Why we forget the things we learn - 6 Minute English

1,241,066 views ・ 2021-11-18

BBC Learning English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Georgina.
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And I'm Rob.
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Do you have a good memory, Rob?
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Can you remember people's names,
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or where you left your car keys?
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Well, I can remember people's
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faces, but I have a terrible
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memory for names. And sometimes
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I'll be eagerly reading a book
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but then a week later I can't
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remember a single thing about it!
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Well, you're not alone.
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Many people find it hard to
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remember things they've read
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or learned while other,
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sometimes useless, information
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sticks with them.
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In this programme, we'll
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be finding out why we forget
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the things we've learned,
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whether that's someone's name,
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a word in English or where
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you put your wallet.
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But first let me ask you
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my quiz question, Rob - before
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I forget. You and I might
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struggle to remember someone's
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phone number but Chinese student,
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Chao Lu, has a record-breaking
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memory. In 2005, she recited the
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numbers of pi, the mathematical
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equation describing the
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proportions of a circle - but
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how many digits did she manage
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to remember? Was it:
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a) 48,000 b) 68,000 or
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c) 88,000?
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Wow! It sounds like Chao Lu has
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an incredible memory! I'll
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say she remembered
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b) 68,000 digits of pi.
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OK, Rob, let's remember to
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find out the answer at the
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end of the programme.
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OK, will do. Someone like
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Chao Lu might have a
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photographic memory - the
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ability to remember things
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in exact detail, like
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looking at a photograph.
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But for the rest of us,
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things are more complicated.
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Dr Jared Horvath is an
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educational neuroscientist at
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the University of Melbourne.
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According to him there are two
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rules which explain how we
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remember information.
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Listen to Dr Horvath talking
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to BBC World Service programme,
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The Why Factor, and see if you
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can hear the two rules he mentions:
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Rule number one is repetition is key.
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The odds of remembering something
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after a one-off are incredibly slim,
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unless you can immediately link it
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to something you already understand.
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So, my middle name is Cuney, if I
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ever meet someone named Cuney,
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I'll never forget
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that 'cos I have an immediate
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link, but if I meet someone named
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Joe... so a one-off, we all pretty
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much suck at it - unless we focus.
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So then rule two then becomes,
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we remember what we focus on.
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The first rule for remembering is
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repetition. The odds - meaning the
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probability, of remembering
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something are low if you learn
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it as a one-off - something
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that only happens once.
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Dr Horvath's second rule is
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about focus: we remember what
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we focus on. This involves
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making links between new
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information and something
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you already understand.
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These are the most effective
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methods of remembering, and
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most of us suck at - or are
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bad at - other ways of
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remembering things.
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Now, of course, one group
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of people who need good
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memory is students. Do you
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remember cramming for
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school exams, Georgina?
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Ah yes, staying up late
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trying to revise everything
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the night before an exam.
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I remember doing that,
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but it didn't work!
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Yes. Dr Horvath's research
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found that students who cram
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for tests forget around 90%
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of what they studied
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within 72 hours.
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He thinks education shouldn't
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be about trying to cram
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students' heads with facts
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and figures. It should
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involve something more
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meaningful, as he explains
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to BBC World Service's,
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The Why Factor:
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The thing that I like about
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education is its really moving
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from a model of 'just memorise
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as much as you can' into what
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we now call deep learning
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which is, instead of giving
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you a hundred things and I
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just need to know that you
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can remember them, I'm going
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to give you ten things and
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instead of just being able to
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remember them, I want you to
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be able to describe it deeply
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and come up with new ways
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of looking at it.
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Traditionally, education involves
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memorising - learning information
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exactly as it is so that
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you can repeat it later.
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But being able to repeat
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something like a parrot
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doesn't always mean you
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understand it. Dr Horvath advocates
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a technique called deep
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learning - a complete way
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of learning something that
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means you fully understand
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and will not forget it.
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So, remember: repetition,
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focus and deep learning are the
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memory muscles we need. Maybe
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that s how Chinese student,
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Chau Lu, developed her record-breaking
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memory. You do remember your quiz
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question, don't you, Georgina?
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Yes, thank you, Rob - my memory
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isn't that bad! I asked you how
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many digits of the mathematical
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equation, pi, she could remember.
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And I said b) 68,000 digits.
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Which was the correct
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answer! Actually,
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the number was so long it took her
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over 24 hours without a
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break to recite it all!
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Oh Wow! Her brain must have
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be aching after all that. OK,
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let's recap the vocabulary from
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this programme starting with a
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photographic memory which is
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the ability to remember things
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in exact detail, like
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looking at a photograph.
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The odds of something happening
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mean the chances that
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it will happen.
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A one-off is something that
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only happens once.
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To suck at something is an
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informal way to say 'be bad at
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doing something'. It's more
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common in American English.
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If you memorise something, you
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learn it exactly so that
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you can repeat it later.
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And finally, deep learning
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describes a complete way of
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learning something so that you
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fully understand it and
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will not forget it.
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OK, well, that's all from us,
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but don't forget to join us
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again soon for more trending
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topics and top tips to help
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you remember useful and everyday
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English vocabulary. Bye for now!
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Bye!
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