How do posh people speak? Learn about language and social class in England

448,092 views ใƒป 2020-11-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going toย  look at what posh is, who are posh people,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ํฌ์‰ฌํ”ผํ”Œ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€,
00:05
and also look at the language of posh people.ย  But let me start with "What is posh?",ย ย 
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ํฌ์‰ฌํ”ผํ”Œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "ํฌ์‰ฌ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
because maybe you haven't heard of it. This is, Iย  would say, something specific to English, becauseย ย 
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๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์–ด์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:18
it has to do with the class system here. And theย  class system is how the society is organized, fromย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:27
top to bottom. Not in some kind of official way,ย  like you get a piece of paper that says what classย ย 
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. ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ๋Š” ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
you're in. But it is the family you're born intoย  and it has an impact on the kind of school you goย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:42
to, or the kind of job you do when you grow up.ย  So, although it's not an official formal thing,ย ย 
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์ž๋ž„ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜
00:50
it's something that affects life in the UK forย  English people, or - I said the UK there. Life inย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:59
England for English people, and it's still in theย  rest of the country, but I don't - I'm not sureย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ , ์ €๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
how strong it is there, or how it is different.ย  I'm talking about the English prospective. ย 
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Okay, so starting with a diagram here of theย  different classes in England. This is not toย ย 
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
scale. This is an estimate of how big theย  different classes are, the different socialย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ธต, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ
01:29
classes. So, if we start at the top with theย  crown, that's where the queen would be. She'sย ย 
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๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™•๊ด€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์™•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:36
at the top, because she's the queen. Then, thisย  first chunk here, U, means "upper class". It'sย ย 
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์—ฌ์™•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฒญํฌ์ธ U๋Š” '์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
quite small compared to the rest. Here are allย  the people, all the 60 million or however manyย ย 
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, 6000๋งŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€
01:53
people here, and here is the upper class.ย  Small amount of people is at the top. ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งจ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Next, we have the upper middle class, and that'sย  a bit bigger. Next, we have the middle class, andย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
now we're almost around half the population, aย  bit less when we include the middle class. Then,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
02:21
we have the working class. That's theย  biggest section. And the precariat. Thisย ย 
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๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„น์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ ˆ์นด๋ฆฌ์•„ํŠธ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:30
is a new class. I'll explain about it after. So, going back to the top. What kind of - howย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งจ ์œ„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ - ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:36
would we recognize these different groups ofย  people? How would we know who they are? Well,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ,
02:42
as a native-born English person, you just - youย  just know and you can tell. It's the languageย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ํƒœ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
people use, it's how they dress, it'sย  the job they do, things like that. Butย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด, ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ, ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:56
let's talk about jobs. What kinds of jobsย  would these people do, as an example? ย 
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์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:02
So, an upper class person. In the past, upperย  class people didn't work. They didn't need toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
03:08
work, because they inherited their money. Butย  nowadays, they do work a lot of the time. So,ย ย 
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:18
they might do jobs like being the head ofย  a charity, or they might work in banking inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:27
the city, or they might be - many actors are fromย  upper class backgrounds. So, they tend to do jobsย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์ถœ์‹ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
03:36
with really, really high status. Social power, andย  even better if it makes a lot of money as well. ย 
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ๋†’์€ ์ง€์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํž˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Next, we have the upper middle class. Theseย  are people who do things like - a surgeon. Aย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์œ„ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
surgeon would be upper middle class. Anย  architect would be upper middle class.ย ย 
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์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Professions that earn them a lot of money. And theย  professions that are hard to get into as well. ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ง์—…. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ง์—…๋„์š”.
04:07
Next, the middle class. Middle class - firstย  thing that comes to mind is teacher andย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต - ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€
04:15
managers in businesses. Middle class. Working class would be the jobs suchย ย 
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๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต. ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์€ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
as trades - tradespeople jobs. Bricklayer,ย  electrician, roofer, a nurse, working class.ย ย 
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. ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๊ณต, ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ, ์ง€๋ถ• ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰.
