BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Language 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

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2022-08-07 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Language 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

208,301 views ใƒป 2022-08-07

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Gลdne mergen! Mรฉ lรญcap pรฉ tรณ mรฉtanne!
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ! ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:14
I beg your pardon, Neil? Is something stuck in your throat?!ย 
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์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹? ๋ชฉ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?!
00:18
Are you speaking a foreign language?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:20
Ha! Well, actually Georgina, I was saying, โ€˜Good morning, pleased to meet youโ€™ in English -ย 
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ํ•˜์•„! ์Œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค Georgina, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ '์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ -
00:25
but not the English you and I speak. That was Anglo-Saxon, or Old English,ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ ์ƒ‰์Šจ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ,
00:30
the earliest form of English, spoken in theย 
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00:32
Middle Ages โ€“ so, betweenย  the 5th and 15th century.
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์ค‘์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์ฆ‰ 5์„ธ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 15์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์˜์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
It doesnโ€™t sound anything like the way people talk nowadays.
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:40
No, but itโ€™s surprising how many of the words we use today have survivedย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:44
from Old English โ€“ beer, wine, drink, fish, bread, butter, eye, ear, mouth,ย 
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๋งฅ์ฃผ, ์™€์ธ, ์Œ๋ฃŒ, ์ƒ์„ , ๋นต, ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, ๋ˆˆ, ๊ท€, ์ž…,
00:50
head, hand, foot, life, love, laughter,ย 
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ, ์†, ๋ฐœ, ์‚ถ, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ์›ƒ์Œ,
00:54
mother, daughter, sister, brother, son, father โ€“ all Anglo-Saxon words!
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋“ฑ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ๋”ธ, ์ž๋งค, ํ˜•์ œ, ์•„๋“ค, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ โ€“ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ ๋‹จ์–ด!
01:00
Wow, so many everyday words! But what about the classics - Latin and Greek?ย 
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์™€์šฐ, ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์š”! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:05
I thought a lot of English
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด
01:06
vocabulary came from there.
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Thatโ€™s also true, but the history of English is the history of invasions โ€“ you know,ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์นจ๋žต์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ
01:13
when the army of one country fights to enter and control another country.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Like the Roman invasion of Britain?
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๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ?
01:19
Right, and later invasions too, by Norse- speaking Vikings and Germanic Saxons.ย 
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์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น๊ณผ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งŒ ์ƒ‰์Šจ์กฑ์˜ ์นจ๋žต๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
In fact, Georgina, that reminds me of my quiz question.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, Georgina, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:29
Go on then, but in modernย  English if you donโ€™t mindโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ...
01:32
OK. Well, the year 1066 is remembered for a famous battle when the French-speakingย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์Œ, 1066 ๋…„์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
01:37
Norman king, William the
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๋…ธ๋ฅด๋งŒ ์™•,
01:39
Conqueror, invaded England โ€“
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์ •๋ณต์ž ์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„์ด ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์นจ๊ณตํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „ํˆฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
but what is the name of the famous battle? Is it:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
01:44
a) The Battle of Waterloo?,
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a) ์›Œํ„ธ๋ฃจ ์ „ํˆฌ?,
01:47
b) The Battle of Hastings?, or, c) The Battle of Trafalgar?
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b) ํ—ค์ด์ŠคํŒ…์Šค ์ „ํˆฌ?, ๋˜๋Š” c) ํŠธ๋ผํŒ”๊ฐ€ ์ „ํˆฌ?
01:50
Hmm, my historyโ€™s not great, Neil, but I think
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ํ , ๋‚ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„, Neil, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:54
itโ€™s b) The Battle of Hastings.
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b) The Battle of Hastings์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
01:56
OK, Georgina, weโ€™ll find out โ€˜laterโ€™ - another Old English word there!ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgina, '๋‚˜์ค‘์—'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:01
But itโ€™s not just words that survive from Anglo-Saxon, itโ€™s word endings too โ€“ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:06
the suffix, or letters added to the end of a word to modify its meaning.
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์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์–ด๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Right, like adding โ€˜sโ€™ to make something plural,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒˆ, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
02:13
as in: one bird, two birds. Or the โ€˜nessโ€™
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๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
02:17
in โ€˜goodnessโ€™ and โ€˜happinessโ€™. And โ€˜domโ€™,
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'์„ '๊ณผ 'ํ–‰๋ณต'์˜ '๋‹ค์›€'. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:20
as in, โ€˜freedomโ€™ and kingdomโ€™.
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'์ž์œ '์™€ ์™•๊ตญ'์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด '๋”'.
02:22
Poet Michael Rosen is fascinated by Old English.
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์‹œ์ธ ๋งˆ์ดํด ๋กœ์  ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Here he is talking about word suffixes to Oxford University
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Word of Mouth๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜ Andy Orchard์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:29
professor Andy Orchard forย BBC Radio 4โ€™s programme,
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02:33
Word of Mouth.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Listen out for the proportion of modern English that comes from Anglo-Saxon.
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Anglo-Saxon์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:39
โ€˜I walkedโ€™ โ€“ that โ€˜walkedโ€™, ย the โ€˜etโ€™ bit on the end.
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'I walk' โ€“ 'walked', ๋์— 'et' ๋น„ํŠธ.
02:42
Yeah, the โ€˜edโ€™ ending. Most modern verbs โ€“ if we were to
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์˜ˆ, 'ed'์—”๋”ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋™์‚ฌ โ€“
02:45
say, you know, โ€˜I texted my daughterโ€™, I mean text is,
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'I texted my daughter'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š”
02:48
obviously - comes from Latin โ€ฆ 'I tweeted' - we still lapse
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'I tweeted'๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
02:52
to the Anglo-Saxon.
