BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Climate Change' English mega-class! Thirty minutes of new vocabulary!

211,638 views ใƒป 2022-10-02

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hello, this is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
I'm Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
'No one is too small to make a difference'.
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'๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
00:13
Do you know who said that, Sam?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
00:15
Wasn't it climate change activist Greta Thunburg?
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆํƒ€ ํˆฐ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:18
That's right! She went on to sayย  this in her message to world leaders.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
'I don't want you to be hopeful.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I want you to act as if your house is on fire, because it is.'
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Her speech reflected the feelings of many young people around the world who
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค
00:34
think that not enough action is being taken on climate change.
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์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:38
And they might be right, judging by the record-breaking temperatures that hit
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด 7์›” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:42
Canada and the north-west of the United States in July this year.
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.
00:46
Greta Thunberg's plea to 'act like your house is on fire' became a reality for
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'์ง‘์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ'๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆํƒ€ ํˆฐ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ฒญ
00:51
residents of the small town of Lytton, Canada, which burned to the ground in
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์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๋กœ ์ „์†Œ๋œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค
00:56
a shocking wildfire - a fire that is burning strongly and out of control.
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๋ฆฌํŠผ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋๋‹ค.
01:01
So, was the Lytton wildfire yet another climate change wake-up call?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Lytton ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:06
A wake-up call is the expression used to describe a shocking event that should
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๋ชจ๋‹์ฝœ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„
01:10
make people realise that action is needed to change something.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Maybe not, according to some climatologists who, worryingly, say that what happened in
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๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ Lytton์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ
01:19
Lytton should not even have been possible. So, in this programme, we'll be
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:24
asking if scientists have dangerously misunderstood the realities of climate change.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
But first it's time for my quiz question
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„
01:32
and it's about that extreme weather in Canada. It broke records when the
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์ด๊ณ  ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 7์›” 1์ผ Lytton์˜ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๊นจ
01:36
temperature in Lytton hit an all-time high on the 1st of July but just how
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01:40
hot did it get? Was it
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์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:42
a) 39.6 degrees,
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a) 39.6๋„,
01:45
b) 49.6 degrees or c) 59.6 degrees Celsius?
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b) 49.6๋„ ๋˜๋Š” c) ์„ญ์”จ 59.6๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:51
All those temperatures look reallyย  high, especially for snowy Canada!ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋†’์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆˆ ๋ฎ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:56
I'll say a) 39.6 degrees C.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ์„ญ์”จ 39.6๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
OK Sam, we'll find out the answer later on.
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์ข‹์•„์š” ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Seeing your hometown burnedย  to the ground is bad enough,
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์ผ
02:06
but perhaps even worse, was the factย  that the wildfires were so unexpected.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋” ์•ˆํƒ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด
02:11
According to weather pattern modelling doneย  by a team of Oxford University researchers,
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:16
such extreme heat wasย  impossible, in theory at least.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋”์œ„๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The research team was led byย  climatologist Geert Jan van Oldenborgh.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž์ธ Geert Jan van Oldenborgh๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Here he is in conversation with BBC Worldย  Service programme, Science in Action.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Science in Action๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
This is a wake-up call beyond theย  wake-up calls that we've had before.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋‹์ฝœ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Yes, it's a very big shockย  in the sense that we thoughtย ย 
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์˜ˆ,
02:40
we knew that how heat wavesย  react to global warming
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์—ดํŒŒ ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:44
and within which boundaries theyย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด
02:46
are increasing. Of courseย  they're increasing in temperature
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์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
02:49
but it's a gradual process, weย  thought. And then you get this thingย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป
02:53
and it's not gradual at all, it's a huge jump.
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ „ํ˜€ ์ ์ง„์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Professor van Oldenborgh had been studying the impact of global warming on
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van Oldenborgh ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€
03:01
heatwaves - short periods of time when the weather is much hotter than usual.
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์—ดํŒŒ( ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”์šด ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Along with other climatologists, he thought that climate change was gradual
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์ง„์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
- changing or happening slowly over a long period of time.
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:15
But the Canadian heatwavesย  caused him to think again.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ํญ์—ผ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Instead of being gradual, the temperature saw
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์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์˜จ๋„
03:21
a jump - or a sudden increase - of five degrees
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๋Š” 5๋„์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
03:26
and it's this sudden jump that's got Professor van Oldenborgh and his team worried.
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๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Van Oldenborgh ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŒ€์€ ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž
03:31
By collecting data from all over the world, climatologists tried to
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๋“ค์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘
03:35
predict changes in the pattern of global warming.
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:38
But as Geert Jan van Oldenborgh told BBC World Service's Science in Action, the
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Geert Jan van Oldenborgh๊ฐ€ BBC World Service์˜ Science in Action์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ
03:44
heatwave in Lytton, didn't fit these predictions at all.
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์ด Lytton์˜ ํญ์—ผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Everything looked like a nice, regular, gradual trend like we're used to up to
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ถ”์„ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
03:54
last year, and then you suddenly break all your
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“ 
03:57
records by four or five degrees. I mean, this is something that's not supposed to
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๊ธฐ๋ก์„ 4~5๋„ ์ •๋„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š”
04:01
happen, and it has really shaken our confidence in how well we understand the
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์ผ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํญ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ”๋“ค
04:05
effect of climate change on heatwaves.
