BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Animals ' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

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2022-12-29 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Animals ' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

193,476 views ใƒป 2022-12-29

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:07
BBC Learning English.
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.
00:09
I'm Sam.
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And I'm Neil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Sam, do you remember
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Sam,
00:12
an old children's television show called 'Lassie'?
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'Lassie'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:15
Yes, I grew up watching the
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์˜ˆ, ์ €๋Š”
00:16
adventures of schoolboy, Timmy,
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ Timmy
00:18
and his pet dog, a collie named Lassie.
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์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์ธ Lassie๋ผ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Whenever Timmy got lost
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Timmy๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ
00:22
or into trouble, Lassie sensed
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค Lassie๋Š”
00:24
danger and came to the rescue.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
If you believe shows like 'Lassie',
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'Lassie'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋ ค
00:28
pets know when their human owners
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๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์ธ
00:30
feel afraid or in danger.
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์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
But in real life
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ
00:33
do animals know, or
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๋™๋ฌผ
00:35
care, about human feelings?
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์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๋‚˜์š”?
00:37
Now, Neil, obviously we're not
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์ž, ๋‹, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:39
talking about wild animals, right?
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
00:41
We're talking about domesticated
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
00:43
animals - types of animals which are
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00:46
under human control and have been
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:47
living closely with people for centuries.
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์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
They include pets,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
00:51
like cats and dogs, working
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ, ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
00:53
animals and farm animals,
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๋™๋ฌผ,
00:54
like cows and sheep.
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์†Œ์™€ ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†์žฅ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
So, what about dogs like our friend, Lassie?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ž˜์‹œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
00:59
Do you think they can
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
01:00
sense human feelings?
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:02
It's hard to know what's really
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๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์˜ ํฐ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ˆˆ ๋’ค์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:03
going on behind a dog's big, brown eyes.
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.
01:06
Unlike humans, pets
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ
01:08
can't talk to say how they're
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์€ ๋ง๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ
01:09
feeling, and this makes it easy
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01:11
for us to misunderstand them.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
People often anthropomorphize
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:15
their pets - treat them as if
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์ข…์ข… ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์˜์ธํ™”
01:17
they were human by giving
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01:18
them human characteristics.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
In cartoons, Micky Mouse can
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๋งŒํ™”์—์„œ ๋ฏธํ‚ค ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š”
01:22
talk and Donald Duck dances and
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๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ ๋•์€ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ 
01:24
sings, but we know mice and
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๋…ธ๋ž˜
01:26
ducks don't really
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01:27
do that in nature.
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๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Exactly. But recently, new
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
01:30
research has suggested that
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
01:32
sometimes pets do respond to
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ด
01:34
their owner's feelings.
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์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
OK. Well, before we find out
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
01:37
more, I have a quiz question
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01:39
for you, Neil.
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, ๋‹, ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
'Lassie' wasn't
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'Lassie'๋Š” ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž
01:41
the only TV show to feature a
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๋ฅผ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ TV ์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:43
boy and his pet companion.
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.
01:45
A similar show, Skippy, was set
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‡ผ์ธ Skippy๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
01:47
in Australia - but what type of
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01:50
animal was the star?
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ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์Šคํƒ€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:51
Was Skippy:
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Skippy
01:52
a) a rabbit?
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๋Š” a) ํ† ๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:54
b) a frog?
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b) ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ?
01:55
or, c) a kangaroo?
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๋˜๋Š” c) ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ?
01:58
Well, if Skippy was Australian,
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์Œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ Skippy๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
02:00
I'll guess he's c) a kangaroo.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ c) ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
OK, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Now, Neil, earlier you
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์ž, ๋‹, ์•ž์„œ
02:07
mentioned that because animals
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ
02:08
can't speak, it's difficult to know
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๋“ค์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:11
their feelings about us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Difficult, yes ... but not impossible.
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๋„ค, ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Recently, anthrozoologist,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™
02:17
Dr Karen Hiestand, designed an
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์ž์ธ Karen Hiestand ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ ค
02:19
experiment to test whether
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02:21
our pets really do care about us.
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
She filmed pet owners pretending
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์นœ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์ธ์„ ์ดฌ์˜
02:26
to be hurt and observed the
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ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:27
reactions of their dogs and cats.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Here's Adrian Washbourne, producer
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02:32
for BBC World Service programme,
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
02:34
Health Check, pretending to
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Health Check์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œ์ธ Adrian Washbourne
02:35
hurt his leg at home, where he
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02:37
lives with his two pets, a cat and a dog.
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์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์นœ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And now I'm going to fake an
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š”
02:44
injury, and we'll see how they respond.
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๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…ํžŒ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Ouch!
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์•„์•ผ!
02:50
Ow!
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์•„์•ผ!
02:53
Well, the tail wagging has
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์Œ, ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ํ”๋“ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:54
got a bit more, there's a bit of a yawn.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ๊ณ , ํ•˜ํ’ˆ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So, I don't think they
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:57
were particularly sensitive or
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:59
bothered that I was squealing
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œ
03:01
around the floor in agony,
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ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๋ช…์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ 
03:02
holding my leg up in the air,
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, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:04
trying to feign an injury.
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, ๋‹ค์นœ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Meanwhile the cat, who's
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด
03:07
on the windowsill, is
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03:09
looking at me with wide eyes.
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๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋™๊ทธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋œจ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Adrian didn't really hurt his
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Adrian์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
leg - he feigned, or pretended, to be hurt.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์นœ ์ฒ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
He pretended to be
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๊ทธ๋Š”
03:18
in agony - extreme physical
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03:20
pain, to see what his pets would do.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทน๋„์˜ ์œก์ฒด์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Adrian's dog wagged his tail
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Adrian์˜ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉฐ
03:25
and gave a yawn.
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ํ•˜ํ’ˆ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
The cat, meanwhile, just looked at
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด
03:28
him with wide eyes...
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๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋™๊ทธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋œจ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
03:30
Little evidence of pets
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ
03:32
showing care or concern there,
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์ด ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„
03:34
you might think.
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๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
But, according to Dr Hiestand,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Hiestand ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—
03:37
the animals' behaviour makes
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€
03:38
perfect sense when you
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03:40
remember where they came from.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Dogs are descended
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๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋Š‘๋Œ€์˜
03:43
from ancient breeds of
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํ’ˆ์ข…์˜ ํ›„์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
wolves - very social animals
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๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ
03:46
who live together in packs,
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03:48
so it makes sense that a dog
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์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ
03:50
would sniff and come closer
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์œ„ํ•ด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์น˜
03:51
to investigate what
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03:52
was happening.
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์— ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Cats, on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด
03:55
are solitary creatures,
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๋Š” ํ™€๋กœ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ
03:56
descended from wild cats who
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ํ•˜๋˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ํ›„์†์ธ ๊ณ ๋…ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ
03:58
lived and hunted alone.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Dr Hiestand thinks this explains
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Hiestand ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ
04:02
the reaction of Adrian's cat,
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04:04
as she told BBC World Service
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๋Š” BBC World Service
04:05
programme, Health Check.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Health Check์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Adrian์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
What we're seeing typically
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:09
is cats staying much more still...
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๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:11
that they're looking and looking
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... ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:12
at their owner, so they're
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.
04:13
definitely paying their owner
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04:14
an awful lot of attention when
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04:16
they're displaying a negative
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04:17
distress emotion, comparing to
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04:19
during the control procedure
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์ œ์–ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ
04:20
where they're just doing cat
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์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด
04:21
things โ€“ walking around,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ - ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
04:23
grooming... that kind of thing.
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๋ชธ๋‹จ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ... ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
The experiment showed the
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์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์—
04:26
different responses of cats
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘
04:28
and dogs to human distress -
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04:30
feelings of worry,
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(๊ฑฑ์ •,
04:31
sadness or pain.
