When states don't behave - BBC Learning English

23,445 views ・ 2021-10-22

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Can governments be forced to take the tough steps
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μ •λΆ€κ°€
00:03
needed to save the environment?
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ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ νž˜λ“  쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ°•μš”λ°›μ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:06
This episode will show you how
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이 μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œλŠ”
00:08
even lawmakers aren't bigger than the law.
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κ΅­νšŒμ˜μ›λ„ 법보닀 크지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 보여쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
What happens when a country breaks an agreement over the environment?
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν™˜κ²½μ— κ΄€ν•œ ν˜‘μ•½μ„ μ–΄κΈ°λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:17
Can the law help?
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법이 도움이 λ κΉŒμš”?
00:19
And the important case that could change the way
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그리고 μ „ 세계 μ •λΆ€μ˜ 행동 방식을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사건
00:22
governments behave around the world...
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...
00:30
But first, international laws
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜
00:33
are based on agreements between countries,
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ν•©μ˜λ₯Ό 기반으둜
00:37
but what happens when an influential country doesn't agree?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” κ΅­κ°€κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
00:43
The Amazon rainforest, in Brazil:
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브라질의 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄ μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Ό:
00:46
the millions of trees maintain the atmosphere
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수백만 그루의 λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ μ „ 세계 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ λŒ€κΈ°λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:49
for all of us, all around the world.
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.
00:52
But Jair Bolsonaro, elected president of Brazil in 2018,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 2018λ…„ 브라질 λŒ€ν†΅λ ΉμœΌλ‘œ μ„ μΆœλœ 자이λ₯΄ λ³΄μš°μ†Œλ‚˜λ£¨λŠ”
00:57
had a different view.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 견해λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
His government has put the needs of the economy ahead.
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그의 μ •λΆ€λŠ” 경제의 ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μš°μ„ μ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
While he's been in power, much more of the forest has been cut down.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ§‘κΆŒν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€ 숲이 벌λͺ©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
So, what can the international community do?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ΅­μ œμ‚¬νšŒλŠ” 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
01:12
A similar story in North America:
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λΆλ―Έμ—μ„œλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 이야기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
2017 and Donald Trump announces
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2017λ…„ λ„λ„λ“œ νŠΈλŸΌν”„λŠ”
01:17
the US was leaving the Paris Agreement,
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미ꡭ이
01:21
an agreement by 191 countries to cut their emissions.
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λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ„ μ€„μ΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν•œ 191개ꡭ의 파리 ν˜‘μ •μ—μ„œ νƒˆν‡΄ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
America rejoined the agreement after Joe Biden became president.
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미ꡭ은 Joe Biden이 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 된 ν›„ ν•©μ˜μ— λ‹€μ‹œ ν•©λ₯˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
However, when countries break agreements like this,
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그런데 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν˜‘μ •μ„ 어겼을 λ•Œ
01:35
what can international law do?
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
01:39
What power does something like the Paris Agreement
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파리 ν˜‘μ •κ³Ό 같은 것이
01:42
have to protect our world?
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우리 세계λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ νž˜μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:45
What happens if a country breaks it?
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 그것을 κΉ¨λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
01:49
Lydia Omuko-Jung, from the Climate Change Litigation Initiative
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” μ†Œμ†‘ μ΄λ‹ˆμ…”ν‹°λΈŒ(Climate Change Litigation Initiative)
01:53
and the University of Graz, explained:
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와 그라츠 λŒ€ν•™κ΅(University of Graz)의 Lydia Omuko-Jung은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
So, the Paris Agreement takes a soft law approach
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01:59
to its compliance mechanism, so countries will not be punished,
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02:04
or they will not be some sanctions for not being able to comply
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02:09
with the binding obligations of the Paris Agreement.
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파리 ν˜‘μ •μ˜ ꡬ속λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” 의무λ₯Ό μ€€μˆ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
So, what happens is that where parties cannot comply,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžκ°€ μ€€μˆ˜ν•  수 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜
02:15
or where parties have not complied, then it's more of a discussion –
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μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 경우 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 일은 토둠에 κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
a dialogue: in the compliance committee, it's a dialogue
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λŒ€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€€μˆ˜ μœ„μ›νšŒμ—μ„œλŠ”
02:24
where they discuss why have... hasn't the country been able to comply
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ™œ... μ€€μˆ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
02:29
and how can they comply, and then recommendations are made
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, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ€€μˆ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€, 그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ꢌμž₯ 사항이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:33
based on these discussions.