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์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Despite all his research, Professor van Oldenborgh
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  van Oldenborgh ๊ต์ˆ˜
04:11
is still unable to explain such extreme
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๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
and sudden changes in the
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04:15
climate. And this, he says, has
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
shaken his confidence - made him
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04:19
doubt something that
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04:20
he was certain was true.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
And it's this lack of understanding worrying
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Lytton ๋งˆ์„
04:25
researchers because, as the story of the
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์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
04:27
town of Lytton shows, the
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04:29
effects of climate change may be even worse than expected.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:34
Maybe it's time we all took notice of Greta Thunberg's wake-up call to take
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆํƒ€ ํˆฐ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ผ
04:38
action on climate change.
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๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Especially if even cold,ย  northern countries like Canada,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์šด ๋ถ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
04:44
or Britain, for that matter, canย  experience such extreme changes.
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์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Speaking of which Neil, what wasย  the answer to your quiz question?
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์–ด๋Š ๋‹ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:53
Ah yes! In my quiz question, I asked youย  exactly how high the temperature reached
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์•„ ์˜ˆ! ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ Lytton ์˜ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’์€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:58
in the Canadian town of Lytton. What did you say, Sam?
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. ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
05:01
I thought it was a) 39.6ย  degrees Celsius. Was I right?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด a) ์„ญ์”จ 39.6๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
05:07
Well, you were close but,ย  in fact, it got even hotter,
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›  ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ๋”์›Œ
05:10
actually reaching 49.6 degrees Celsius,
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์ ธ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ญ์”จ 49.6๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €
05:13
the highest temperature ever recorded in Canada by at least 5 degrees.
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„ ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 5๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Phew, that is hot! Ugh well, we'd better recap the vocabulary
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ํœด, ๋ฅ๋‹ค! ์Œ,
05:23
from this programme, because we might
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05:25
be hearing these words a lot more in the future.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Let's start with a wildfire, which is an
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05:30
out-of-control fire thatย  is burning the countryside.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์„ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
A wake-up call is an event which should make people realise that action needs to
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๋ชจ๋‹์ฝœ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
05:38
be taken to change a situation.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
A heatwave is a period of days or weeks when
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ํญ์—ผ์€
05:44
the weather is much hotter than usual.
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๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
A jump is a sudden increase.
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์ ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Whereas gradual means happening slowly over a long time.
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์ ์ง„์ ์ด๋ž€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And finally if something shakes your confidence
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉด
05:56
it makes you doubt something that you
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ 
05:57
thought was true.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ก์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์šด
05:58
That's it for our look at oneย  of the hottest years on record.
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ํ•ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:02
Bye for now.
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06:02
Bye!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•!
06:09
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
These days, our lives are filled with
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
06:17
devices that were unimaginableย  only a few years ago
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ
06:21
โ€“ the sorts of things you readย  about in science-fiction novels,
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ฝ์—ˆ
06:24
but never thought youโ€™d own.
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์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Yes, like those robots that vacuumย  your floor or voice-activated lights
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์˜ˆ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
06:31
โ€“ we call many of these things โ€˜smart techโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ '์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ '์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
But while they can help withย  the little tasks at home,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ผ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜
06:38
some people are wondering whetherย  they can help fight climate change.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Yes, smart homes, regulating things like theย  temperature, are a step in the right direction.
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์˜ˆ, ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ™ˆ ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Using AI to learn when the house is occupiedย  and the optimal time to fire up the heating,
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AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•™์Šต
06:54
is one way to limit wasteful use of resources.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
The problem comes from the origin of theย  energy which powers these home systems.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
If itโ€™s fossil fuels, thenย  digging them up โ€“ an informal way
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ณ (
07:06
of saying removing something from the earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)
07:08
- and burning them creates carbon emissions.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I suppose thatโ€™s why many people are tryingย  to find more renewable forms of energy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:17
to reduce their carbon footprint.
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.
07:20
Well, itโ€™s interesting thatย  you mentioned carbon footprint,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
because my question is about that today.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
How many tonnes of carbon dioxideย  are humans responsible for emittingย ย 
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๋งค๋…„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์€ ๋ช‡ ํ†ค
07:30
into the atmosphere every year?
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:32
Is it more than: a) 30 billion; b) 40 billion; or c) 50 billion?
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a) 300์–ต ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? b) 400์–ต; ๋˜๋Š” c) 500์–ต?
07:39
Well, Neil, that all sounds like a lot to me,
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์Œ, Neil, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:42
but Iโ€™ll go straight down the middle and say
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:44
b) 40 billion tonnes.
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b) 400์–ต ํ†ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll find out the correctย  answer at the end of the programme.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜ . ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
So, you mentioned earlier that people areย  looking into ways to use more renewable energy,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ž์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:56
but there are also some problemsย  with that form of energy production.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Yes โ€“ for example, many of these technologiesย  rely on certain weather conditions,
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์˜ˆ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
08:05
which affect the levels of energy production.