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์Šฌํ”” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต)์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
In the experiment, dogs were
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์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋Š”
04:34
visibly concerned, while cats
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š”
04:36
simply paid more attention to
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
04:37
what was going on.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Some cats did nothing, except carry on
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฐ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:41
grooming - cleaning themselves
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04:43
using their tongue and paws.
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.
04:45
The experiment confirms the
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜
04:46
idea we have of cats being
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์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ™•์ธ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
cold and antisocial.
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.
04:50
And of dogs being our best friend.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
But according to
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:53
Dr Hiestandโ€™s findings, cats
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Hiestand ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด
04:55
also feel human distress - they
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๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
04:57
just show it in a different way.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Well, if the experiment
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์Œ, ์‹คํ—˜์—
05:01
included Lassie, she'd probably
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Lassie๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„
05:03
phone the emergency services,
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์‘๊ธ‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์ „ํ™”
05:05
then make Adrian a cup of tea!
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๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  Adrian์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:06
Ha! And what about Skippy?
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ํ•˜์•„! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Skippy๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:08
Ah yes, in my quiz question
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์•„ ๋งž๋‹ค, ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
05:10
I asked Neil about the
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๋‚˜๋Š” Neil์—๊ฒŒ
05:12
Australian TV star, Skippy.
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ TV ์Šคํƒ€์ธ Skippy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
I guessed that he was
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
05:15
c) a kangaroo.
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c) ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Which was the correct answer!
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ!
05:19
Over two metres high and able
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๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ 2๋ฏธํ„ฐ
05:21
to jump nine metres in a
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๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— 9๋ฏธํ„ฐ
05:23
single hop, you'd be in safe
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๋ฅผ ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜
05:25
hands with Skippy the Kangaroo.
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์žˆ๋Š” ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ ์Šคํ‚คํ”ผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Right, let's recap the
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์ž, ๊ธธ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:29
vocabulary from this programme
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์ด
05:30
starting with domesticated - a
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05:33
word to describe animals
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๋‹จ์–ด
05:35
which are not wild and live
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๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:36
under human control.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
To anthropomorphize means to
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์˜์ธํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:40
give animals human qualities
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๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ
05:42
and characteristics.
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๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
If you feign illness, you
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05:45
pretend to be ill when you are not.
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์•„ํ”ˆ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ๋„ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
05:47
To be in agony means to be
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๊ณ ๋‡Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์œก์ฒด์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป
05:49
in extreme physical pain.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Someone who's in distress,
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๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
05:52
feels worry, pain or sadness.
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์€ ๊ฑฑ์ •, ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋˜๋Š” ์Šฌํ””์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And finally, grooming is how
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฐ์€
05:56
some animals clean themselves
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™๋ฌผ
05:58
using their tongue and paws.
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์ด ํ˜€์™€ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
That's all the time we have
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
06:01
for this programme.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:03
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
06:09
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
I'm Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Hello. And I'm Catherine.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Now, Catherine, how do you
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์ž, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ,
06:15
feel about cephalopods?
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๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
06:17
Er ...cephalopods?
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์–ด... ๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜?
06:20
Yeah.
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์‘.
06:21
You do know what
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06:22
cephalopods are, don't you?
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๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
06:23
Yes, of course I do.
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
06:25
It's a new kind of iPod, isn't it?
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ iPod์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
06:27
Not exactly, no.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
A cephalopod is a kind of sea creature,
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๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
06:31
like a squid or octopus.
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์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Oh, cephalopods, yes, of course, I know what
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์˜ค, ๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜, ๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก 
06:36
a cephalopod is.
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๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Of course you do.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Well, today's programme is all
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
06:41
about one of these squishy
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์ด ๋ฌผ๋ ๋ฌผ๋ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
06:43
creatures, the octopus, which
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์ธ ๋ฌธ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
06:44
apparently is a pretty clever animal.
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๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
To start, here's today's quiz question.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. octopus
06:49
What is the correct
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์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:51
plural form of octopus?
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?
06:52
Is it a) octopuses,
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a) ๋ฌธ์–ด,
06:55
b) octopodes or c) octopi?
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b) ๋ฌธ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋ฌธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:58
What do you think, Catherine?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ?
06:59
OK. I think this is a trick question.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠธ๋ฆญ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
I think people think that it's 'octopi', but
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '๋ฌธ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
07:06
it's actually, there's a technical term for it, which
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉ์–ด
07:09
is the correct term and that's 'octopodes'.
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๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” '๋ฌธ์–ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
But some people think, like children
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค
07:12
and stuff, they just put
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด
07:14
the plural 's' on so they say 'octopuses'.
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์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ 'octopuses'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So, I'm going for answer b) octopodes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” b) octopodes์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Wow! Listen out for the answer
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์šฐ์™€!
07:22
at the end of the programme,
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07:23
just to see how right or wrong you are.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:26
Now, apparently, the octopus is
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ฌธ์–ด
07:28
a remarkably intelligent creature.
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๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
They have the ability to
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
07:31
solve some complex
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07:32
problems and in one famous
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ
07:33
case one was even able to
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์‚ฌ๋ก€
07:35
predict the result of
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์—์„œ๋Š” ์›”๋“œ์ปต ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:36
World Cup football matches.
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.
07:38
Oh yes, that was Paul the psychic octopus.
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์˜ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ํด์€ ์‹ฌ๋ น ๋ฌธ์–ด์˜€์–ด.
07:41
I don't think he was really psychic though.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
It was just a publicity stunt by the zoo that had
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ํ™๋ณด ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
him, as a way to promote their zoo.
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.
07:48
It may have been a publicity stunt,
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ํ™๋ณด ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ์˜€์„์ง€
07:50
but he was actually quite accurate.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
In fact, he correctly predicted the
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” 14
07:54
result of 12 matches out
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ 12๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก
07:55
of 14 - that's 86 percent.
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 86%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Not bad, eh?
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๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ ?
07:58
That's amazing.
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๊ทธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด.
07:59
I didn't know he was that good.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค.
08:01
Anyway, Neil, tell us more about the octopus.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋‹, ๋ฌธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งํ•ด์ค˜.
08:04
Well, I'll leave that to
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
08:05
Peter Godfrey-Smith, philosopher
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08:08
of science and author of
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๊ณผํ•™ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์ด์ž
08:10
Other Minds: The Octopus,
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Other Minds : The Octopus,
08:12
the Sea, and the Deep Origins
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the Sea, and the Deep Origins
08:13
of Consciousness.
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of Consciousness์˜ ์ €์ž ์ธ Peter Godfrey-Smith์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
He is quite
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๊ทธ๋Š”
08:16
a fan of our eight-tentacled friends.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด‰์ˆ˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
On the BBC Radio 4
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4
08:19
programme Start the Week he
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Start the Week์—์„œ
08:21
said that humans and the
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
08:22
octopus have a common ancestor.
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๋ฌธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ†ต ์กฐ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
This is a term in science
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
08:26
which means 'a creature from
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'๋‘ ์ข…์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:27
which both species evolved'.
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.
08:29
Like a very distant relative.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
08:31
How long ago does he say this
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณตํ†ต ์กฐ์ƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง
08:33
common ancestor lived?
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:36
We got the octopus as a
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ง„ํ™” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
very special evolutionary product.
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.
08:42
It's an animal that's
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:43
removed from us by a lot of
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๋งŽ์€
08:46
evolutionary distance.
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์ง„ํ™”์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
The common ancestor that we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ
08:48
share with an octopus lived
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๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์–ด์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต ์กฐ์ƒ์€
08:50
about 600 million years ago
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์•ฝ 6์–ต ๋…„ ์ „
08:52
or actually even a bit longer than that.
