What is a multinational? BBC Learning English

81,406 views ・ 2021-10-11

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Multinational corporations
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닀ꡭ적 κΈ°μ—…
00:03
– from the clothes we wear, to the technology we use,
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– μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž…λŠ” μ˜·μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
00:07
they influence and control our lives
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그듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이해할 수 μ—†λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 우리의 삢에 영ν–₯을 미치고 ν†΅μ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:10
in ways we possibly don't even understand.
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00:13
We'll show you how the law shapes their behaviour to keep us safe.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 법이 우리λ₯Ό μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 행동을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 보여쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
In this first episode... they're bigger than many countries,
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이 첫 번째 μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œμ—μ„œ... 그듀은 λ§Žμ€ ꡭ가보닀 크지
00:24
but what exactly is a multinational corporation?
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만 닀ꡭ적 기업이 μ •ν™•νžˆ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
00:28
With huge resources and growing power, what keeps them in line?
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λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μžμ›κ³Ό μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 힘으둜 그듀을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:33
And... is the law keeping up as these companies change themselves
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그리고... 이 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ 
00:38
and the world around us?
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κ³Ό 우리 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 세상을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ λ•Œ 법이 계속 μ§€μΌœμ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:45
Multinational corporations –
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닀ꡭ적 κΈ°μ—…(
00:47
private companies which operate in many nations –
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μ—¬λŸ¬ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μš΄μ˜λ˜λŠ” λ―Όκ°„ κΈ°μ—…)은
00:51
can be richer than some countries...
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일뢀 ꡭ가보닀 더 λΆ€μœ ν•  수 있으며... 점점
00:54
and they're getting richer.
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더 λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Kit Kats와 Cheerios둜 유λͺ…ν•œ
00:57
Food and drinks maker NestlΓ©, famous for Kit Kats and Cheerios,
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μ‹ν’ˆ 및 음료 μ œμ‘°μ—…μ²΄ NestlΓ©λŠ”
01:01
was worth around 350 billion dollars in 2020.
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2020년에 μ•½ 3,500μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
That's more than the economic output of Portugal.
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μ΄λŠ” 포λ₯΄νˆ¬κ°ˆμ˜ 경제 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰λ³΄λ‹€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Oil company Shell is worth 87 billion dollars –
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μ„μœ  νšŒμ‚¬ Shell은 콩고민주곡화ꡭ보닀 λ§Žμ€ 870μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:15
more than the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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01:18
And Apple, whose products you might be using now, is worth two trillion dollars.
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그리고 당신이 μ§€κΈˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ• ν”Œμ€ 2μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
That puts its wealth ahead of both Russia and Canada!
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그것은 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ™€ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λ³΄λ‹€ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ•žμ„œκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€! 졜근
01:30
How have companies got so big recently?
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:34
Well, in part the growth of the internet means that a company
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음, λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ μ„±μž₯은 νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
01:37
can be based in one place, but sell around the world.
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ν•œ 곳에 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ 두고 μ „ 세계에 νŒλ§€ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
And that means it can grow and become very powerful.
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그리고 그것은 그것이 μ„±μž₯ ν•˜κ³  맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Another aspect is China: it has opened up in recent decades
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 츑면은 μ€‘κ΅­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쀑ꡭ은 졜근 μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ°œλ°©λ˜μ–΄ μ „ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 투자λ₯Ό
01:48
and so has been able to attract investment from around the world,
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μœ μΉ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:53
helping these companies to grow bigger.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ 더 크게 μ„±μž₯ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ§€μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
The world is changing. These powerful international organisations
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세상은 λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ꡭ제 쑰직은
01:59
can know what we buy, who our friends are
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€,
02:02
and virtually everything else about us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ— κ΄€ν•œ 거의 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Questions have already been raised about how they're using this power.
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그듀이 이 νž˜μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 이미 μ œκΈ°λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
If they chose to abuse that power and even break the law,
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그듀이 κ·Έ ꢌλ ₯을 λ‚¨μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ μ„ νƒν•˜κ³  심지어 법을 μ–΄κΈ΄λ‹€λ©΄
02:15
what would stop them? We spoke to lawyer Mark Stephens
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무엇이 그듀을 막을 수 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Mark Stephens λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κ³  닀ꡭ적 기업이 컀짐에 따라
02:19
and asked how the law is changing as multinationals get bigger.
