Learn English: BY or WITH?

英語を学ぶ： BY それとも WITH？

Hello.

こんにちは。

My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on:

エマです。今日のビデオは 皆さんの質問に答えます。

What is the difference between "by" and "with"?

「"by" と "with" の 違いはなに？」

Many students make mistakes with "by" and "with", so in today's lesson I'm hoping to

"by" と "with" の使い方を間違える人は 少なくありません。そこで今回のレッスンで

help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes and you'll understand:

皆さんがこの 2 つの単語の 違いを理解して

What are the differences between these two words?

正しく使えるようになればと思います。

Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.

では始めるにあたり こんな質問を用意しました。

I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?

どちらが正しい使い方か よく考えてみてください。

I also want you to think which sentences...

他にも、どちらが 正しいか、だけでなく

Why are they correct?

その理由も考えてみましょう。

Okay?

So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?

正しい理由、 正しくない理由もです。

So my first sentence: "I learn English by watching engVid."

最初の文章は… "I learn English BY watching engVid."

Compare this to: "I learn English with watching engVid."

これを次を比べます。 "I learn English WITH watching engVid."

Which one do you think is the correct form?

どちらが正しい文章だと 思いますか

Do we use "by" or do we use "with"?

"by" を使うべきか "with" でしょうか？

Okay.

If you said: "I learn English by watching engVid." you are correct.

"I learn English BY watching engVid." と答えた方、正解です。

Okay? And I will explain why in the next part of this video.

このビデオの続きで 理由を説明します。

So: "I learn English with watching engVid."

つまり "I learn English WITH watching engVid."

no, we don't use that.

とは言いません。

Okay, so what about the next two?

では、もう一つの 例を見てみましょう。

"I write with a pen.", "I write by a pen."

”I write WITH a pen.”, ”I write BY a pen."

Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?

どちらが正しい文章で もう一つが間違いだという理由は？

Okay, if you said: "I write with a pen." you are correct.

"I write WITH a pen." と答えた方は正解です。

In this case this is the correct one.

今回はこちらが 正しい文章です。

And: "I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.

"I write BY a pen." ではありません。

So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.

では、2 つの違いを解説する前に 似ているところをみてみましょう。

How are "by" and "with" the same?

"by" と "with" に 共通するところは？

Well, they both answer the question: How?

どちらも「どうやって」という 質問に答えることができます。

Okay? So they're both the answer to the question: How?

方法をたずねる質問の 答えになります。

How do you learn English?

”How do you learn English? (どうやって英語を学んだの)”

I learn English by watching engVid.

”I learn English by watching engVid. (engVidを見て学びました)”

I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.

”I learn English by reading my dictionary every night. (毎晩、辞書を読み学びました)”

That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.

これはよくありませんが… ”I learn English by talking to people.(人と話して…)”

Okay? So that's answering how you do something.

このように、何かをする方法を 答えています。

Similarly with "with", it also answers the question: How?

"with" も同様に 方法をたずねる質問に答えます。

How do you write?

"How do you write? (どうやって書きますか？)"

Well, I write with a pen.

"Well, I write with a pen. (ペンで書きます)"

How do you eat dinner?

"How do you eat dinner? (どうやって夕食を食べますか)"

I eat dinner with a fork. Okay?

"I eat dinner with a fork. (フォークで食べます)" または

Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.

"I eat dinner with a fork. (箸で食べます)"

So they both answer the same question: How?

どちらも方法に関する 質問に答えます。

But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.

ただし、わずかに違うところもあります。 その違いをみていきましょう。

Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with "by".

では "by" を使った文章の例を 見てみましょう。

"I turn on the computer by pushing the on button."

"I turn on the computer by pushing the on button. (ON ボタンを押してコンピューターをつける)"

Okay? So this is, again, answering the question: How?

ここでも方法についての 質問に答えています。

How do you turn on the computer?

コンピューターをオンにする方法です。

Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.

ON ボタンを押してコンピューターを 起動します。

I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.

では、この文章を よく見てください。

What comes after "by"?

"by" の後に何がありますか？

We have here "pushing".

"pushing" です。

"Pushing" is a verb. Okay?

Pushing は動詞です。

So I'm just going to underline this.

ここにアンダーラインを しておきます。

So we often use...

何かをする

After "by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.

方法を説明する時には "by" の後に よく動詞が来ます。

Let's look at another example.

他の例を見てみましょう。

"I keep healthy by exercising."

"I keep healthy by exercising. (運動をして健康を保つ)"

So, again, after "by" you'll notice we have a verb: "exercise". Okay?

"by" の後ろに動詞の "exercise" が あるのに気づきましたね。

In this case it's "exercising".

この場合は "exercising" ですが。

So, one of the first things to notice is after "by" we often have a verb.

"by" の後にはよく動詞が来る ということがわかりました。

I have here: "by verb", but that's not all.

「by verb(by 動詞)」がありますが それだけではありません。

If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?

動詞の形は どうなっていますか？

Well, take a moment.

よく見てください。

What do "pushing" and "exercising" have in common?

"pushing" と "excercising" に 共通するのは？

They both end in "ing", so I'm going to write here: "ing".