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
But it has a large nervous system
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:56
in a range comparable to vertebrates.
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์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์— ํ•„์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
So, our common ancestor lived
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต ์กฐ์ƒ์€
09:03
about 600 million years ago -
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์•ฝ 6์–ต ๋…„
09:06
or maybe a little bit longer than that.
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์ „์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And he says that the octopus
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด
09:10
has a nervous system that is
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๊ฐ€
09:11
comparable to vertebrates.
292
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์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์— ํ•„์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Comparable means 'similar to',
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Comparable์€ 'similar to',
09:15
like, and vertebrates is the
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like๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒ™์ถ” ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
09:17
term for the group of animals
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
that have a spine or backbone.
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.
09:20
We humans are examples of vertebrates.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฒ™์ถ” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
So what Godfrey-Smith is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Godfrey-Smith๊ฐ€
09:24
saying is that the squishy
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋ž‘๋ง๋ž‘ํ•œ
09:26
octopus has a nervous system
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1930
๋ฌธ์–ด๊ฐ€
09:28
which has some similarities
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1900
09:30
to our own in that it's quite large.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
And a large nervous system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„
09:35
is a sign of intelligence.
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๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
He goes on to talk a bit
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
09:38
more about how we might be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์–ด์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:39
able to relate to the octopus.
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.
09:41
He talks about the protean
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌด์Œํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:43
nature of its body.
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.
09:44
'Protean' is an adjective
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'Protean'์€
09:45
which means 'adaptable or
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'์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”'์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ
09:47
changeable', and the octopus's body
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์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ๋ชธ
09:49
is certainly that.
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์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค.
09:51
Why might that be a problem for us?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:54
The sensory world of an octopus
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๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„
09:57
has, in some way it's recognisable.
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๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
They're very visual animals,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
10:01
they're very taste-oriented
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ
10:04
animals and those things make sense to us.
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
But the absence of hard parts, the protean
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†๊ณ , ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌด์Œํ•œ
10:09
nature of the body and the sort of extent of the
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์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ผ์ข…์˜
10:13
sensitivity makes it a hard thing to think about.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
This is interesting, isn't it?
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
10:19
So the octopus uses its senses
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์–ด
10:21
of vision and taste, like
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๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
10:24
we do, and this is something
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ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:25
we can recognise, but what
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ
10:27
is tricky for us is that
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๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:29
its form is so completely
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10:31
different from ours.
330
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.
10:33
The octopus isn't a vertebrate
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๋ฌธ์–ด๋Š” ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:35
so it can change its form
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ํ˜•ํƒœ
10:37
and its shape very easily.
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์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Yes, we're not used to
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์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅ
10:41
thinking of soft squishy
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์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ ๋ฌผ๋ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
10:43
things having intelligence.
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๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
And speaking of intelligence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
10:46
we've been very careful
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์–ด
10:47
not to use the plural of
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์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌ
10:48
octopus so as not to give
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10:50
away the answer to today's
341
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10:51
quiz question which was: what's the
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
correct plural form?
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:55
a) octopuses, b) octopodes
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a) ๋ฌธ์–ด, b
10:58
or c) octopi?
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) ๋ฌธ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋ฌธ์–ด?
11:00
Catherine, you said ...
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€...
11:01
Well, I said that some people
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2004
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
11:03
think it's 'octopuses', a lot
348
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์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด '๋ฌธ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
11:06
of people think it's 'octopi',
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '๋ฌธ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง
11:08
but the actual answer is 'octopodes'.
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ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '๋ฌธ์–ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And you're completely right.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Congratulations!
352
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11:13
Yeah! Thank you.
353
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์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์š”!
์‘! ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So, let's review today's vocabulary.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:18
Cephalopod is the
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๋‘์กฑ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ
11:19
name of the group of animals
356
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๋™๋ฌผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:20
to which the octopus belongs.
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.
11:22
'A publicity stunt' is
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'ํ™๋ณด ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ'
11:24
something a company might
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๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ
11:25
do to grab your attention
360
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๊ฐ€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๊ณ 
11:27
and promote its products.
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์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Like claiming an octopus can
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๋ฌธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:30
predict the winner of football matches.
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์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šน์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
A 'common ancestor' is a
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'๊ณตํ†ต ์กฐ์ƒ'์€
11:35
distant relative from which
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11:36
two different species evolved.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
'Comparable' to means
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'๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”'์€
11:41
'similar to' and vertebrates
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'์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ
11:43
are animals that have a spine.
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์€ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
And then finally we had
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:47
'protean', this adjective means 'adaptable
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'protean'์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
11:50
and changeable'.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Time now for us to say
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์ด์ œ
11:54
goodbye but remember you
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์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
11:55
can find us on ยญยญInstagram,
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ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ Instagram,
11:56
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
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Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
11:57
as well as our website,
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๋ฐ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
11:59
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:01
So, be sure to check us
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
12:02
on one, several or all of
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ
12:04
those before joining us again.
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ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:06
Goodbye.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
12:07
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
12:13
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด
12:15
from BBC Learning English.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
I'm Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
In this programme, we'll be hearing
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ
12:20
a news story linked to the
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์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
12:21
'Nature versus Nurture' debate,
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'์ฒœ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ ์–‘์œก' ๋…ผ์Ÿ
12:24
not concerning a human, but a rhinoceros!
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๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด
12:27
The extremely rare Northern
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์˜ ๊ทนํžˆ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋ถ๋ถ€
12:29
White Rhino of East Africa
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ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” 2014
12:31
w as on the brink of extinction
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12:33
when the second-to-last
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๋…„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
12:34
living male, Suni, died
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๋กœ ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท ์ˆ˜๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:37
in 2014, leaving behind two
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, ๋‘
12:39
females, Najin and Fatu -
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•”์ปท ๋‚˜์ง„๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:41
the last living creatures
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12:43
of their species.
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.
12:44
Conservationists started an
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž
12:46
artificial breeding programme,
402
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12:48
using eggs from the females
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๋“ค์€ ์•”์ปท์˜
12:50
and sperm from Suni to
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๋‚œ์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ
12:52
produce an embryo - an unborn
405
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์•„(๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ
12:54
animal in the very early
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™๋ฌผ)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์œก์ข… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:56
stages of development.
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.
12:58
Recently, there's been a
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์ตœ๊ทผ
12:59
new development in the story,
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์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
13:01
but before we hear more,
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์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
13:02
it's time for my quiz question.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
The name, 'rhinoceros', comes from
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'์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
13:06
the ancient Greek, but
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1672
13:08
what exactly does it mean?
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:10
Is it a) thick skin,
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a) ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ”ผ๋ถ€,
13:12
b) horned nose or
416
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2820
b) ๋ฟ”์ฝ” ๋˜๋Š”
13:15
c) small eye?
417
795780
1870
c) ์ž‘์€ ๋ˆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:17
That's a tricky one,
418
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13:19
because rhinos have all three!
419
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1737
์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
13:22
OK, I'll guess c) thick skin.
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์ข‹์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” c) ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
13:24
OK, Sam, we'll find out later.
421
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
13:26
Now let's get back
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927
์ด์ œ
13:27
to the story of those precious
423
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๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ
13:29
Northern Rhino embryos.
424
809320
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:30
Well, the good news is that
425
810590
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
13:32
so far five embryos have been produced.
426
812540
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
They're being
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€
13:36
frozen until they can be
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13:37
implanted in Southern rhinos -
429
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13:41
the Northern species' more common cousin.
430
821000
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ข…์˜ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ธ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์— ์ด์‹๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ƒ‰๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Conservationist Thomas
431
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ
13:45
Hildebrandt runs the rhino
432
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ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์ธ Thomas Hildebrandt๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ
13:47
breeding programme.
