How to write a good essay: Paraphrasing the question

11,467,374 views ใƒป 2016-09-13

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi, there. My name is Emma, and in today's video I'm going to teach you something very
0
2445
4475
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
00:06
important for if you're taking any type of test that has a writing component. So, if
1
6920
6560
ใงใฏใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ฆ็ด ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:13
you are taking the IELTS, the TOEFL, the CELPIP, even just a university test, it can be any
2
13480
7730
ใ€IELTSใ€TOEFLใ€CELPIP ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช
00:21
type of test, but if you're asked to write something like an essay or a paragraph, this
3
21210
7079
็จฎ้กžใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚„ๆฎต่ฝใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ
00:28
video is for you. Okay? So I'm going to teach you a very important skill that will help
4
28289
6541
ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™. . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็‚นๆ•ฐ ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:34
improve your marks when it comes to writing on tests. So, let's get started.
5
34830
6906
. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:41
So, I have here an essay question. This question is actually... I've seen it on the IELTS.
6
41761
6499
ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝœๆ–‡ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ• ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ... IELTS ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
You know, you have similar types of questions on the TOEFL, sometimes in university. The
7
48260
4680
ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€TOEFL ใงไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ•้กŒใŒๅ‡บ้กŒ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคงๅญฆใงใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:52
question is this: "Education is the single most important factor in the development of
8
52940
6190
ๅ•้กŒใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใ€ๅ›ฝ ใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใฎ 1 ใค
00:59
a country. Do you agree or disagree?" Or maybe: "To what extent do you agree or disagree?"
9
59155
7924
ใงใ™ใ€‚่ณ›ๆˆใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ่ณ›ๆˆใพใŸใฏๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
01:07
So, this is an example of a question you might be asked.
10
67079
4001
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„่ณชๅ•ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:11
Now, a problem a lot of students have is in their answer to this question. They see this,
11
71080
7230
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ
01:18
and they think: "Okay, education is the most important factor in the development of a country,
12
78310
3950
ใ‚ˆใ†
01:22
yes, I agree." So then they... Or: "I disagree", and they start writing. And what do they write?
13
82260
6330
ใซ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ... ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ็งใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใจๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:28
Usually the very first thing students will write is this:
14
88590
3664
้€šๅธธใ€ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Š
01:32
"I agree that education is the single most important factor in the development of a country because..." So, what is the problem
15
92488
7852
01:40
with this? Is there any problem to start off your essay with something like this, or to
16
100340
4389
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซไฝ•ใ‹ๅ•้กŒใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
01:44
start off your answer? There's a big problem. So I want you to take a moment and think:
17
104729
5381
ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅคงใใชๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎ
01:50
"What could be the problem with starting your essay off with this sentence?"
18
110110
6210
ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:57
Okay, well, if you noticed, you have here the word: "education, education, is, is, the single most important,
19
117543
8936
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ€
02:06
most important factor". If you notice, these are the same. They're the exact same, except
20
126479
5061
ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆๅ› ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ‘ใฐใ“ใกใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ€‚
02:11
for: "I agree that" and "because". The student, here, has used the exact same wording that
21
131540
6809
ใ€ŒๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใจ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
02:18
is in the question. So, if you do this on the IELTS-and many students do this, same
22
138349
5521
ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€IELTS ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€TOEFL ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒ
02:23
with on the TOEFL-you actually will lose marks, and same with in university, because you're
23
143870
5949
ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ๅคงๅญฆใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚่ƒฝ
02:29
not showing your abilities; you're just copying what somebody else has said or what the essay
24
149819
7111
ๅŠ›ใ‚’็™บๆฎใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚„ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎ
02:36
question is.
25
156930
1080
่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
So, in this video, I'm going to show you first off... First off, I'm going to tell you: Don't
26
158423
5046
ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ— ใพใ™... ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€
02:43
do this, don't copy. And I'm going to teach you ways in order to improve yourself and
27
163469
6821
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
02:50
your answer by changing this wording. How can you change your introduction so it's different
28
170290
7429
ใ“ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๅ›žใ—ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใจใฏ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ดนไป‹ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™
02:57
than what the question is? Okay? So, let's look at how to make these changes.