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์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And, generally, when Iโ€™m speaking, justย  letโ€™s do it in mathematical terms,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์˜
02:57
what proportion can we say isย 
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๋น„์œจ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
03:00
Old English? Can we say, like, about 80% in common
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•ฝ 80%๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
03:04
parlance, sorry to use a French word there?
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์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:07
In speech it would be something like that โ€“
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๋ง๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ
03:09
in the written language, less. Theyโ€™re the basic building
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
03:11
blocks of who we are and what we think.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Professor Orchard estimates that 80 percent of spoken
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Orchard ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์–ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์˜ 80%
03:17
English in common parlance comes from Anglo-Saxon.
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๊ฐ€ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
'In common parlance' means the words and vocabulary that most people
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In common parlance'๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
03:25
use in ordinary, everyday conversation.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So Anglo-Saxon words are the building blocks of English -
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ ์ƒ‰์Šจ์–ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:32
the basic parts that are put together to make something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
He also thinks that the languages we speak shape the way we see the world.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Hereโ€™s Michael Rosen and Professor Andy Orchard discussing this idea
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ Michael Rosen๊ณผ Andy Orchard ๊ต์ˆ˜
03:44
on BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth:
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๊ฐ€ BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Can we say that English speakers today, as Iโ€™m speaking
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž
03:51
to you now, view the world through Anglo-Saxon eyes, through
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๊ฐ€ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:55
Anglo-Saxon words? Can we say that?
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๋‹จ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:57
Well, in Old English poetry it's always raining and I suppose itโ€™s always raining today.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
There is a retrospective element, that weโ€™re still inhabiting that worldview, those ideas;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€, ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
the same words, the same simple ideas that they inhabited.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ.
04:09
And whatโ€™s extraordinary if you think about the history of English is despite the
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ 
04:13
invasions by the Norse and by the Norman, and then despite the years of empire when weโ€™re bringing
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์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์™€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋งŒ์ธ์˜ ์นจ๋žต์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:17
things back, the English that weโ€™re speaking today is still at its
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
root, Old English word, at its heart, Old English word, still very much English.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Michael Rosen asks if English speakers see
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Michael Rosen์€ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž
04:32
the world through Anglo-Saxon eyes.
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๊ฐ€ ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
When we see something through someoneโ€™s eyes, we see it from their
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
04:38
perspective,ย their point of view.
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๊ด€์ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And Professor Orchard replies by saying that despite all the history of invasion and
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Orchard ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์นจ๋žต๊ณผ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:45
empire, the English we speak today is still Old English 'at heart' โ€“
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด 'at heart'
04:50
a phrase used to say what something is really like.
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, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Wow! So much history crammed into six minutes!
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์šฐ์™€! 6๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:57
And now, time for one more history fact.
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์ด์ œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Do you mean your quiz question, Neil? Whatโ€™s the name of the famous battle of 1066?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Neil? 1066๋…„์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „ํˆฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:05
What did you say, Georgina?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜?
05:07
I said b) The Battle of Hastings.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค b) ํ—ค์ด์ŠคํŒ…์Šค ์ „ํˆฌ.
05:10
Which wasโ€ฆ the correct answer! The Battle of Hastings in
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! 1066๋…„ ํ—ค์ด์ŠคํŒ…์Šค ์ „ํˆฌ
05:13
1066 played a big part in the Norman Conquest and mixing
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๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋งŒ ์ •๋ณต์— ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:17
French words into the language.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ์–ด์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And I also know how the English ruler, King Harold, died โ€“
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž์ธ Harold ์™•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
05:24
shot through the eye with an arrow!
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์‚ด๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฟฐ๋šซ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:26
Ouch! OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary, some of which
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์•„์•ผ!
05:29
exists because of 'invasions' โ€“ when one country enters and controls another.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” '์นจ๋žต' ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
A suffix is added to the end of a word to make a new word.
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์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
The phrase 'in common parlance' means using ordinary, everyday words.
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'in common parlance'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
'Building blocks' are the basic parts used to make something.
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'๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก'์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
'To see things through someoneโ€™s eyes' means, from their point of view.
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โ€œ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹คโ€๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
And finally, 'at heart' is used to say what something is really like.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'at heart'๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:55
Thatโ€™s all for this programme. Join us again soon at 6 Minute English butย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 Minute English์—์„œ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
for now, โ€˜far gesund!โ€™ โ€“ thatโ€™s Old English for โ€˜goodbyeโ€™!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 'far gesund! '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์•ˆ๋…•'์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
06:03
Far gesund!
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๋ฉ€๊ฒŒ!
06:10
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Bonjour, Rob! Konโ€™nichiโ€™wa!
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๋ด‰์ฅฌ๋ฅด, ๋กญ! ์ฝ˜๋‹ˆ์น˜์™€!
06:17
Excuse me?
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์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค?
06:18
ยกHola! ยฟCรณmo estรกs?
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ยก์•ˆ๋…•! ยฟCรณmo estรกs?
06:20
Oh, OK, I think Neilโ€™s saying โ€˜helloโ€™ in different languages โ€“ French, was it?ย 
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์˜ค, ๋„ค, ๋‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ '์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์ฃ ?
06:26
And then.. Japanese? Andโ€ฆ Spanish? Is that right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ .. ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ โ€ฆ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด? ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:29
ยกSi, muy bien!
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ยก์‹œ, ๋ฌด์ด ๋น„์—”!
06:32
The English are famously slow to learn otherย 
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์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…
06:34
languages. But it seems that Rob and I -
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋กญ๊ณผ ๋‚˜,
06:37
and of course you - our global audience here at 6 Minute English -
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 6 Minute English์˜ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒญ์ค‘์ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
06:40
are good examples of polyglots โ€“ people who speak more than one language,
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์€ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
06:45
sometimes known as 'superlinguists'.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” '์Šˆํผ๋ง๊ท€์ŠคํŠธ'๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
06:48
People who speak multiple languages benefit from many advantages, as weโ€™ll
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด
06:52
be hearing in this programme.