433
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์‚ฌ์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
He spoke to BBC World Service's
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๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service์˜ Science in Action๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
13:50
Science in Action, who asked him
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ
13:52
whether the embryos were
436
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817
๋ฐฐ์•„๊ฐ€
13:53
genetically from the
437
833227
1183
์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:54
Northern species.
438
834410
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ข…์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Absolutely right.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งž์•„.
13:58
They're not
440
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žก์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:59
hybrids, they're pure Northern
441
839590
1770
14:01
White Rhino embryos which
442
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2060
14:03
were generated with the
443
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14:06
desired breeding partner,
444
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1910
14:08
Suni, who died in 2014.
445
848290
2510
2014๋…„์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์‹ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ธ Suni์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๋ถ€ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
So, we have embryos which
446
850800
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:13
have a very high quality -
447
853200
2300
๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜
14:15
there's no inbreeding effect
448
855500
1570
14:17
on these embryos, and it's
449
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2280
๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์ด์‹
14:19
so important to make the
450
859350
2100
ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
next step, to transfer these
451
861450
1710
14:23
embryos because we can
452
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2280
14:25
preserve life, biological
453
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์ƒ๋ช…, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ 
14:27
material, in liquid nitrogen,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์•ก์ฒด ์งˆ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
but what we can't do ... we
455
869560
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:31
can't preserve social knowledge
456
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ
14:33
and therefore we need
457
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1250
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ
14:34
desperately a calf on the
458
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14:36
ground so that these two
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14:37
existing Northern White
460
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1330
๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ
14:39
Rhinos, can teach the new
461
879250
2570
์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†ก์•„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ
14:41
calf how to behave as a
462
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2170
์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†ก์•„์ง€
14:43
Northern White Rhino.
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.
14:46
Having genetically pure
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1732
์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ
14:48
embryos prevents the birth
465
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๋ฐฐ์•„
14:50
of hybrids - animals that
466
890370
1991
๋ฅผ
14:52
have been bred from two different species.
467
892361
2979
๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ์žก์ข…์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
It's also important the
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๋˜ํ•œ
14:56
embryos have no inbreeding -
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๋ฐฐ์•„์— ๊ทผ์นœ ๊ต๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ์นœ ๊ต๋ฐฐ
14:59
breeding of a young animal
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15:00
from two closely related
471
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1274
15:01
parents, because this can cause disease.
472
901844
3232
๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ต๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
Fortunately, Thomas and his
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ Thomas์™€ ๊ทธ์˜
15:06
team have preserved five
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ํŒ€์€ 5๊ฐœ์˜
15:08
healthy and genetically pure
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ
15:10
Northern Rhino embryos in liquid nitrogen.
476
910510
3547
๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์•ก์ฒด ์งˆ์†Œ์— ๋ณด์กดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
But while they can preserve
477
914057
1567
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
15:15
'nature', what Thomas's team
478
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1796
'์ž์—ฐ'์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ Thomas์˜ ํŒ€
15:17
can't provide is 'nurture' -
479
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์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '์–‘์œก'
15:19
the social knowledge that a
480
919440
1150
์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
young Northern rhino, or calf,
481
920590
2420
์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์†ก์•„์ง€
15:23
can only learn from other Northern rhinos.
482
923010
2371
๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And since Najin and Fatu,
483
925381
1999
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ
15:27
the last remaining Northern
484
927380
1250
์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ถ
15:28
rhinos on Earth, are getting
485
928630
2190
์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์ธ ๋‚˜์ง„๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ
15:30
old, the race is on to breed
486
930820
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค
15:33
a young rhino calf before they die.
487
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2740
.
15:36
The good news for the survival
488
936000
1660
๋ถ๋ถ€ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹
15:37
of the Northern White Rhino
489
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1270
15:38
is that experiments to
490
938930
1300
15:40
implant the delicate embryos
491
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1690
15:41
in Southern rhinos have been successful.
492
941920
2025
์€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์— ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
Here's Thomas Hildebrandt
493
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1545
Thomas Hildebrandt
15:45
again talking about these
494
945490
1490
15:46
recent experiments with
495
946980
1380
๊ฐ€
15:48
BBC World Service programme,
496
948360
1584
BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
15:49
Science in Action.
497
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1676
Science in Action์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ž„์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ 16๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:52
We will, for sure, not wait
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ
15:55
until this pregnancy is
499
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์ด ์ž„์‹ ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„
15:56
completed because it takes
500
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1620
๊ฒƒ
15:58
16 months for a full pregnancy in a rhinoceros.
501
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4259
์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
So, if this embryo implants - and we
502
962319
2801
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
16:05
can see that on ultrasound
503
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๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜
16:07
and - forms a nice placenta,
504
967260
2110
์žˆ๊ณ  โ€“ ์ข‹์€ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:09
that is the goal for us
505
969370
1080
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
16:10
to proceed with the next step on the Northern
506
970450
2101
๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๋ถ€ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:12
White rhino embryos.
507
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1749
.
16:15
Normally, it takes 16 months
508
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1556
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ 
16:16
for a female rhino to
509
976917
1473
์œผ๋กœ ์•”์ปท ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€
16:18
complete her pregnancy -
510
978390
1050
16:19
the state in which a woman
511
979440
1590
์ž„์‹ ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” 16๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
16:21
or female animal has a
512
981030
1380
์•”์ปท ๋˜๋Š” ์•”์ปท ๋™๋ฌผ์˜
16:22
baby developing inside her.
513
982410
1740
๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
But in the case of the
514
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1160
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:25
Northern rhino, the race is
515
985310
1790
๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚˜์ง„ ์•„์คŒ๋งˆ์™€ ํŒŒํˆฌ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
16:27
on to birth calves who can
516
987100
2010
16:29
learn the rhino rules of
517
989110
1400
์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์†ก์•„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
16:30
social behaviour from
518
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1810
16:32
Aunty Najin and Granny Fatu
519
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2060
์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:34
while they're still alive...
520
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2820
16:37
... which is why
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1000
16:38
conservationists are
522
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1000
16:39
monitoring the pregnancy using
523
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1390
.
16:40
ultrasound - a procedure using
524
1000590
2250
์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž„์‹  - ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
16:42
sound waves to create images
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1880
16:44
of internal body parts, or
526
1004720
2140
๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ
16:46
in this case, growing rhino babies.
527
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2218
๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ์•„๊ธฐ.
16:49
It's an unusual episode in
528
1009078
1852
16:50
the ongoing 'Nature versus
529
1010930
2130
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ '์ฒœ์„ฑ ๋Œ€
16:53
Nurture' debate.
530
1013060
1010
์–‘์œก' ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
And, hopefully, a big step
531
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1540
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€
16:55
towards restoring the Northern
532
1015610
1620
16:57
White Rhino population so
533
1017230
2020
16:59
that future generations get
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1350
๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€
17:00
to see these magnificent
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1020600
1280
17:01
creatures with their thick
536
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1300
๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์šด
17:03
skin, horned nose and ...
537
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1910
ํ”ผ๋ถ€, ๋ฟ”์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”,
17:05
... and small eyes, Neil?
538
1025090
2229
... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฐ ์ง„์ „์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil?
17:07
So, what was the answer to
539
1027319
1414
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
17:08
your quiz question?
540
1028733
1586
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:10
Yes, I asked you what the
541
1030319
1111
๋„ค,
17:11
name 'rhinoceros' meant.
542
1031430
1670
'์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
What did you say, Sam?
543
1033100
1310
๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
17:14
I guessed it was a) thick skin.
544
1034410
2437
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด a) ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
Was I right?
545
1036847
1352
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
17:18
Well, rhinos certainly
546
1038199
1371
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š”
17:19
do have thick skin, but
547
1039570
1430
ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ป์ง€๋งŒ
17:21
their name actually comes
548
1041000
1094
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
17:22
from the Greek meaning, 'horned nose'.
