Expressing Comparatives in English - English language grammar lesson

71,459 views ใƒป 2014-03-16

English Addict with Mr Duncan


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:32
Hi everybody, this is Misterduncan in England.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒŸใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
How are you today?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:37
Are you okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
00:39
I hope so!
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„๏ผ
00:40
Are you happy?
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ๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
I hope so!
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ใใ†ใ ใจใ„ใ„๏ผ
00:44
In today's lesson I will be showing you some example of words and sentences that can be
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ
00:50
used to show the difference between things.
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ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใจๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
00:56
We will be taking a look at how we compare things using certain words and sentences.
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ใ—ใฆ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Things that we see, things we experience and the things we do.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€็ตŒ้จ“ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
01:08
In this lesson we will take a look at...comparatives.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
A comparative is a form of word usage that allows us to look at more than one thing and
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ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใฏใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
01:37
express both the similarities and the differences.
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ใ€้กžไผผ็‚นใจ็›ธ้•็‚นใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:44
You compare one thing to another.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
You compare something with another thing.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
In this sense you are making a comparison.
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
You are comparing one thing with another.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
Comparatives can be a single word or a whole sentence.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใฏใ€ๅ˜ไธ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:06
You can compare one thing to another, or many things with each other.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไบ’ใ„ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
The structure of a comparative can vary depending on what is being compared.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:20
You can compare the size or colour of similar things, or compare the differences between
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ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚„่‰ฒใ‚’ ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—
02:26
things that have little or nothing in common.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉใพใŸใฏใพใฃใŸใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
We compare things so as to work out what the positive and negative things are.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
The action of a making a comparison can allow us to make a decision about something.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ„ใ†่กŒ็‚บใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
If you have to make a choice from a selection of things, then you will more than likely
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้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ† ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Š
02:48
make a comparison.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
You will decide which thing suits you best.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœ€ใ‚‚้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
You will select the thing that is best for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœ€้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
We can use 'compare to' or 'compare with' when making a comparison.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œcompare toใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œcompare withใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:09
However there are differences between these forms of sentence.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๅฝขๅผใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:13
'Compare to' means that you highlight the things in common, while 'compare with' means
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ใ€Œๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€ใ€Œๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏ
03:20
that you examine the similarities and the differences.
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้กžไผผ็‚นใจ็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:27
You look at what is similar and what is different.
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ไฝ•ใŒไผผใฆใ„ใฆไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:31
The Shakespeare line - ''Shall I compare thee to a summer's day'' is expressing the desire
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ”ใ‚ขใฎใ‚ปใƒชใƒ• - ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅคใฎๆ—ฅใซๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€ใฏ
03:38
to compare the similar things and some might say, the positive things in common between
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ใ€ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†้ก˜ๆœ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅคใฎๆ—ฅใจ็พŽใ—ใ„ๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฎ ้–“ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ™ใ‚‹่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:44
a summer's day and a beautiful girl.
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.
03:55
You can compare almost anything.
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ใปใผไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
If you want to take a holiday, then you will need to decide where to go, where to stay,
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ไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใซๆปžๅœจใ™ใ‚‹
04:04
what type of accommodation you want or more importantly, what you can afford.
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ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅฎฟๆณŠๆ–ฝ่จญใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
You will compare destinations and locations, you will compare hotel costs.
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็›ฎ็š„ๅœฐใจๅ ดๆ‰€ ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎ่ฒป็”จใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
Can you afford a three star hotel or a four star one?
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3ใคๆ˜ŸใพใŸใฏ4ใคๆ˜Ÿใฎใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹?
04:23
You will compare the prices of the hotels.
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ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Before spending money, we normally make a comparison of some sort.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ‰ ใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:32
Which television should I buy, the expensive one or the slightly cheaper one?
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้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใจๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฎ‰ใ„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใฉใฃใกใ‚’่ฒทใ†ในใ ๏ผŸ
04:38
Which car insurance should I purchase?
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ใฉใฎ่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠไฟ้™บใซๅŠ ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:42
What are the differences between the low priced one and the much pricier one?
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ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใจ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้•ใ„ใจใฏ ๏ผŸ
04:48
If you cannot afford the expensive thing then there is a good chance that you will have
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้ซ˜ไพกใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฆฅๅ”ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
04:53
to make a compromise.
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ใ€‚
04:56
This means that you settle for something slightly less than you originally intended.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ฝใก็€ใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:04
A good example of comparing and compromising is buying a house.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใจๅฆฅๅ”ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏ ใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:13
Most people cannot afford the house they want, so they compare the ones they can afford and
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ฒทใˆใ‚‹ๅฎถ ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€
05:19
decide which gives them the most.
