Companies vs countries - BBC Learning English

47,386 views ・ 2021-10-13

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Multinational corporations can be really big –
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닀ꡭ적 기업은
00:05
bigger even than some countries.
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일뢀 ꡭ가보닀 더 클 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
But does that mean they're more powerful than a country?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것이 그듀이 ꡭ가보닀 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:12
We'll show you how the law keeps things balanced.
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법이 κ· ν˜•μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 법을 μ–΄κΈ°λ©΄
00:16
How can countries stop multinational companies if they break the law?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 닀ꡭ적 기업을 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
00:21
And why do they end up fighting each other in court?
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그리고 그듀은 μ™œ λ²•μ •μ—μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ μ‹Έμš°κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
00:25
And... let's find out how companies structure themselves
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그리고... κ΅­κ°€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯을 μ œν•œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 기업이 슀슀둜λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œμ•„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
00:29
to limit the power of a state.
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.
00:32
They're used to getting away with it.
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그듀은 그것을 ν”Όν•˜λŠ” 데 μ΅μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
For decades, no one's held them to account.
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 아무도 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ±…μž„μ„ 묻지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
They've never been subject to any serious pressure.
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그듀은 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ••λ ₯을 받은 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:45
So, as these companies grow, is the law keeping up?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ„±μž₯함에 따라 법이 계속 μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:50
Do countries or companies have more power, legally?
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κ΅­κ°€λ‚˜ 기업이 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 더 λ§Žμ€ κΆŒν•œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:55
Let's look at Canada, one of the most sued countries in the world.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Canada has been sued lots, because of something called
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λŠ”
01:05
the North American Free Trade Agreement: NAFTA.
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λΆλ―Έμžμœ λ¬΄μ—­ν˜‘μ •(North American Free Trade Agreement: NAFTA)으둜 인해 λ§Žμ€ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
NAFTA was the free trade deal between Canada, the USA and Mexico.
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NAFTAλŠ” μΊλ‚˜λ‹€, λ―Έκ΅­, λ©•μ‹œμ½” κ°„μ˜ 자유 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
But, it also made it easier for investors to sue governments
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 λ˜ν•œ νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ΄
01:21
if they thought the deal was broken.
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κ±°λž˜κ°€ νŒŒκΈ°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 경우 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•˜λŠ” 것을 더 μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Β  Canada soon became the most sued developed country in the world –
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€λŠ” 곧 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ λ‹Ήν•œ 선진ꡭ이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:28
with 35 claims against it.
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.
01:32
Foreign companies forced changes in Canadian law on toxic waste imports
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μ™Έκ΅­ 기업듀은 μœ λ…μ„± 폐기물 μˆ˜μž…μ— κ΄€ν•œ μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 법λ₯ μ„ κ°•μ œλ‘œ λ³€κ²½
01:38
and sued for millions of dollars over oil drilling regulations.
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ν•˜κ³  μ„μœ  μ‹œμΆ” κ·œμ •μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 수백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ†Œμ†‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Campaigners were unhappy and it was eventually replaced
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μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ€ λΆˆλ§Œμ„ ν’ˆμ—ˆκ³  κ²°κ΅­
01:46
by the United States-Mexico-Canada agreement,
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λ―Έκ΅­-λ©•μ‹œμ½”-μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ ν˜‘μ •μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ˜μ–΄
01:50
which limited the power of multinational companies
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닀ꡭ적 기업이
01:53
to take countries to court.
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κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό 법정에 μ„Έμš°λŠ” κΆŒν•œμ„ μ œν•œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Maude Barlow campaigned against the trade agreement,
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Maude BarlowλŠ” 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ„ λ²Œμ˜€λŠ”λ°,
02:01
which she saw as deeply unfair.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 그것이 맀우 λΆˆκ³΅ν‰ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
She explained how she thinks companies got to be so powerful.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°•λ ₯ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
These corporations just expanded out
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이 기업듀은 ν™•μž₯ν•˜μ—¬
02:11
so that their production is in this country,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 생산은 이 λ‚˜λΌμ— 있고,
02:14
and their tax haven's in this country,
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μ‘°μ„Έ ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜λŠ” 이 λ‚˜λΌμ— 있고,
02:15
and their administration's here, and so on...