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법이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:24
The law's had to adapt and change from a nationally based system where,
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법λ₯ μ€ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œλ§Œ μš΄μ˜λ˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ 기반 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ 적응 및 λ³€κ²½λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
you know, a company would only work in one country, where...
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02:34
to the modern day, where companies will have multitudes of jurisdictions
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ„ κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λ―€λ‘œ
02:39
that they operate in and therefore they need
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ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
some kind of almost global control
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μΌμ’…μ˜ 거의 세계적인 ν†΅μ œ
02:45
and that's where international law comes in,
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이며 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
because it sets the standards – the basic minimum standards –
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ 그듀이 μ€€μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μ€€, 즉 κΈ°λ³Έ μ΅œμ†Œ 기쀀을 μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:52
that they have to comply with.
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02:53
Mark thinks the law needs to develop
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MarkλŠ”
02:55
to set basic standards for multinational corporations.
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닀ꡭ적 기업에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έ ν‘œμ€€μ„ μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 법λ₯ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Many laws were designed when companies were in just one country.
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ—λ§Œ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ λ§Žμ€ 법λ₯ μ΄ μ œμ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
So, how effective is the law in dealing with multinationals?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 법은 닀ꡭ적 기업을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 데 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ νš¨κ³Όμ μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:10
I think the complexity of companies today, on an internationalised basis,
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μ €λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  κ΅­μ œν™”λœ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 기업에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:14
makes the law very difficult to be enforced against them.
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법을 μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:18
So, I've got one client, which has 748 companies
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ”
03:24
in about 47 different countries,
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μ•½ 47κ°œκ΅­μ— 748개의 νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν•œ 고객을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
and so getting an oversight of that, getting control of that
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이λ₯Ό κ°λ…ν•˜κ³ 
03:30
from a legal and regulatory side, can be very challenging.
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법λ₯  및 규제 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ„ μ–»λŠ” 것은 맀우 μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
And that's the opportunity that international law provides,
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
because essentially it's giving the minimum standards
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기본적으둜 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ μš΄μ˜μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ 기쀀을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:41
to which they need to operate.
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.
03:44
Companies are very complex
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νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 맀우 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κΈ°
03:46
so sometimes it's hard to enforce the law
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ „ 세계에 λΆ„μ‚°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 법을 μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ²½μš°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:49
when they are spread out around the world.
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.
03:51
Can we punish a parent company
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ±…μž„μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ²˜λ²Œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
03:54
for something it's responsible for in another country?
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? μžνšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:58
It's becoming easier to punish a... a mother company –
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... λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬,
04:02
the holding company, if you will –
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즉 지주 νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ²˜λ²Œν•˜λŠ” 것이 점점 μ‰¬μ›Œμ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:05
for the actions of its subsidiaries. But on the face of it,
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. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν‘œλ©΄μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
04:08
it's the subsidiary that is going to be liable.
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μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•  것은 μžνšŒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 본사에
04:11
It's only if you can show that there was a controlling mind
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ν†΅μ œλ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 보여쀄 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
04:15
back at the headquarters, or that in some way they should be accountable,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  그듀이 μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 보여쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ
04:19
that you can hold the parent company to account.
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ±…μž„μ„ 물을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
Lawyers are becoming increasingly ingenious
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λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λŠ”
04:29
in the way in which they are visiting accountability on the parent companies,
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ—μ„œ 점점 더 독창적이 되고 있으며,
04:34
and that's only got to be a good thing because if they're accountable,
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μ΄λŠ” 쒋은 일이 될 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀이 μ±…μž„μ„ 지면
04:38
they will behave better.
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더 잘 행동할 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ 기업을 μ²˜λ²Œν•˜λŠ” 것이 더
04:40
It is becoming easier to punish companies
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μ‰¬μ›Œμ§€κ³ 
04:43
for wrongdoing in different countries,
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04:45
and if they are accountable, it will influence their behaviour.
