World Space Week: Who owns space?

14,970 views ใƒป 2021-10-05

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
First countries, now companies, are trying to get into space,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
00:04
but can they keep what they find up there?
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:07
As more people aim for the stars,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ„์„ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
00:09
we'll show you how the law is ahead of them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํด๋กœ 11ํ˜ธ ์นด์šดํŠธ๋‹ค์šด
00:12
We've passed the six-minute mark in our countdown for Apollo 11.
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์—์„œ 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Could any country ever take over another planet?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์ ๋ นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:20
In general, the international space law works...
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
00:25
works in a manner where if...
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๋งŒ์•ฝ...
00:29
if you keep somebody else out,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ
00:31
then the other person would probably keep you out as well.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Ignition sequence starts.
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์ ํ™” ์‹œํ€€์Šค๊ฐ€ โ€‹โ€‹์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
And the new space race is on...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
00:40
but what can companies actually own from space?
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๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:52
When America landed the first man on the moon,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ
00:55
why didn't he just say it was US property?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:58
That's one small step for man...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
01:00
If Russia became the first state to send someone to Mars,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:04
what would stop them from owning it?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:06
One thing โ€“ the Outer Space Treaty โ€“
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ โ€“ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์กฐ์•ฝ โ€“ 100๊ฐœ
01:09
signed by more than a hundred countries.
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์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:12
It says no country can claim any part of outer space:
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
space belongs to every nation.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
But in 2020, eight countries signed the Artemis Accords.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2020๋…„์—๋Š” 8๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋ฅดํ…Œ๋ฏธ์Šค ํ˜‘์ •์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
They're an agreement between governments
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€
01:27
who are taking part in the Artemis programme,
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01:30
an American-led effort to land on the moon.
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๋‹ฌ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ธ ์•„๋ฅดํ…Œ๋ฏธ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
But not everyone is happy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
China, India and even big companies are blasting off into space.
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So how does the law help decide who owns what they find up there?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:45
Commercial space lawyer, Deepika Jayakodi,
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์ƒ์—… ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ Deepika Jayakodi๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์˜
01:49
explained what the first major bit of space law โ€“ the Outer Space Treaty โ€“
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด
01:53
says about what countries can own in space.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
There's one article which says that the Moon
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๋‹ฌ
01:59
and the celestial bodies in outer space
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๊ณผ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋Š”
02:01
are free for exploration and use,
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:04
and then there's another article that says that
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02:06
no country can stake a claim in space:
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
02:08
you cannot appropriate a portion of space.
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์ „์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:12
So, although you can use things โ€“
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:15
the structures that you build on the Moon or a celestial body โ€“
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๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์ฒด์— ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ
02:19
you cannot really claim to own the territory in which you put this.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:24
The Outer Space Treaty says that,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€
02:26
while you can use things you find in space,
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๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:28
you can't actually claim somewhere as your territory
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ† ๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅ
02:31
and stop other countries from using it too.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
What does this mean if a country wants to build a Moon base?
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
02:38
A country can set up a base on the Moon
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜
02:41
and you can use the materials that are available on the Moon
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:45
to build this base: you could use the Moon rocks,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ ์•”์„,
02:49
you could use the Moon dust and so on.
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๋‹ฌ ๋จผ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So, you own the resources as soon as they are extracted from the Moon.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ž์›์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:58
But you don't own the territory from which you extract these resources.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:02
Countries can set up bases on the Moon,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜
03:05
but still wouldn't own the part of the Moon they're on.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
They can use the things they find up there, such as water or rocks.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
So, could you keep another country out of your base?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:16
In general, the international space law works...
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
03:22
works in a manner where if...
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๋งŒ์•ฝ...
03:25
if you keep somebody else out,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ
03:28
then the other person would probably keep you out as well.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
So, you would rather build a base
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
03:34
and ensure that it is accessible to others
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜
03:38
as long as they provide you access to their site or base as well.
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์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Space laws require cooperation
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์€
03:47
between the countries and organisations involved.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
If you keep people off your base, they'd do the same to you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Deepika explained why there's a disagreement over the Artemis Accords.