29
177719
5713
ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:04
Okay, so what we are going to do in order to change the question into a proper answer
30
184425
7104
ใงใฏ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๅ›ž็ญ”ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
03:11
that doesn't just copy the question, is we are going to paraphrase. So, the word here
31
191529
5740
็งใŸใก ใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ˜่ชž
03:17
is: "paraphrase". This might be a new word for you. What does it mean to paraphrase something?
32
197269
6513
ใฏใ€Œ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
03:23
Well, when we paraphrase, it means we take a sentence that, you know... We take somebody
33
203907
6262
ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™... ็งใŸใกใฏ
03:30
else's sentence and we change it into our own words. Okay? So, we change the words of
34
210169
6280
ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็งใŸใก ่‡ช่บซใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—
03:36
a sentence, we also change maybe the sentence structure, but we keep all the same meaning.
35
216449
7100
ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
Okay? So, the meaning from the sentence you copy, it stays the same, same meaning, but
36
223549
6150
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใพใพใงใ™ใŒใ€
03:49
different words and different sentence structure. Okay? So it's in your words, but this other
37
229699
5640
ๅ˜่ชžใจๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใฎ
03:55
person's meaning.
38
235339
1190
ไป–ไบบใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚
03:57
So, we are going to paraphrase this example of a question into our own words. So, first
39
237057
8322
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใš่ชžๅฝ™ใจๅŒ็พฉ่ชž
04:05
we're going to look at how to do that using vocabulary and synonyms. So, we have here
40
245379
5790
ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:11
the same question: "Education is the single most important factor in the development of
41
251169
4410
ใ€ๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใ€ๅ›ฝ ใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด 
04:15
a country." How can we put this into new words or our own words that keep the same meaning?
42
255579
7060
ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚„ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใค็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
04:23
Well, we can use synonyms. So, this might be a new word for you, too. A "synonym". "Synonyms"
43
263076
6384
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ€
04:29
are words that have the same meaning, but are different words. So, for example: "big"
44
269460
7160
ใจใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใง ใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€
04:36
and "large", they have the same meaning, just like: "huge", "enormous", these are synonyms
45
276620
6130
ใจใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใก ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅทจๅคงใชใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅทจๅคงใชใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบ’ใ„ใซๅŒ็พฉ่ชž
04:42
of each other; same meaning, but they're different words. So, you need to use different synonyms
46
282750
5990
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎ ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
04:48
so you don't just copy these words. You use synonyms to have words that have the same
47
288740
6160
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ˜ใซใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
04:54
meaning, but are different words.
48
294900
2520
ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
So, let's look at an example. Our first word, here, is: "education".
49
297584
4961
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฎ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
What's another word we can use instead of...? Instead of "education"? Well, there's different words we can use.
50
303153
7427
... ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใงใฏใชใ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
Maybe one could be: "schooling". Okay? So, we could change this word to "schooling".
51
310580
4589
ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
"Schooling is the single most important factor in the development of a country." What's another
52
315169
5451
ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใ€ๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด  ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็ง
05:20
word we can change? Well, maybe "most important". Instead of using the word "most important",
53
320620
6729
ใŸใกใŒๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€้‡่ฆใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆ
05:27
maybe we could use: "most significant" or "most essential". Okay? So: "essential", "significant".
54
327349
8404
ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œไธๅฏๆฌ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‡่ฆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
There are many words you can use. But the point here is: Find a word that has the same
55
336018
5051
ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™
05:41
meaning, but is a different word.