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
That word 'polyglot' sounds familiar, Neil.
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'๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil.
06:56
Doesn't the prefix 'poly' mean โ€˜manyโ€™?
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์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ 'ํด๋ฆฌ'๋Š” '๋งŽ์€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:00
Thatโ€™s right, like 'polygon' โ€“ a shape with many sides.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‹ค๊ฐํ˜•'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋„ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Or 'polymath' โ€“ someone who knows many things.
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํด๋ฆฌ๋งค์Šค' โ€“ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
07:07
And speaking of knowing things, itโ€™s time for my quiz question.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
The word 'polyglot' comes from Greek and is made up of two parts:
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'polyglot'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด
07:15
'poly', which as Rob says, means โ€˜manyโ€™, and โ€˜glotโ€™. But what does โ€˜glotโ€™ mean?
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์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Rob์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด '๋งŽ์€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” 'poly'์™€ 'glot'์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ '๊ธ€๋กฏ'์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:20
What is the meaning of the word 'polyglot'?
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'๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:23
Is it: a) many words, b) many sounds or c) many tongues?
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a) ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด, b) ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:28
Well, thereโ€™s three syllables in โ€˜polyglotโ€™, Neil, so I reckon itโ€™s b), many sounds.
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์Œ, Neil, '๋‹ค์–ธ์–ด'์—๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ b), ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
OK, Rob, weโ€™ll find out if thatโ€™s right at the end of the programme. But leaving asideย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋กญ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š” . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
07:40
the origins of the word, what exactly does being a polyglot involve?
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์€ ์ œ์ณ๋‘๊ณ , ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:45
British-born polyglot, Richard Simcot speaks eleven languages.ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ํƒœ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์ธ Richard Simcot์€ 11๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
Listen to his definition as he speaks to BBC World Service programme,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
07:54
The Documentary:
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The Documentary์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:56
A polyglot for me can be anyone who identifies with that term โ€“
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์šฉ์–ด์™€ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
itโ€™s somebody who learns languages that they donโ€™t necessarily need
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08:04
for their lives, but just out of sheer enjoyment, pleasure or fascination with
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08:09
another language or culture.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€, ๊ธฐ์จ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ.
08:12
For Richard, being a polyglot simply meansย 
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Richard์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
08:15
identifying with the idea - feeling that you are similar or closely connected to it.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ์ž์‹  ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
He says polyglots learn languages not because they have to,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”
08:24
but for the sheer enjoyment, which means, โ€˜nothing exceptโ€™ enjoyment.ย 
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๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Richard uses the word sheer to emphasise how strong and pure this enjoyment is.
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Richard๋Š” ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด sheer๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:35
As well as the pleasure of speaking other languages, polyglots are also better atย 
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๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:40
communicating with others. My favourite quote by South Africaโ€™s first black president, Nelson Mandela, is:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋” ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„๊ณต ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ์˜ ๋ง์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:47
"If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head.
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.
08:52
If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart."
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08:56
How inspiring, Rob โ€“ Iโ€™m lost for words! Hereโ€™s another: โ€˜To have another languageย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob โ€“ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ๋ง์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด
09:02
is to possess a second soulโ€™.
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๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:05
So, language learning is good for the head, heart and soul โ€“
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ์Œ, ์˜ํ˜ผ,
09:10
a personโ€™s spirit or the part of them which is believed to continue existing
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์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
09:15
after death.
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09:15
Yes โ€“ and whatโ€™s more, language learning is good for the brain too.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ โ€“ ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ์—๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Thatโ€™s according to Harvard neuroscientist, Eveย Fedorenko.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž Eve Fedorenko์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Sheโ€™s researched the effects of speaking multiple languages
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
on the brains of growing children.
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.
09:29
Eve predicted that multilingual children would have hyperactive
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Eve๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์–ธ์–ด ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:33
language brains. But what she actually found surprised her, as she
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€
09:38
explains here to BBC World Serviceโ€™s The Documentary:
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๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ BBC World Service์˜ The Documentary์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
What we found โ€“ this is now people who already have proficiency in multiple
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ
09:47
languages - what we found is that their language regions
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์–ธ์–ด
09:50
appear to be smaller, and that was surprisingโ€ฆ and as people get better
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์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ๋” ๋Šฅ์ˆ™
09:55
and better, more automatic at performing the task, the activations
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ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™œ๋™์ด
09:59
shrink, so to speak, over time, so they become... it becomes so that you donโ€™t have to use
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์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ , ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ...
10:03
as much brain tissue to do the task as well, soย you become more efficient.
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๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Eve was testing children who already haveย 
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Eve๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
10:13
language proficiency โ€“ the skill and ability to do something,
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์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฆ‰ ์–ธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ 
10:16
such as speak a language.
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์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Her surprising discovery was that the languageย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ
10:21
regions of these childrenโ€™s brains were shrinking
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์€ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ 
10:24
โ€“ not because their speaking skills were getting worse,
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์ ธ์„œ๊ฐ€
10:27
but the opposite; as they learned and repeated language patterns, their brain
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์–ด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‡Œ
10:31
tissue became more efficient โ€“ worked quicker and more effectively.
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์กฐ์ง์ด ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Itโ€™s suggested that this increased efficiency is a result of exposure
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ
10:39
to different languages.
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๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
So, that proves it, Neil: speaking many languages
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil: ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด
10:44
is good for the head, heart, mind and soul!
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๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ์Œ, ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ˜ผ์— ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:48
You took the words right out of my mouth!
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:51
And speaking of words, what does the โ€˜glotโ€™ in polyglot actually mean?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, polyglot์˜ 'glot'์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:56
Was my answer correct?