549
1042094
3087
'๋ฟ” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ฝ”'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
Well, luckily I've got a
550
1045181
2050
๋ญ, ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„
17:27
thick skin too, so I won't
551
1047231
2049
ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋„
17:29
take it personally!
552
1049280
1710
๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
17:30
Let's have another look
553
1050990
1000
17:31
at the vocabulary we've
554
1051990
1410
17:33
learned, starting with
555
1053400
1000
17:34
embryo - an unborn animal
556
1054400
1830
์•„์ง ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™๋ฌผ
17:36
or human still inside
557
1056230
1450
์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ง
17:37
its mother's womb.
558
1057680
1560
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž๊ถ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:39
A 'hybrid' is an animal
559
1059240
1290
'ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ'๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
17:40
or plant that has been bred from two
560
1060530
1817
๋‘ ์ข…์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:42
different species.
561
1062347
1913
.
17:44
'Inbreeding' is when a
562
1064260
1000
'๊ทผ์นœ ๊ต๋ฐฐ'๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ถ€๋ชจ
17:45
young animal is born from
563
1065260
1230
์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:46
closely related parents.
564
1066490
2170
์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
A calf is the name for
565
1068660
1330
์†ก์•„์ง€๋Š”
17:49
the young of several
566
1069990
1060
17:51
large mammals including
567
1071050
1240
17:52
cows, elephants and
568
1072290
1810
17:54
whales, as well as rhinos.
569
1074100
1930
์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†Œ, ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
'Pregnancy' means being
570
1076030
1070
'์ž„์‹ '์€
17:57
pregnant or growing a baby inside you.
571
1077100
2484
์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์— ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
And finally, 'ultrasound'
572
1079584
1609
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ'
18:01
is used to see internal
573
1081193
1597
๋Š”
18:02
organs or a baby developing inside a woman.
574
1082790
2871
์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
And that's all from this species-saving edition
575
1085661
2489
์ข…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
18:08
of 6 Minute English.
576
1088150
1065
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ดํŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
Goodbye!
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866
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
18:10
Bye bye!
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882
์•ˆ๋…•!
18:16
Hello. This is 6 Minute English,
579
1096160
2000
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 6๋ถ„
18:18
I'm Neil.
580
1098160
817
18:18
And joining me is Rob.
581
1098977
1183
์˜์–ด ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
Hello.
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1000
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:21
Rob, when we think of Easter, what do you think of?
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3317
Rob, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:24
Chocolate!
584
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1280
์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ!
18:25
Well, yes chocolate Easter eggs
585
1105757
1549
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€
18:27
are an obvious symbol of Easter.
586
1107306
1854
์€ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
But there is an animal people
587
1109160
1878
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
18:31
often associate with Easter...
588
1111038
1642
์ข…์ข… ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
18:32
Rabbits!
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1030
ํ† ๋ผ!
18:33
Cute, adorable and fluffy - what's not
590
1113710
2871
๊ท€์—ฝ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํ‘น์‹ ํ•œ
18:36
to like about a rabbit?
591
1116581
1496
ํ† ๋ผ - ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:38
Well, not everyone is a fan
592
1118077
1563
์Œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŒฌ
18:39
of them - by not a fan of
593
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2100
์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒฌ
18:41
I mean they don't like them.
594
1121740
1980
์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
Some people think they are a pest.
595
1123720
2000
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ถฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
But we'll be telling you more about
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1125720
1268
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค
18:46
rabbits shortly.
597
1126988
1329
๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
That's good to know.
598
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1037
์•Œ์•„๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
Well, I'll tell you what
599
1129354
1146
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
18:50
I am a fan of and that
600
1130500
1500
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:52
is your quiz questions -
601
1132000
1530
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
so, what are you going
602
1133530
1000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
18:54
to ask me today?
603
1134530
1000
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
18:55
It's all about wild rabbits.
604
1135530
2700
์•ผ์ƒ ํ† ๋ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1995
18:58
In the last rabbit survey
605
1138230
1310
๋…„์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ† ๋ผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ
18:59
in 1995, how many were
606
1139540
2560
19:02
estimated to exist in the UK?
607
1142100
2182
์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:04
Is it a) 370,500,
608
1144282
4104
a) 370,500,
19:08
b) 3,750,000 or
609
1148386
3784
b) 3,750,000 ๋˜๋Š”
19:12
c) 37,500,000?
610
1152170
3334
c) 37,500,000์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:15
I know rabbits are
611
1155504
1216
ํ† ๋ผ๋Š”
19:16
everywhere in the UK
612
1156720
1210
์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์—
19:17
but not 37 million of
613
1157930
1777
์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 3,700๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
them - so, I'll go for
614
1159707
1476
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
19:21
b) 3,750,000.
615
1161183
2657
b) 3,750,000๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
Well, you'll have to wait
616
1163840
1027
์Œ, ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด
19:24
until the end of the
617
1164867
1000
๋ ค๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ
19:25
programme to find out.
618
1165867
1150
ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:27
But you're right when
619
1167017
854
19:27
you say rabbits are
620
1167871
1073
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์—
ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:28
everywhere in the UK.
621
1168944
1816
.
19:30
It's probably true in other countries too.
622
1170760
2364
์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
19:33
You could say they are
623
1173124
1256
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ’ํ† ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
endemic - meaning very
624
1174380
1420
์ฆ‰
19:35
common or strongly
625
1175800
1040
19:36
established in a place or situation.
626
1176840
2307
, ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
But are they a typically
627
1179147
1443
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
19:40
British wild animal?
628
1180590
1690
์˜๊ตญ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:42
They are now but it's believed
629
1182280
1330
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
19:43
they were brought to the
630
1183610
1050
19:44
country by invaders - some
631
1184660
1410
์นจ๋žต์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€
19:46
say The Romans, others The Normans.
632
1186070
2410
๋Š” The Romans, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” Normans๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
But they eventually spread across the UK.
633
1188480
2611
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์— ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
Victoria Dickinson is author of a book called
634
1191091
2609
Victoria Dickinson์€ Rabbit์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ €์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
19:53
Rabbit and she's been
635
1193700
780
19:54
telling the BBC Radio 4
636
1194480
2030
BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4
19:56
programme Costing The Earth
637
1196510
1086
ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Costing The Earth
19:57
about what helped them spread.
638
1197596
2354
์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
It was really by the middle
639
1200407
1983
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
20:02
of the 17th Century when
640
1202390
1140
๊ฒƒ์€ 17์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
people really started to
641
1203530
1530
20:05
think about rabbit as
642
1205060
1120
20:06
being particularly British...
643
1206180
2090
20:08
and certainly there were more
644
1208270
1030
ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ
20:09
rabbits in Britain than in
645
1209300
1290
๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๊ตญ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:10
the rest of Europe.
646
1210590
1500
.
20:12
There was a calculation done
647
1212090
2000
20:14
that there are over 400
648
1214090
1260
20:15
villages and towns in Britain
649
1215350
1000
์˜๊ตญ
20:16
with the word 'warren' in their name.
650
1216350
2605
์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์— '์›Œ๋ Œ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์„์ด 400๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
So, the rabbits
651
1218955
1666
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ† ๋ผ
20:20
were raised in Britain but
652
1220621
1589
๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ
20:22
they really kept to their
653
1222210
1880
์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์œก์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง€์ผฐ
20:24
warrens until there was
654
1224090
2730
20:26
the rise of fox hunting -
655
1226820
2950
20:29
when their predators
656
1229770
1000
์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
20:30
disappeared rabbits do
657
1230770
1410
ํ† ๋ผ๋Š”
20:32
what rabbits do best, and
658
1232180
1690
ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ
20:33
they started to multiply
659
1233870
1750
์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์‹œ์ž‘
20:35
and become wild, feral
660
1235620
2660
20:38
rabbits throughout the land.