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ν–‰μ •λΆ€λŠ” 여기에 μžˆλŠ” μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ...
02:17
their head office might be somewhere else.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ³Έμ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
And so they truly are global corporations:
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 그듀은 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ κΈ°μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
they really don't belong to nations... nation states.
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그듀은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ꡭ가에 μ†ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And they want to influence law –
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그리고 그듀은 그듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 법에 영ν–₯을 미치기λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
both nation-state law, but international law,
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ꡭ가법 μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅­μ œλ²•
02:32
or lack of international law – so that they can do what they want.
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λ˜λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ˜ κ²°μ—¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:36
Maude thinks some multinational companies use their size and spread
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MaudeλŠ” 일뢀 닀ꡭ적 기업이 규λͺ¨μ™€ 확산을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:41
to influence and avoid the law.
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법에 영ν–₯을 미치고 νšŒν”Όν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
She explained whether she thought laws
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 법이
02:46
helped countries or companies more.
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κ΅­κ°€λ‚˜ 기업에 더 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
And here's the important thing: that what...
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그리고 여기에 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
the kind of laws that corporations get, in free trade agreements,
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기업이 λ°›λŠ” 법은 자유 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ—μ„œ
02:56
give them legal right to sue governments
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ 법이 λ§ˆμŒμ— 듀지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œ
03:00
if they don't like their laws, if they can...
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ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 법적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
if they show that their laws can... are affecting their...
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 법은... κ·Έλ“€μ˜...
03:05
their right to profit – negatively affecting their right to make money.
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이읡에 λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ – λˆμ„ 벌 수 μžˆλŠ” κΆŒλ¦¬μ— 뢀정적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Whereas there's nothing currently internationally, at the...
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ν˜„μž¬ κ΅­μ œμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”...
03:13
at the treaty level, at the UN level,
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μ‘°μ•½ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ, UN μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ
03:15
that really does impose restrictions on these corporations.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기업에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ œν•œμ„ κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Maude says corporations can get rights from trade agreements,
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MaudeλŠ” 기업이 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ—μ„œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό 얻을 수
03:24
but aren't limited as much by treaties.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 쑰약에 μ˜ν•΄ μ œν•œμ„ λ°›μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
She thinks companies have ended up with more power than countries.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 기업이 ꡭ가보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ νž˜μ„ κ°–κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
She explained how:
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
That's the interesting thing: it's not that all the countries got together
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ν₯미둜운 점은 λͺ¨λ“  κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ
03:37
and said, 'Let's give these corporations legal rights that we don't have.'
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'이 νšŒμ‚¬μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가지고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 법적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜μž'λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
It happened piece by piece by piece.
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그것은 ν•œ 쑰각 ν•œ 쑰각 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
It started with this North American Free Trade Agreement,
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이 뢁미 자유 무역 ν˜‘μ •μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ
03:47
but since then there are more than 3,000 bilateral investment agreements
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μ΄ν›„λ‘œ κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ—λŠ” 3,000개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ–‘μž κ°„ 투자 ν˜‘μ •μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
between countries – so, that's between any two countries and they...
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즉, 그것은 두 κ΅­κ°€ 사이이며...
03:56
then the corporation of this country can sue that government,
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그러면 이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 기업은 ν•΄λ‹Ή μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•  수
03:59
and the corporations of that country can sue that government.
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있고 기업은 κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ·Έ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Maude says companies have gradually gained power
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MaudeλŠ” 기업듀이
04:05
through lots of trade agreements.