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๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋งž์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:58
Ah, thatโ€™s right. In my quiz question,
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์•„, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
11:00
I asked you for the meaning of the word โ€˜polyglotโ€™.
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'๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
I said b) many sounds.
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
But, in fact, the correctย  answer was c) many tongues.ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ •๋‹ต์€ c) ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
You may be a polyglot, Rob, but youโ€™re not quite a polymath yet!
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Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋‹ค์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:14
OK, well, let me get my brain tissues working byย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ
11:18
recapping the vocabulary, starting with polyglot โ€“
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:21
someone who speaks many languages.
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.
11:23
The language centres in a polyglotโ€™s brain are efficient
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๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š”
11:28
โ€“ they work quickly and effectively in an organised way.
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Proficiency means the skill and ability to do something well.
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์ˆ™๋‹ฌ์ด๋ž€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
And if you identify with something, you feel you are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
11:38
similar or closely connected to it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Polyglots learn languages for the sheer enjoyment of it โ€“ a word meaning โ€˜nothing exceptโ€˜
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Polyglots๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:46
which is used to emphasise the strength of feeling.
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. ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
So speaking many languages is good for mind and soul โ€“ a personโ€™s non-physical spirit
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ˜ผ์— ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
which some believe to continue after death.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋น„๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Thatโ€™s it for this programme, but to discover more about language learning, including some useful practical tips,
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
12:04
check out The Superlinguists series from BBC World Serviceโ€™s The Documentary!
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BBC World Service์˜ The Documentary์—์„œ The Superlinguists ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
12:09
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:10
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
12:16
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Last weekend I was driving from London to Anglesey in Wales,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์›จ์ผ์Šค์˜ ์•ต๊ธ€์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด์ „์„
12:25
when I saw a road sign written in two languages. It said,
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ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
โ€˜Welcome to Walesโ€™ in English, and below that, it said โ€˜Croeso I Cymruโ€™ in Welsh.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ 'Welcome to Wales'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด๋กœ 'Croeso I Cymru'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
Yes, Welsh is spoken by many people in north Wales.
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์˜ˆ, ์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด๋Š” ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Itโ€™s the indigenous language โ€“ the language spoken by the people who
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผํ•œ
12:43
originally lived in a place, rather than by others who
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์›๋ž˜ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:47
moved there from somewhere else.
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.
12:49
Welsh is a good example of an indigenous language that has survived.
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์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Some children speak Welsh in school and the local government has
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด
12:56
encouraged its spread. But not all indigenous languages have been so lucky,
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ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:01
as we'll be finding out in this programme.
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. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Of course, languages are more than just words โ€“ they carry peopleโ€™s history,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ,
13:08
culture, and identity. So, when an indigenousย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ์ฐฉ
13:12
language disappears so too does the culture.
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Yes, the dominance of international languages,
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์˜ˆ, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์šฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€
13:19
including English, has endangered other less-spoken languages.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
So,ย hereโ€™s my quiz question, Sam. Did you know that nearly 7,000 different
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์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 7,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:27
languages are spoken around the world? But how many of them are indigenous?
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? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:32
Is it: a) 3,000?
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a) 3,000?
13:34
b) 4,000? or c) 5,000?
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b) 4,000? ๋˜๋Š” c) 5,000?
13:37
Hmmm, Iโ€™ll say b) 4,000 languages.
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์Œ, b) 4,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Ok, Sam, weโ€™ll find out the answerย  at the end of the programme.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜ . ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
One indigenous language speaker is Mshkogaabwid Kwe. Sheโ€™s from Canada,
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ํ•œ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” Mshkogaabwid Kwe์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค,
13:51
or โ€˜Turtle Islandโ€™ as itโ€™sย  called by her tribe. She grewย 
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” 'Turtle Island' ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์—์•ผ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด
13:54
up speaking English instead of herย  native language, Anishinaabemowin,ย ย 
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์ธ Anishinaabemowin ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:59
which she only learned later, as an adult.
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.
14:03
Listen to Mshkogaabwid speaking with BBC World Service programme,
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Mshkogaabwid๊ฐ€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
14:06
The Conversation, about how she felt learning Anishinaabemowin
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The Conversation์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— Anishinaabemowin์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
14:10
later in life.
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.
14:13
When I realised that the sounds that were coming out of my mouth were the same soundsย 
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๋‚ด ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ
14:17
that had come out of my ancestorsโ€™ mouths thousands
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๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์กฐ์ƒ์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
14:20
of years ago, I felt a deep sense of who I was and what it means to be
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, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฒ ๋ชจ๋ฒก์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ๊นŠ์ด
14:26
Anishinaabemowbec and it made me realise that my dream of learning this
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด
14:30
language and passing it on to my children was now accessible,
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด ์•„์ด๋“ค
14:34
was now reachable, attainable. And, you know,ย after a couple of months, I was
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์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ด ์ด์ œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„, ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹ ์ž”์น˜์—์„œ
14:39
able to understand one full prayer that was said at a ceremony feast and
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๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
14:44
the glee in me and the feeling of joy at being able to understand something
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์ œ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜ํฌ์™€ ์ œ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ
14:50
in my own language,
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14:52
it was the most profound sense of confidence.
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ.
14:57
Learning to speak the language of her ancestors
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์กฐ์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:00
gave Mshkogaabwid glee โ€“ a feeling of happiness, pleasure, or excitement.
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Mshkogaabwid์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์จ, ์ฆ‰ ํ–‰๋ณต, ๊ธฐ์จ ๋˜๋Š” ํฅ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
Although she didnโ€™t grow up speaking Anishinaabemowin she now wants
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Anishinaabemowin์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
15:10
to pass it on to her children. 'To pass something on' means
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋‹ค'๋Š”
15:13
to give it to someone, usually in your family, who lives on after you die.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฃฝ์€ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Mshkogaabwidโ€™s decision to raise her children speaking
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Mshkogaabwid
15:21
Anishinaabemowin turned out to be the right one, as she explained to BBC
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๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Conversation์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด Anishinaabemowin์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:26
World Service programme, The Conversation.