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๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Dr Enass Abo-Hamed, CEO of H2go,ย  is working on a project on Orkney,
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H2go์˜ CEO์ธ Enass Abo-Hamed ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ
08:14
an island off the coast of Scotland, testingย  ways of storing renewable forms of energy.
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๋Š” ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์˜ ์„ฌ์ธ ์˜คํฌ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Here she is on the BBC World Service programmeย  Crowd Science, speaking with Graihagh Jackson,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Crowd Science์—์„œ Graihagh Jackson๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›
08:25
talking about the limitationsย  of renewable energy sources.
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์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Renewable energy is intermittent by its natureย  because itโ€™s dependant and relying on the weather.
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์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
When the Sun shines and when the wind blows,ย ย 
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋น›๋‚  ๋•Œ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ ๋•Œ
08:39
and these by nature are notย  24-hour 7 reliable constant.
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, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ 7์ผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
And that means that demand doesnโ€™t alwaysย  meet supply of renewables โ€“ it can mean
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
08:48
that we get blackouts, butย  on the other hand, it means
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์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
08:51
that when the Sun is up and weย  are producing all that power orย ย 
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์— ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋– ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:54
when the wind is blowing and were producing power,
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์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:57
we might not be able to use that energy -ย  thereโ€™s no demand for it - and so itโ€™s wasted.
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๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
So, Dr Enass Abo-Hamed said theย  renewable energy is intermittent,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Enass Abo-Hamed ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
09:08
which means that something is notย  continuous or has many breaks.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:13
She also said that because there isnโ€™tย  always a steady stream of energy,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€
09:17
we can get blackouts โ€“ periodsย  of time without energy.
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๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ ์ •์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:22
People like Dr Enass Abo-Hamed are trying to findย  solutions to make renewable energy storage devices
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Enass Abo-Hamed ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
โ€“ which would make the supplyย  of energy more constant.
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. ์ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋” ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Smart tech can also help with thisย  problem with renewable sources.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Now, of course, not only canย  computers be used to design
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:39
efficient models, but smart tech can also be
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
09:42
used to improve performance
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:43
after things like windย  turbines have been installed.
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ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:46
Here is Graihagh Jackson, scienceย  broadcaster and podcaster,
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๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ธ์ด์ž ํŒŸ์บ์Šคํ„ฐ์ธ
09:50
speaking about how smartย  tech can improve efficiency
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Graihagh Jackson์ด
09:53
on BBC World Service programme, Crowd Science:
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Crowd Science์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Some engineers use something called a digitalย  twin. This is really interesting, actually.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŠธ์œˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
This is where lots of sensorsย  are attached to the wind turbine,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ
10:05
so it can be modelled on aย  computer in real time. And then,
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๋˜์–ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
10:09
using machine learning, you canย  then simulate whatโ€™s happening
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:13
to the wind turbine in specificย  weather conditions. And
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ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:16
this is important because it means they canย  make sure theyโ€™re performing their best.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:21
Graihagh Jackson used theย  expression 'in real time', which means
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Graihagh Jackson์€ 'in real time'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š”
10:25
without delay or live.
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์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
And she also mentioned machine learning,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:30
which is the way computers change theirย  behaviour based on data they collected.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And she also said 'simulate' โ€“ produceย  a computer model of something.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” '์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
So, while there are issues with theย  reliability of the source of renewable energy,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:45
itโ€™s clear that people are workingย  on solutions such as energy storage
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
10:50
to make sure there is always a supply.
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์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And that computers can beย  used to design and operate
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:55
technology as efficiently as possible.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Much in the same way thatย  AI can be used in your home
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์ง‘์—์„œ AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
11:01
to make it run as efficiently as possible.
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
Yes โ€“ all in the hope ofย  reducing your carbon footprint.
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๋„ค, ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Which reminds me of your quiz question, Neil.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”, ๋‹.
11:10
Yes, in my quiz question, I asked Sam how manyย  tonnes of carbon dioxide humans produce each year!
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๋„ค, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ Sam์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋…„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:16
And I went for b) 40 billion tonnes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” b) 400์–ต ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
11:20
Which isโ€ฆ the correct answer! Well done, Sam!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜!
11:22
Wow โ€“ I guessed right โ€“ butย  all three of those numbers
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์™€ โ€“ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆซ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘
11:26
sound really really high!
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์ •๋ง ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:28
Letโ€™s recap the vocabulary fromย  todayโ€™s programme about smart tech
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11:31
and climate change, starting with 'dig something up'
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๋•…์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ 'dig something up'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:35
โ€“ an informal expression which meansย  to remove something from the ground.
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.
11:40
'Intermittent' is used to describe somethingย  that is not continuous or steady.
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'๊ฐ„ํ—์ '์€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
'Blackouts' are periods of time withoutย  energy, for example, electricity.
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'์ •์ „'์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
'In real time' means 'without delay' or 'live'.
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'์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„'์€ '์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด' ๋˜๋Š” '๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
'Machine learning' is the processย  by which computers learn
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'๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹' ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
11:57
and change behaviour based on data.
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๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
And finally, 'simulate' meansย  produce a computer model.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜'์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
And thatโ€™s all for this programme. Bye for now!