どちらも "ing" 形です。 ここに "ing" と書きます。

Okay?

So we use "by", after "by" comes a verb, and then comes "ing".

"by" を使う場合、その後に動詞、 かつ "ing" 形になります。

You know: How do you keep clean?

例えば、"How do you keep clean? (どうやって清潔に保ちますか)"

I keep clean by showering.

"I keep clean by showering. (シャワーをして清潔にします)"

How do you study?

"How do you study? (どうやって勉強しますか)"

I study by...

私は…

Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.

…"not hanging out with my friends, (友達と過ごしたりせずに勉強します)" 遊んでいては勉強になりませんから。

I study by reading over my notes.

"I study by reading over my notes. (繰り返しノートを見て勉強します) "

Okay? So after "by" we have the verb and "ing".

"by" の後は動詞と "ing" が続きます。

So let's do one together.

では一緒にやってみましょう。

"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."

"I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube. (YouTube を＿＿＿、空手を学びました)"

What do you think the verb would be?

動詞は何だと 思いますか？

We could say: "by watch".

例えば"by watch"。

Is that right? "...by watch YouTube"?

これでいいですか？ "...by watch YouTube"?

No, we need the "ing", perfect.

"ing" が抜けていますね。

"I learned karate by watching YouTube."

"I learned karate (or karate) by watching YouTube. (YouTube を見て、空手を学びました)"

Okay? So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how, if you have a

これは方法を説明するのに 非常に便利です。

verb and "by" then you can explain how you do something.

動詞と "by" を使えば、何かをする 方法を説明できます。

Okay, now let's look at some of...

では、今度は

Some more differences between "with" and "by".

"with" と "by" の 違いを見てみましょう。

So before I begin teaching you more about "by" and "with", I just want to say that these

"by" と "with" について詳しく説明する前に 覚えておいてほしいことがあります。

are the general rules, and there are always times in English when rules are broken or

これらは基本的なルールで、常に英語では ルールに当てはまらないことや

when there are exceptions.

例外が存在します。

Okay? And so these are the most basic of the rules with "by" and "with".

つまり、これらは "by" と "with" の もっとも基本的なルールになります。

Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.

では、「名詞」について話す時について 見てみましょう。

We've just talked about using "by" with a verb ending in "ing" to answer how to do something.

"ing" 形の動詞を使って 方法を答える文章を説明しました。

Well, we can also talk about how...

他にも、方法や時に関して

When...

By using a noun.

名詞を使って話すこともできます。

So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.

念のためにおさらいすると 人、場所、物や考えなどが名詞です。

So let's look at some examples.

では例を見てみましょう。

Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to "by" is we

その前に、"by" に関する重要なルールを 説明します。通常、コミュニケーションに

often use it with communication. Okay?

関する方法と共に使います。 つまり、

So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use "by".

連絡手段について話す時 "by" をよく使います。

We also use "by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.

他にも、交通手段について話す時 頻繁に "by" を使います。

There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know

例外もたくさんありますが 今、皆さんに知っておいてほしいのは

for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.

交通手段や連絡手段に 主に使うということです。

So, for example: "I will contact you by email."

例えば、"I will contact you by email." (メールで連絡します)

"Email" is an example of a noun.

Email は名詞の例になります。

Okay? So this is not a verb.

動詞ではなく

In this case this is a noun.

ここでは名詞です。

"I will contact you by email."

"I will contact you by email."

And email is a form of communication.

メールは連絡手段の 一つです。

We can change this to: "I will contact you by phone.", "I will contact you by Messenger.",

これを"I will contact you by phone(電話で…)"、 "I will contact you by Messenger(メッセンジャーで…)."、

"I will contact you by pigeon."

"I will contact you by pigeon(伝書鳩で…)." に変えられます。

That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.

まさか鳩はないと思いますが、あくまで 連絡手段の例としてお考えください。

"I will message you by text."

"I will message you by text.(メッセージを送ります)"

Okay? So, again, these are communicated-based.

これらがコミュニケーションに 関する例です。

Then we use "by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.

今度は名詞の交通手段に "by" を使う例を 見てみましょう。

So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?

交通手段としての 名詞を例に挙げると…

We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries.

バス、地下鉄、自転車、ボート 飛行機、フェリーなどがあります。

Okay?

These...

他にも

Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.

バイク、タクシー、ウーバー。

These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.

すべて交通手段の一種で すべて名詞です。

So we can use "by" when we're talking about these nouns.

こうした名詞について話す時 "by" を使うことができます。

"I will go by bus.",

"I will go by bus. (バスで行きます)"

"I came by car."

"I came by car. (車で来ました)"

You'll also notice something.

お気づきのとおり

When we use "by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.

"by" と名詞を使う時 通常、冠詞はありません。

So I don't say: "I will go by a bus." or "I came by a car."

だから"I will go by a bus." や "I came by a car." とは言いません。

It's usually without any article.

冠詞なしで使います。

"I will go by bus."

"I will go by bus."

So there's no "the", no "a" here.

ここでは、"the" や "a" が いりません。

"I will go by subway.", "I will go by airplane.", "I will go by bike."