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.
15:30
There are lots of bumps in the road but itโ€™s going very well.
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์šฐ์—ฌ๊ณก์ ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
My daughter is turning four and she completely understands the language.
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๋‚ด ๋”ธ์€ 4์‚ด์ด๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Being put back into day care, which sheโ€™s only been there maybe a month,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋œ ํƒ์•„์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜
15:43
has really influenced her Englishโ€ฆ so I notice sheโ€™s speaking a lot of English
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์˜์–ด์— ์ •๋ง ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
15:49
and so that was a little bit roughย  for the family, being an immersion home
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์•Œ์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์น ์—ˆ
15:53
where we only speak Anishinaabemowin when in the home,
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ Anishinaabemowin์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:55
for there to be so much English, and only recently, over the last week and a half,
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์•ผ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜
16:00
have we really noticed her switch and her shift back into using the language.
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๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
Bringing up her children to speak her indigenousย 
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์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์–‘์œกํ•˜๋Š”
16:07
language wasnโ€™t easy and Mshkogaabwid said
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๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ Mshkogaabwid๋Š”
16:10
there were some bumps in the road - small problems or delays that slowed
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€
16:14
down orย stopped things from developing.
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๋Š๋ ค์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
To help, her family spoke only Anishinaabemowin at home,
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๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
16:20
using a technique called immersion - the process of learning a language or
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๋ชฐ์ž…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์—์„œ Anishinaabemowin๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:25
skill by using only that and nothing else.
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.
16:29
This meant that Mshkogaabwidโ€™s children spoke both English -
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Mshkogaabwid์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์—์„œ Anishinaabemowin์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:33
at school - and Anishinaabemowin - at home. She noticed how they changed
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
16:37
between languages when speaking, something known as code-switching.
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๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Mshkogaabwid believes this not only helps her
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Mshkogaabwid๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
16:44
childrenโ€™s development but also gives them a sense of
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์ž๋…€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
16:48
family history, as well as preserving her traditional culture...
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์ „ํ†ต ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ฆ
16:53
โ€ฆa culture she hopes they will pass on to their children in turn.
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16:57
So while indigenous cultures are threatened by big global languages,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ์ฐฉ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
17:01
thereโ€™s still hope that many will survive into the future. Which remindsย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
me of your quiz question,ย  Neil. Was my answer, right?
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”, Neil. ์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋งž์ฃ ?
17:10
Ah yes, I asked Sam how many of the 7,000 languages
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์•„, ๋„ค, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 7,000๊ฐœ ์–ธ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ Sam์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:13
spoken around the world are indigenous.
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.
17:15
And I thought it was b) 4,000 languages.
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b) 4,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
Which was the correct answer! And whatโ€™sย 
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:22
amazing is that although indigenous peoples make up under
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ
17:25
6% of the global population, they speak more than 4,000
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์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 6% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4,000๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
17:29
of the world's languages.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
OK, Neil, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary from thisย 
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์ข‹์•„, ๋‹
17:34
programme on indigenous languages โ€“
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. ํ† ์ฐฉ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์˜จ
17:36
languages spoken by the people who originally lived in a place
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:40
ratherย than others who came later.
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.
17:43
'Glee' is a feeling of happiness or excitement.
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Glee'๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์ด๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
If you 'pass something on', you give it to someone,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 'pass something on'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
17:50
usually in your family, who lives on after you.
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๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
'A bump in the road' is a small problem or delay that slows things down.
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'A bump in the road'๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
'Immersion' is the process of learning something, like a language or a skill,
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'๋ชฐ์ž…'์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
by using only that and nothing else
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18:06
And finally, code-switching is the ability to change between two or more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ฐ„์— ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ
18:10
languages when speaking.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
Thatโ€™s all from us.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:14
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
18:20
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
In this programme, weโ€™ll be unlocking the secrets of the ancient Egyptians, pyramidย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ, ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ
18:31
builders and the inventors of hieroglyphs โ€“ a writing system which uses pictures andย 
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๊ฑด์„ค์ž, ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž( ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ
18:36
symbols to represent words.
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๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ) ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
The meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphs remained a mystery
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
18:41
until 1799 when Napoleonโ€™s soldiers unearthed a dark, damaged rock
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1799๋…„ ๋‚˜ํด๋ ˆ์˜น์˜ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋งˆ์„ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์†์ƒ๋œ ์•”์„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:48
in the Egyptian coastal town of Rosetta.
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18:51
On the broken granite stone three scripts were faintly carved: Greek at the bottom,
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๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ํ™”๊ฐ•์•” ๋Œ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค
18:56
Demotic in the middle and Hieroglyphs at the top.
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๋ฌธ์ž, ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ๋ฌธ์ž, ์ƒ๋‹จ์—๋Š” ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
Today, the Rosetta Stone is perhaps the most famous museum object in the world.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  Rosetta Stone์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
But whatโ€™s actually written on it is quite dull! In fact, the Rosetta Stone
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์‚ฌ์‹ค Rosetta Stone
19:11
contains a tax break! It describes an agreement exempting priests from paying
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์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ํ˜œํƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์™•์—๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:16
taxes to the King.
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19:18
Ah, the famous Egyptian pharaohs!
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์•„, ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํŒŒ๋ผ์˜ค!
