Who owns water? - BBC Learning English

62,638 views ・ 2021-10-25

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Water. It's vital for all life. So, who owns it?
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λ¬Ό. λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…에 ν•„μˆ˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ 그것을 μ†Œμœ ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:06
Some of the answers to that might surprise you.
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그에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹΅λ³€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 당신을 λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
We'll explain how, despite the different ways water is controlled,
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물을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:14
the law can help you.
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법이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 도움이 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
Should companies profit from something we all need?
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기업은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이읡을 μ–»μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
00:21
And... big trouble: how water ownership
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그리고... 큰 문제: μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬Ό μ†Œμœ κΆŒμ΄
00:24
nearly brought down a government.
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μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό 거의 λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦΄ λ»”ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€.
00:32
Can water be owned? It falls from the sky,
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물을 μ†Œμœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λ‹ˆ
00:36
so should it be free for all?
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ λ¬΄λ£Œμ—¬μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:38
And if we all need it to live,
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그리고 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
00:41
shouldn't the law make sure that no one can stop us from having it?
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법은 아무도 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 κ°–λŠ” 것을 막을 수 없도둝 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:47
Lots of international agreements recognise how important it is.
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λ§Žμ€ ꡭ제 ν˜‘μ•½μ΄ 그것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
The United Nations says all its member states have to make sure
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μœ μ—”μ€ λͺ¨λ“  νšŒμ›κ΅­μ΄
00:56
vulnerable people have access to drinking water.
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μ·¨μ•½ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
And, in lots of cases, countries own it –
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그리고 λ§Žμ€ 경우 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 그것을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³ 
01:03
sharing it out among the people who live there.
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그곳에 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό κ³΅μœ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
So, why do we often have to pay for it?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λΉ„μš©μ„ μ§€λΆˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:11
Private water companies often own the things that bring water to you:
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사섀 λ¬Ό νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
01:16
pipes, pumps and dams. So, they can charge for it.
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νŒŒμ΄ν”„, νŽŒν”„, 댐 λ“± 물을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 물건을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 그듀은 λΉ„μš©μ„ 청ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
And sometimes, if a river starts in one country but goes through another,
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그리고 λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 강이 ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό ν†΅κ³Όν•˜λ©΄ λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜ 물인지
01:27
they can argue about whose water it is.
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λ…ΌμŸν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:31
So, how does the law keep us all supplied with water?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 법은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 물을 곡급해 μ€λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:36
Amanda Loeffen, from the campaigning organisation Human Right to Water,
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Human Right to Water 캠페인 쑰직의 Amanda Loeffen은 물에 λŒ€ν•œ 접근을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”
01:41
explained which big international laws protect your access to water.
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큰 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ 무엇인지 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:46
Well, the original Declaration on Human Rights,
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음,
01:49
after the Second World War,
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2μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „ μ΄ν›„μ˜ μ›λž˜ 인ꢌ 선언은 물에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό
01:51
didn't explicitly mention the right to water
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λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:54
but it is included in a lot of the more recent treaties,
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졜근의 λ§Žμ€ μ‘°μ•½,
01:59
especially in general... General Comment Number 15, in 2003,
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특히 일반적으둜 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€... 2003λ…„ 일반 논평 15호 ,
02:03
which was the specifically on water and sanitation,
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특히 λ¬Όκ³Ό μœ„μƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
02:05
and in some of the other recent treaties,
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02:08
like the ones on the rights of the child,
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아동 ꢌ리,
02:10
persons with disabilities and non-discrimination against women.
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μž₯애인, 여성에 λŒ€ν•œ 차별 κΈˆμ§€μ™€ 같은 졜근의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‘°μ•½λ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
And those include clauses that address water and sanitation directly.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ¬Όκ³Ό μœ„μƒμ„ 직접 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 쑰항이 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
A right to water wasn't in the original human rights declaration,
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물에 λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ” μ›λž˜μ˜ 인ꢌ μ„ μ–Έμ—λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:23
but it has been put in more recent agreements.
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졜근의 ν˜‘μ•½μ—λŠ” ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
General Comment 15 recognised the right to water
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일반 논평 15λŠ” 2003λ…„ UNμ—μ„œ 물에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:30
in 2003 at the United Nations.
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.