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λ§Žμ€ 무역 ν˜‘μ •μ„ 톡해 점차 νž˜μ„ μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
So, some strong opinions there from the campaigner, Maude Barlow.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš΄λ™κ°€μΈ Maude Barlow의 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 의견이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
States and multinationals often disagree.
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ꡭ가와 닀ꡭ적 기업은 μ’…μ’… λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Does the way the companies are made protect them from the law?
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 방식이 λ²•μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:22
For instance, a company is based in the United States,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 미ꡭ에 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ 두고
04:27
but it owns several 'subsidiary companies' in another country,
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:32
like China and Russia, that are registered in those countries.
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쀑ꡭ 및 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ™€ 같이 λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가에 λ“±λ‘λœ μ—¬λŸ¬ 'μžνšŒμ‚¬'λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
This kind of structure means the main company is protected from being sued
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가에 μžˆλŠ” μžνšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 더
04:42
because it's harder to sue a parent company
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μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 본사가 μ†Œμ†‘μ„ λ‹Ήν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ λ³΄ν˜Έλœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:45
for the actions of a subsidiary in another country.
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.
04:50
So, what does that actually mean in reality?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:53
Daniel Leader has taken major companies to court.
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Daniel LeaderλŠ” μ£Όμš” νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό λ²•μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ°λ €κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
He explains how hard it is to punish a parent company
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κ·ΈλŠ”
05:01
for the actions of a subsidiary.
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μžνšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ²˜λ²Œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
It is hard. We've had long legal battles
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그것은 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
05:06
that have gone all the way to the Supreme Court,
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05:08
where parent companies try to limit
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
05:11
the principle of parent company liability.
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬ μ±…μž„μ˜ 원칙을 μ œν•œν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ²•μ›κΉŒμ§€ κ°€λŠ” κΈ΄ 법적 싸움을 ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
But, happily, the Supreme Court now has twice rejected
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€ν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ λŒ€λ²•μ›μ€ 이제 λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ±…μž„μ„
05:19
the company's attempt to narrow parent company liability,
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μΆ•μ†Œν•˜λ €λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό 두 번 κΈ°κ°ν•˜κ³ 
05:24
and has in fact unanimously expanded the scope
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 만μž₯일치둜 λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ±…μž„ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
05:27
of parent company liability,
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05:30
and gone so far as to say if a parent company makes a public commitment
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ 감독에 λŒ€ν•΄ 곡개적으둜 μ•½μ†ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
about supervising or assisting its subsidiary and it fails to do so,
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λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ μžνšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것
05:41
that in itself can give rise to legal liability.
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μžμ²΄κ°€ 법적 μ±…μž„μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
It is hard to punish a parent company, but some courts,
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ²˜λ²Œν•˜κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅μ§€λ§Œ
05:48
like the UK Supreme Court,
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영ꡭ λŒ€λ²•μ›κ³Ό 같은 일뢀 법원은 λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ±…μž„μ„
05:51
are doing more to hold parent companies responsible.
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묻기 μœ„ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ·œμΉ™μ„ μœ„λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό
05:54
How effective is the law in dealing with companies that break the rules?
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λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 법은 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ νš¨κ³Όμ μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
05:59
It's getting more effective. It's...
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점점 더 νš¨κ³Όμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은...
06:03
the fundamental problem is you've had corporate impunity for decades,
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근본적인 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 기업이 면책을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
if not longer: corporations have not been held to account
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더 이상은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„ 기업은
06:12
for very serious human rights and environmental abuses.
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맀우 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 인ꢌ κ³Ό ν™˜κ²½ λ‚¨μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ±…μž„μ„ 지지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
But what's increasingly happening is the courts in many jurisdictions
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ
06:22
are saying this is no longer acceptable and they are indicating that
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이것이 더 이상 μš©λ‚©λ  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  있으며
06:26
they are willing to hold parent companies to account
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λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
06:30
for the harms that their subsidiaries have caused.