19:21
Exactly - but which one, Sam? Letโ€™s test your ancient Egyptian knowledge
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ - ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด์•ผ, ์ƒ˜? ์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
19:26
with this quiz question: the writing on the Rosetta Stone is a tax agreement
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. ๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์Šคํ†ค์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ธ€
19:31
between the priests and which Egyptian pharaoh? Is it:
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์€ ์‚ฌ์ œ์™€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํŒŒ๋ผ์˜ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:34
a) Cleopatra, b) Ptolemy or c) Ramesses?
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a) ํด๋ ˆ์˜คํŒŒํŠธ๋ผ, b) ํ”„ํ†จ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋žŒ์„ธ์Šค์ธ๊ฐ€?
19:40
Iโ€™ll guess a) Cleopatra.
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์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค a) ํด๋ ˆ์˜ค ํŒŒํŠธ๋ผ.
19:42
OK, Sam, Iโ€™ll reveal the answer to that mystery later on.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ• ๊ฒŒ.
19:45
Before the discovery of the Stone, no scholar had been able to understand
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๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ•™์ž๋„
19:50
the strange symbols carved on the great pyramids.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
Egyptologist, Richard Parker, was in charge of the Rosetta Stone exhibition
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธํ•™์ž ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ปค
19:58
at the British Museum for twenty years.
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๋Š” ๋Œ€์˜๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์Šคํ†ค ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์กŒ๋‹ค.
20:01
Here he is, telling BBC Radio 4 programme, In Our Time,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ In Our Time
20:07
about circumstances before the discovery of the Stone:
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์—์„œ ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
People were exploring all sorts of means of trying to decipher,
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20:15
including trying to link the script with Chinese to see if that offered a
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20:20
parallel. It was known from the classical authors that the Egyptian script contained great,
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. ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฌธ์ž์—๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ์ง„์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ
20:25
mysterious pearls of wisdom from the Egyptian philosophers
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20:29
and people had hugely high expectations and all attempts to
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์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
20:33
decipher, to get a grip on the script,ย I think, had really failed.
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
Before the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, no-one had managed to
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์„์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:42
decipher hieroglyphs โ€“ to work out the meaning of writing
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20:45
which is difficult to read.
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. ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
Experts hoped that the Egyptian script contained great pearls of wisdom -
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฌธ์ž์— ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ฒฉ์–ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ์ง„์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:52
wise words, sayings or advice.
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.
20:56
As we know, the actual meaning of the text
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
20:58
turned out to be quite dull. But it was the fact that the messages
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๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
21:03
were written in three scripts, including Greek - a language scholars
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์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
21:07
already knew - that provided the key to finally crack the code.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
In 1801, the race was on between Egyptologistsย 
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1801
21:16
in Britain and France to be the first to translate
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๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด
21:19
the entire system of hieroglyphs.
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์— ์ „์ฒด ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:22
In the end, it was a young Frenchman named Jean-Franรงois Champollion
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์žฅ ํ”„๋ž‘์ˆ˜์•„ ์ƒนํด๋ฆฌ์˜น(Jean-Franรงois Champollion)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ธ
21:26
who became the first person to understand hieroglyphs since
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์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ 2์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:30
the ancient Egyptians themselves, nearly two thousand years earlier.
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.
21:34
Hereโ€™s Penelope Wilson, Professor of Egyptian Archaeology at Durham
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Durham University์˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Penelope Wilson
21:38
University, explaining more about this remarkable young Frenchman
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21:43
to BBC Radio 4โ€™s, In Our Time:
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์€ BBC Radio 4์˜ In Our Time
21:47
He was certainly a prodigy, I think as far as language is concerned, but also had aย 
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์—์„œ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ Š์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
fascination for Egypt I think, and the story is he was taught Coptic by a Coptic priest,ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝฅํŠธ๊ต ์‚ฌ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝฅํŠธ์–ด๋ฅผ
21:55
and at that lecture was one of the first to argue that Coptic
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๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์ฝฅํŠธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:59
was related to ancient Egyptian.
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.
22:01
So, he was also encouraged in this by his older brother,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค
22:04
so, I think there was soon to be no holding him back, once he got the bug
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๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—
22:09
he was encouraged and he made great strides.
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๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํฐ ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๋””๋Ž ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
When Penelope Wilson calls Champollion a prodigy,
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Penelope Wilson์ด Champollion์„ ์‹ ๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
22:15
she means someone young with a great natural talent for something,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
22:18
in this case, studying languages.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:21
Added to his natural abilityย was a fascination with Egypt
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๊ทธ์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ
22:25
and the encouragement of his brother, so Champollion soon got the bug โ€“
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๊ณผ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋”ํ•ด์ ธ Champollion์€ ๊ณง ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
22:31
suddenly developed a strong enthusiasm for something.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
In English, we often addย a noun to describe exactly what someone is
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:39
enthusiastic about โ€“ so, for example, the skiing bug, for someone
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ skiing bug
22:44
who loves to ski.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
Champollion was so enthusiastic, there was no holding him back โ€“
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Champollion์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์„ฑ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„
22:49
an idiom to say that you are doing something so eagerly, you cannot
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์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ
22:54
be stopped.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
The story goes that he worked so hard deciphering hieroglyphs, when he
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
23:00
finally finished, he ran through the streets of Paris shouting,
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23:03
โ€œIโ€™ve done it!โ€, before collapsing unconscious.
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๋๋‚ด "ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด!
23:06
Rob, earlier you asked me which pharaoh ordered the Stone to be written.
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๋กญ, ์ „์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŒŒ๋ผ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์„ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:12
Yes. And what did you say?
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์˜ˆ. ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
23:14
I thought it was Cleopatra. Was I right?
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ํด๋ ˆ์˜คํŒŒํŠธ๋ผ์ธ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
23:16
Well, Cleopatra was from the same dynasty but a little later
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์Œ, ํด๋ ˆ์˜คํŒŒํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์™•์กฐ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
23:21
than the correct answer, which was b) Ptolemy,
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์ •๋‹ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. b)
23:25
the pharaoh who ruled from around 300 BCE.
