5 "Grammar Rules" (myths) your teachers HAVE BEEN LYING about!

714,129 views ใƒป 2020-02-19

English with Lucy


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
(upbeat music)
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(๊ฒฝ์พŒํ•œ ์Œ์•…)
00:10
- Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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- ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Today I am going to talk to you about
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
00:16
five strict English grammar rules
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5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:20
that natives don't always follow.
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.
00:23
Yes, that's right.
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Your teacher may have been lying to you.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Quickly before we get started, I would just like to thank
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:30
the sponsor of today's video it is italki.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ italki์˜ ์Šคํฐ์„œ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
And if you haven't heard of italki before,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ „์— italki์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, Italki๋Š”
00:36
it's a huge online database of both
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00:38
native and nonnative teachers
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00:40
who give one-to-one video lessons 24 hours a day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ฃผ
00:44
seven days a week.
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7์ผ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“ 
00:45
You can learn English and over 130 other languages
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์˜์–ด์™€ 130๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
from anywhere in the world, anytime as long as you have
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00:53
a stable internet connection.
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.
00:56
It's an incredibly affordable way of learning a language,
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00:59
much cheaper than an offline tutor or a language academy.
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์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ํŠœํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์–ดํ•™์›๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:03
So many of my students message me
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
01:06
and ask me how they can meet and talk to native speakers.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Well, italki is a really good option
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Italki๋Š”
01:11
because not only do they have qualified teachers,
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์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ• 
01:14
they also have community teachers who will practise
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:17
conversation with you.
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.
01:19
They've given me a special offer to pass onto you.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด๋“  ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ํ›„ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:22
You can get $10 worth of italki credits
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$10 ์ƒ๋‹น์˜ italki ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง์„
01:24
in your student wallet, 48 hours after making
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ํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์— ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
01:27
your first purchase of any amount,
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01:29
or you've got to do is click on the link
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01:31
in the description box and sign up.
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Right, let's get started with the lesson.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
01:37
All right, let's start with the first rule of English.
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์ž, ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
There are no rules.
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๊ทœ์น™์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
(laughs)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:45
That's just a joke.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—์š”.
01:46
There are many rules,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:47
but we don't follow all of them
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:49
and that is what this video is about.
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
I just thought that was a lovely example
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:54
of how confusing language is.
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.
01:58
Let's be serious.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•ด์ง€์ž.
01:59
Now, the first rule that we like to break
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™
02:03
and the rule that doesn't always apply,
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๊ณผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์€
02:06
many teachers will tell you that you should never
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
02:09
ever end a sentence with a preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Well, I'm about to prove your teacher's wrong.
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์ž, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
There are quite a few situations in which you can end
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02:21
a sentence with a preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Now, if you can remove the preposition
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:26
from the end of a sentence without it changing the meaning
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02:30
of the sentence, then you should do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
But what about situations in which the meaning has changed?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
02:37
Oh, let's talk about phrasal verbs.
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์•„, ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:40
These other verbs made of a verb
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๋™์‚ฌ
02:43
and at least one preposition.
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์™€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค.
02:46
Keep up, run down, get up,
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Keep up, run down, get up,
02:49
put on, often sentences that use phrasal verbs,
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put on, ์ข…์ข… ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
02:53
end with a preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
For example, I think you should get up.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Or I hope you can come over.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Both of these sentences end with a preposition
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
03:04
and it can't be avoided.
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ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
If we remove the preposition,
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด
03:07
the meaning will change and we can't really
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •๋ ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
rearrange it to avoid the preposition being put at the end.
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.
03:13
Sometimes it's even okay to end a sentence
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
03:16
with a preposition
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03:16
even if you aren't using a phrasal verb,
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
you might be able to rewrite these sentences
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03:22
to avoid them ending with a preposition,
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜
03:25
but it's not always necessary.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
You might be over complicating things.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
An example, does anyone know where he came from?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:33
I could rewrite the sentence to say,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
does anyone know from where he came?
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:38
But it would sound so unbelievably old fashioned.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Does anyone know where he came from?