04:43
Those that I mention there, those are skilledย  working-class jobs. Working class could also - theย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์€ ๋˜ํ•œ -
04:53
lower part of the working class could also includeย  jobs - like working in retail. Yeah, workingย ย 
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๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋งค์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง์—…๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ,
05:03
in retail, being a farmer, things - but notย  owning the farm. If you own the farm, you're upย ย 
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์†Œ๋งค์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†๋ถ€๋กœ ์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†์žฅ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†์žฅ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:09
here. But if you work on a farm, you're here. Now, because the class system changes and evolves,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:17
it's called "working class", right? But many ofย  the people in the working class don't actuallyย ย 
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'๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„๊ธ‰'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
work. They get money from the government. Theyย  don't go to work. They're on benefits. Sometimes,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
05:35
it's because people can't get aย  job. They don't have any skills,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:39
really. No one wants to give them a job at all.ย  Or if they do find work, it's very temporary.ย ย 
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์ •๋ง. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
It's just a few days and then the job's finishedย  and the job doesn't have any good benefits toย ย 
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๋ฉฐ์น ๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
working there. Benefits in the sense of earningย  a pension and it's not stable. Things that - ifย ย 
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. ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
your job's like all - it's not secure. Or you have no job and no one will give you a job,ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง์—…์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
you would be in what's called the precariatย  class. Precariat means it's not stable here. ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ”„๋ ˆ์นด๋ฆฌ์•„ํŠธ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Precariat๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So yeah, bear that in mind. English people canย  just tell, generally, where other people are inย ย 
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๋„ค, ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
here. And a good question to answer now is also,ย  how much does it change in a person's life? Youย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ 
06:42
know, are you sort of born here and then you climbย  all the way up to the top by becoming successful,ย ย 
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์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์ƒ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚˜์š”
06:49
becoming rich? Well, it doesn't reallyย  happen a lot. There is flexibility. Someย ย 
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? ์Œ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
06:56
people go up to a profession much higher thanย  their parents were in, and the situation theyย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
were born in. But the thing about class is thatย  a great extent of it is how you were born. ย 
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.
07:12
So, over here in England, it's not only just aboutย  how much money you've got, it's where you're born.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
So, we have very, very wealthy people, forย  example, David Beckham and his wife, Victoriaย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด David Beckham๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด Victoria
07:27
Beckham who is called "Posh Spice". They must beย  super, super, super millionaires. But they areย ย 
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Beckham์€ "Posh Spice"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šˆํผ, ์Šˆํผ, ์Šˆํผ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์žฅ์ž์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
07:36
not considered upper class or upper middle class.ย  Or, depending on - I don't know where to put them,ย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:45
but they - basically, they've got all the money toย  live up here or really, really high up here, butย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
they - their personalities haven't really changedย  so much to make them different kind of person. ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด.
08:01
So, it's - it could be really different inย  your country, depending on whether the socialย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
08:10
hierarchy is so old, in a sense. We've been doingย  this for a really long time over here in Englandย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:17
because of the Queen and all that, so. So, now we've got that out of the way. Now,ย ย 
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์—ฌ์™•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด์ œ
08:23
let's go and talk about posh actors. How can youย  find examples of posh people and their language?ย ย 
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:32
Well, you could look for movies with these actorsย  in, because these will give you good examples.ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
If you like the way that the posh actors speakย  and you can learn to speak more like them. So,ย ย 
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์˜ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
there's Benedict Cumberbatch. He's in theย  series "Sherlock", and that character he playsย ย 
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๋ฒ ๋„ค๋”•ํŠธ ์ปด๋ฒ„๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” '์…œ๋ก' ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:58
in "Sherlock" is posh. But in all his otherย  movies as well, he plays posh characters. ย 
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'์…œ๋ก'์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ™”๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Tom Hiddleston. He was in the movie "War Horse".ย  He played somebody posh in that. There's a filmย ย 
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ํ†ฐ ํžˆ๋“ค ์Šคํ„ด. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํ™” "์›Œ ํ˜ธ์Šค"์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
that came out a few years ago called "The Riotย  Club", "Riot Club" or "The Riot Club". And thisย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐœ๋ด‰ํ•œ 'The Riot Club', 'Riot Club' ๋˜๋Š” 'The Riot Club'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:23
was about students from Oxford University,ย  which is the top university or the second-topย ย 
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜
09:30
university. The - if you're posh, that's one ofย  the best universities to go to. So, the film isย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•™์ธ ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜ธํ™”๋กญ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š”
09:43
about how those students live and how they -ย  it's about what life is like for you if you'reย ย 
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