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.
02:35
The Paris Agreement follows a soft law approach.
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파리 ν˜‘μ •μ€ 연성법 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Countries aren't punished for breaking it;
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ–΄κΈ΄ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ²˜λ²Œλ°›μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
instead, discussions happen about how to fix the problem.
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λŒ€μ‹  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ 토둠이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
So, could international law stop something
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄
02:50
like the Brazilian rainforests being cut down?
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브라질 μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Όμ΄ 벌λͺ©λ˜λŠ” 것을 막을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:54
Brazil has a right to explore their resources,
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λΈŒλΌμ§ˆμ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μžμ›,
02:57
the national resources within their country.
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자ꡭ λ‚΄ κ΅­κ°€ μžμ›μ„ 탐색할 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
It only becomes problematic when these activities
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03:03
within their territory damage the environment of other states.
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자ꡭ μ˜ν†  λ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™œλ™μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ†μƒμ‹œν‚¬ λ•Œλ§Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
But then, in terms... in terms of cutting down forests,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚Όλ¦Ό λ²Œμ±„λΌλŠ” μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³Ό λ•Œ 초ꡭ경
03:12
we find that it's quite difficult to identify
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03:16
what you'd call transboundary environmental effects...
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적 ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 μ‹λ³„ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
yeah, some environmental effects in another country
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03:23
because of Brazil's exploitation of its own forests.
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.
03:27
So, that really is quite a challenge
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
03:30
for the international community to come in.
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ꡭ제 μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 정말 μ–΄λ €μš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Brazil can do what it wants to its own forests.
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λΈŒλΌμ§ˆμ€ 자체 μˆ²μ— μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λ§‰μœΌλ €
03:37
You would need to prove an environmental impact in another country,
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03:42
called a transboundary effect, to stop this – why?
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λ©΄ ꡭ경을 λ„˜λŠ” 효과라고 ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯을 증λͺ…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:47
Other states can only come in if there are some legally binding obligations
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
03:52
that is created by some treaty which mandates,
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03:56
for instance, states to protect forests.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 산림을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ„λ‘ λͺ…λ Ήν•˜λŠ” 일뢀 쑰약에 μ˜ν•΄ μƒμ„±λœ 법적 ꡬ속λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
As you're speaking at the moment, we do not have, like,
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μ§€κΈˆ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, μ‚°λ¦Ό λ³΄ν˜Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 의무λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
04:02
a global legally binding instrument
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 법적 ꡬ속λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” μž₯μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:05
that creates this state obligation to protect forests,
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04:09
which makes it difficult for the international community to get in.
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ꡭ제 μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ κ°œμž…ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Countries can't interfere because we don't have laws
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” κ°„μ„­ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
that create internationally protected places.
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ꡭ제적으둜 λ³΄ν˜Έλ˜λŠ” μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 법이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
She explained why she thought the Paris Agreement
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 파리 ν˜‘μ •μ΄
04:24
wasn't good enough to protect Brazil's forests.
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브라질의 μˆ²μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
If you look at the Paris Agreement,
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파리 ν˜‘μ •μ„ 보면 μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
04:30
it recognises the importance of forests
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숲의 μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 인정
04:33
in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions,
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04:35
but it just provides that parties should take action
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄
04:39
to conserve and enhance forests.
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μˆ²μ„ λ³΄μ „ν•˜κ³  κ°•ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ·œμ •ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
So, what we see from this kind of drafting,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ΄ˆμ•ˆ
04:44
or from this kind of provision, is that it doesn't create
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λ˜λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‘°ν•­μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
04:47
a direct responsibility on states,
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04:49
or even a binding actual obligation,
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04:52
because it uses word 'should': 'parties should take action'
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'ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ꡭ가에 λŒ€ν•œ 직접적인 μ±…μž„μ΄λ‚˜ ꡬ속λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” μ‹€μ œ 의무λ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ³΄μ „ν•˜κ³  κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ '
04:57
rather than 'parties shall take action'
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λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžλ“€μ€ 행동을 μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€'κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ ' 행동'을 μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:00
to conserve and enhance the environment.