02:35
So, what gets in the way of giving everyone access to water?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 물을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 λ°©ν•΄κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:40
Land rights and property rights often make access to water more difficult,
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ν† μ§€κΆŒκ³Ό μž¬μ‚°κΆŒμ€ μ’…μ’… 물에 λŒ€ν•œ 접근을 더 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ¬Ό μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ
02:45
and the rights... water... onto the use of water
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ꢌ리... λ¬Ό...은
02:48
is often tied to the ownership of the land.
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μ’…μ’… 토지 μ†Œμœ κΆŒκ³Ό μ—°κ²°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
This is particularly relevant for people that live in informal settlements
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이것은 특히 비곡식 정착지에 κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ
02:56
or that have used the land for...
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토지λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:59
for a long time, but don't actually own it.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Getting access to water can be made difficult by land ownership rules:
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물에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” 것은 토지 μ†Œμœ κΆŒ κ·œμΉ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
if you don't own the land the water is on,
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물이 μžˆλŠ” 땅을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 물을
03:11
it's harder to get the water you need.
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μ–»κΈ°κ°€ 더 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:14
Amanda explained what to do if you had a problem getting water.
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AmandaλŠ” 물을 κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ„ 경우 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
Well, the first thing you would do is to see whether or not
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음, κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € ν•  일은
03:22
there is a national law that states that you have the right to water,
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물에 λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
03:27
or that your particular problem is dealt with in national law,
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νŠΉμ • λ¬Έμ œκ°€ κ΅­λ‚΄λ²•μ—μ„œ μ²˜λ¦¬λœλ‹€λŠ” ꡭ내법이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
in which case you can potentially take it to a court of law.
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법원.
03:35
But I think for most people,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:38
that's a little bit outside of their ability or budget
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그것은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ„ μ•½κ°„ λ²—μ–΄λ‚œ 일
03:42
and so it's much easier for them if they approach their local ombudsman
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μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 그듀을 λ•λŠ” 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 지역 μ˜΄λΆ€μ¦ˆλ§¨
03:46
or national human rights institution, whose job is to help them.
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μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€ 인ꢌ 기관에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” 것이 훨씬 더 쉽닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:50
Going to court can be expensive.
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법원에 κ°€λŠ” 것은 λΉ„μš©μ΄ 많이 λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
Amanda says you should go to an ombudsman –
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AmandaλŠ” μ˜΄λΆ€μ¦ˆλ§¨(
03:56
an official who looks at complaints –
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고좩을 κ²€ν† ν•˜λŠ” 곡무원)
03:58
or a national human rights organisation.
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μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€ 인ꢌ 단체에 κ°€μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
So, is the law enough on its own to protect your right to water.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 법 μžμ²΄λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„ 물에 λŒ€ν•œ κ·€ν•˜μ˜ ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ”
04:07
There also needs to be a system to make sure that it's complied with.
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ„ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:12
So, just because it's written in law
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 법λ₯ μ— λͺ…μ‹œλ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
04:14
doesn't mean that it exists in practice,
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μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ―€λ‘œ
04:16
so there needs to be monitoring
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04:18
and tracking to make sure that people still have access to those services.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•΄λ‹Ή μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— 계속 μ•‘μ„ΈμŠ€ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜κ³  좔적해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
04:24
Although laws exist to make sure we get water,
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법이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ,
04:28
we need people to check that laws are being followed
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법을 μ€€μˆ˜
04:32
and people are getting access.
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ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ£Όμš” κ΅­μ œλ²• 덕뢄에
04:34
We should all be provided with water, thanks to major international laws.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 물을 곡급받아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:40
Getting people the water they need
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 물을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λͺ¨λ“  μ •λΆ€μ˜
04:42
should be a priority for any government.
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μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:45
But the ways in which water is owned
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 물을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜λŠ” 방식은
04:48
can sometimes threaten governments themselves.
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ •λΆ€ 자체λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:52
The Bolivian city of Cochabamba:
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λ³Όλ¦¬λΉ„μ•„μ˜ λ„μ‹œ μ½”μ°¨λ°€λ°”:
04:55
in the late 20th century, it was affected by water shortages.
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20μ„ΈκΈ° ν›„λ°˜μ— λ¬Ό λΆ€μ‘±μ˜ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
Many poor residents didn't have a connection to the water network.
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λ§Žμ€ κ°€λ‚œν•œ 주민듀이 μƒμˆ˜λ„λ§μ— μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
The government signed a deal with Aguas del Tunari
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μ •λΆ€λŠ”
05:09
of International Water Limited.
