are words that join ideas.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ใคใชใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:27
So, just like ", and"/ ", but"/ ", so"/ ", nor."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€/ใ€Œใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€/ใ€Œใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€/ใ€Œใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
11:33
And what follows with "nor" is an addition, but a negative addition. They don't sing, nor do they dance. Nor do they dance. Mm-hmm.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œnorใ€ใŒ็ถšใใฎใฏ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€่ธŠใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ธŠใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
11:44
And look at the grammar there. I have to use the verb before the subject. Nor do they dance. Right?
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ใใ“ใงๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ธŠใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
11:53
I'm going to show you one more because it's part of the FANBOYS collection here. The conjunctions. All these words that join ideas together.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎFANBOYSใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไธ€้ƒจใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ๆžšใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
12:03
"For" is another one, and it's very similar to "because." It's more formal, so again, I want you do understand it. You may not necessarily want to use it yet in writing or speaking
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"for" ใฏๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€"because" ใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใพใ ๆ›ธ้ขใ‚„ไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
12:17
because it's kind of formal, but it's another way to say "because." The mother will protect her baby, for that is what a mother does. (Repeats.) Because that is what a mother does.
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ใ€Œใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ่ฆชใฏ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฏ่ฆชใฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๏ผˆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚๏ผ‰ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฏ่ฆชใฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
Okay? So again, these are all words that join ideas together, and they're complete ideas: subject + verb, subject + verb. And the joining word is called "conjunction." So, FANBOYS is a way to remember them.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™: ไธป่ชž + ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชž + ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ตๅˆ่ชžใฏใ€ŒๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€FANBOYSใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:58
F for "for." N for "nor." Y for "yet." Those three are a little more formal. You won't use them as much as BUT, OR, AND, SO. Right? But they're there.
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ใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใฎFใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€ใฎNใ€‚ ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใฎ Yใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ BUTใ€ORใ€ANDใ€SO ใปใฉๅคšใใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Can you change this sentence and use "for"?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
13:24
Never fear mistakes in your language studies, for mistakes are part of the process.
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้–“้•ใ„ใฏใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่จ€่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:35
Can you correct the mistake in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ่ชคใ‚Šใ‚’่จ‚ๆญฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
13:48
First, let me tell you about the word "contributions." That's a noun. A plural noun. It comes from the verb "contribute," which means to add something useful, something of value.
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ใพใšใ€ใ€Œ่ฒข็Œฎใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ฒข็Œฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ€ไพกๅ€คใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:00
Flavia and Andreia contributed to my videos. They made special contributions.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ขใฏ็งใฎๅ‹•็”ปใซ่ฒข็Œฎใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใช่ฒข็Œฎใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:09
Remember with "nor" we need to switch the position of the subject and verb.
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ใ€Œnorใ€ใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:16
So the correct sentence is: I will never forget Flavia and Andreia, nor will I stop being thankful for their contributions.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ฒข็Œฎใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:32
Well, do you think this is a recent photo or a very old photo? Recent. Recent. Yeah.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคใ„ๅ†™็œŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:41
Why do you think it's recent, Flavia? Because of the mask. Uh-huh. The mother is wearing a mask...
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ใชใ‚“ใงๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ข๏ผŸ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎใ›ใ„ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใŒใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
14:58
Must be...I think that the case. I'm using "must" because I'm certain. I'm pretty certain I'm right. Right? Which conjunction fits in here? For.
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โ€ฆ ใใฃใจโ€ฆ ใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏ๏ผŸ ็‚บใซใ€‚
15:12
Oh. No? I'll show you. If you did for, I would switch it around. The photo must be recent, for the mother is wearing a mask. Because the mother is wearing a mask.
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ใŠใƒผใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผŸ ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฏ่ฆชใŒใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’็€็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ†™็œŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฏ่ฆชใŒใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:34
You could do that. Right? It's not possible in the first? No. No. These conjunctions...they join in the middle. They join idea #1 and idea #2 together.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใฎ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏ...็œŸใ‚“ไธญใง็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข 1 ใจใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข 2 ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:53
I think "so." Again, yes. Yes. I think "so" again.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ†ใ‹ใ€ใจๆ”นใ‚ใฆๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:07
What can we say about the child?
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ใ“ใฎๅญใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:15
Watch this. The child...too. The child is too. Now you could write that as a separate sentence, or I could join these together. And how would they be joined?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€‚ ใใฎๅญใ‚‚โ€ฆใ€‚ ใใฎๅญใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:28
And? And. Mm-hmm. And the child is too. The mother is dressed warmly, and the child is too. Okay Again, when we're writing, you're going to see that comma + conjunction.
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ใจ๏ผŸ ใจใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆš–ใ‹ใ„ๆœ่ฃ…ใงใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž + ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
16:40
Right? When we're speaking, you're going to hear it. Right? The mother is wearing a mask, so the photo must be recent.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ๆฏ่ฆชใฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ†™็œŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
16:47
The photo must be recent, for the mother is wearing a mask. The mother is dressed warmly, and the child is too. There's that little pause.
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ๆฏ่ฆชใŒใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’็€็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ†™็œŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆš–ใ‹ใ„ๆœ่ฃ…ใงใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅฐใ•ใชไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:56
Aha! And do you also hear my voice? The mother is dressed warmly, and the child is too. Right? You'll hear my voice pause, and you'll also hear me go down at the very end. This is the end of my sentence. This is just the middle.
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ใ‚ใฏใฏ๏ผ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎๅฃฐใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆš–ใ‹ใ„ๆœ่ฃ…ใงใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚‚ๆš–ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ็งใฎๅฃฐใŒไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็งใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง็งใฎๆ–‡ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
17:14
I chose this photo for you. What can you tell me about that photo?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’้ธใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎๅ†™็œŸใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:25
Oh, how about this? Let me change this. He is... I'm going to change this to..."at." What word logically fits?