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:07
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
12:14
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
With no end in sight to the coronavirus pandemic,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰์˜ ๋์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
12:22
many people canโ€™t wait for the year 2020 to end.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 2020๋…„์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
But with coronavirus dominatingย  the newspaper headlines,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
12:29
attention has moved away fromย  an equally serious global issue
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์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ
12:33
which has quietly been getting worse โ€“ climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋ฉ€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
August 2020 saw the hottest temperatureย  recorded anywhere in modern times
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2020๋…„ 8์›”
12:42
- 54.4 degree Celsius inย  Californiaโ€™s Death Valley.
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์€ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ์Šค ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์„ญ์”จ 54.4๋„๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ธฐ์˜จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:48
The same month also sawย  record amounts of ice melting
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์–‘์˜ ์–ผ์Œ
12:51
into the oceans around Greenland and the Arctic
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋…น์•„๋‚ด
12:54
- huge icebergs breaking away from the
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๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™์‚ฐ
12:57
edge of the ice sheet โ€“ a thick layer of ice
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์ด ๋น™์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€
13:00
which has covered a large area for a long time.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์–ผ์Œ์ธต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Greenlandโ€™s ice sheet isย  three times the size of Texas
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋น™์ƒ ์€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 3๋ฐฐ
13:07
and almost 2 kilometres thick.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 2km์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Locked inside is enough waterย  to raise sea levels by 6 metres.
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์ž ๊ธด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ 6๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
But global heating and meltingย  polar ice has many scientists
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๋…น๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
13:17
asking whether itโ€™s now too late to stop.
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๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Have we have reached the point of no return?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:22
In this programme, weโ€™ll lookingย  at the effects of climate
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„
13:25
change on the Arctic and askingย  if itโ€™s too late to change.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
And learning some of the related vocabulary too.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์š”.
13:32
Now, Georgina, you mentioned recordย  levels of ice melt in the North Pole
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์ž, Georgina, ๋‹น์‹  ์€ ๋ถ๊ทน์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰
13:36
but the scale is hard to take in.
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ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
The amounts are so bigย  theyโ€™re measured in gigatonnes
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๊ทธ ์–‘์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
โ€“ thatโ€™s a billion metric tonnes.
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์ฆ‰, 10์–ต ๋ฏธํ„ฐํ†ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Imagine a giant ice cube 1 kilometreย  by 1 kilometre by 1 kilometre.
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1km x 1km x 1km ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ผ์Œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:51
So my quiz question is this:ย  how many gigatonnes of ice
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์˜ ์–ผ์Œ
13:55
are now melting into the ocean every year?
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์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋…น๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:57
Is it: a) 450 gigatonnes?
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a) 450๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค?
14:00
b) 500 gigatonnes? or c) 550 gigatonnes?
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b) 500๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค? ๋˜๋Š” c) 550๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค?
14:05
Iโ€™ll take a guess at b) 500 gigatonnes.
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b) 500๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
OK, Georgina, weโ€™ll find out later.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgina, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
14:12
Now, glaciologist Michaela King has beenย  monitoring the melting of Arctic ice by satellite.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋น™ํ•˜ํ•™์ž์ธ Michaela King ์€ ์œ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ๊ทน ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
Here she is answering a question from BBCย  World Service programme, Science in Action,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น™์ƒ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Science in Action์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:24
on whether the destruction ofย  the ice sheet is now unavoidable:
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.
14:29
If we were to define a tipping point as a shift from one
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14:34
stable dynamic state
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14:36
to another, this certainly meets that criteria, because
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€
14:40
weโ€™re seeing now that the ice sheet wasย  more or less in balance prior to 2000 where
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์€ 2000๋…„ ์ด์ „์— ๋น™์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น™ํ•˜
14:46
the amount of ice being drained from the glaciers was
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์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์˜ ์–‘
14:48
approximately equal to what we are gainingย  on the surface via snow every year.
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์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Ice is made from snow falling on Greenlandโ€™s glaciers
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์–ผ์Œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋น™ํ•˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
- large, slow-moving masses of ice.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
At the same time though, ice is also lost through melting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ผ์Œ๋„ ๋…น์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์†์‹ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ์Œ
15:04
These two processes of making andย  melting ice kept the ice level in balance
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์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋…น์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์€
15:09
- having different parts or elementsย  arranged in the correct proportions.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ผ์Œ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Essentially, the melting ice wasย  replaced by newly frozen ice.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…น๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
But now, the glaciers are shrinkingย  faster than new ice is being accumulated
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ๋น™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
15:23
and the situation may have reached a tipping point
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์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
15:25
- the time at which a change or an effect cannot be stopped.
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์ „ํ™˜์ , ์ฆ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
So, does this mean that global heating andย  ice melting are now running automatically,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ์–ผ์Œ ์œตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
15:35
separate from the amountย  of greenhouse gases humans
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15:38
are pumping into the atmosphere?
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:40
Does that mean should just give up on the planet?