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International Water Limited의 Aguas del Tunari와 계약을 μ²΄κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
The group agreed to supply the city with water.
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그룹은 λ„μ‹œμ— 물을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ λ™μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
But then prices went up and violent protests broke out.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 가격이 였λ₯΄κ³  폭λ ₯적인 μ‹œμœ„κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물의 μ „μŸμ΄λΌ 뢈릴 μ •λ„λ‘œ
05:21
Demonstrations got so bad that they were called the Water War.
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μ‹œμœ„κ°€ μ‹¬ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:27
Eventually, the deal with Aguas del Tunari was abandoned
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κ²°κ΅­ Aguas del Tunariμ™€μ˜ κ±°λž˜λŠ” ν¬κΈ°λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
05:32
and the water supply was returned to the public –
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λ¬Ό 곡급은 거의 κ°œμ„ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ λ°˜ν™˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:35
with little improvement.
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.
05:39
Still in South America: Peru.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 남아메리카: 페루.
05:42
Most of its rain falls into the Amazon,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΉ„λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ— 내리지
05:45
but most people live in coastal cities.
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만 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν•΄μ•ˆ λ„μ‹œμ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
And the Andes mountain range separates the water from the people.
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그리고 μ•ˆλ°μŠ€μ‚°λ§₯이 μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 물을 κ°€λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€.
05:54
So, the water that is available needs to be carefully managed
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 물은 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 물을 얻을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ 관리해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:58
to make sure everyone gets some.
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.
06:01
Here, the water belongs to the state.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 물은 ꡭ가에 μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
In this system, your responsibility
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ 물을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ·€ν•˜μ˜ μ±…μž„μ€
06:06
to use the water properly is really important.
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
An ideal water citizen takes care of the water,
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이상적인 λ¬Ό μ‹œλ―Όμ€ 물을 아끼고,
06:15
uses it efficiently, does not spill it,
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효율적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ , 물을 ν˜λ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , λ¬Ό μ‚¬μš©κΆŒμ—
06:18
and pays for the right to use the water.
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λŒ€ν•΄ λΉ„μš©μ„ μ§€λΆˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:22
But does that mean that if you don't own the water,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것이 물을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 물을
06:26
you might not get the water you need?
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얻지 λͺ»ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
06:29
Maude Barlow, a water rights campaigner,
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λ¬Ό ꢌ리 μš΄λ™κ°€μΈ λͺ¨λ“œ 발둜우(Maude Barlow)λŠ”
06:31
explained how national and international law work with water –
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κ΅­λ‚΄ 및 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ λ¬Όκ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
06:36
and which was most important.
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 무엇인지 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
No, there's no international law that overrules
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€,
06:43
a nation state's right to water –
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κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 물에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ¬΄νš¨ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:46
to guide its own water laws.
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.
06:49
There are trade agreements that have investor-state rights in them,
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투자자-κ΅­κ°€ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ 있고
06:53
and that gives corporations the right to sue governments,
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기업이 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ꢌ리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
so that gives corporations – kind of...
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 기업은 정뢀에 μΌμ’…μ˜...
06:59
a leg up, if you will, on... on governments.
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도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:03
But, no, there's...
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법을
07:06
it's very hard to tell governments how they should govern
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정뢀에 μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:09
their environmental responsibilities.
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.
07:12
There is no international law that overrules a national law on water.
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물에 κ΄€ν•œ ꡭ내법에 μš°μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
Maude says it's very hard to tell governments how to be responsible.
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MaudeλŠ” 정뢀에 μ±…μž„μ„ μ§€λŠ” 방법을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
She explained how companies have been able to get control of water
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 그것이 μΈκΆŒμž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  기업듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 물을 ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:28
even though it's a human right.
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.
07:30
Well, that's the problem of course, because a lot of this was done
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음, 그것은 λ¬Όλ‘  λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물에 λŒ€ν•œ μΈκΆŒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄ 있기 전에 λ§Žμ€ 일이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ 
07:33
before there was the concept of the human right to water,
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07:36
and in the end governments are responsible for looking after
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κ²°κ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ”
07:39
the water rights of their citizens.
