Optimists vs pessimists - 6 Minute English

248,610 views ใƒป 2022-03-31

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Iโ€™m Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
We often hear phrases such as, โ€˜dream bigโ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” 'ํฐ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๋‹ค'
00:16
or, โ€˜reach for the starsโ€™ which reflect
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๋˜๋Š” '๋ณ„์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์†์„ ๋ป—์–ด๋ผ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ
00:18
an optimistic view of life.
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Are you an optimist, Sam?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚™์ฒœ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ƒ˜?
00:22
I hope so!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค!
00:23
I try to see the positive side
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๋‚˜๋Š”
00:25
of life, even when something bad happens.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
It sounds like youโ€™re a glass-half-full person โ€“
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๋‹น์‹ ์€
00:31
someone who always thinks
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ํ•ญ์ƒ
00:32
that good things will happen.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
How about you, Neil?
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๋„Œ ์–ด๋•Œ, ๋‹?
00:36
Are you optimistic?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:37
Look, things go wrong all the time -
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ผ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
thatโ€™s a fact of life.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:40
Call me a pessimist
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€
00:41
if you like but Iโ€™m just being realistic.
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๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Hmm, it sounds like Neil is more
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์Œ, Neil
00:45
of a glass-half-empty person, but the
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์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ž”์ด ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
00:48
truth is that the age-old debate between
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€
00:51
optimism and pessimism is
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00:52
more complex than we think.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Yes, whether youโ€™re a sunny
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์˜ˆ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ์€
00:55
optimist or a gloomy pessimist may
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ์ง€ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๋น„๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฒŒ
00:58
be determined more by your birthplace
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01:00
and your age than your attitude, as weโ€™ll
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถœ์ƒ์ง€์™€ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:02
be finding out in this programme.
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.
01:04
Great. Iโ€™ve got a good feeling about this, Neil!
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„, ๋‹!
01:07
But first, as usual, I have a question for you, Sam.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด Sam์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Psychologists define optimism as an attitude
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
01:13
which overestimates the chances of good
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:15
things happening to you, while underestimating
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01:18
the chances of bad things occurring.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
So, what proportion of the British population,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜
01:23
do you think, describe themselves as optimistic?
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๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:27
Is it: a) 20 percent?
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a) 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ?
01:28
b) 50 percent?
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b) 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ?
01:29
or, c) 80 percent?
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๋˜๋Š”, c) 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ?
01:31
Iโ€™ll choose the largest โ€“ 80 percentโ€ฆ
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 80%โ€ฆ
01:33
OK, Sam. Weโ€™ll find out if your optimistic
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Sam. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ
01:36
answer is the correct one later in
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ
01:38
the programme.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Someone who probably wouldnโ€™t agree with you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„
01:41
though, is BBC World Service listener, Hannah.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ BBC World Service ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž Hannah์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Hannah grew up in Germany
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Hannah๋Š”
01:45
before moving to the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
She thinks Americans tend to be more
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01:50
optimistic than people back home
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01:52
in Germany, as she told BBC World Service
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ CrowdScience์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋…์ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚™๊ด€์ 
01:55
programme, CrowdScience:
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01:57
Well, I think the stereotypical perceptions
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01:59
of Germans is that weโ€™re quite pessimistic
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02:01
and that kind of tends to come across
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์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
as being a bit of a Debbie Downer,
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Debbie Downer
02:06
when in actuality, Germans just tend
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์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…์ผ์ธ
02:09
to be avid planners for all eventual negative
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์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
eventualities as wellโ€ฆ so thatโ€™s kind of
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:14
us being pessimistic but actually being
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
02:17
cautious, as opposed to for example,
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์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
what Iโ€™ve notice in America that a lot
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:21
of people tend to be hyper-optimistic.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Iโ€™ve always admired how Americans
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ
02:26
tend to be able to sugarcoat everything.
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๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„คํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐํƒ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
As a stereotypical pessimist,
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ํ‹€์— ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ์—ผ์„ธ์ฃผ์˜
02:30
Hannah sometimes feels like a Debbie Downer.
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์ž์ธ Hannah๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ Debbie Downer์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
This expression is American slang for someone who
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด
02:36
makes others feel bad by focussing
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์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์†์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
on the depressing aspects of things.
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.
02:41
Americans, on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ
02:42
are typically seen as optimists
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๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:44
who tend to sugarcoat things โ€“
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰
02:47
make things seem better than they really are.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
According to Hannah, many
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Hannah์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€
02:50
Americans are hyper-optimistic.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
She uses the prefix hyper to say that
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ ‘๋‘์–ด ํ•˜์ดํผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
02:55
there is too much of a certain quality.