09:54
rich at one of those very, very top schools. Then we have Tilda Swinton. She is quite an artyย ย 
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‹ธ๋‹ค ์Šค์œˆํŠผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜ˆ์ˆ 
10:07
kind of actress. Doesn't necessarily always playย  the super, super posh character in the film,ย ย 
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์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์Šˆํผ, ์Šˆํผ ํฌ์‰ฌํ•œ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
10:16
but she is a genuine real posh person fromย  her family background. So, she's an exampleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
10:23
of the upper class person who is an actress. And then there's Keira Knightley, and when Keiraย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Keira Knightley๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Keira
10:32
Knightley was younger and in many films, she wasย  always playing Jane Austen kinds of characters inย ย 
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Knightley๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ Š๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ Jane Austen ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:39
her films. So, that's a good sign. If you seeย  those traditional English movies with the bigย ย 
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. ์ข‹์€ ์ง•์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ
10:46
dresses and old-fashioned speaking, that's aย  good sign that the actor or actress is posh orย ย 
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๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ณ ํ’์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋งํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กญ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:56
from a posh background. Usually, those kind ofย  films get those kind of actors and actresses. ย 
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ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ™”์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
Okay, so now I'm going to talk about - we'reย  talking about posh people and the languageย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” - ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:13
they use. The hard thing about it when you try toย  do a lesson on it is that you don't really meetย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์€
11:20
many people who admit to being posh. They say, "Ohย  yeah, I'm posh". You don't really admit it and Iย ย 
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ํ˜ธํ™”๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์˜ค ์˜ˆ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
11:26
think it's a case today that many people who areย  from posh backgrounds adapt their language downย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:37
when they're around the "normal" people. So, theyย  don't speak really, really posh. So, it's hard forย ย 
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"์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ" ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์ •๋ง ํ˜ธํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
11:44
you to hear it and catch exactly how posh peopleย  speak now. Plus, having distance really, reallyย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง
11:54
helps. So, it's hard to see it right now, how poshย  people speak now, but you know twenty years later,ย ย 
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๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ 20๋…„ ํ›„๋ฅผ
12:01
when you look back. Maybe it's easier to sayย  and say, "Oh, posh people spoke like this". ย 
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๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์•„, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
So, what I'm going to talk about now is howย  posh language was thought of and perceived backย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
in the past, okay? So, this comes from 1955,ย  this discussion about how posh people speak,ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Nancy Mitford์˜ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ 1955๋…„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:31
from the writing of Nancy Mitford. Nancy Mitfordย  was a journalist and a kind of socialite - upperย ย 
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. Nancy Mitford๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด์ž ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต๊ณ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
class socialite from those times. And one of theย  things she did was wrote about - one of the thingsย ย 
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๊ต๊ณ„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:49
she's famous for is writing about U and non-Uย  language. U language means upper class language.ย ย 
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U ์–ธ์–ด์™€ U๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . U ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
Non-U language means not upper class. And theseย  people are the social climbers. They could be theย ย 
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Non-U ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
13:09
middle-class people who earned more money andย  sort of climbing up. And these - or these couldย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€
13:16
be the upper middle class people as well, whoย  are spending time with upper class people. ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ค‘์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
So, what this means is whoever was not born in theย  upper class and had the right education and spentย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:36
time in the right schools learning all the correctย  upper class language. If you were not like that,ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:43
then your language wouldn't - it would soundย  like you don't belong there. Your languageย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
13:51
would give you away as not really belonging inย  the upper class parties or wherever you go. ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์ •๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
So, let's look at the signs in -ย  according to Nancy Mitford in 1955,ย ย 
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1955๋…„ Nancy Mitford์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
14:06
the - how we can describe non-U language,ย  not upper class, the people climbing up,ย ย 
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- ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋น„ U ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:16
they spoke in a way that was refined, fashionable,ย  fancy. And they used French origin words. So,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๊ธฐ์› ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
14:28
if we look at those descriptions, that sounds -ย  well yeah, speak like that, it all sounds good,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:34
doesn't it? Refined, you know, it's like elegant.ย  French origin words, sounds sophisticated. Andย ย 
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. ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๊ธฐ์› ๋‹จ์–ด, ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:42
they would use words such as "serviette",ย  "toilet", and they would say "pardon?" whenย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 'serviette', 'toilet'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  '์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