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:44
Is perfectly fine.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Right, rule number two, the rule I want to debunk,
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๋งž์•„, ๊ทœ์น™ 2๋ฒˆ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํญ๋กœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ทœ์น™,
03:51
(chackles)
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03:51
you should always say someone and I,
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(๋‚„๋‚„)
๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:55
not someone and me.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด.
03:58
This one is close to my heart
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
04:00
because I had it drummed into me when I was at school
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:05
both by my teachers and my mother,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋“ค๊ฒจ ๋งž์•˜๊ณ 
04:08
and my teachers and my mother were misinformed at school.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Let's take a look at four sentences all regarding the zoo.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Lucy and I went to the zoo with Tom.
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Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
04:22
Lucy and me went to the zoo with Tom.
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Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
04:26
Tom went to the zoo with Lucy and I.
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Tom์€ Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜๋ž‘ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.
04:30
And Tom went to the zoo with Lucy and me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Tom์€ Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜๋ž‘ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.
04:33
Two of these sentences are incorrect
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
04:36
and two of them are correct.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
The question of whether to use I or me,
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I๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ me๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
04:41
it comes down to whether you're using the word as a subject
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
04:44
or an object in the sentence.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Both words are pronouns,
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
04:49
but I as a subject pronoun
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ I๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
04:51
and me is an object pronoun.
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์ด๊ณ  me๋Š” ๋ชฉ์  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Native speakers, you can be forgiven
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
04:56
for getting confused with this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์„œ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
I never learned this at school,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ
05:00
so after the first two,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ดํ›„
05:02
Lucy and I went to the zoo with Tom,
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Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:04
it would be correct
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05:05
because I is the subject of the sentence.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
05:09
You can work this out by removing the extra bit,
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํŠธ,
05:12
the Lucy and bit does it work on its own?
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Lucy ๋ฐ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:16
I went to the zoo with Tom,
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๋‚˜๋Š” Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”
05:18
or me went to the zoo with Tom.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:20
Well, me went, sounds very, very wrong.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”์–ด, ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
05:23
So it's, I went.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:25
However, in the second two sentences
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:27
it is the opposite.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Remove Lucy and again, in the second two sentences,
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Lucy๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
05:33
Tom went to the zoo with I, sounds weird.
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Tom์ด I์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So it's Tom went to the zoo with me.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Tom์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:39
Tom went to the zoo with Lucy and me.
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Tom์€ Lucy์™€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
05:42
In this case me is the object of the sentence.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ me๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
So many native speakers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
05:49
will always be taught to say someone and I,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ someone and I๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
when actually in many cases, someone
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— someone
05:53
and me is the correct version.
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and me๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Number three, a big rule that came up recently after
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ œ๋ชฉ์— ์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ํฐ ๊ทœ์น™์€
06:01
I used one of these in a title of my videos,
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06:04
it is that you should never split an infinitive.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Many teachers will tell you this
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๋งŽ์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด
06:11
because they are simplifying things a little bit,
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์ผ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
but in reality we do split infinitives.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So infinitives are the two word forms of verbs like to run,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” to run,
06:23
to laugh, to play.
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to laugh, to play์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
When you split an infinitive,
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ
06:26
you put something normally an adverb
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:29
between those two words,
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06:31
for example, to quickly run, to carefully read,
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06:35
to playfully dance.
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.
06:36
So often it's a case of it just sounding better
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06:39
when we split an infinitive,
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๋•Œ
06:40
it sounds more natural.
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๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
For example, I'm going to quickly run to the shop.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
06:46
This sounds better than
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”
06:47
I'm going to run to the shop quickly.
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.
06:50
But in some more complex cases,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
06:52
moving the adverb can actually change the meaning
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
06:55
of the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Take a look at this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:58
I'm going to really kiss him when I see him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํ‚ค์Šคํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:02
If I say I'm going to really kiss someone,
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I'm going to kiss someone. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด,
07:05
it means that it's going to be quite a kiss, a big kiss,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ‚ค์Šค, ํฐ ํ‚ค์Šค,
07:09
a very strong one.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ‚ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
If I say, I am really going to kiss him when I see him,
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์ •๋ง ๋ณด์ž ๋งˆ์ž ๋ฝ€๋ฝ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:14
rather than talking about the strength of the kiss,
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๋ฝ€๋ฝ€์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•จ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
07:18
I'm almost conveying a sense of determination.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฐํ•œ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
It's only a slight difference,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ผ ๋ฟ
07:22
but it does change the meaning.
