Fall-Rise Intonation: English Pronunciation with Jennifer

180,116 views ใƒป 2017-02-24

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Here's a quick exercise.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆผ”็ฟ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
You ask someone for help,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€
00:06
"Could you help me?"
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ใ€Œ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
00:10
There are a few possible responses.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝใชๅฟœ็ญ”ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Listen. What does each response express?
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่žใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:44
All three times it's the same word,
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3ๅ›žใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใ 
00:47
but the intonation communicates a different meaning, right?
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ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้•ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:54
This first response sounds certain.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅๅฟœใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
It uses falling intonation.
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ๆŠ‘ๆšใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
The second one is affirmative, but with enthusiasm.
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2ใค็›ฎใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใŒใ€็†ฑๆ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
It uses a rise-fall. It shows stronger emotion.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใƒปใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŽก็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
The person is basically saying,
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ใใฎไบบใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
01:15
"Yeah! I'd be happy to."
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
That last response sounds hesitant
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅฟœ็ญ”
01:25
because it uses a fall-rise.
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ใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่บŠ่บ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
The person is basically saying, "Yeah...but I need to know exactly what you want first.
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ใใฎไบบใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆ...ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:35
I'll probably agree. Maybe. But tell me more."
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ใพใ™.ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.ๅคšๅˆ†.ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.ใ€
01:40
Yeah.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:43
In this lesson, we'll review and practice fall-rise intonation.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
And we'll begin to consider some differences between formal and informal intonation.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจ้žๅ…ฌๅผใชใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
[title]
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[ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซ
02:07
In our previous lesson, we practiced a fall-rise intonation pattern.
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] ๅ‰ๅ›žใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€็ซ‹ใกไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:12
It's when our voice drops from a higher pitch to a low one
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅฃฐใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝŽใ„ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใซไธ‹ใŒใ‚Š
02:16
and then rises a little.
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
As in "yeah."
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
02:24
I explained how we use the fall-rise intonation pattern a few different ways.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:31
We can use a fall-rise after introductory words
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็ดนไป‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅพŒใ‚„ๆ–‡ใฎ้€”ไธญใงไธ‹้™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใพใ ็ถšใ
02:35
and in the middle of a sentence to signal that there's more to come.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:58
We can use a fall-rise intonation pattern in lists
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ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงไธ‹้™ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
03:02
as an alternative to rising intonation.
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ใ€‚
03:05
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:20
And we can use a fall-rise when we're counting...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™...
03:24
perhaps to sound more certain or authoritative.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸใพใŸใฏๆจฉๅจ็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™.
03:27
As in...
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ...
03:43
I've also mentioned that we can use a fall-rise
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็งใฏใ€ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸ
03:46
to suggest hesitancy...for some reason.
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...ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใง.
03:49
Many speakers use a fall-rise on the word "well." As in...
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ๅคšใใฎ่ฉฑ่€…ใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ...
04:05
You try the fall-rise pattern.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
04:10
We'll use a fall-rise to sound hesitant.
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่บŠ่บ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
Here's a new use.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–ฐใŸใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:35
You might also hear fall-rise intonation in polite speech.
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ใพใŸใ€ไธๅฏงใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงไธ‹้™ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
Compare two introductions.
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2 ใคใฎ็ดนไป‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
Imagine I'm your tour guide. Listen.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่žใใ€‚
05:59
The two introductions were similar but different.
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2 ใคใฎ็ดนไป‹ใฏไผผใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:04
Which one sounded more polite, more formal?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
06:08
The second one.
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2ใค็›ฎใ€‚
06:10
Which one used a fall-rise intonation pattern?
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็ง‹ไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œ?
06:13
The second one.
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2ใค็›ฎใ€‚
06:16
Listen again. I said:
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ
06:35
The second time, I said:
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: 2 ๅ›ž็›ฎใ€็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸ:
06:49
So both the rise and the fall-rise suggest that there's more to come
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธŠๆ˜‡ใจไธ‹้™ - ไธŠๆ˜‡ใฎไธกๆ–นใŒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ…ˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆ
06:54
and I end with falling intonation.
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไธ‹้™ใง็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
Now you try the fall-rise pattern to sound more polite.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธๅฏงใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Repeat after me.
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ€‚
07:45
We'll end with a special exercise.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็‰นๅˆฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:48
Here's a text.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
As you can see, it's not complete.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:52
Feel free to pause and write down your own ideas to complete it.
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่‡ช็”ฑใซ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:04
Now I'll read the text with my own word choices.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
08:07
But first, let's look together and decide
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:10
...where could we use a fall-rise intonation pattern?
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...ใฉใ“ใงไธ‹้™ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
08:17
In these places.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€‚
08:19
Remember a fall-rise can suggest that there's more to come.
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ๆ€ฅไธŠๆ˜‡ใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ…ˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:24
Our thought is not finished yet.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:27
We could also use a low rise...some rising intonation
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ใพใŸใ€ไฝŽใ‚ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™...ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ถšใ
08:30
also to suggest that there's more to come,
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ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
08:33
but we're going to practice this text with fall-rise intonation in these places.
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™.
09:02
It's your turn now.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:04
Practice reading the text with your own ideas.
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็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ชญใ‚€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
But be sure to practice the fall-rise intonation pattern in the right places.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒซ ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:14
That's all for now. Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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