they want to say "What did you say?" Now, this allย  sounds good, but Nancy Mitford says this is - thisย ย 
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์–ธ์ œ "๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด?" ์ž, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ Nancy Mitford๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
15:02
looks bad. This makes you look like you reallyย  don't belong here. You shouldn't speak like this,ย ย 
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
and anyone who is really posh does notย  speak this way. It's not what you expect. ย 
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์ •๋ง ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
If you are upper class, if you're like Nancyย  Mitford, your language is more direct. You sayย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด Nancy Mitford์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋” ์ง์„ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
15:26
what it is. You've got nothing to prove. You knowย  that you're upper class. You know that you comeย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:34
from a good family. You know that your family hasย  connections. You know you have all the money youย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์—ฐ์ค„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:40
need. So, you're not trying to be refined orย  elegant like these people, or fashionable. Youย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒจ์…”๋„ˆ๋ธ”ํ•ด์ง€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
15:47
don't care. You have everything - you have all theย  status you need. You don't need to try hard withย ย 
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์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์• ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:53
your language. And what's interesting about theย  upper class for this time in 1955 was that they,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1955๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
16:01
in Nancy Mitford's opinion, is that they used manyย  of the same words as the working class people. So,ย ย 
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Nancy Mitford์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
16:09
the upper class people, back at that time, wereย  using a lot of the same words as the workingย ย 
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:16
class people, because these were the traditionalย  words of the things they were saying. Whereasย ย 
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. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
16:23
these ones were changing their language to soundย  better in their opinion. Oh, this is the rightย ย 
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ
16:30
way to speak. But they were trying a little bitย  too hard. So, Nancy Mitford said this is how weย ย 
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๋งํˆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Nancy Mitford๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
16:38
know the difference between someone who is reallyย  upper class and someone who is just trying. ย 
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
Now, we've got some example words coming up. Let's look at some examples of upper class wordsย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์œ„ ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:51
compared to non upper class words. The firstย  words are all to do with things in the home. So,ย ย 
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. ์ฒซ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
17:00
the upper class word is "house" and in Nancyย  Mitford's opinion, the non upper class word isย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '์ง‘'์ด๊ณ  Nancy Mitford์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
17:09
"home". They're synonyms, we use them in theย  same way, but one word shows that you belongย ย 
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'์ง‘'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™์˜์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
17:16
here with the Queen, and the other word showsย  that you, you know, climbing up higher. ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ์™•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
Next, we have "drawing room" and "sitting room".ย  These are the room in your house where youย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ "์‘์ ‘์‹ค"๊ณผ "๊ฑฐ์‹ค"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
entertain people when they come to visit. Theย  non upper class people would say "lounge". Andย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง‘ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '๋ผ์šด์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:40
if we remember that the non upper class peopleย  like words that have the French origin or soundย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
17:49
more refined, because "lounge" comes from French.ย  This is why it's attractive for them to use. ย 
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'๋ผ์šด์ง€'๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์–ด์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋” ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
Next, we have "lavatory" and lavatoryย  is generally shortened to "loo". This isย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 'ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค'์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ lavatory๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 'loo'๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
18:07
still - saying "Where's the loo?" is still a -ย  even though it was 1955, it's still one of theย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹- "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์–ด๋””์•ผ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ - ๋น„๋ก 1955๋…„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
18:19
things to show how posh is someone, because thereย  are many, many people who will - can only say theย ย 
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ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
18:29
word "loo" or "lavatory", and they can't sayย  that word "toilet". They have to avoid sayingย ย 
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"ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค"์ด๋‚˜ "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:36
that word. It's too - it's too low! So yeah,ย  this one is still the case. "Toilet" comes fromย ย 
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. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด - ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์˜ˆ, ์•„์ง๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค"
18:46
French as well; toilette comes from French. Sofa, it's where you sit in your lounge and watchย ย 
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๋„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†ŒํŒŒ, ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„ TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:56
the television. Ah, ah, ah. If you're upperย  class, you probably never watch television,ย ย 
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. ์•„ ์•„ ์•„. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
but they do have sofas. Whereas the non upperย  class people would sit on their settees orย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†ŒํŒŒ๋‚˜ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์•‰์ง€
19:10
couches, but "settee" is even lower thanย  "couch", I would say, in my sense of it. ย 