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μžνšŒμ‚¬λ‘œ 인해 λ°œμƒν•œ 피해에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ±…μž„μ„ 지도둝 ν•  μš©μ˜κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Daniel thinks for many years companies have avoided being punished
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Daniel은 νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 맀우 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 일에 λŒ€ν•œ μ²˜λ²Œμ„ ν”Όν–ˆλ‹€κ³  생각
06:39
for very serious things, but that is changing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 상황이 λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
So, how does a company use its structure to avoid legal responsibility?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 법적 μ±…μž„μ„ ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:49
Well, historically what they've done is
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음, μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 그듀이 ν•œ 일은
06:51
they've hidden behind what's called the 'corporate veil'.
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μ†Œμœ„ 'κΈ°μ—… 베일' 뒀에 μˆ¨μ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
They've said that the subsidiary is the one that's legally responsible
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법적 μ±…μž„μ€ μžνšŒμ‚¬μ—
06:58
and the parent company should have no legal liability
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있고 λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
07:02
at all for what happened.
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λ°œμƒν•œ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 법적 μ±…μž„μ΄ μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
But that is what we were unable...
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€...
07:05
we were able to unpick with the Supreme Court,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ
07:09
where the Supreme Court said, 'Absolutely not.
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'μ ˆλŒ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
We are not going to allow corporations
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨νšŒμ‚¬ μžμ²΄κ°€ 저지λ₯Έ 피해에 μ—°λ£¨λœ 경우 기업이
07:16
to hide behind their structures,
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ꡬ쑰 뒀에 μˆ¨λŠ” 것을 ν—ˆμš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:19
if the parent company itself has been involved
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07:21
in the harm that has been committed.'
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.'
07:24
Something called the 'corporate veil'
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07:27
meant subsidiary companies were the only ones responsible
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07:30
if they broke the law and were the only ones punished.
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법을 μ–΄κΈ°λ©΄ μžνšŒμ‚¬λ§Œ μ±…μž„μ„ 지고 μ²˜λ²Œλ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ '법인 베일'이 μ μš©λλ‹€.
07:34
How is this actually changing?
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이것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:37
Historically, companies have sat back:
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μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 기업듀은 λ’·κ±ΈμŒμ§ˆ μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
they haven't really concerned themselves too much
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그듀은
07:43
about what the working conditions are in factories or in...
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곡μž₯μ΄λ‚˜
07:49
within their subsidiaries. They've just let it happen.
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μžνšŒμ‚¬ λ‚΄μ˜ 근무 쑰건에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ³„λ‘œ 신경을 쓰지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은 단지 그것이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ„λ‘ 내버렀 λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
And they've certainly never felt that they could be held to account.
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그리고 그듀은 μ±…μž„μ„ 질 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚€ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
But what we are seeing is a real change in attitude:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보고 μžˆλŠ” 것은 νƒœλ„μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 기꺼이
08:00
you're getting more and more lawyers willing to take cases,
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사건을 맑을 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ 점점 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§€κ³  있고
08:03
more and more organisations that are monitoring compliance.
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κ·œμ • μ€€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직이 점점 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
He says where once companies felt they could do what they liked,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 기업이 μ›ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  느꼈던 κ³³μ—μ„œ
08:11
now more and more lawyers are willing to fight for your rights
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λŒ€κΈ°μ—…μ— λ§žμ„œ κ·€ν•˜μ˜ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹ΈμšΈ μš©μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:15
against these big companies.
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.
08:18
We've seen how multinational companies can try to use the law
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 닀ꡭ적 기업이
08:22
to force countries to do what they want.
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜λ„λ‘ 법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
But this episode has also shown the power of the law –
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œλŠ” λ˜ν•œ
08:30
and the determination of lawyers –
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08:32
to make sure even these huge corporations follow the rules
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이 κ±°λŒ€ 기업듀도
08:36
that keep us all safe.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ§€ν‚€λŠ” κ·œμΉ™μ„ λ”°λ₯΄λ„둝 ν•˜λŠ” λ²•μ˜ 힘과 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ 결의λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

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