How to Make the Flapped T Sound like an American Native English Speaker | Go Natural English

24,254 views ใƒป 2015-07-22

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
Hello there!
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ุฃู‡ู„ุงู‹ ุจูƒ!
00:01
How are you doing today?
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ูƒูŠู ุญุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŸ
00:02
Welcome to a Go Natural English episode where we're going to talk about a question from
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ู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ุจูƒู… ููŠ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ Go Natural English ุญูŠุซ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู†
00:08
a Go Natural English audience member, Abdelkrim.
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ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ Go Natural English.
00:12
Abdelkrim asked, "Can you talk a little bit about the flapped "T"?
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ุณุฃู„ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…: "ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู†" T "ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉุŸ
00:18
Well, this is an excellent question.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ.
00:20
Abdelkrim, it sounds like you're studying linguistics.
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ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ุบูˆูŠุงุช.
00:23
Maybe you're really interested in pronunciation in the English language and this is a really
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ู‡ุชู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุทู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ู‹ุง
00:29
important point for understanding American English.
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ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
00:33
So, if you want to talk to Americans, or if you want to sound more like an American English
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
00:39
speaker, then this answer is really important.
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ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
00:43
Now, Abdelkrim asked for a lot of examples and exercises, and I'm going to do my best
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุทู„ุจ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุณุฃุจุฐู„ ู‚ุตุงุฑู‰ ุฌู‡ุฏูŠ
00:49
but remember these English tip videos are really short.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
00:53
I try to keep them between two and five minutes.
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ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูุงุธ ุจู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚.
00:56
The shorter, the sweeter.
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ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุญู„ู‰.
00:58
But if you want more examples, more practice, and more support, then you should join the
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ support ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ุถู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰
01:04
Go Natural English premium course at gonaturalenglish.com.
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ุฏูˆุฑุฉ Go Natural English ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ gonaturalenglish.com.
01:07
Now, here are some examples: We have words that I mentioned before in another
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ: ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุดุฑุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ
01:14
video such as "water," Another example would be "pretty."
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ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุซู„ "ู…ุงุก" ุŒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† "ุฌู…ูŠู„".
01:20
"Isn't it a pretty city?"
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"Isn ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉุŸ "
01:24
Now that's another example -- "city."
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ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ -" ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ. "
01:26
So, we have the flapped "T" when you have a "T" between two vowels.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุญุฑู" T "ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑู ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุญุฑู " T "ุจูŠู† ุญุฑููŠู† ู…ุชุญุฑูƒูŠู†.
01:34
So, "Pretty -- P-R-E-T-T-Y."
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ - P-R-E-T-T-Y."
01:36
"Y" would be considered a vowel in this case, makes the "T" sound like a "D" -- this is
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ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑู "Y" ุญุฑูู‹ุง ู…ุชุญุฑูƒู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฑู "T" ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฑู "D" - ูˆู‡ุฐุง
01:44
what we call the flapped "T" in linguistics or pronunciation.
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ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑู "T" ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบูˆูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุทู‚.
01:49
So, what it means is that the "T" in American English sounds like a "D."
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฑู "T" ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฑู "D."
01:54
Now, in British English, it's a bit different but as you know, I'm an American English teacher
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฏุฑุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
02:01
so I can help you out with this flapped "T" sound.
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ู„ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชูƒ ุจุตูˆุช "T" ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑู ู‡ุฐุง .
02:04
So, it's "pretty."
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ".
02:06
Now, you may want to say "pretty" and that's OK.
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ" ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠุฏ.
02:12
It's not incorrect but that's more of a British accent.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ.
02:16
So, if you want to understand and sound more like an American, you should say, "pretty"
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู… ูˆุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุŒ ููŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ"
02:22
and you should expect people to say "pretty" and know that that word is spelled with a
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ูˆู„ "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ" ูˆุฃู† ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุจุญุฑู
02:27
"T" even though it sounds like a "D".
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"T" ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„ " ุฏ".
02:29
Same thing for "city".
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ "ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ".
02:31
You might be tempted to say "city" and that's OK but what sounds more natural in American
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ "ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ" ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ููŠ
02:38
English is "city."
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ "ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ".
02:41
It's not "city."
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช "ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ".
02:42
It's "city."
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง "ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ".