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Deepika๋Š” Artemis Accords์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
These principles reflect already the principles in the Outer Space Treaty
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์น™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์กฐ์•ฝ์˜ ์›์น™์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:05
and the concern of some countries and scholars
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ•™์ž์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š”
04:08
is that these principles reflect a US position
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์น™์ด
04:13
or a US interpretation of space laws.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
In... space law is an international law
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In...space ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•
04:23
and it is important that it takes into account
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ
04:26
the different perspectives coming in from different parts of the world.
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๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:31
The US came up with these new rules with a number of other countries.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:36
Some experts worry the Artemis Accords
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฅดํ…Œ๋ฏธ์Šค ํ˜‘์ •์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
04:39
might just reflect a US point of view,
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04:42
rather than working with the whole world.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:45
So, while countries can use what they find in space,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
it's harder to say they own a planet or a moon.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
But what if we're not just talking about countries?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:56
When the space race started last century,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
04:59
it was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
But now a new contest is under way,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์€ ๋‘ ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:08
this time between two billionaires
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05:11
who made their fortunes on the internet.
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.
05:14
Amazon's Jeff Bezos and Tesla's Elon Musk
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Amazon์˜ Jeff Bezos ์™€ Tesla์˜ Elon Musk๋Š”
05:17
don't simply want us to get back into space,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:19
they want us to stay there โ€“ with talks of cities on Mars...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
So, how will the law cover corporations
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05:28
who are exploring beyond our planet?
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05:31
Dr Thomas Cheney, from the Open University,
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Open University์˜ Thomas Cheney ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
05:34
explains how the law covers what private companies can own.
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๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It's a very grey area
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:40
within the international space law system,
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๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:45
but property law is based on the country that you are from,
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์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ถœ์‹  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
05:50
or that you are interested in,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:53
and it follows you into outer space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So, you know, you have to get permission from your government
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:00
to even go into outer space and you...
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...
06:03
because you are operating in a spaceship,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:06
then the laws of your country apply in that spaceship.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And so it follows you, as you go into outer space.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Current space law isn't actually very clear
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์€
06:15
as to what a company can own in space,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ
06:17
so we sometimes use property law from our own countries.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:21
Is this changing?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:23
Yes, space law is developing and it is something โ€“
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๋„ค, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
countries are actively trying to change laws,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
particularly around ownership,
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.
06:35
because they feel that being able to own things like space resources
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:40
is vital for the economic development of outer space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
And so they are saying that if you're a company
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ
06:48
and you do the work to extract a resource from outer space,
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์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ž์›์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:52
then they will recognise that you have property rights over that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Countries are developing laws
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:58
over what their private companies can own in space.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
This helps the countries to grow
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
by using the huge amount of resources that are up there.
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. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:07
How would you decide who owns something if there's a disagreement?
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์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:12
So, under the current rules,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ
07:14
the best way to do that is to sue someone in a court โ€“
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๊ณ ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
or the only way to do that is to sue someone in a court,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ•์›์— ๊ณ ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
but that's a time-consuming and expensive process,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:25
so we want to avoid that if possible.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:27
But that requires some rules and guidelines
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ •์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ง€์นจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:31
to more amicably or peacefully resolve these conflicts,
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07:37
without having to go to court.
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. ์šฐ์ฃผ
07:39
Any disputes over ownership in space would be settled in court,
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์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:44
but it is time-consuming and expensive.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ
07:47
As we go into new territories in space, how do we design new laws?
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์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:53
That's... that's absolutely one of the biggest challenges.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด... ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋„์ „ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
We can look at some other regimes, other systems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘๋ฒ• ํ˜‘์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒด์ œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:00
like the Law of the Sea Convention,
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08:03
because that environment is somewhat similar to outer space.
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๊ทธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
But the main way of doing it is we start with voluntary processes,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
So, we... we get together with the industry actors
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:17
who are thinking about doing these activities
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08:19
and we, kind of, come up with some guidelines
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๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋ช‡
08:21
or some... and some basic principles for how to behave,
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๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋‚˜... ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:25
and over time this will evolve into a legal framework.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
It's a huge challenge, but we would use similar laws,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„์ „์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:34
like those covering the sea, to create space laws.
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08:38
These will change over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
We've seen that the law makes sure one country or organisation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ์„
08:46
can't claim they own a planet or a moon,
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์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก
08:49
but they are allowed to use what they find in space.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And, as private companies start to head into orbit,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:56
the law will be with them, changing
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๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
08:59
to keep space free for everyone.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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