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 300๋…„๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ต์น˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ์˜ค์ธ ํ”„ํ†จ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ด์˜ค์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:29
OK. Letโ€™s recap the vocabulary weโ€™ve learned,ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
starting with hieroglyphs - symbols used represents words in ancient Egypt.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:39
The challenge was to decipher them โ€“ to uncover the meaning of
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๋„์ „์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ , ์ฆ‰
23:43
writing which is difficult to read or understand.
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์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:46
Maybe they contained 'pearls of wisdom' - wise words, sayings or advice.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ์ง„์ฃผ', ์ฆ‰ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ง, ๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:52
The hieroglyphic code was finally cracked by Jean-Franรงois Champollion โ€“ 'a prodigy'ย 
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์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ ํ”„๋ž‘์ˆ˜์•„ ์ƒนํด๋ฆฌ์˜น(Jean-Franรงois Champollion), ์ฆ‰ '์‹ ๋™'
23:58
or young person with a great natural talent.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ Š์€์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํ•ด๋…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
When Champollion got the bug, or suddenly became very enthusiastic about understandingย 
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Champollion์ด ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
24:06
hieroglyphs, there was no holding him back โ€“ nothing could stop him from succeeding.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
And nothing can stop us from saying goodbye, because our six minutes are up!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
24:17
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
24:24
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Sam.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
And Iโ€™m Neil. How are you today, Sam?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ด๋•Œ, ์ƒ˜?
24:30
Thanks for asking Neil, Iโ€™m fineโ€ฆ not!
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๋‹์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์ค˜์„œ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, ๋‚œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„... ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ!
24:34
Sorry, so are you fine? Or notโ€ฆ?
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์ฃ„์†กํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์„ธ์š”? ์•„๋‹˜...?
24:37
Oh, did I confuse you? My bad!
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์˜ค, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ด ์ž˜๋ชป์ด์•ผ!
24:40
Sam is speaking English, just a very modern type of English, for example saying โ€˜my badโ€™,ย 
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Sam์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ 'my fault' ๋Œ€์‹  'my bad'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜์–ด์ธ ์˜์–ด
24:45
instead of โ€˜my faultโ€™ as a way of accepting that sheโ€™s wrong.
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๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:48
Or adding โ€˜notโ€™ at the end of a sentence to show I really mean the opposite of whatย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:53
I said. Both are examples of small changes in English which have happened naturallyย 
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. ๋‘˜
24:58
over the last decade or two.
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๋‹ค ์ง€๋‚œ 10~20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
Changes like these happen because, unlike say, Latin, which no-one speaksย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
25:04
day-to-day, English is a living language โ€“ a language people speak and use in theirย 
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์ด ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ
25:10
ordinary lives.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
New bits of English are invented as peopleย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
25:13
use the language in new ways, but what happens when a language comes fromย 
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€
25:17
an entirely different galaxy โ€“ somewhere like Qoโ€™noS, home planet of the Klingons?
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ํด๋ง์˜จ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ธ Qo'noS์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
25:24
Yes, when sci-fi TV show, Star Trek, introduced alien characters called Klingons,ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ TV ์‡ผ์ธ Star Trek์—์„œ ํด๋ง์˜จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์„
25:29
the makers needed to invent a whole new language - Klingon.
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๋•Œ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด์ธ ํด๋ง์˜จ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:33
Entirely made-up and unrelated to any human language, Klingon has developedย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” Klingon์€
25:38
a life of its own. Today you can even study it at university. So, Neil, my quiz questionย 
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Neil, ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
25:45
is this: in 2010, Klingon became the first invented language to do what? Is it:ย 
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์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2010๋…„์— Klingon์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:52
a) have its own dictionary?, b) have an opera written? or
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a) ์ž์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? b) ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋˜๋Š”
25:57
c) be recognised as an official language by the United Nations?
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c) UN์—์„œ ๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ธ์ • ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:01
Hmmm, every language needs vocabulary,ย 
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์Œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์—๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:04
so Iโ€™ll say a) Klingon was the first invented language to have its own dictionary.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ a) ํด๋ง์˜จ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:09
OK, Neil, Iโ€™ll reveal the answer later in theย 
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๋„ค, ๋‹, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:11
programme. Klingon isnโ€™t the only made-up language invented for the movies. Davidย 
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. ํด๋ง์˜จ์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. David
26:16
Peterson is the creator of Dothraki, a language used in the fantasy TV show, Game of Thrones.
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Peterson์€ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ TV ์‡ผ Game of Thrones์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ธ Dothraki์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:22
From his home in Los Angeles, David spoke toย 
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David๋Š” ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ
26:25
Michael Rosen, presenter of BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth. They discussedย 
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BBC Radio 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Word of Mouth์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ธ Michael Rosen๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 12์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
26:30
Saint Hildegard who created the very first made-up language in the 12th century:
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  Saint Hildegard์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:35
What she had was an entire list of nouns, a whole list of nouns โ€“ many of them godly,ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜
26:40
many of them not, and she would drop them into songs using Latin grammar and otherย 
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๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜
26:46
Latin words, so itโ€™s not a language proper in the way that we understand it now, becauseย 
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
really when we talk about a language itโ€™s not just the vocabulary, itโ€™s the grammar โ€“ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
nevertheless we still kind of look on her as the patron saint of modern conlanging.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€ conlanging์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ.