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๋งŒ 'settee'๋Š” 'couch'๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
Next, in 1955, the upper class people saidย  "looking glass". I'm going to look at the lookingย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 1955๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '๊ฑฐ์šธ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
glass at my reflection. But I don't think they sayย  it now. If you're upper class, please let me knowย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
19:38
whether you say "looking glass" because I don'tย  know, I need your feedback on this one. Theseย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด "๊ฑฐ์šธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
days, do you still say "looking glass"? Whereasย  the non upper class people said "mirror". ย 
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋„ "๊ฑฐ์šธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '๊ฑฐ์šธ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:50
And when they go to restaurants or when they'reย  eating, the upper class people would use theirย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
19:58
napkin, you know, very, very gently. And the nonย  upper class people would probably go like that orย ย 
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๋ƒ…ํ‚จ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:07
something, you know. Or maybe just use their hand.ย  Anyway, the word they would use is "serviette". ย 
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. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "serviette"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:13
So, these words are group together now. We'reย  moving on from the home. The upper class word isย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„ ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
20:21
to say you feel "sick". I'm feeling terribly sick.ย  But if you're not upper class, you say "ill". I'mย ย 
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'์•„ํ”„๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชน์‹œ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด "๋ณ‘"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
20:30
ill. Next, the upper class people, because they'reย  more direct and they say - they say what they seeย ย 
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์•„ํ”„๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด
20:41
or they tell it how it is, at least in thoseย  times. They would say a person is "rich", whoย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ "๋ถ€์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
has got lots of money, who is absolutely stinkingย  rich. Whereas the non upper class people would sayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
20:53
"wealthy", wealthy. It's not so - wealthy is moreย  of a sophisticated kind of word. Even though itย ย 
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'๋ถ€์ž', ๋ถ€์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:04
means about money, in a way, it's not so muchย  about money. "Rich" makes us imagine piles ofย ย 
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๋ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ€์ž"๋Š”
21:13
gold coins in a way that "wealthy" doesn't. Next, upper class people talk about false teeth.ย ย 
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"๋ถ€์ž"๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆํ™” ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‹€๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
Obviously, back in 1955, there were a lotย  more people who had false teeth because they,ย ย 
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ 1955๋…„์—๋Š” ํ‹€๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
21:28
especially in England, you know what our dentistsย  are like here. So, they lost a lot of their teethย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‹€๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ
21:34
and they didn't have them unless they wore theirย  false teeth. Whereas the non upper class people,ย ย 
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๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
21:41
they said "dentures". Believe that probably comesย  from French. Let me know in the comments. ย 
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'ํ‹€๋‹ˆ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
21:49
Upper class people said "spectacles",ย  not "glasses". And they would talk aboutย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '์•ˆ๊ฒฝ'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '์•ˆ๊ฒฝ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
21:57
riding their bike or bicycle, whereas theย  non upper class people would say "cycle".ย ย 
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "์‚ฌ์ดํด"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:05
And when it came to eating, the upper classย  people would say "pudding", whereas the nonย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 'ํ‘ธ๋”ฉ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
22:12
upper class people said "dessert". So, we are many years on from 1955 now.ย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '๋””์ €ํŠธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ 1955๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ์›”์ด ํ˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:21
Definitely some of the examples in thisย  lesson don't apply anymore. For example,ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
22:28
"looking glass". But I think it's true that,ย  in our times, there will still - there stillย ย 
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'๊ฑฐ์šธ'. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
22:35
is vocabulary that upper class people use that'sย  specific to them that, perhaps people who don'tย ย 
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:43
come from their social group, or who didn't go toย  the schools with them, people just don't know thisย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
22:51
language that they use. They wouldn't know what'sย  the right word to say, because they just haven'tย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
22:58
been around all the other people that say thoseย  words. If you didn't go to the expensive school,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„์‹ผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
23:05
you just wouldn't learn it. And like Iย  said, at the beginning of the lesson,ย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์—
23:09
upper class people these days often change theirย  language down to talk to the normal people. ย 
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
So, you - it's hard to know what - it would beย  very interesting to know, but hard to find out.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ - ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
What are the words, such as this today? It wouldย  be really interesting to know, but personally,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•Œ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
23:33
I don't know. So, there's another - if you'veย  got any examples, you can leave a commentย ย 
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์—์„œ
23:38
of words that you know are posh that peopleย  use today in the upper class. So, thank youย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” .
23:44
for watching and what you can do now is a quizย  on this lesson. See you again soon. Bye!
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ž. ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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