"I will go by subway(地下鉄で…).", "I will go by airplane(飛行機で…).", "I will go by bike(自転車で…)."

Okay?

So, again, we often use "by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation,

連絡手段や交通手段について語る時 "by" に名詞を付けて使います。

and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this

これ以外の場合にも使いますし 例外もありますが、これが

is the main rule.

基本的なルールです。

So now let's look at "how".

次は、"how" について…

I mean not "how", "with".

ではなくて "with" ですね

Let's look at "with".

"with" についてみてみます。

Okay, so now let's talk about "with".

では、今度は "with" について 説明します。

So just like "by", "with" answers the same question: How do you do something?

"by" のように、"with" も同様の質問に 答えます。物事をどのように行うのか？

Okay? So the question is: How?

つまり質問は「方法」です。

So I have here some examples.

いくつか例を紹介します。

How do Italians talk?

"How do Italians talk? (イタリア人はどんな風に話しますか)"

Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: "Italians talk with their hands."

もちろん、話し方はさまざまですが たとえば、

for example.

"Italians talk with their hands." (イタリア人は手を使って話します)"

How do you point?

"How do you point? (どうやって指し示しますか)"

"I point with my fingers."

"I point with my fingers. (指で指し示します)"

Okay.

So, these are some examples with "with".

これが "with" を使った 例文です。

So when we were talking about "by", we looked at "by" followed by a verb and followed by

"by" について説明した時、 "by" の後には動詞や名詞が続き

nouns, and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.

通常、名詞は連絡や交通に 関する手段だと言いました。

With "with" we use it usually with a noun.

"with" は通常 名詞と共に使います。

So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like "hands" is a noun, "fingers" is a noun.

名詞とは人、場所、または物でしたね "hands" は名詞で、"fingers" も名詞です。

And we usually use "with"...

一般的に "with" は…

And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it, but this is

「一般的に」と言ったのは、他にも多くの 場合に使うことがあるからですが

the main rule.

これが基本的なルールです。

We use "with" with body parts, with...

"with" は体の一部と 使ったり

When we're talking about tools or different instruments.

道具や器具について 話す場合に使います。

Okay?

So, for example: "Italians talk with their hands."

例えば、"Italians talk with their hands."

So we have "with" here and we have a body part: "hands".

ここに "with" があり、体の一部である "hands" があります。

Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands.

他にも耳の聞こえない人は 手を使って話をします。

"I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes."

"I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes. (つま先で指し示します)"

Okay? So, again, we have another body part: "fingers".

ここでも体の一部の "fingers" が出てきました。

"I think with my brain.", "I smile with my teeth and lips.", "I run with my legs."

"I think with my brain(頭で考える).", "I smile with my teeth and lips(歯と唇でほほ笑む).", "I run with my legs(脚で走る)."

Okay? So we use it for body parts.

体の一部を用いる時に使います。

We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.

道具や器具について話す時にも "with" を使うことができます。

So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use.

器具について話す、つまり私たちが 使う物について話をする時です。

"I cleaned the floor..."

"I cleaned the floor... (床を掃除しました)"

How? How did you clean the floor?

どうやって？どうやって 床を掃除したのでしょうか？

"Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop."

"I cleaned the floor with a mop. (モップで床掃除をしました)"

So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.

「モップ」は道具または器具と いうことになります。

You can say: "I cleaned the floor with a broom.", "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan.",

"I cleaned the floor with a broom(ほうきで…)." や "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan(ちり取りで…)." とも言えます。

"I ate dinner with a fork."

"I ate dinner with a fork. (フォークで夕食を食べました)"

So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?

これは、どうやって夕食を 食べたのかを答えています。

"I ate dinner with chopsticks.", "I ate dinner with a spoon."

"I ate dinner with chopsticks.(箸で…)" "I ate dinner with a spoon.(スプーンで…)"

Okay?

How did you cook?

どうやって料理したの？

"I cooked with a microwave.", "I cooked with a pot.", "I cooked with an oven."

"I cooked with a microwave.(電子レンジで料理しました)" "I cooked with a pot.(鍋で…)", "I cooked with an oven.(オーブンで…)"

You know: How did you camp?

"How did you camp? (どうやって野営したの)"

"I camped with a tent."

"I camped with a tent. (テントで野営しました)"

So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments;

体の一部、道具、器具といった 何かをする役に立つ物について話す時

things that help you do things.

よく "with" を使います。

Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.

さて、色々と説明をしてきました。

We've covered "by" with verbs, we've covered "by" with nouns, and we've covered "with"

"by"+動詞、"by"+名詞 "with"+名詞について

with nouns.

学びました。

So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com.

ぜひ、私たちのウェブサイト www.engvid.com にアクセスしてみてください。

There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video.

このビデオで学んだことを練習できる 小テストがあります。

Okay?

You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.

役立つ情報を用意しています。 実際に知識を試してみてください。

I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.

よかったら、この YouTube チャンネルに 登録してみてください。

There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening,

文法や発音、会話、リスニング、その他 英語学習に関するさまざまな情報を

and all things English.

用意しています。

So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.

ご覧いただき、ありがとうございました。 また次回、お会いしましょう。