27:03
Saint Hildegard invented new nouns but used Latin grammar, so David doesnโ€™t thinkย 
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Saint Hildegard๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— David๋Š”
27:08
her invention is a proper language.ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
Nevertheless, Saint Hildegard is considered the patron saint of made-up languages.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  Saint Hildegard ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:15
'The patron saint' of something refers to a Christian saint who is believed to giveย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ '์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ ์„ฑ์ธ'์€
27:19
special help to a particular activity. Here, the activity is inventing a conlang, short forย 
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ํŠน์ • ํ™œ๋™์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์„ฑ์ธ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ™œ๋™์€
27:25
constructed language โ€“ artificially invented languages, like Klingon and Dothraki.
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๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด( Klingon ๋ฐ Dothraki์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์–ธ์–ด)์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ธ conlang์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:30
Another famous constructed language,ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์–ธ์–ด์ธ
27:33
Esperanto, was invented in 1887 by Polish doctor, Ludwik Zamenhof. He wanted to makeย 
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์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋Š” ํด๋ž€๋“œ ์˜์‚ฌ Ludwik Zamenhof๊ฐ€ 1887๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š”
27:40
it easier for people who spoke different languages to communicate with each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:44
Listen as David Peterson speaks Esperanto with Michael Rosen and tests how much heย 
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David Peterson ์ด Michael Rosen๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
27:49
understands for BBC Radio 4 programme, Word of Mouth:
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
27:53
You are an English speaker from Western Europe, and in the 19th Century โ€˜universalโ€™ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ด๋ฉฐ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— '๋ณดํŽธ์ '
28:00
meant โ€˜able to be understood by people from Western Europeโ€™.ย 
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์€ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ'.
28:05
And so, for example to say, โ€˜I speak Esperantoโ€™, โ€˜mi parolas Esperantonโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋‚˜๋Š” ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค', '๋ฏธ ํŒŒ๋กค๋ผ์Šค ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ†ค'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:11
Yes, I might have got that one โ€“ the โ€˜parleโ€™ bitย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์–ด๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ 'parle' ๋น„ํŠธ
28:14
from its Latin root, and โ€˜meโ€™, obviously. Try me again.
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์™€ 'me'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
28:17
Kiel vi fartas?
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Kiel vi fartas?
28:19
Who is my father? No, โ€˜Where am I travellingโ€™? Er, no, I got stuck on that one!
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๋‚ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ, '๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€'? ์–ด, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์–ด!
28:25
Like Spanish, Italian and other modern European languages, Esperanto is based onย 
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์–ด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋Š”
28:30
Latin. Michael guessed the meaning of the Esperanto word
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Michael์€ ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ†  ๋‹จ์–ด
28:34
โ€˜parolasโ€™ from its Latin root โ€“ the origin or source of a language.
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'parolas'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์–ด๊ทผ( ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์› ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ์›)์—์„œ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:39
But the second sentence of Esperanto isnโ€™tย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
28:42
so easy. Michael gets stuck on that one โ€“ he canโ€™t answer because itโ€™s too difficult.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Michael์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:47
I think Iโ€™d probably get stuck on that as well. But at least Esperanto was inventedย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๊ฐ‡ํž ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋Š”
28:51
for humans, not alien creatures from outer space!
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:54
And speaking of creatures from outer space, did I get the right answer
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
28:57
to your quiz question, Sam?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งž์ท„๋‚˜์š”, ์ƒ˜?
28:59
So, I asked Neil about an unusual first achieved by the made-up alien language, Klingon.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” Neil์—๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์–ธ์–ด์ธ Klingon์ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:06
I guessed it was the first invented language to have its own dictionary.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:10
Which wasโ€ฆ the wrong answer, Iโ€™m afraid, Neil. Incredibly, the correct answer was b) - in 2010ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ... ์˜ค๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ๊ตฐ์š”, ๋‹. ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ •๋‹ต์€ b)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -
29:16
a company of Dutch musicians and singers performed the first ever Klingon opera! Theย 
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2010๋…„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํด๋ง์˜จ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ
29:22
story must have been hard to follow but Iโ€™m sure the singing was out of this world!
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์„ ํ…๋ฐ, ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—†๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”!
29:27
MajQa! Thatโ€™s Klingon for โ€˜greatโ€™, apparently. OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary from our discussion aboutย 
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๋งˆ์ฆˆ์นด! ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ '์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ'์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” Klingon์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ conlang์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:33
invented languages, also called constructed languages, or conlangs for short.
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.
29:38
A 'living language', like English, is a language that people still speak and use in theirย 
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์˜์–ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ '์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด' ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:42
ordinary lives.
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.
29:44
The phrase 'my bad' originated in the United States but is also used in Britain as anย 
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'my bad'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„
29:49
informal way to say โ€˜my faultโ€™ or to tell someone that youโ€™ve made a mistake.
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'๋‚ด ์ž˜๋ชป'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:54
A 'patron saint' is someone believed to giveย 
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'์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ธ'์€ ํŠน์ • ํ™œ๋™์—
29:57
special help and protectionย  to a particular activity.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋„์›€๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
The 'root' of a language means its origin or source.
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์–ธ์–ด์˜ '๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ'๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์› ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ์›์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:03
And finally, if you 'get stuck on something', youโ€™re unable to complete it because itโ€™sย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋ฉด ' ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:08
too difficult.
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.
30:09
Thatโ€™s all the time we have for this programme about invented languages.ย 
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๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:12
โ€˜Gis revido baldauโ€™- thatโ€™s Esperanto for โ€˜see you again soonโ€™.
464
1812640
4860
Gis revido baldau'๋Š” ์—์ŠคํŽ˜๋ž€ํ† ๋กœ '๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:17
In other words, โ€˜Qaplaโ€™, which is how Klingons say โ€˜goodbyeโ€™, I think. Qapla!
465
1817500
4956
์ฆ‰, ํด๋ง์˜จ๋“ค์ด '์•ˆ๋…•'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” 'Qapla'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํ”Œ๋ผ!
30:22
Qapla!
466
1822456
1544
์นดํ”Œ๋ผ!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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