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ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฉใ†๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏโ€ฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’โ€ฆใ€Œใงใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ซ–็†็š„ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏ๏ผŸ
17:41
But. Mm-hmm. It's a contrast. Right? And if he's not a player, what do we call the people in the stadium? "Yay! Go team!"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใŒ้ธๆ‰‹ใงใชใ„ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ธใ‚ขใƒ ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ไฝ•ใจๅ‘ผใถใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸ๏ผใ‚ดใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ๏ผใ€
17:55
Fan? Fan. He's a fan. He's a fan. Okay? We'll do one or two more. How about this guy?
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณ๏ผŸ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใ‹2ใคใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:14
And yet. You may see this. "Yet" is...because I don't want to use "but" twice. But I need another contrast word. The man is good-looking, but the car is not, and yet the photo is very nice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฏโ€ฆใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚’2ๅ›žไฝฟใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”ทใฏๆ ผๅฅฝ่‰ฏใ„ใŒใ€่ปŠใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅ†™็œŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
18:28
It's like "and still." You know. "And yet." So these are contrast words. Not everyone will say that's right. You just might use the one.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ—ใฆใพใ ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:39
But often, especially in less formal English, I hear this used together. And yet the photo is very nice. Okay?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็‰นใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใชใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใฆๅ†™็œŸใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:48
One last one. Here's our last photo.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใคใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใ™ใ€‚
18:54
What do you see, Flavia?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ข๏ผŸ
18:58
They are laugh...laughing.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹...็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:06
Nor are they... Yes. Nor are they arguing. Because "nor" is already negative. They are not angry, nor are they arguing.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œnorใ€ใฏใ™ใงใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฃ่ซ–ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:17
And this means they are not arguing. So that's what it means. "And they are not arguing either" is what you're saying. And they are not arguing either. Okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:33
So, this might be the first time you're seeing NOR, YET, FOR. This is the time just to understand and start looking and listening, and you'll see more examples.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€NORใ€YETใ€FOR ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠใ“ใใ€็†่งฃใ—ใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
19:45
The ones I want you to feel confident about: BUT, AND, SO, OR. Those ones are more common. Okay? So, those are our FANBOYS. Right?
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€BUTใ€ANDใ€SOใ€OR ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎFANBOYใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
19:57
If you want to practice, you could always create your own sentences, and send them to me. I would check them for you and let you know. Okay?
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ€็งใซ้€ไฟกใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:05
All right, ladies. Um, we're going to be finishing up, but I personally want to thank you so, so very much for not just this lesson, but all the lessons that you made with me.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŸใกใฏไป•ไธŠใ’ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝœใฃใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
20:18
And for showing people how you can learn English, and it's okay to make mistakes, and it's okay to laugh. It's okay to get angry, and I think you guys have been wonderful students
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๆ–นๆณ•ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใซ็คบใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ. ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ—ใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅงฟๅ‹ขใ‚’็ซ‹ๆดพใซ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
20:32
showing people how to learn English with a good attitude. We are so grateful for you to listen, to teach us a lot of things that we don't know. And now we are more confident.
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใฃใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:49
Yay! And I hope we will stay in touch. We'll definitely stay in touch. When we can take off the masks. After the vaccines. Then we can see each other, and we can give real hugs. Right? Okay?
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ใ‚ใƒผใ„๏ผ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ้€ฃ็ตกใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅค–ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒใƒณใฎๅพŒใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆŠฑๆ“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:06
Thank you so much, Jennifer. You are very special in our lives. And you are too. I'm very happy we were able to do this, so thank you. Thank you very much.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใจใฆใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:19
Yesterday I talked with my husband, and I remembered the first class when Flavia and I don't say nothing. You didn't say anything. You were shy. Because we are so nervous.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅคซใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใŒใ‚Šๅฑ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ทŠๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:36
And we can...we couldn't talk with you because we were afraid. And now we are more confident. I don't speak very well yet, but now I have confidence. And that's good. Confidence is important. It's very important,
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ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ ใ†ใพใ่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไปŠใฏ่‡ชไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชไฟกใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใง
21:57
and you've modeled that very, very well for everyone. Just try. So try. All right.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
22:04
Like Flavia and Andreia, you're probably ready now for my other videos. Before we say goodbye, why don't you take a quiz to test your knowledge.
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Flavia ใจ Andreia ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฎไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚
26:36
How did you do? Well, itโ€™s time to end. Remember I have many other playlists.
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:42
You can study grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, writing skills, and U.S. culture with me. Iโ€™m also on Instagram.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€ไฝœๆ–‡ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:52
And if you want regular practice, become a YouTube member for only $1/month. I share tasks on the community tab twice a week for intermediate and advanced students. Join me!
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใช็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœˆ้กใ‚ใšใ‹ 1 ใƒ‰ใƒซใง YouTube ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€ฑใซ 2 ๅ›žใ€ไธญ็ดš่€…ใจไธŠ็ดš่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฟใƒ–ใงใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
27:07
Please remember to like this video and share the series with others who are learning English.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไบบใŸใกใจใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:14
I thank you for being a part of this special journey with Flavia and Andreia. As always, I wish you happy studies!
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขใจใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ขใจใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ—…ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅนธใ›ใช็ ”็ฉถใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
27:24
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. And don't forget to subscribe here on YouTube. Click on that JOIN button to learn more about YouTube memberships.
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Facebookใ€Twitterใ€Instagram ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ YouTube ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใใ€‚ ใใฎ JOIN ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€YouTube ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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