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Hyper-sensitive people are too sensitive;
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๊ณผ๋ฏผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
a hyper-optimist is too optimistic.
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Besides your country of birth, age
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ์— ๋‚˜์ด
03:07
is another consideration in the optimism debate.
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๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
When weโ€™re young we have our whole life ahead of us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ Š์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ 
03:12
and itโ€™s easier to optimistically believe
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
that everythingโ€™s going to be alright.
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.
03:16
The belief that everythingโ€™s
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๋ชจ๋“ 
03:17
going to be fine is called โ€˜the optimism biasโ€™.
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๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ '๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
It isnโ€™t fixed but changes as we age -
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€
03:23
something neuroscientist,
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž
03:25
Professor Tali Sharot, explained to
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Tali Sharot ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š”
03:27
BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience:
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ CrowdScience์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
So itโ€™s quite high in kids and teenagers โ€“
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03:33
they think, โ€˜Oh, everythingโ€™s going to be fineโ€™, you know,
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03:35
and then it goes down, down, down
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03:37
and it hits rock bottom in your midlife
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03:40
at which point the optimism bias is
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ด
03:41
relatively small, and then it starts
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๋…„์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘
03:43
climbing up again and itโ€™s quite high
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:46
in the elderly population, and that
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.
03:48
goes absolutely against our view of
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03:50
the grumpy old man, or woman.
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์‹ฌ์ˆ  ๊ถ‚์€ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด.
03:53
After starting out high in children,
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
03:55
the optimism bias hits rock bottom โ€“
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ
03:58
the lowest possible level โ€“ in middle age,
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์€ ์ค‘๋…„์— ์ตœ์ €์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
often because of work pressures,
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์ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์—…๋ฌด ์••๋ฐ•,
04:02
family responsibilities or caring for elderly parents.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋กœํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
But optimism seems to increase
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
04:08
again as we get older.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
04:10
This is surprising
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
04:11
as it goes against the image we have
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:13
of the grumpy old man โ€“ a phrase to
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04:15
describe someone who complains a lot,
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04:18
is moody and gets easily annoyed.
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.
04:21
Optimistic women, meanwhile,
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ํ•œํŽธ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ
04:23
can look forward to longer, healthier lives.
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์€ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Good news for you then, Sam!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์•ผ, ์ƒ˜!
04:27
But Iโ€™m sticking with my pessimism.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
If I anticipate things going wrong
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์ผ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป
04:32
I donโ€™t get disappointed when they do!
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๋  ๋•Œ ์‹ค๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:34
Thatโ€™s actually a fairly positive
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ
04:36
way of looking at things, Neil, but
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:38
Iโ€™m not sure if most people would
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
agree with you โ€“ or maybe they wouldโ€ฆ
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04:42
It depends on the answer to your questionโ€ฆ
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04:44
Right. I asked Sam what proportion
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ˜์—๊ฒŒ
04:47
of British people describe themselves as optimistic.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And optimistically, I said it was c) 80 percent.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด c) 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Which wasโ€ฆ the correct answer!
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:56
Of course it was.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
04:58
Whether you expect good or bad things to happen
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋“  ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ
05:00
to you, youโ€™re probably right.
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๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋“ , ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So why not focus on the sunny side of life, Neil?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”, ๋‹?
05:05
That way, youโ€™ve got nothing to lose!
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žƒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:07
OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
05:10
from this programme, Sam.
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, Sam.
05:11
Youโ€™re certainly a glass-half-full person โ€“
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์ฐฌ
05:13
someone with an optimistic attitude to life.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
And youโ€™re something of a Debbie Downer -
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Debbie Downer
05:19
American slang for someone who brings
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—
05:21
everyone down by talking about the
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:23
negative side of things.
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.
05:25
If you sugarcoat something, you
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์„คํƒ•์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๋ฉด
05:27
make it appear more positive than it really is.
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์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
The prefix hyper is used before
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์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ hyper๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ํ•ด๋‹น ํ’ˆ์งˆ
05:32
an adjective to show having too
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์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
much of that quality, for example
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:37
hypercritical means being too critical.
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hypercritical์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
If something hits rock bottom it
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด
05:43
reaches its lowest possible level.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
And finally, the phrase grumpy old
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ grumpy old man์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„
05:47
man can be used to describe someone
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05:49
who always complains, is intolerant
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์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธํ˜‘
05:52
and gets annoyed easilyโ€ฆ a bit like Neil!
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ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Neil๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:57
Unfortunately our six minutes are up,
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์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ 6
05:59
but join us again soon for more
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๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€
06:01
trending topics and useful vocabulary
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์ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:03
here at 6 Minute English.
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.
06:05
Goodbye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:08
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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