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Now, some sentences actually require a split infinitive,
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:29
which makes it all the more bananas
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07:31
that teachers tell you to never split an infinitive.
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๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Let's go straight in with an example.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
He expects the staff numbers to more than triple
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
07:40
over the next five years.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
You can't move more than in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:45
You can't put it in another place
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
whilst retaining the meaning.
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.
07:48
This sentence requires a split infinitive.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Number four is,
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4๋ฒˆ์€,
07:55
we should always use there are instead of there is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ there are ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
07:59
before a plural.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
So many teachers will tell you always use
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
08:04
there is then a singular and there are then a plural,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
this doesn't always apply.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
People get very upset about it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
In the comment section, if I use there is
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๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ
08:16
before what they consider to be a plural,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์— there๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:19
I'm going to explain that use
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:20
but I would admit many native speakers, myself included,
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์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
08:24
do make mistakes and get confused
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:26
with there is and there are,
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there is์™€ there๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ,
08:28
because we speak so quickly that we don't give ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:31
time to plan whether there is is needed
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
08:34
or there are is needed.
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๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So just to cover the basics we use there is, and there are,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:41
when we first refer to the presence or existence
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08:45
of someone or something.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ there is ๋ฐ there are๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
There is and also there's are both singular forms.
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There is์™€ there's ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
There's is the reduction of there is.
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๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
There is, there's.
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์žˆ๋‹ค, ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
There's is most commonly used in informal speaking.
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
So instead of saying it is a fly on my head, (laughs)
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:06
we would say there's or there is a fly on my head.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
09:11
There are is the plural form of there is and there's.
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there is์™€ there's์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
An example, there are two spots on my face.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด ์–ผ๊ตด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
Now in speaking and in some informal writing,
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ
09:26
we sometimes use there's when it refers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” there's๋ฅผ
09:29
to more than one thing.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Bear in mind that this use can be considered
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์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
09:33
incorrect in examinations.
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์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:37
It's not uncommon to hear native speakers make this mistake.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
09:41
I might say there's many cakes instead of,
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์„œ
09:44
there are many cakes because I'm just so used to saying
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:48
there's all the time.
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.
09:50
There's one apple, there's two apples.
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
It feels almost natural to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Now this is considered to be incorrect.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
However, there are actually some situations in which
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„
10:02
it is considered to be it correct to use there's
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:06
then a plural.
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.
10:08
Let's have a look at collecting phrases.
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๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
One in particular is a number of, a number of,
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:16
would I say there is a number of cakes for sale.
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ํŒ๋งค์šฉ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
There's a number of cakes for sale,
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ํŒ๋งค์šฉ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ
10:21
or there are a number of cakes for sale.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒ๋งค์šฉ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Well it's actually really difficult to work out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
In a construction like this
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:29
the verb is being pulled to there, number, and cakes
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๋™์‚ฌ , ์ˆซ์ž, ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€
10:34
all at once.
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ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
You can work out whether you should use
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10:37
there is or there are in this situation
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด there is๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ there are๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:39
by focusing on emphasis.
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.
10:42
Use is if you want to emphasise the group as a whole,
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Use๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
10:47
there is a number of, the group cakes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ผ€์ดํฌ
10:52
or use are if you want to emphasise the individual
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๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
10:56
members of that group,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
10:58
each individual cake,
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ผ€์ดํฌ,
11:00
there are a number of individual cakes.
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๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
This works with a number of, (laughs)
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , (์›ƒ์Œ)
11:07
collecting phrases like a variety of,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
11:10
there is a variety of drinks at the bar.
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๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Or there are a variety of drinks at the bar.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Both work depending on what you want to emphasise.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Now we do use there are when talking about a lot of,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ there are๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
and this is a mistake that a lot of native speakers make,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:28
myself included.
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.
11:29
Again, we shouldn't say there's a lot of people
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฉ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:32
in the room.