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ช่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:22
You really want a large house with a big garden, but all you can afford is a large house with
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏๅบƒใ„ๅบญไป˜ใใฎๅคงใใชๅฎถใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ
05:29
a small garden, or a small house with a large garden.
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ใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅบญไป˜ใใฎๅคงใใชๅฎถใ‹ใ€ๅคงใใชๅบญไป˜ใใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅฎถใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:34
So you have to compare the two and make a compromise.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธก่€…ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆๅฆฅๅ”ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
Comparisons will include the benefits of a large garden over a small one and the advantages
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใซใฏ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅบญใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅคงใใชๅบญใฎ
05:47
of having a large house, compared to a one.
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ๅˆฉ็‚นใจใ€ๅคงใใชๅฎถใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
It is not unusual for people to make compromises and quite often, the bigger the decision,
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ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฆฅๅ”ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็ใ—ใใชใ ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚Œ
05:59
the more compromises there are to be make.
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ใฐใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅฆฅๅ”ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
Unless you win millions on the lottery, there will always be compromises to be made.
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ๅฎใใ˜ใงไฝ•็™พไธ‡ใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‰ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ ๅธธใซๅฆฅๅ”ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:13
Let's look at some examples of comparatives...here are two
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ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ใ“ใ“ ใซ
06:19
I am taller than him.
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็งใŒๅฝผใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ 2 ใคใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
I am shorter than him.
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ƒŒใŒไฝŽใ„ใ€‚
06:28
He is happier.
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:31
He is sadder Here we are comparing size and mood.
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ๅฝผใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
Comparatives when looking at something or when making an observation.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚„ ่ฆณๅฏŸใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใพใŸใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
06:48
We use 'than' when making a direct comparison between two things or groups.X
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ใ‚’็›ดๆŽฅๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚X
06:54
Height - taller than - shorter than Weight - heavier than - lighter than
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้ซ˜ใ• - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็Ÿญใ„ ้‡้‡ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡ใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
07:06
Length - longer than - shorter than Width - wider than - narrower than
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07:16
Heat - hotter than - colder than Heat - warmer than - cooler than
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่ปฝใ„ ็†ฑใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ†ทใŸใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆš–ใ‹ใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆถผใ—ใ„
07:25
Fit - looser than - tighter than Light - brighter than - darker
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ทฉใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆ ๅ…‰ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ - ๆš—ใ„
07:35
Light - lighter than - duller than Emotion - happier than - sadder than
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ๅ…‰ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ˆใ„ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ… - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ› - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„
07:45
Price - costlier - cheaper Moisture - wetter than - drier than
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ไพกๆ ผ - ้ซ˜ไพก - ๅฎ‰ใ„ ๆนฟๆฐ— - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆนฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
07:57
Density - harder than - softer than Size - bigger than - smaller than
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ๅฏ†ๅบฆ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็กฌใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใ„
08:10
Sound - louder than - quieter than Depth - deeper than - shallower than
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้Ÿณ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้™ใ‹ ๆทฑใ• - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„ - ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆต…ใ„
08:22
Activity - busier - quieter
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ - ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ -
08:31
If you notice a change in something, then it is possible to use a comparative to show
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08:37
that this has been observed.
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้™ใ‹ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆณๆธฌใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
''You look taller.''
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ใ€Œ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใฃใŸ
08:41
''You seem happier.''
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€ใ€Œไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œ
08:43
''You look healthier.''
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅๅบทใซ
08:46
''You look thinner.''
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่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ€ใ€Œ็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€
08:49
We can compare how something is now to how it was.
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08:53
''You don't seem as happy as you did last week.''
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใปใฉๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
08:57
''You seemed happier last week.''
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:01
We can use 'more' or 'less' to show a comparison and in some cases 'much'.
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'more' ใพใŸใฏ 'less' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’็คบใ— ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ 'much' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
''You seem more happy today.''
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
''You seemed less happy last week.''
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ใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:13
''This coat is much cheaper than that one.
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ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใฏใ‚ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใšใฃใจๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:18
''We use more or less to show that something has become 'better' or 'worse'.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใŒใ€Œ่‰ฏใใชใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ‚ชใใชใฃใŸใ€ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™.
09:25
Of course this depends on whether it is used with a negative word or not.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
For example - 'more happy' is the same as 'less sad' and 'less happy' is the same as
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€'more happy' ใฏ 'less sad' ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€'less happy' ใฏ
09:39
'more sad'.