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있으며 기업이 μ±…μž„μ„ 진닀면 κΈ°μ—… 의 행동에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Of course, many companies do what's right without being forced to,
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ§Žμ€ 기업듀이 κ°•μš”λ°›μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ˜³μ€ 일을
04:54
but it can take something shocking happening to start change.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 좩격적인 일이 일어날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:59
In 2013, the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh collapsed,
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2013λ…„ λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œμ˜ λΌλ‚˜ν”ŒλΌμž 건물이 λ¬΄λ„ˆμ Έ
05:04
killing more than a thousand people.
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천 λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λ§μžκ°€ λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€.
05:07
It was the worst of many such incidents in the country.
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그것은 κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ λ§Žμ€ 사건 쀑 μ΅œμ•…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
The following month, international clothing manufacturers quickly
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λ‹€μŒ 달, ꡭ제 의λ₯˜ μ œμ‘°μ—…μ²΄λŠ” λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œ 곡μž₯의 μ•ˆμ „μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ
05:16
made a legal agreement to improve safety in factories in Bangladesh.
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법적 계약을 μ²΄κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:21
This is what's known as Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR.
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이것이 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ λ˜λŠ” CSR둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
These are the practices or policies that a business can implement
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이것은 기업이
05:28
that do good in the world. Think charity, or volunteering,
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ 쒋은 일을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ΅¬ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ΄€ν–‰ λ˜λŠ” μ •μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžμ„ , μžμ› 봉사
05:32
or the environment and it's more than just about profit.
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λ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ 수읡 κ·Έ μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
But what about when companies don't choose to behave?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 기업이 행동을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:39
How can the law control something that is so big?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 법이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 큰 것을 ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ? λŒ€κΈ°μ—…μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ”
05:43
Ranjan Agarwal, a Canadian lawyer who deals with big companies,
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬μΈ Ranjan Agarwal은
05:47
explained who is responsible for enforcing the law
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05:50
on multinational companies.
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닀ꡭ적 기업에 λŒ€ν•œ 법 집행을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λˆ„κ΅¬μΈμ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
In our system, around the world, we seem to have accepted that
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우리 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œλŠ” μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ
05:57
the obligation or responsibility to police corporations
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κ²½μ°° 법인에 λŒ€ν•œ 의무 λ˜λŠ” μ±…μž„μ΄
06:03
is with individual states.
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κ°œλ³„ 주에 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ •ν•œ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
In international law, there is no general rule
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ—λŠ”
06:10
that companies are responsible for wrongful acts,
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기업이 κ΅­μ œμ μœΌλ‘œλ“  ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œλ“  잘λͺ»λœ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ±…μž„μ„ μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 일반적인 κ·œμΉ™μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:16
even if they're committed internationally or abroad.
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. κ΅­κ°€μ—λŠ”
06:20
There are treaties, multilateral treaties,
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06:24
that impose requirements or obligations
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μš”κ΅¬ 사항 μ΄λ‚˜ 의무λ₯Ό λΆ€κ³Ό
06:28
on countries, but not on companies.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νšŒμ‚¬μ—λŠ” λΆ€κ³Όν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‘°μ•½, λ‹€μžκ°„ 쑰약이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
There is no international body that regulates multinationals.
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닀ꡭ적 기업을 κ·œμ œν•˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œκΈ°κ΅¬λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Instead, there are treaties that impose obligations
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λŒ€μ‹ 
06:40
on countries, but not companies.
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κ΅­κ°€μ—λŠ” 의무λ₯Ό λΆ€κ³Όν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ—…μ—λŠ” 의무λ₯Ό λΆ€κ³Όν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 쑰약이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
So, do these companies have to follow things
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기업듀은
06:46
like international human rights laws?
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κ΅­μ œμΈκΆŒλ²• 같은 것을 따라야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:50
For the most part, no. In our system,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우리 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œλŠ”
06:53
we require companies to follow the domestic laws of their states.