56
341069
2801
ใŒใ€ ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:44
Okay, here's another word: "factor". Can you think of another word for "factor"? Well,
57
344562
7637
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œๅ› ๅญใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฆๅ› ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹? ใˆใˆใจใ€
05:52
sometimes "factor", it can be an "aspect" or an "element". Okay? You can even say sometimes:
58
352199
6951
ใ€Œ่ฆๅ› ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅด้ขใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่ฆ็ด ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ้‡่ฆใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:59
"a significant role". Okay? Or: "a part". So, there's different words we can use that
59
359150
5600
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œไธ€้ƒจใ€ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
06:04
have similar meanings. In terms of the word "development", we can change the word "development"
60
364750
8370
ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
06:13
to "advancement", "progression", "evolution". Okay? And in terms of the word "country",
61
373120
8139
ใ‚’ใ€Œ้€ฒๆญฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้€ฒๆญฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้€ฒๅŒ–ใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ›ฝใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅ›ฝใ€ใฎ
06:21
another word for "country" is "nation". Okay?
62
381259
3710
ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€Œๅ›ฝๅฎถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:25
So, these are all synonyms, and this is what you want to do. When you look at the question,
63
385380
4879
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•
06:30
think about some new words you can use that have the same meaning. This is also important
64
390259
5650
ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:35
throughout your essay, because one problem a lot of students have is they keep using
65
395909
5121
ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฎ 1 ใคใฏ
06:41
the same word again, and again, and again in every sentence. This does not help you
66
401030
5470
ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใซใฏๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“
06:46
with your marks. It's better to use different words that have the same meaning. At the same
67
406500
5819
ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:52
time, you have to be careful, here, because some students, they find a new word, they
68
412319
5051
ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€
06:57
think it's a great word, but there is a little bit of a difference in meaning. So, you need
69
417370
5120
ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
07:02
to be really comfortable with the word you choose, and you need to know what it actually
70
422490
5122
้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใซ ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ€ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:07
means so it doesn't sound strange.
71
427637
2312
ใ€‚
07:10
Okay, so if we wanted to change this now, instead of saying:
72
430628
3246
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไปŠๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
07:13
"Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country",
73
433899
4818
ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใฏๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ่ฆ็ด ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
07:18
our paraphrase... Our first step
74
438742
1938
็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆ. ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
07:20
in our paraphrase could be changing these words to:
75
440680
2570
ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:23
"Schooling is the single most significant element in the advancement of a nation."
76
443275
9610
: ๅญฆๆ กๆ•™่‚ฒใฏ ใ€ๅ›ฝๅฎถใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:33
Okay? So that's just one example. So, now, let's
77
453096
3633
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใพใŸใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใง่ณชๅ•
07:36
look at another thing you can do in order to paraphrase the question on a test or exam.
78
456729
6710
ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
07:43
Okay, another way we can paraphrase is by changing the structure of the sentence. So,
79
463967
5222
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
07:49
for example, you might have a verb and, you know, which is an action, and you might change
80
469189
6111
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใฃ ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•ไฝœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
07:55
that into its noun form. So, for example, if your verb is "developing", you might change
81
475300
7250
ๅ่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œdevelopingใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:02
that into "development". You might change, similarly, a noun into a verb. Okay? So, for
82
482550
7739
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œdevelopmentใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:10
example, we just said "development" is the noun, it can turn into: "develop" or "developing".
83
490289
9701
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œdevelopmentใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œdevelopใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdevelopingใ€ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
You can also change things into adjectives. So, if, for example, you're talking about
84
499990
4160
ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
08:24
"technology", which is a noun, you can change this into the adjective form which is "technological".
85
504150
6893
ใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžๅฝขใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:31
So, changing the form of the word can help you with paraphrasing.
86
511160
4597
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅฝขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Also changing placement of the words can help you out. So, for example, in our original
87
515890
6180
ใพใŸใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ƒใฎ
08:42
sentence or the question was:
88
522070
3210
ๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใง
08:45
"Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country."