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:43
In fact, the situation is far from simple,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
as Michaela King explainsย  here to BBC World Service
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Michaela King์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ BBC World Service
15:49
programme, Science in Action:
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Science in Action์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด:
15:52
We can definitely control the rate of mass loss,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค ์†๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜
15:57
so itโ€™s definitely not a โ€˜throw yourย  hands upโ€™ and just do nothing about it
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ' ์†์„ ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜' ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
16:01
โ€“ give up on the ice sheetย  kind of situation โ€“ thatโ€™s
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โ€“ ๋น™์ƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ โ€“
16:04
certainly not the message I want to send โ€“
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“
16:06
but it does seem likely that we willย  continue to lose massโ€ฆ but of course
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
16:11
a slow rate of mass loss is highly preferred to
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
16:15
large annual losses every year.
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์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ ๋งค๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์†์‹ค.
16:18
Michaela thinks that changes in humanย  activity can still slow the rate
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Michaela๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
16:22
โ€“ or speed at which something happens,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
16:25
in this case the speed of Greenlandโ€™s ice sheet melting.
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์†๋„, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋น™์ƒ์ด ๋…น๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Sheโ€™s convinced itโ€™s not too late forย  collective action to save the planet,
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๊ทธ๋…€ ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
16:33
so, itโ€™s not yet time to 'throw your hands up'
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•„์ง '์†์„ ์œ„๋กœ' ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:35
โ€“ an idiom meaning to show frustration and despair
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. ์ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ
16:38
when a situation becomes soย  bad that you give up or submit.
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๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚˜๋น ์ ธ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์ข…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ ˆ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
Itโ€™s a positive message but one which calls
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€
16:45
for everyone to do what they can before it really is too late.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
Because the rate of ice melt is still increasing, right, Neil?
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์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น๋Š” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ  , ๋‹?
16:53
Yes, thatโ€™s right โ€“ in fact, that was myย  quiz question, Georgina โ€“ do you remember?
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๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”, Georgina. ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์„ธ์š”?
16:57
Yes, you asked me how manyย  gigatonnes of Greenlandโ€™s ice sheet
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ ๋น™์ƒ
17:01
are now melting every year.ย  I said b) 500 gigatonnes.
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์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๋ช‡ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค ๋…น๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” b) 500๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
And you wereโ€ฆcorrect!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€โ€ฆ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
17:08
In fact, some of these giant ice cubes areย  like small towns, almost a kilometre tall!
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ผ์Œ ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1km ๋†’์ด์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
17:14
So, thereโ€™s still work to be done.
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์•„์งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
In this programme, weโ€™ve been looking at the rateย  โ€“ or speed โ€“ of ice melt in Greenlandโ€™s ice sheet
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์–ผ์Œ์ธต์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ ๋น™์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น๋Š” ์†๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:21
- the thick layer of ice coveringย  a large area of the Arctic.
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.
17:26
Previously, the melting ice wasย  replaced by newly formed ice on glaciers
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋…น๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋น™ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์–ผ์Œ,
17:30
โ€“ large masses of slow-moving ice.
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์ฆ‰ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
This kept the Arctic in balance โ€“ havingย  different elements arranged in proportion.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
But the effects of globalย  heating have brought us close
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ‹ฐํ•‘ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
17:41
to a point of no return,
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๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์ ,
17:42
called a tipping point -ย  the time at which a change
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์ฆ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”
17:45
or an effect cannot be stopped.
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๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
The situation is serious butย  thereโ€™s still time to take action
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์†์„ ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„์ง ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:51
and not simply throw your hands up
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17:53
โ€“ show frustration and despairย  when you want to give up.
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. ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ ˆ๋ง์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
17:56
Thatโ€™s all for this programme, but if youย  want to find out more about climate change
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋น™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
18:00
and Greenlandโ€™s ice sheets, searchย  BBCโ€™s Science in Action website.
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BBC์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:04
And for more trending topicsย  and useful vocabulary,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ ์™€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด 6
18:06
remember to join us again soonย  at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
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Minute English์—์„œ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:11
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
18:17
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
In this programme, weโ€™ll be discussing climate change
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜
18:25
and teaching you some useful vocabularyย  so you can talk about it too.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
Such as 'emitters' โ€“ a word used to describe countries,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ธฐ' โ€“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€,
18:33
industries or just things that produce harmful substances
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์‚ฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š”
18:37
that harm the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
Substances such as carbon dioxide โ€“ an example of a greenhouse gas.
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ.
18:44
These gasses contribute to our warming planet.
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์ด ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
And weโ€™re going to be discussingย  whether the world's two
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„
18:50
biggest emitters of greenhouse gases
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตญ
18:52
โ€“ the USA and China - can work togetherย  for the good of the environment.
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์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
But a question for you first, Rob.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob.
19:00
In November this year, world leadersย  are due to meet at a climate conference.
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์˜ฌํ•ด 11์›”์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
In which city will this be taking place?
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์–ด๋Š ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
19:08
Is it: a) Brisbane, b) Glasgow, or c) Vienna?
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a) ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฒˆ, b) ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋น„์—”๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:13
Well, I've heard about this, so I thinkย  it's the Scottish city of Glasgow.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
OK, Rob, Iโ€™ll tell you ifย  you are right or wrong later.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฅธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
Letโ€™s talk more about climate change, then.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:24
Back in 2015, world leaders met in Paris.