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ ν•΄λ‹Ή 주의 ꡭ내법을 λ”°λ₯΄λ„둝 μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
Those domestic laws may align with international human rights laws,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ내법은 ꡭ제 μΈκΆŒλ²•
07:06
or human rights norms – expectations that we have as a community.
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λ˜λŠ” 인ꢌ κ·œλ²”, 즉 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œμ„œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 것과 μΌμΉ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
There are a couple of exceptions, where states...
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ΅­κ°€...
07:16
where – sorry – companies may be governed by international treaties,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ – μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ – νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” ꡭ제 μ‘°μ•½μ˜ μ μš©μ„ 받을 수
07:21
but those are generally exceptions.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 일반적으둜 μ˜ˆμ™Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
Companies follow the domestic laws of their states,
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기업은 ν•΄λ‹Ή 주의 ꡭ내법을 λ”°λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:27
but they don't necessarily have to follow international human rights laws,
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07:32
which are designed for countries.
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κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 마련된 ꡭ제 μΈκΆŒλ²•μ„ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ λ”°λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
How do people decide which state's laws a company follows?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” 주의 법λ₯ μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:40
For the most part, people don't decide
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 법이 집행될 μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:44
where the law's going to be enforced.
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.
07:47
We require our governments – sometimes working together –
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬
07:52
to establish rules.
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κ·œμΉ™μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•  것을 μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
In essence, we have jurisdictional laws across the world:
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본질적으둜 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „ 세계에 관할법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
each country gets to decide where and how
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각 κ΅­κ°€λŠ”
08:04
it's going to take jurisdiction over companies.
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νšŒμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ„ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ²°μ •ν•  것인지 κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
Sometimes it's where the company operates –
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μš΄μ˜λ˜λŠ” κ³³,
08:11
that is, where its headquarters is.
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즉 본사가 μžˆλŠ” 곳이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
Sometimes it's where the company does business,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 곳이기도
08:16
but again we rely on uni...
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
08:19
individual states to make those decisions.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” κ°œλ³„ ꡭ가에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
Sometimes governments work together to establish rules,
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ œμ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜‘λ ₯
08:25
but each country gets to decide where
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 각 κ΅­κ°€λŠ”
08:28
and how it's going to take legal action over companies.
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νšŒμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 법적 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•  μœ„μΉ˜μ™€ 방법을 κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
So, is international law fit for purpose as these companies develop?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ°œμ „ν•¨μ— 따라 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ λͺ©μ μ— λΆ€ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:38
I believe that international law is moving to a place where
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μ €λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄
08:43
companies may be held to account.
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기업이 μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 곳으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
For example, several years ago the UN established guiding principles
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ UN은 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인ꢌ μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κ³  ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν”„λ ˆμž„μ›Œν¬λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ ν‘œμ€€μ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ 및 μΈκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 지침 원칙을 μˆ˜λ¦½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:52
on business and human rights,
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08:54
which were intended to create a global standard,
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08:59
to implement a framework to prevent and address
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09:02
the risk of human rights on business activity.
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.
09:06
But as long as we have nation states,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν•œ
09:10
I believe that we will rely on individual countries to enforce these norms.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ·œλ²”μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°œλ³„ ꡭ가에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•  것이라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
Even though the UN established principles
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μœ μ—”μ΄ μΈκΆŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ κΈ°μ—… 지침 원칙을 μˆ˜λ¦½ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
09:18
to guide businesses on human rights,
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09:21
we rely on individual countries to enforce the law on companies.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기업에 λŒ€ν•œ 법 집행을 κ°œλ³„ ꡭ가에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
So, we've heard that the way multinational corporations
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 닀ꡭ적 기업이 μ „
09:31
are spread around the world makes them hard for the law to control.
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세계에 퍼져 μžˆλŠ” 방식이 λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ œν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
We also heard that the law is changing to deal with that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 그것을 닀루기 μœ„ν•΄ 법이 λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:41
But international laws will always depend on countries
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ 항상 κ΅­κ°€κ°€
09:46
to agree to follow them.
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이λ₯Ό λ”°λ₯΄κΈ°λ‘œ λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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