89
525305
5019
ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใฏ ๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:50
So, I've now changed some of the wording, as well as the order. Okay? So,
90
530349
4561
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ ๆ–‡่จ€ใจ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
08:54
here: "Education" is at the beginning. In my sentence:
91
534910
3467
ใ“ใ“ใซ๏ผšใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆ–‡็ซ 
08:58
"The most essential element of a nation's development is education."
92
538402
4335
ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด  ใฏๆ•™่‚ฒใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:02
I've changed the order of the sentence, so now
93
542762
2928
ๆ–‡ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸ ใฎใงใ€
09:05
"education" is at the end, instead of at the beginning. I've also started out with:
94
545690
5481
ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใ€ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใงใฏใชใๆœ€ๅพŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใพใŸ
09:11
"The most essential", as my beginning; whereas here, it was in the middle. You'll also notice
95
551196
7774
ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸ
09:18
we have, here: "in the development of a country", I've changed this to: "nation's development".
96
558970
7923
ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€Œๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œๅ›ฝๅฎถใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:26
I could also change this to: "country's development", instead of "the development of a country".
97
566918
8172
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:35
So, changing the order of the sentence and changing some of the structures can really
98
575090
4620
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆง‹้€ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
09:39
help you in terms of paraphrasing. Now let's learn one other way in which we can improve
99
579710
5050
่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใฎ็‚นใง้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆˆ็ธพ ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:44
our marks by paraphrasing.
100
584760
2640
ใ€‚
09:48
Okay, so the last tip I have about paraphrasing a question is using concessions. So, what
101
588108
6822
ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹้š›ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ ใฏใ€่ญฒๆญฉใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง
09:54
is a concession? Well, I want you to look at what the question actually says and my
102
594930
4790
ใ€่ญฒๆญฉใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใ€
09:59
new answer to it. The question, again, same question as before:
103
599720
4594
ใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใปใ—ใ„. ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ ไปฅๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:04
"Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country."
104
604339
5797
ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใ€ๅ›ฝใฎ็™บๅฑ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ่ฆ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:10
My answer... Okay, so I've changed some words and I've also changed the structure a bit, but there's one other thing I've added.
105
610864
6986
็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏ... ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ— ใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:18
"Although many would argue that the economy is the most important factor in nation-building,
106
618328
5862
ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆใฏๅ›ฝๅฎถๅปบ่จญใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใŒ ใ€
10:24
I think education has a far greater impact." So, what I've done here is I've added a concession.
107
624190
9630
็งใฏๆ•™่‚ฒใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†.ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€่ญฒๆญฉใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:33
A concession is where you say what the opposite opinion is, and then you say what your opinion
108
633820
7210
่ญฒๆญฉใจใฏใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ€ๆฌกใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚
10:41
is. So, you're giving two opinions; you're giving your opinion and also what other people
109
641030
7600
ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚
10:48
might think. This is a great thing to do, especially in essays, and this is something
110
648630
4660
่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰นใซใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
10:53
you can do at the beginning of your answer.
111
653290
3350
ๅ›ž็ญ”ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
So, we use here the key word: "Although". Okay? And you'll notice that this has two
112
657220
9220
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:06
clauses. I don't want to get too technical with grammar on you today, but what I mean
113
666465
5275
ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎ
11:11
is: If you see, we have the red part: "Although many would argue that the economy is the most
114
671740
5720
ใฏๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€่ตค่‰ฒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:17
important factor in nation-building," and then we have a second part. So, we have two
115
677460
5040
ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ฌฌไบŒ้ƒจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ
11:22
parts to this sentence. "...I think education has a far greater impact." So, the first part
116
682500
6510
้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œโ€ฆๆ•™่‚ฒ ใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
11:29
of the sentence is in red and it's the "Although" part, and the second part of the sentence
117
689010
6940
ใฏ่ตคใงใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฎ ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ็ดซใงใ€
11:35
is in purple-okay?-and that's: "I think education has a far greater impact."