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2015๋…„์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
It was the first time virtually all theย  nations of the world came together to agree
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
19:33
they all needed to tackle the issue.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
Under the terms of the Paris deal,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
19:38
countries promised to come back every five years
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๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ 5๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋Œ์•„์™€
19:41
and raise their carbon-cutting ambitions.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ์•ผ๋ง์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
An 'ambition' is something you want toย  achieve even if it is difficult to do so.
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'์•ผ๋ง' ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
President Trump pulled out of this Paris agreement
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ˜‘์ •์—์„œ ํƒˆํ‡ด
19:51
but now President Biden has brought the USA back into it.
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ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
But the USA still has a lot to do to helpย  reduce its contribution to air pollution.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
In China, where smog is a common occurrence,
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์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
20:03
President Xi Jinping has pledged theย  country will be carbon neutral by 2060.
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์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘ ์ฃผ์„ ์ด 2060๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
20:09
That means it will do things toย  reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰
20:13
by the same amount that it produces.
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, ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘๋งŒํผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
The BBC World Serviceย  programme, The Climate Question,
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Climate Question
20:19
has been looking at this is more detail.
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์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
BBC journalist, Vincent Ni, explains why Xiย  Jinpingโ€™s plans might be tricky to achieveโ€ฆ
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BBC ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ Vincent Ni๋Š” ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:28
What I'm really thinking is that this is
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
20:31
is a real inherent paradox in today's China.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์—ญ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
It is leading in many ways on greenย  initiatives while at the same time
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
20:39
it's also a big polluterย  and greenhouse gas emitter.
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๋™์‹œ์— ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์› ์ด์ž ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์›์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
It's got to alleviate poverty,ย  as well as fight pollution.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
Now, the thing to watch now is how thisย  dynamic will play out in the next few years.
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์ด์ œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์—ญํ•™ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:53
So, China currently has two things going on โ€“ one good,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด๊ณ 
20:56
one bad โ€“ an impossible situationย  because it has two opposite factors
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ
21:01
โ€“ what Vincent called a paradox.
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์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Vincent๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
And this paradox is that, on one hand,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ญ์„ค์€ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
21:07
China has many projects to improve the environment,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
21:10
but on the other hand, it is a big polluter.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
And as well as tackling pollution, Vincentย  also said China has to alleviate poverty
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Vincent๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
โ€“ 'alleviate' means 'make less severe or serious'.
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'์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
But as weโ€™ve said, China is not alone.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
The USA is another big polluter which is alsoย  trying to develop ways to 'clean up its act'
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ 'ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌ'ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์›
21:31
โ€“ an informal way of saying changeย  the way it behaves for the better.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
President Biden wants the US toย  achieve an 100% clean energy economy
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Biden ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 100% ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ
21:40
and reach net zero emissions by 2050.
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๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆœ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ œ๋กœ์— ๋„๋‹ฌ
21:43
He also wants to create 10ย  million new โ€˜greenโ€™ jobs.
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด '๋…น์ƒ‰' ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
'Green' means related to protecting and helping the environment.
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'๊ทธ๋ฆฐ'์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
The former governor of California, Jerry Brown,
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21:53
whoโ€™s now with the California-Chinaย  Climate Institute at Berkeley,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„-์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ Jerry Brown
21:57
also spoke to The Climate Question programme.
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๋„ The Climate Question ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
He thinks the USA should do its bit to help climate change,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชซ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
22:04
but it also involves working together, globallyโ€ฆ
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
We have to really face reality
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ฒธํ—ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:11
with humility.
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.
22:12
We put more heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
that are still there, than China has
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22:18
- that's the historical factโ€ฆ So, I think we need to stop
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
22:23
pointing fingers as though evil is outside...
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์•…์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
22:26
and we have to work with China andย  Russia and Europe and everywhere else,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ
22:30
as partners in humankindโ€™s very dangerous path forward.
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์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ „์ง„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:36
So, I'd worry more about that than figuring out all the flaws
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ• 
22:40
of which there are many in myย  competitive friends and enemies.
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๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
Jerry talks about facingย  the situation with humility
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Jerry๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
โ€“ so, not trying to be more important thanย  others and admitting your bad qualities.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜์œ ์ž์งˆ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
He says the USA should not think evil
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
โ€“ the polluters in this case โ€“ are fromย  elsewhere. Stop pointing fingers at other people!
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
23:02
Yes. The solution, maybe, is not toย  blame others but to work together,
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์˜ˆ. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋น„๋‚œ
23:06
trust each other, and make tough choicesย  rather than pointing out each otherโ€™s 'flaws'
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ '๊ฒฐ์ '
23:11
โ€“ faults or mistakes.
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(๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜)์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:13
Hopefully, many countries can work together
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:15
more when they attend thisย  yearโ€™s climate conference, Rob.
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, Rob.
23:18
But in which city?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ?
23:20
Ah, yes, I said Glasgow, in Scotland. Was I right?