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'more sad' ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝขๅผ
09:41
It is always easier and more acceptable to use the simple form...'happier' and 'sadder'
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚„ใ™ใ„ ใงใ™...ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจใ€Œๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€
09:52
or 'more happy'...or simply 'better' and 'worse'.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใ€...ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ‚ชใ„ใ€.
10:03
When making comparisons we can say that one thing is not as...followed by the adjective.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
''It's not as cold as yesterday.''
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใปใฉๅฏ’ใใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œ
10:13
''You don't seem as happy as (you did) last week.''
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใปใฉๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ ใ€ใ€Œ
10:17
''It is not as hot as it was yesterday.''
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใปใฉๆš‘ใใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚“ใชใซๅนด
10:22
I'm not as old as you.''
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ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
10:25
In these sentences we are comparing something as it is now with how it was in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใจ
10:40
the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:45
Whenever I look at an old photograph of myself, I cannot help but make comparisons.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ˜”ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ›ใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:51
I looked so much younger then.
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็งใฏใใฎๆ™‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่‹ฅใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:54
I had so much more hair then.
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ใ‚ใฎ้ ƒใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซชใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:57
I seemed more relaxed back then.
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ใใฎๆ™‚ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:01
These are all comparative observations.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆฏ”่ผƒ่ฆณๅฏŸใงใ™ใ€‚
11:05
I'm comparing the Duncan of long ago, with the one of today.
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ๆ˜”ใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใจไปŠใฎใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
These comparisons are relevant in some ways and irrelevant in others.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ้–ข้€ฃๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใฏ็„ก้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบ
11:17
It is much easier to compare the appearance of a person then and now, than it is to compare
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ใฎๅค–่ฆ‹ ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ตŒ้Žใจใจใ‚‚ใซๅ‰ๅพŒใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ€งๆ ผใ‚„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใจ็พๅœจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜
11:25
their character or manner, as these things can change back and forth over time.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:37
There are some comparatives that do not exist but are sometimes wrongly used.
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใ— ใชใ„ใŒใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…้–“้•ใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:44
For example - gooder betterer worser dangerouser These are not real words.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฑ้™บใช ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:01
We can use 'more than' and 'less than' to show a comparison of cost, height, weight,
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ใ€ŒไปฅไธŠใ€ใจใ€Œไปฅไธ‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ€้ซ˜ใ•ใ€้‡้‡ใ€
12:11
length, width and general appearance.
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้•ทใ•ใ€ๅน…ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅค–่ฆณใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:16
Comparing things allows us to highlight the exact differences between two or more things.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ใ€2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎ็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎๆญฃ็ขบใช้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
If you were judging a singing contest, then you would be comparing the ability of each
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ๆญŒใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฏฉๆŸปใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅ„
12:28
contestant with the other who were performing.
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็ซถๆŠ€่€…ใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆผ”ๆŠ€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ็ซถๆŠ€่€…ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
12:32
It is hard to judge something without making some sort of comparison.
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ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’ใ›ใšใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:38
''She is a better singer than the previous contestant, but she looks more nervous than
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅ‰ใฎๅ‡บๅ ด่€…ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆญŒใŒใ†ใพใ„ใŒใ€
12:44
last week's winner.''
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฎๅ‹่€…ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
12:46
We can compare one thing with many other things.
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็ทŠๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹.ใ€
12:51
As I said earlier, making a comparison normally means that at some point, a choice has to
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ๅ…ˆใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ† ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใง้ธๆŠžใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
12:57
be made.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
Be it the winner of a talent show, or which brand of washing powder
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ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณใƒˆใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใฎๅ‹่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ๆด—ๅ‰คใฎใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚
13:13
to use.
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ใ†ใจใ€‚
13:15
I hope you have enjoyed today's lesson.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
13:19
How does it compare to the others I have made.
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็งใŒไฝœใฃใŸไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆฏ”ในใฆใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:22
It is better?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใ„ใงใ™๏ผŸ
13:23
Is it worse?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:25
Is it about the same?
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ใปใผๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:27
I'm sure you will let me know.
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ใใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:30
It is time for me to go now.
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ไปŠใ“ใ่กŒใๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:32
I have to decide what to have for dinner.
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็งใฏๅค•้ฃŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ๆฑบใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:35
What will it be.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:37
A fast quick ready meal, or a slow cooked healthy one?
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ใ™ใใซใงใใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ชฟ็†ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‹?
13:42
I will compare the two and make a decision.
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ไธก่€…ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
This is Misterduncan in England saying thanks for choosing to watch me teach you...and of
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎใƒŸใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ€ใƒณใ‚ซใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™...ใใ—ใฆ
13:54
course...ta-ta for now.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“...ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚ฟใ‚ฟใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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