118
695950
5295
ใ€Œ ๆ•™่‚ฒใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:41
And they're separated by a comma. So, a concession has two parts to it. You say what the other people think
119
701440
9577
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ญฒๆญฉใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:51
first, in this case: "Although many", "many" meaning people, we could also say: "many people".
120
711042
7468
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ ใฏไบบใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:58
"Although many would argue that the economy is the most important factor in nation-building,"
121
718510
6569
ใ€Œๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ็ตŒๆธˆ ใŒๅ›ฝๅฎถๅปบ่จญใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช่ฆๅ› ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไธปๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€
12:05
okay? So, this is what some people would say. Now I'm going to say what I think.
122
725283
5837
ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
12:11
"I think education has a far greater impact."
123
731145
4221
ใ€Œๆ•™่‚ฒ ใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:15
So, why is this a good idea? Well, one reason is because when you write a concession, when
124
735561
6979
ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€่ญฒๆญฉใ‚’ๆ›ธใ
12:22
you're showing what the opposite opinion of yours is, you're showing that you've thought
125
742540
4890
ใจใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใจๅๅฏพใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใงใ€ใใฎๅ•้กŒ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
12:27
about the issue. Okay? You're looking at both sides. You're not just looking at your opinion.
126
747430
6570
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธกๅดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:34
You're looking at both sides, and then you're making a judgment. So this shows that you're
127
754000
5030
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธกๆ–นใฎๅด้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ€ๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:39
thinking about the question, and you're really giving it some thought. And by representing
128
759030
6050
ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒๆ–นใ‚’ไปฃ่กจ
12:45
both sides, you're really showing critical thinking. So this is a very good idea to do.
129
765080
5160
ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ๆ€่€ƒใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ . ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:50
Okay, so the three things we've talked about today in terms of paraphrasing the question
130
770265
5327
ใ•ใฆใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸ3
12:55
is: Changing the words using synonyms, we've talked about changing the sentence structure,
131
775617
7323
ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹
13:02
and we've also talked about adding the other perspective using concessions. Okay? So, these
132
782940
6870
ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€่ญฒๆญฉใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไป–ใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
13:09
are three things you can do in order to change the question so you're not just copying what
133
789810
6760
ใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ•้กŒ็”จ็ด™ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใชใ‚Š
13:16
is on your test paper. Again, great thing to do if you're writing a high school essay,
134
796570
5859
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ซ˜ๆ กใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ€
13:22
university essay, TOEFL, IELTS, CELPIP, all of these things - this skill will really come
135
802454
6366
ๅคงๅญฆใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ€TOEFLใ€IELTSใ€CELPIPใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใก
13:28
in handy for you.
136
808820
1540
ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:30
Now, you might be wondering: "Okay, this is great, but I don't know any synonyms. Or I...
137
810614
5626
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“:ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใŒใ€็งใฏๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็งใฏ
13:36
You know, I don't know much about this." Well, what you can do is you can come check out
138
816240
4490
...ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„.ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
13:40
our website at www.engvid.com. There, you can find a lot of other resources, including
139
820730
6120
ใ€www.engvid.comใง็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ“ใงใฏใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฎๆ”นๅ–„ ใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
improving your vocabulary, we even have a video on how to make concessions, you know,
140
826850
7220
่ญฒๆญฉใฎไป•ๆ–น
13:54
we have videos on sentence structure, too. So, there's a lot of videos you can check
141
834070
3220
ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใงใใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
13:57
out and a lot of resources. You can also come visit our website where you will find a quiz,
142
837290
6503
ใ‚„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ ใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:03
and by taking that quiz, you can actually practice your paraphrasing skills so you can
143
843818
4822
ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
14:08
see, you know: "Am I doing this right? Is this...? You know, is this the right way to
144
848640
4810
ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•
14:13
do this?" and get more practice.
145
853475
2447
ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
14:16
So, I hope you've enjoyed this video.
146
856043
1793
ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚
14:17
And until next time, take care.
147
857861
2139
ใใ—ใฆๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7