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์•„, ๋„ค, ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
23:23
You were, Rob. Well done.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€, ๋กญ. ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
23:25
World leaders are due to meet there in November this year.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด 11์›” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:28
Right, now thereโ€™s just time to recap onย  some of the vocabulary we have discussed.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
Yes. We talked about 'emitters'
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์˜ˆ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
23:34
โ€“ countries, industries or justย  things that produce โ€“ or emit โ€“
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23:38
harmful substances that harm the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์‚ฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ '๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ž'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
'Ambitions' are things you want to achieve even if they are difficult.
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'์•ผ๋ง'์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
A 'paradox' is an impossible situationย  because it has two opposite factors.
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'์—ญ์„ค' ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
To 'alleviate' means, make less severe or serious.
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'์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
'Humility' involves trying not to be more importantย  than others and admitting your bad qualities.
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'๊ฒธ์†'์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
And 'flaws' is another word for faults or mistakes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'flaws'๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:04
Well, hopefully, there were no flaws in this programme!
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
24:07
Thatโ€™s all for now, but weโ€™ll be backย  again soon to discuss more trending topics
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:11
and vocabulary here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
24:14
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
24:21
Hello, I'm Rob, and welcome to 6 Minute English,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:24
where today weโ€™re chattingย  about a pedestrian topic
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. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ฃผ์ œ
24:27
and six items of related vocabulary.
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์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜ 6๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
Hello, Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
A pedestrian is someone who walks aroundย  rather than travelling by car or bus.
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:36
But in Robโ€™s sentence he used the adjective,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Rob์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
24:39
and in this context itย  means dull or uninteresting!
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ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
24:42
And, of course, I was making a pun, Neil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹.
24:45
Because, of course, the show isย  going to be extremely interesting!
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
24:48
Itโ€™s about safety on the streets
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „
24:50
โ€“ and whether pedestrianisation is a good thing or not.
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๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉ ์ด ์ข‹์€์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
Pedestrianisation means changing a street intoย  an area that can only be used by pedestrians.
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๋ณดํ–‰์žํ™”๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
Ah, well, it sounds like a good idea โ€“ย  no traffic, less noise and air pollution.
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์•„, ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์†Œ์Œ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:05
And no chance of getting knocked down by a car or a bus!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์น˜์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
25:09
There are plans to pedestrianise Oxford Street,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฒˆํ™”ํ•œ ์‡ผํ•‘ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ณ„ํš
25:12
which is one of the busiest shopping streets in London.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:15
Thatโ€™s right. The Mayor of London wants toย  tackle โ€“ or make an effort to deal with โ€“
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:20
air pollution in this very busy spot
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25:22
โ€“ where the amount of traffic is definitely a problem!
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!
25:25
In fact, can you tell me, Neil,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‹, ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
25:27
whatโ€™s the average speed of a busย  travelling along Oxford Street?
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์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:31
Is it: a) 4.6 miles per hour,
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a) ์‹œ์† 4.6๋งˆ์ผ,
25:34
b) 14.6 miles per hour or
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b) ์‹œ์† 14.6๋งˆ์ผ ๋˜๋Š”
25:38
c) 46 miles per hour?
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c) ์‹œ์† 46๋งˆ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:41
And I think itโ€™s 14.6 miles per hour
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์† 14.6๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:44
โ€“ a) sounds too slow and c) sounds too fast!
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a) ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  c) ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
25:47
OK, we'll find out the answer later on.
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์ข‹์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
25:50
The problem is โ€“ the trafficย  doesnโ€™t just disappear.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:53
You ban it from one area โ€“ andย  it gets rerouted somewhere else.
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ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:57
Ban means to say officially that something canโ€™t be done.
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Ban์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:00
And reroute means to change theย  direction youโ€™re travelling in,
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๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€
26:03
in order to reach a particular destination.
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ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋™ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:06
Thatโ€™s true, Rob. It must be a big headache for city planners.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์•ผ, ๋กญ. ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:10
Well, letโ€™s listen now to Joe Urvin,ย  Chief Executive of Living Streets.
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์ด์ œ Living Streets์˜ CEO์ธ Joe Urvin์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:15
Heโ€™s going to talk some more about why trafficย  is causing problems in our towns and cities.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:22
In 1970, we had 20 million cars in this country.
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1970๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:26
Now we have over 30 million cars in such a short period.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:30
So, that creates three big problems.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
One is space โ€“ because weโ€™ve still got theย  same street structures in our towns and cities,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
26:36
causing congestion. It causes pollution, whichย  people are concerned about more and more.
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์žˆ์–ด ํ˜ผ์žก์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
And actually, itโ€™s kind of engineering walking out of our lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:44
So, weโ€™re, actually, not getting enoughย  exercise, which is a cause of a health crisis.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:48
Smart cities are looking at pedestrianisation
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉํ™”(
26:50
โ€“ in Glasgow, in Birmingham, inย  London for example, Manchester โ€“
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๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ , ๋ฒ„๋ฐ์—„, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ)๋ฅผ
26:55
as a way of not only making their places,ย  cities better and more attractive,
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์žฅ์†Œ, ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
27:00
actually, building their local economy.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:04
So, Neil Urvin identifies three problems
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Neil Urvin์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„
27:06
โ€“ the first is that our cityย  streets have stayed the same
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ
27:10
while the number of cars on theย  roads has increased dramatically.