661
1238280
2220
ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋•… ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
So, Victoria knows a thing
662
1240500
1470
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
20:41
or two about rabbits - and
663
1241970
1400
ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ 
20:43
said the word 'warren'
664
1243370
1780
20:45
used in town and village
665
1245150
1400
์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋งˆ์„
20:46
names, is evidence that
666
1246550
1210
์ด๋ฆ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ '์›Œ๋ Œ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€
20:47
they've been in the UK
667
1247760
1030
20:48
since the mid-17th Century.
668
1248790
1260
17์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
A warren is the area
669
1250050
1920
์›Œ๋ Œ์€
20:51
underground where rabbits
670
1251970
1180
20:53
live with lots of holes
671
1253150
1220
๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ
20:54
and connected passages.
672
1254370
1800
๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
But today we use the word
673
1256170
1350
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
20:57
warren to mean a building
674
1257520
1660
20:59
or a part of a town where
675
1259180
1600
21:00
there are lots of confusing
676
1260780
1500
๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด
21:02
passageways or streets.
677
1262280
1650
ํ†ต๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›Œ๋ Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:03
It's a kind of place
678
1263930
1000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
21:04
where you get lost.
679
1264930
1000
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
But it was rabbit warrens
680
1265930
1390
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
21:07
where rabbits would live
681
1267320
1330
21:08
until hunting, particularly
682
1268650
1780
์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ, ํŠนํžˆ
21:10
fox hunting, was introduced
683
1270430
1910
์—ฌ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์ด ๋„์ž…
21:12
and that killed many of the rabbit's predators.
684
1272340
2474
๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ† ๋ผ์˜ ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋˜ ๊ณณ์€ ํ† ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์œก์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
A predator is an animal that hunts
685
1274814
2000
์œก์‹ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ
21:16
and kills another animal.
686
1276814
1876
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
Now, Victoria was talking
687
1278690
1450
์ž, ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
21:20
about feral rabbits - so,
688
1280140
2460
21:22
wild rabbits - not the
689
1282600
1380
21:23
sort people keep at pets in a rabbit hutch.
690
1283980
3000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ† ๋ผ์žฅ์—์„œ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ผ์ƒ ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
Moving on - I'm interested to know why
691
1286980
2350
๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ -
21:29
not everyone loves these
692
1289330
1570
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด
21:30
cute little creatures, I mean,
693
1290900
2110
๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆ
21:33
think of the rabbit characters in the
694
1293010
1634
ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Beatrix Potter ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด
21:34
Beatrix Potter stories.
695
1294644
1466
๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:36
Well, they weren't always well behaved.
696
1296110
2359
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
And Victoria Dickinson
697
1298469
1305
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Victoria Dickinson
21:39
spoke to the Costing the
698
1299774
1256
์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Costing the
21:41
Earth programme about this.
699
1301030
1690
Earth ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์–‘๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ† ๋ผ
21:42
What word did she use to
700
1302720
1150
๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ
21:43
describe rabbits having the
701
1303870
1220
21:45
two opposite sides
702
1305090
1410
21:46
to their character?
703
1306500
2120
์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:48
The rabbit is a paradoxical
704
1308620
1689
ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ธ
21:50
animal; it has a lot of
705
1310309
1031
๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
21:51
faces if you will.
706
1311340
1480
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:52
It's both
707
1312820
1000
21:53
wild and tame, it's timid
708
1313820
2830
๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์‹ฌ
21:56
but also has its reputation
709
1316650
1650
ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
21:58
as trickster rabbit - if
710
1318300
1170
์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ ํ† ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰ํŒ๋„
21:59
you think of Peter Cottontail,
711
1319470
1660
์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Peter Cottontail
22:01
or you think of Br'er Rabbits -
712
1321130
1800
์ด๋‚˜ Br'er Rabbits๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. ํ† ๋ผ
22:02
and I think our relationship
713
1322930
1370
์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„
22:04
with rabbit is the rabbit of
714
1324300
2200
๋Š” ๋™์š”์˜ ํ† ๋ผ์ธ ํ† ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
22:06
the nursery rhyme, the
715
1326500
1270
ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
rabbit of childhood or
716
1327770
1730
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š”
22:09
you think of Peter Rabbit.
717
1329500
2900
Peter Rabbit์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
She said that rabbits are
718
1332400
1650
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€
22:14
paradoxical animals - that's
719
1334050
2300
์—ญ์„ค์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
22:16
the word that describes
720
1336350
1000
22:17
them having two
721
1337350
1000
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
22:18
opposing characteristics.
722
1338350
1580
์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
Yes - we think of them as
723
1339930
1250
์˜ˆ - ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„
22:21
wild, maybe a trickster -
724
1341180
1700
๊ฑฐ์น ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:22
someone who deceives people
725
1342880
1320
22:24
to get what they want.
726
1344200
1164
. ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์†์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
Like Peter...
727
1345364
1048
ํ”ผํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
22:26
what a cheeky rabbit!
728
1346412
1513
... ๊ฑด๋ฐฉ์ง„ ํ† ๋ผ์•ผ!
22:27
But we also think of rabbits
729
1347925
1695
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ผ
22:29
as tame - we have nursery rhymes
730
1349620
1770
22:31
about them, kids have soft
731
1351390
1500
์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
22:32
cuddly rabbit toys.
732
1352890
1560
๊ผญ ๊ปด์•ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ํ† ๋ผ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
I say that they're the perfect symbol for Easter.
733
1354450
3000
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ƒ์ง•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
OK, Rob, if you say so.
734
1357450
1700
์ข‹์•„, ๋กญ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
22:39
But now let me answer the
735
1359150
1580
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ
22:40
question I set you earlier.
736
1360730
1350
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
In the last survey of the
737
1362080
2080
1995๋…„ ํ† ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฐ์‚ฌ
22:44
rabbits in 1995, how many
738
1364160
2020
22:46
were estimated to exist in the UK?
739
1366180
2390
์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:48
Was it a) 370,500
740
1368570
1220
a) 370,500
22:49
b) 3,750,000
741
1369790
5044
b) 3,750,000
22:54
or c) 37,500,000?
742
1374834
3775
๋˜๋Š” c) 37,500,000์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:58
Rob, what did you say?
743
1378609
1151
๋กญ, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
22:59
I said b) 3,750,000.
744
1379760
3674
๋‚˜๋Š” b) 3,750,000์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
Well, you're wrong, Rob!
745
1383434
1566
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด, ๋กญ!
23:05
A government survey put
746
1385000
1484
์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ
23:06
the population in the
747
1386484
1397
์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ
23:07
UK at 37.5 million - so, a lot more.
748
1387881
4713
๋Š” 3,750๋งŒ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:12
But despite its reputation, a recent
749
1392594
2154
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ช…์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ
23:14
survey suggests rabbit
750
1394748
1432
์กฐ์‚ฌ
23:16
numbers in the UK have
751
1396180
1231
์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ† ๋ผ ์ˆ˜
23:17
declined by around 60 percent over the
752
1397411
2699
๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ฝ 60% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:20
last 20 years.
753
1400110
1760
.
23:21
That is sad news.
754
1401870
1237
์Šฌํ”ˆ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:23
But let's cheer ourselves up
755
1403107
1341
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
23:24
with a recap of the
756
1404448
927
23:25
vocabulary we've discussed today, starting
757
1405375
2428
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์šด
23:27
with a fan of.
758
1407803
1837
์„ ๋ถ๋‹์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:29
When someone is a fan of
759
1409640
1050
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŒฌ
23:30
something, they are keen
760
1410690
1440
23:32
on it, they like it a lot.