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.
05:02
The Paris Agreement only says
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파리 ν˜‘μ •μ€
05:05
countries 'should' take action to protect forests,
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ꡭ가듀이 μˆ²μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  '
05:08
not 'shall', which means they don't have to do anything.
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 아무것도 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
So, international laws can't force countries to protect the climate,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ κΈ°ν›„λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ„λ‘ κ°•μš”ν•  수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
05:19
but could all that be changing?
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λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ³€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:21
One important case might give the Paris Agreement real strength...
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ν•œ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사둀가 파리 ν˜‘μ •μ— μ§„μ •ν•œ νž˜μ„ 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Politicians talk a lot about their plans to save the environment.
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μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ κ΅¬ν•˜λ €λŠ” κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 많이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:34
What if the law made them do something?
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법이 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λ©΄?
05:38
In 2015, around 900 people
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2015년에 μ•½ 900λͺ…이
05:42
took the Dutch government to court to do just that.
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό 법정에 μ œμ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
The court ruled that the state had a responsibility
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법원은 κ΅­κ°€κ°€
05:49
to act to deal with climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•  μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  νŒκ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
The Dutch government cut its coal-fired power stations by 75%
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 석탄 ν™”λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό 75% 쀄이고
05:59
and spent €3 billion on other steps to cut emissions.
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λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 단계에 30μ–΅ 유둜λ₯Ό μ§€μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Urgenda Foundation의 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬ 쀑
06:05
Dennis van Berkel, one of the Urgenda Foundation's lawyers,
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ν•œ λͺ…인 Dennis van Berkel은
06:10
said, 'The ruling will encourage others to appeal to human rights,
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'이 νŒκ²°μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:14
when it comes to climate change threats.'
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” μœ„ν˜‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μΈκΆŒμ— ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜λ„λ‘ μž₯λ €ν•  것'이라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
So, could you use this case in your own country?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 이 μΌ€μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
06:21
And how did the law make the Dutch government change its behaviour?
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그리고 이 법은 λ„€λœλž€λ“œ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 행동을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? Urgenda 사건에
06:26
Let's hear from Dennis van Berkel
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06:28
about the laws used in the Urgenda case.
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μ‚¬μš©λœ 법λ₯ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ Dennis van Berkelλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
06:32
We used three types of law in our case.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μ‚¬κ±΄μ—μ„œ μ„Έ 가지 μœ ν˜•μ˜ 법을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
The first bit of law was tort law,
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λ²•μ˜ 첫 번째 뢀뢄은 λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„κ°€
06:38
which tells us what is unlawful behaviour
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무엇인지,
06:41
and which is the law to hold state or private entity liable.
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κ΅­κ°€ λ˜λŠ” λ―Όκ°„ 기업에 μ±…μž„μ„ λ¬»λŠ” 법이 무엇인지 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„λ²•μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
But, to inform what is lawful and unlawful behaviour
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€ μΈ‘μ—μ„œ 합법 κ³Ό λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„κ°€ 무엇인지 μ•Œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:49
on the side of the state, we also looked at human rights law,
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μΈκΆŒλ²•,
06:53
particularly the European Convention on Human Rights.
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특히 유럽 μΈκΆŒν˜‘μ•½λ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
06:56
And we also looked at international law: for instance, the Paris Agreement,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 파리 ν˜‘μ •μ€
07:01
which tells us that countries need to hold their emissions to well below 2Β°
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각ꡭ이 μ˜¨μ‹€ κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ„ 2Β° 미만으둜 μœ μ§€
07:05
and to aim to hold temperature increase to below one and a half degrees.
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ν•˜κ³  기온 μƒμŠΉμ„ 1.5도 미만으둜 μ–΅μ œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λͺ…μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
The lawyers working on this case used a variety of laws:
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이 사건을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ€
07:15
tort, human rights and international.