02:43
So, a "D" sound is softer than a "T" sound.
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช "D" ุฃุฎู ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช "T".
02:48
The flapped "T" is soft like a "D".
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ุงู„ุญุฑู "T" ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑู ู†ุงุนู… ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุญุฑู "D".
02:51
So, I'm currently in Tokyo and I would say that Tokyo is a pretty city.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ ูˆุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุทูˆูƒูŠูˆ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ.
02:56
Oh, but I have an even better example -- ooh "better" -- B-E-T-T-E-R.
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ุฃูˆู‡ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูุถู„ - ุฃูˆู‡ "ุฃูุถู„" - B-E-T-T-E-R.
03:05
Not "better" but "better".
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ู„ูŠุณ "ุฃูุถู„" ูˆู„ูƒู† "ุฃูุถู„".
03:07
A better example -- I just thought of a better example which is actually "thought of".
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ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุซุงู„ - ู„ู‚ุฏ ููƒุฑุช ู„ู„ุชูˆ ููŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูุถู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน "ููƒุฑุฉ".
03:15
Now this will blow your mind because when we say words, we have to consider the linking
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ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูุฌุฑ ุนู‚ู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุท
03:23
between two words.
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ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
03:24
We don't just say individual words like "pretty" -- "city."
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ "ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ" - "ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ".
03:29
We link words together into phrases, sentences.
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ู†ุฑุจุท ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุงุช ูˆุฌู…ู„.
03:32
So, if you have a word like "thought" that ends in a "T" and then the next word like
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุซู„ "ููƒุฑ" ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุญุฑู "T" ุซู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„
03:39
"of" which begins with an "O" -- so, "thought" vowel, "T" at the end, and the next word vowel
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"ู…ู†" ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุญุฑู "O" - ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ "ููƒุฑ" ุญุฑู ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ุŒ "T" ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ
03:48
"O" -- when you say them together that "T" at the end of "thought" becomes a flapped
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"O" - ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง ุฃู† "T" ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ "ุงู„ููƒุฑ" ุชุตุจุญ
03:53
"T".
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"T" ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
03:54
"I thought of -- duv, duv -- I thought of a better example."
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"ููƒุฑุช ููŠ - duv ุŒ duv - ููƒุฑุช ููŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃูุถู„."
04:00
So, those are some flapped "T" examples.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ "T" ุงู„ู…ุฑูุฑูุฉ.
04:04
I hope that they were helpful.
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ุขู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠู†.
04:06
There are many examples of these in American English, so remember, if you want to learn
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
04:11
more, if you want more practice and support, come visit me at gonaturalenglish.com and
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ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุฏุนู… ุŒ ุชูุถู„ ุจุฒูŠุงุฑุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ gonaturalenglish.com
04:16
you can learn more about the premium course.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ.
04:20
I hope you enjoyed this tip.
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ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุช ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุญุฉ.
04:21
Make sure to come back.
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ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ.
04:22
Make sure to subscribe on YouTube and listen to the podcasts, the Go Natural English podcasts
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ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ุนู„ู‰ YouTube ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุฏูƒุงุณุช ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุฏูƒุงุณุช Go Natural English
04:28
on iTunes for ios or on Stitcher if you have an Android device.
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ุนู„ู‰ iTunes ู„ู†ุธุงู… iOS ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ Stitcher ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ Android.
04:33
So you can listen to Go Natural English five times a week or watch here on YouTube three
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ู„ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ Go Natural English ุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ YouTube ุซู„ุงุซ
04:38
times a week.
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ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน.
04:39
Also, come over and talk to us on Facebook -- facebook.com/gonaturalenglish and on Twitter
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ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ุชุนุงู„ ูˆุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ Facebook - facebook.com/gonaturalenglish ูˆุนู„ู‰ Twitter
04:47
at gonaturaleng.
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ุนู„ู‰ gonaturaleng.
04:49
I would love for you to join the conversation and practice your English on social media
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุชู†ุถู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ูˆู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ู„ุบุชูƒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
04:53
with us.
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ู…ุนู†ุง.
04:54
Thanks so much for being part of the community and I'll talk to you soon.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆุณุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง.
05:00
Bye for now.
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ูˆุฏุงุนุง ุงู„ุขู†.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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