761
1412130
1850
์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
If you're not a fan of something -
762
1413980
1800
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํŒฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด -
23:35
you don't like it.
763
1415780
1188
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
We mentioned 'endemic' -
764
1416968
1183
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'endemic'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰
23:38
meaning 'very common or
765
1418151
1389
23:39
strongly established in
766
1419540
1330
ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
23:40
a place or situation.
767
1420870
1770
, ์ด๋Š” '์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
And we talked about a
768
1422640
1000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
23:43
'warren' - an underground
769
1423640
1260
ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ '์‚ฌ์œก์žฅ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
23:44
area where rabbits live,
770
1424900
1670
23:46
but also a building or
771
1426570
1270
ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ†ต๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜
23:47
a part of a town where
772
1427840
1430
๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:49
there are lots of
773
1429270
1000
23:50
confusing passageways
774
1430270
1000
23:51
or streets where it is
775
1431270
1330
23:52
easy to get lost.
776
1432600
1430
.
23:54
A 'predator' is an animal
777
1434030
1600
'ํฌ์‹์ž'๋Š”
23:55
that hunts and kills another animal.
778
1435630
1635
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
'Paradoxical' describes
779
1437265
1439
'์—ญ์„ค์ '์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด
23:58
things that have two
780
1438704
1037
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:59
opposing characteristics
781
1439741
1629
24:01
making it hard to understand.
782
1441370
1451
.
24:02
And a 'trickster' is
783
1442821
1256
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'trickster'๋Š”
24:04
someone who deceives people
784
1444077
1323
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
24:05
to get what they want.
785
1445400
1200
์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:06
Well, I'm no trickster,
786
1446600
1700
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ด
24:08
it really has been six
787
1448300
1020
์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง 6
24:09
minutes so it's time to call it a day.
788
1449320
2125
๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:11
Please, join us next time.
789
1451445
1384
๋‹ค์Œ์—๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
24:12
Bye for now.
790
1452829
876
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
24:13
Goodbye!
791
1453705
1279
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
24:20
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
792
1460363
1900
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:22
BBC Learning English.
793
1462263
1641
.
24:23
I'm Neil.
794
1463904
634
์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
And I'm Sam.
795
1464538
1439
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:25
In English, there are
796
1465977
708
์˜์–ด
24:26
many expressions which use
797
1466685
1695
24:28
an adjective to compare
798
1468380
1370
์—๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
24:29
humans with animals.
799
1469750
1854
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
For example, you might
800
1471604
1416
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
24:33
say, 'She's as busy as a bee.'
801
1473020
1891
๋“ค์–ด, '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:34
'As hungry as a horse.'
802
1474911
2369
'๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ.'
24:37
But you probably won't
803
1477280
1700
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
24:38
hear someone say...
804
1478980
1484
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€...
24:40
'She's as clever as a chimpanzee'
805
1480464
2183
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋งŒํผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
...which is strange,
806
1482647
1367
์ด์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
because of all the animals
807
1484014
1926
๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ
24:45
it's our close cousins,
808
1485940
1904
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ,
24:47
chimpanzees, or chimps
809
1487844
1976
์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š”
24:49
for short, who are most like us.
810
1489820
2658
์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
Just like humans, chimps
811
1492478
1822
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€
24:54
are highly intelligent.
812
1494300
1810
๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
They live in social groups
813
1496110
1100
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
24:57
and just like humans these
814
1497210
1420
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด
24:58
groups have leaders.
815
1498630
1620
์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
Also, like humans, chimps
816
1500250
1690
๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€
25:01
have a desire for power.
817
1501940
2050
๋„ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์š•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
In fact, chimpanzees have
818
1503990
1640
์‚ฌ์‹ค
25:05
their own politics which is
819
1505630
1590
25:07
surprisingly similar to human politics,
820
1507220
3334
25:10
as we'll be discovering in this programme.
821
1510554
2454
, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
Research shows that the
822
1513411
1219
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
25:14
reason chimpanzee behaviour
823
1514630
1630
์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ํ–‰๋™
25:16
so closely resembles human
824
1516260
1780
์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ
25:18
politics is because
825
1518040
1430
์ด์œ ๋Š”
25:19
biologically we are almost identical.
826
1519470
2914
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:22
Did you know that
827
1522384
1276
25:23
a chimp is more like a
828
1523660
1000
์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€
25:24
human than like a gorilla?
829
1524660
1620
๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
25:26
So, Sam, my quiz question
830
1526280
1930
์ƒ˜, ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
25:28
is this: biologically,
831
1528210
1760
์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ 
25:29
how close are chimpanzees to humans?
832
1529970
2228
์œผ๋กœ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด๊ฐ€์š”?
25:32
Is it a) 79%,
833
1532198
2722
a) 79%,
25:34
b) 89% or c) 99%?
834
1534920
3410
b) 89% ๋˜๋Š” c) 99%์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:38
Well, Neil, if chimps and
835
1538330
2630
์Œ, ๋‹, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€
25:40
humans are almost identical,
836
1540960
1900
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜
25:42
I'll guess c) 99%.
837
1542860
2290
๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด c) 99%๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:45
OK, Sam, we'll find out the
838
1545150
1750
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜,
25:46
correct answer at the end of the programme.
839
1546900
2270
ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:49
In human societies, of course, not
840
1549170
2000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
25:51
everyone gets to be a political leader.
841
1551170
2410
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:53
It's usually the most powerful
842
1553580
2220
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ
25:55
or ambitious person who becomes president.
843
1555800
2013
ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:57
In chimpanzee society
844
1557813
1907
์นจํŒฌ์ง€
25:59
this is called the 'alpha male' - the most
845
1559720
2667
์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ธ '์•ŒํŒŒ ์ˆ˜์ปท'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:02
successful and powerful
846
1562387
1953
26:04
male who leads the group.
847
1564340
2150
.
26:06
Professor Frans de Waal is
848
1566490
1000
Frans de Waal ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š”
26:07
an expert on chimpanzee behaviour.
849
1567490
2425
์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:09
Here he is on BBC World Service
850
1569915
2085
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service
26:12
programme, The Why Factor,
851
1572000
1640
ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Why Factor์—์„œ
26:13
telling presenter, James Tilley, about one
852
1573640
2260
์‚ฌํšŒ์ž James Tilley์—๊ฒŒ
26:15
example of chimp behaviour
853
1575900
1710
26:17
which closely mirrors human politics.
854
1577610
2960
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:21
Older males who are over
855
1581437
2242
26:23
the hill and cannot be
856
1583679
1291
์–ธ๋• ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
26:24
alpha males any more,
857
1584970
1930
๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
26:26
they start grooming a
858
1586900
1000
ํ•˜๋Š”
26:27
certain young male who
859
1587900
1580
ํŠน์ • ์ Š์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์†์งˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘
26:29
they think has a future,
860
1589480
1290
26:30
and they may end up making
861
1590770
1050
ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
26:31
that young male the
862
1591820
1000
๊ทธ ์ Š์€
26:32
alpha male with their help,
863
1592820
1630
์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ์•ŒํŒŒ ์ˆ˜์ปท์œผ๋กœ
26:34
meaning that they are
864
1594450
1000
๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:35
essential to the power
865
1595450
1000
26:36
of that young male...
866
1596450
1000
๊ทธ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํž˜์—...
26:37
They're the power behind the throne, really...
867
1597450
2260
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™•์ขŒ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ •๋ง...
26:39
Yeah - these older males...
868
1599710
1470
์˜ˆ - ์ด ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค...
26:41
and you see that in human
869
1601180
1000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:42
politics all the time,
870
1602180
724
26:42
these older males who have a lot of
871
1602904
1524
26:44
influence still...
872
1604428
1256
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ...