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λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„, 인ꢌ 및 κ΅­μ œλ²•κ³Ό 같은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 법λ₯ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
So, what did the court ruling actually say?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 법원 νŒκ²°μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 무엇을 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:22
First of all, the... the judgement said that climate change
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μš°μ„ , νŒκ²°λ¬Έμ€ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”κ°€
07:25
is an incredibly big threat and is actually threatening
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 큰 μœ„ν˜‘ 이며 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
07:28
our right to life and our right to private life,
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우리의 생λͺ…κΆŒκ³Ό μ‚¬μƒν™œκΆŒμ„ μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
07:31
and that the state therefore has a duty
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”
07:34
to protect us against climate change.
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λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 우리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:37
But moreover, the judgement said that
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ”μš±μ΄, νŒκ²°μ€
07:39
every country has its own responsibility
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λͺ¨λ“  κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 문제 ν•΄κ²°
07:42
to do its share in solving the problem:
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에 μžˆμ–΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ«μ„ ν•  μ±…μž„μ΄ 있으며
07:44
it needs to do its fair share.
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κ³΅μ •ν•œ λͺ«μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
And then the... the judgement looked at what precisely is this fair share.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ... νŒκ²°μ€ 이 κ³΅ν‰ν•œ λͺ«μ΄ μ •ν™•νžˆ 무엇인지 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
The ruling said that climate change is a big threat
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νŒκ²°μ€ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 큰 μœ„ν˜‘
07:55
and every country is responsible for protecting its people.
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이며 λͺ¨λ“  κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ꡭ민을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•  μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
But can a ruling in the Netherlands have an international impact?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ„€λœλž€λ“œμ˜ 판결이 ꡭ제적 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:05
So, there have been about 100 cases around the world by now,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•½ 100건의 사둀가 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
08:08
in which governments have been targeted
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ
08:10
for not taking enough measures against climate change,
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ ν‘œμ μ΄ 된 사둀가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
for instance... for giving permission to open new airfields
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08:17
or to open new coal-fire power plants,
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,
08:19
but also there's been a wave of litigation against corporations,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ˜ν•œ 기업에 λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ†‘μ˜ 물결이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
08:23
and very recently there was actually a court in the Netherlands
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μ•„μ£Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ„€λœλž€λ“œ λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ Shellκ³Ό 같은
08:26
that even concluded that a multinational oil company,
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닀ꡭ적 μ„μœ  νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ„ 쀄여야 ν• 
08:29
such as Shell, has a legal duty to also reduce its emissions:
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법적 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  결둠을 λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
not only its own emissions, but even the emissions of its consumers.
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λ°°μΆœλŸ‰λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
Many cases around the world have followed this one,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 사둀가
08:42
targeting governments and corporations to fight climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 정뢀와 기업을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 이 사건을 λ”°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
Dennis said this was a really important case.
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DennisλŠ” 이것이 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사건이라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
We can go to the streets, but we can also go to the courts
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 거리둜 λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 법원에 κ°€μ„œ
08:54
and demand answers – why this problem
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닡변을 μš”κ΅¬ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œ 이 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ
08:57
has not been dealt with sufficiently.
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닀루어지지 μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:59
And that's one of the big things that these cases show.
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그리고 그것은 이 사건듀이 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 큰 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
And as long as countries do not step up,
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그리고 ꡭ가듀이 λ‚˜μ„œμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ 점점
09:05
we will see more and more people going to courts
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 법정에 κ°€μ„œ
09:07
demanding that both their governments
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μ •λΆ€
09:12
and the corporations justify themselves
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와 κΈ°μ—… λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
09:15
with regards to what they're doing about climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν•  것을 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
If governments don't take action to deal with climate change,
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
09:23
people can use the power of the law to force positive change.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 긍정적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ°•μ œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ²•μ˜ νž˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
We've seen how current laws, like the Paris Agreement,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŒŒλ¦¬ν˜‘μ •κ³Ό 같은 ν˜„ν–‰λ²•μ΄ 쒋은 μ˜λ„μ—λ„
09:31
are hard to enforce, despite the good intentions behind them.
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λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 것을 보아 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:36
But, thanks to smart and dedicated lawyers,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ˜‘λ˜‘ ν•˜κ³  ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬ 덕뢄에
09:40
countries may soon have to take action
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 곧
09:42
to protect our environment for the future.
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미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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