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ λ¬Ό ꢌ리λ₯Ό 돌볼 μ±…μž„μ΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
But you do get countries – Australia, Chile, parts of the United States –
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 호주, 칠레, 미ꡭ의 일뢀와 같은 ꡭ가듀은
07:47
that actually separate water from land and sell it to developers,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 물을 λ•…μ—μ„œ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 개발자,
07:51
to private interests and to investors, and that's a huge problem.
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개인 이읡 및 νˆ¬μžμžμ—κ²Œ νŒλ§€ν•˜κ³  있으며 μ΄λŠ” 큰 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물이 인ꢌ으둜 μΈμ •λ˜κΈ° 전에 λ¬Ό μ†Œμœ κΆŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ
07:56
Many deals between companies and countries on water ownership
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κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ κ±°λž˜κ°€
08:00
were set up before water was recognised as a human right.
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μ„±μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:05
So, if a company raises their water prices,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ¬Ό 가격을 μΈμƒν•˜λ©΄
08:09
is there anything you can do legally to get help?
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ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 도움을 받을 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:13
This is a problem... when a private company gets a hold of water –
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이것은 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€... λ―Όκ°„ 기업이 μ‹μˆ˜, νμˆ˜μ™€ 같은
08:17
either a municipal water service, like your drinking water, your waste water,
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λ„μ‹œ μƒμˆ˜λ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€,
08:22
and there are many, many private companies running these services –
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ―Όκ°„ 기업이 μžˆλŠ” 물을 확보할 λ•Œ
08:26
they sign a contract with the government saying
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그듀은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 계약을 μ²΄κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ •λΆ€λŠ”
08:28
this is, you know, what we'll charge.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΆ€κ³Όν•  것이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
But then they put the rates up and they say to the government
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 μ„Έμœ¨μ„ 올리고 정뢀에
08:34
we have no choice. We can show you study, after study, after study
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μ„ νƒμ˜ 여지가 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
that shows private companies charge way more money
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λ―Όκ°„ 기업이
08:41
for water services than... than public agencies or governments.
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μˆ˜λ„ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 곡곡 κΈ°κ΄€μ΄λ‚˜ 정뢀보닀 훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€ λΉ„μš©μ„ μ²­κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
Maude is saying that private companies charge more for water
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MaudeλŠ” λ―Όκ°„ 기업이 정뢀보닀 물에 더 λ§Žμ€ λΉ„μš©μ„ μ²­κ΅¬ν•˜λ©°
08:49
than governments do, and they're allowed to raise their prices.
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가격을 인상할 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
So, is international law flexible enough
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€
08:58
to deal with different systems of water ownership around the world?
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Ό μ†Œμœ  μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ‹€λ£° 수 μžˆμ„ 만큼 μœ μ—°ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:02
No, international law is not flexible enough to deal with
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€
09:06
the individual countries and nation states.
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κ°œλ³„ κ΅­κ°€ 및 λ―Όμ‘± κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° 만큼 μœ μ—°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
They do... they make their own laws.
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그듀은... κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ 법을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
When the governments come together to sign a treaty,
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 쑰약에 μ„œλͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μΌ λ•Œ,
09:13
it's kind of a gentleperson's agreement, if you will:
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그것은 μΌμ’…μ˜ μ‹ μ‚¬μ˜ λ™μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신이 μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄:
09:16
you're agreeing to the concept.
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당신은 κ·Έ κ°œλ…μ— λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
But... you know, you might have a change of government to something
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ... μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 당신은 훨씬 더 우읡적인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 진보적인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 있고
09:21
that is fairly progressive to something much more right-wing,
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09:24
and they're saying to heck with any agreement.
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그듀은 μ–΄λ–€ ν•©μ˜λ„ ν•˜μ§€ 말라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
In Maude's opinion, international law is not flexible enough
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Maude의 견해에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€
09:31
to deal with the different systems countries have for water ownership.
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λ¬Ό μ†Œμœ κΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 닀루기에 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μœ μ—°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
International law might struggle to force countries
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ κ΅­κ°€κ°€
09:41
to directly provide water to their people.
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κ΅­λ―Όμ—κ²Œ 직접 물을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ°•μ œν•˜λŠ” 데 어렀움을 κ²ͺ을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
But there are laws that can help, like our basic human rights.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우리의 기본적인 인ꢌ과 같이 도움이 될 수 μžˆλŠ” 법λ₯ μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
And there are people fighting to make sure that those laws are followed.
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그리고 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 법이 μ§€μΌœμ§€λ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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