26:46
Professor de Waal calls
873
1606526
1414
๋“œ ๋ฐœ ๊ต์ˆ˜
26:47
chimps who are too old
874
1607940
1720
๋Š” ์•ŒํŒŒ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ
26:49
to be alpha males,
875
1609660
1330
26:50
'over the hill' - a phrase
876
1610990
2170
'์–ธ๋• ๋„ˆ๋จธ'๋ผ๊ณ 
26:53
describing someone who is
877
1613160
1500
26:54
old and no longer useful or attractive.
878
1614660
2774
๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
Older chimps try to control
879
1617434
1966
๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์นจํŒฌ์ง€
26:59
younger males in order to
880
1619400
1380
27:00
maintain their own power and influence.
881
1620780
2312
๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํž˜๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
In other words, they
882
1623092
1298
์ฆ‰,
27:04
are the power behind the
883
1624390
1130
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™•์ขŒ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
27:05
throne - an expression
884
1625520
1480
27:07
meaning someone with no official
885
1627000
1670
27:08
power but who secretly controls
886
1628670
2010
๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
27:10
things in the background.
887
1630680
2060
๋ฐฐํ›„์—์„œ ์€๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:12
Another example of chimp politics
888
1632740
1640
์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
27:14
is when several weaker males gang
889
1634380
2770
์•ฝํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ
27:17
up and overthrow a stronger
890
1637150
2670
์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์ „๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
27:19
alpha male.
891
1639820
1370
์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:21
By working together
892
1641190
1170
ํž˜์ด
27:22
weaker chimps can increase their
893
1642360
1569
์•ฝํ•œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
27:23
power and the benefits, like
894
1643929
2111
ํž˜๊ณผ
27:26
food, which power brings.
895
1646040
3200
ํž˜์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:29
According to Simon Hicks, professor
896
1649240
1501
27:30
of political science at the
897
1650741
1379
27:32
London School of Economics, human
898
1652120
2121
London School of Economics์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Simon Hicks์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„
27:34
alliances work in exactly the same way.
899
1654241
2869
๋™๋งน์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:37
Here is Professor Hicks speaking
900
1657110
2200
๋‹ค์Œ
27:39
with BBC World Service programme,
901
1659310
1460
์€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
27:40
The Why Factor.
902
1660770
1200
The Why Factor์—์„œ Hicks ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:41
So, for example, if you imagine
903
1661970
2400
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
27:44
three parties in a parliament,
904
1664370
1320
์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ํฐ ์ •๋‹น ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋‹น ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
27:45
one big one and two small ones,
905
1665690
2230
27:47
you might think that naturally
906
1667920
1120
27:49
the most likely coalition is
907
1669040
1080
์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€
27:50
the big party with either one
908
1670120
1420
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋‹น ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํฐ ์ •๋‹น
27:51
of the two small ones, whereas,
909
1671540
1660
27:53
in fact, minimum winning
910
1673200
1000
์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:54
coalition prediction would
911
1674200
1000
์—ฐ์ • ์Šน๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก์€
27:55
suggest the two smaller ones
912
1675200
1040
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:56
should get together, if together
913
1676240
1460
. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์„์˜ 50%
27:57
they can reach more than
914
1677700
1031
์ด์ƒ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
27:58
50 percent of the seats,
915
1678731
1359
28:00
because they can divide up
916
1680090
1120
28:01
the spoils between the two of them.
917
1681210
1099
, ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
Whereas, if either one
918
1682309
1146
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
28:03
of them form a coalition
919
1683455
2135
๊ฐ€
28:05
with a big party, the big party
920
1685590
1000
ํฐ ์ •๋‹น๊ณผ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ์ •๋‹น
28:06
would dominate, and they
921
1686590
1000
์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
28:07
wouldn't get many of the
922
1687590
1000
28:08
spoils for themselves.
923
1688590
2720
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:11
Professor Hicks recommends
924
1691310
1000
Hicks ๊ต์ˆ˜
28:12
that smaller political parties
925
1692310
1670
๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ •๋‹น
28:13
get together - join together in
926
1693980
2080
์ด
28:16
a group to combine their power.
927
1696060
2800
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:18
These smaller parties could
928
1698860
1230
์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋‹น๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ
28:20
form a coalition - a collection
929
1700090
2630
๊ตฌ์„ฑ
28:22
of different political groups
930
1702720
1600
28:24
who unite for a limited time
931
1704320
2210
ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์ธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ
28:26
to form a government.
932
1706530
1760
์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:28
In human politics, making coalitions
933
1708290
2080
์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ
28:30
improves your chances of
934
1710370
1439
์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:31
winning an election.
935
1711809
1451
.
28:33
And in chimpanzee politics, coalitions
936
1713260
1820
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ
28:35
are a good way for young male chimps
937
1715080
2560
์€ ์ Š์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท ์นจํŒฌ์ง€
28:37
to defeat the alpha male and
938
1717640
2180
๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ณ 
28:39
divide up the spoils between themselves.
939
1719820
3020
๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:42
Here, the word
940
1722840
1330
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
28:44
spoils means the benefits
941
1724170
2020
์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์ด๋ž€
28:46
obtained by winning a war or
942
1726190
2070
์ „์Ÿ
28:48
being in a strong position.
943
1728260
2280
์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–ป๋Š” ์ด์ต์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:50
For ambitious alpha chimps
944
1730540
1360
์•ผ์‹ฌ ์ฐฌ ์•ŒํŒŒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€
28:51
the spoils might include getting
945
1731900
1770
์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ
28:53
first choice of food
946
1733670
1190
์—๋Š” ์Œ์‹
28:54
and female partners.
947
1734860
1260
๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:56
While for human politicians'
948
1736120
1851
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜
28:57
power can bring wealth and fame as well.
949
1737971
2883
๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
And there's something else
950
1740854
1366
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
29:02
alpha chimpanzees and human
951
1742220
1570
์•ŒํŒŒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„
29:03
politicians have in common -
952
1743790
1710
์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:05
they like to show their
953
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1000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šคํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:06
softer side by kissing babies!
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!
29:08
It looks like chimps and humans
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„
29:11
share many similar behaviours
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์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
29:13
after all - which reminds me of
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29:15
your quiz question, Neil.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ Neil์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:17
Yes, in my quiz question
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์˜ˆ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
29:18
I asked Sam how similar we are to chimps.
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Sam์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:21
What did you say, Sam?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
29:23
I said that, biologically
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ
29:25
speaking, we're c) 99% the same.
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๋งํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” c) 99% ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:29
Which is... the correct answer!
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ... ์ •๋‹ต!
29:30
Well done, Sam - you're as
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜ - ๋„Œ
29:31
clever as a chimp!
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋งŒํผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•ด!
29:32
Ah, thanks, Neil!
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์•„, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, ๋‹!
29:33
And you're definitely not over the hill!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์–ธ๋• ์œ„์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ
29:36
Let's recap the vocabulary from
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29:38
today's programme about chimp politics,
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29:41
starting with alpha male - the most
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ธ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
29:44
successful and powerful male in any group.
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.
29:47
Over the hill is used to
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Over the hill์€
29:48
describe someone who is old
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29:50
and no longer useful or attractive.
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๋Š™์–ด์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:53
Someone who is the power behind
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์™•์ขŒ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž๋Š”
29:55
the throne secretly controls
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์€๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
29:57
things but has no official power.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ถŒํ•œ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
Get together means join
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Get together๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
30:01
together as a group.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:03
A coalition is when different
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์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ
30:04
political groups temporarily
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์ •์น˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
30:06
unite to form a government.
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์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
And finally, the spoils are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์€
30:10
benefits or advantages
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30:12
gained by winning a war.
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์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ํ˜œํƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:14
That's all for this programme.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
30:17
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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