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์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:15
Thatโ€™s right โ€“ and this has led to congestion on our roads.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์žกํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:18
Congestion means too much traffic, making it hard to move.
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ํ˜ผ์žก์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
The second problem is pollutionย  โ€“ which we mentioned earlier.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:26
Pollution is damage to the environmentย  caused by releasing waste substances
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์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ”ผํ•ด
27:30
such as carbon dioxide into the air.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:33
And the third problem is that byย  travelling around on buses or in our cars
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
27:37
we arenโ€™t getting enough exercise.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
And we all know thatโ€™s a bad thing!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
27:42
Would pedestrianisation engineer walkingย  back into our lives do you think?
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:46
Iโ€™m not sure, Neil.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ๋‹.
27:47
It would be great if we could go shoppingย  or walk to work without breathing in fumes
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๋งค์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ
27:52
or worrying about getting knocked down by a car.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์— ์น˜์ผ ๊ฑฑ์ • ์—†์ด ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ณด๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:54
But banning all motorisedย  traffic from town centres
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ตํ†ต์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด
27:58
might make life difficultย  for people to get around.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:01
Well, Iโ€™m not a town planner โ€“ย  and I donโ€™t have the answers.
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์Œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋‹ต์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:04
But I would like to know if I got the answerย  right to the question you asked me earlier!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์–ป์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:08
OK, well, I asked you: Whatโ€™s the averageย  speed of a bus travelling along Oxford Street?
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์†๋„๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:14
Is itโ€ฆ a) 4.6mph, b) 14.6mph
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a) 4.6mph, b
28:20
or c) 46mph?
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) 14.6mph ๋˜๋Š” c) 46mph์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:22
And I said 14.6mph.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” 14.6mph๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:25
And thatโ€™s not slow enough, Neil, Iโ€™m afraid.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil, ์œ ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:28
The answer is actually 4.6mph.
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๋‹ต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 4.6mph์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:31
And we pedestrians walk at anย  average speed of 3.1mph, apparently!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  3.1mph์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:36
Oh, good to know.
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์•„, ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:38
OK โ€“ shall we go over the words we learned today, Rob?
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์ข‹์•„์š” โ€“ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”, Rob?
28:40
Sure โ€“ the first one is โ€˜pedestrianโ€™
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '๋ณดํ–‰์ž
28:43
โ€“ a person who is walking, usuallyย  in an area where thereโ€™s traffic.
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'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:47
โ€˜Sorry โ€“ you canโ€™t ride your bike here.ย  This path is for pedestrians only.โ€™
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'์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธธ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ์ „์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:52
The adjective โ€“ โ€˜This bookย  is full of very pedestrianย ย 
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' ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ โ€“ '์ด ์ฑ… ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์—
28:55
ideas. I wouldnโ€™t read it if I were you.โ€™
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
28:58
Iโ€™ve crossed it off my list, Neil. Thank you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ์ง€์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด, ๋‹. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
OK โ€“ number two is 'to tackle' something,
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ 'ํƒœํดํ•˜๋‹ค'
29:02
which means to make an effort toย  deal with a difficult problem.
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๋กœ, ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:06
For example, โ€˜The government isnโ€™t reallyย  tackling the problem of air pollution.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:10
It needs to do much more.โ€™
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:12
Very true.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:13
OK, โ€˜banโ€™ means to officiallyย  say that something canโ€™t be done.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ธˆ์ง€'๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:17
โ€˜The UK government will ban the saleย  of diesel and petrol cars from 2040.โ€™
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'์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2040๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋””์ ค ๋ฐ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:22
And number four is โ€˜rerouteโ€™ which means toย  change the direction youโ€™re travelling in.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
โ€˜The council has rerouted allย  buses to avoid the town centre.โ€™
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'์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ„์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '
29:32
โ€˜Congestionโ€™ is number five โ€“ too muchย  traffic, making it difficult to move.
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ํ˜ผ์žก'์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:37
โ€˜Road congestion always gets better in theย  summer when a lot of car drivers are on holiday.โ€™
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'๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:41
Hm, thatโ€™s true, isnโ€™t it?
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
29:43
London always seems emptier in July and August.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์€ 7์›”๊ณผ 8์›”์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ์•„
29:45
Except for all the tourists walkingย  around โ€“ congesting the streets!
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  - ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
29:49
Very funny! And finally, number six is โ€˜pollutionโ€™
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๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค! ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '๊ณตํ•ด
29:52
โ€“ which is damage to the environmentย  caused by releasing waste substances
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'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
29:56
such as carbon dioxide into the air, or plastic into the sea.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
โ€˜You can help reduce air pollution by walkingย  to work every day instead of driving.โ€™
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'๋งค์ผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋„๋ณด๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
30:05
Are you talking to me,ย  Neil? I always walk to work!
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๋‚˜ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹? ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค!
30:08
I know you do, Rob โ€“ youโ€™re an example to us all!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob โ€“ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
30:11
OK, thatโ€™s all we have time for today.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:13
But please donโ€™t forget to visit us viaย  our Twitter, Facebook and YouTube pages!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Twitter, Facebook ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
30:18
Goodbye!
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30:18
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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