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.
11:33
We should say there are a lot of people in the room.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
But you will hear this mistake made.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Now with the phrase, there is two dogs, ever be correct.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Well, sort of if two dogs were included as part of a list,
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์Œ, ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:52
sometimes there are just sounds wrong.
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๊ฐ€๋” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
I wouldn't say there are a cat,
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11:58
two dogs and a cow on the farm.
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๋†์žฅ์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐœ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
I would say there is a cat,
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12:02
two dogs and a cow on the farm.
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๋†์žฅ์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฐœ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So that is a clear example of there is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
12:08
used before a singular
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12:10
but a singular formed as part of a list.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Some grammar lovers (laughs)
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€(์›ƒ์Œ)๋Š”
12:17
will still insist that this is incorrect
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:19
but I'm not with them on this one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
It just sounds wrong.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
If you are ever in doubt, you can actually
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์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
12:26
rewrite the sentence to avoid using there is
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ there is
12:29
and there are.
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๋ฐ there are๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
And the last rule number five,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€
12:35
you should always say if I were
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ํ•ญ์ƒ '๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
12:38
rather than if I was.
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๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” '๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Now, you will hear a lot of people making a mistake
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:44
with if I were and if I was,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
12:46
they will say if I was when they are meant to say if I were,
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๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
however again, I was brought up to always say if I were,
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,
12:55
when actually in some situations
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:58
if I was is correct and if I were is incorrect.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
13:03
Shocker!
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13:03
Now this grammar rule might seem a little bit complicated
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์†Œ๋ฆ„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ!
์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜
13:06
at first, but actually it's not.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
There is a simple trick that you can use to remember
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์š”๋ น์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:11
and you will always get it right.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
You use the phrase, if I were
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ if I was๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:16
when using the subjunctive mood,
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.
13:19
this is used to talk about hypothetical situations.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:23
For example, if I were richer, I would buy a Tesla.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ€์ž๋ผ๋ฉด Tesla๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
True story, I would.
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์‹คํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
I really would like an electric car,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
13:32
but I need one that will go over farmland.
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๋†์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Anyway, if I were richer, I would buy a Tesla.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ€์ž๋ผ๋ฉด Tesla๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
I am imagining a situation in which I am richer,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒ
13:43
a hypothetical situation and I'm imagining
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ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:47
what I would do in that situation,
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€,
13:50
what that would mean for that version of myself.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:53
Now we use the phrase, if I was,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
13:55
if we are referring to something that did actually happen,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ
13:59
so we have, if I were hypothetical,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
14:01
if I was actually happened reality,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
14:05
so we often use it for reminiscing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ํšŒ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
An example, if I was late for registration
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋“ฑ๋ก์— ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:10
when I was at school,
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14:11
it was because my bus didn't arrive.
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๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
This isn't the most commonly used phrase on earth,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:16
but it's important to know that sometimes
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
14:18
if I was is correct.
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if I was๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Right, that's it for today's lesson.
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๋งž์•„์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
I hope you enjoyed it.
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14:23
I hope you learned something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
I really enjoyed doing the research for this video.
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
It was a quite surprising to see
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14:30
how much misinformation was spread around my primary,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ, ์ค‘, ๊ณ ๊ต์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค
14:35
middle and upper schools.
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.
14:36
(laughs)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ํ›„ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์—์„œ
14:38
Don't forget to check out italki you can get $10 worth
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$10 ์ƒ๋‹น
14:41
of italki credits for free in your student wallet
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์˜ italki ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” italki๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:44
48 hours after making your first purchase of any amount,
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14:48
or you've got to do is click on the link
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14:49
in the description box to sign up.
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๊ฐ€์ž… ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž.
14:51
Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:53
I've got my Facebook,
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๋‚ด Facebook,
14:54
my Instagram, my Twitter,
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๋‚ด Instagram, ๋‚ด Twitter,
14:56
and my personal channel, Lucy Bella Earl.
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๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฑ„๋„์ธ Lucy Bella Earl์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
(smacks)
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(๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ)
15:04
(upbeat music)
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(๊ฒฝ์พŒํ•œ ์Œ์•…)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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