BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Sport' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

196,888 views ・ 2022-08-21

BBC Learning English


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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
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And I’m Sam.
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The Olympic Games happen every four years and the most recent games were held  
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in Tokyo this summer. Did you watch them, Sam?
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Yes, I saw British swimmer,  Adam Peaty, win a gold medal, 
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and my personal favourite was 13-year-old, Sky Brown,  
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competing in an exciting sport
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which was added  to the Olympics this year: skateboarding.
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Olympic athletes inspire people around the world to take on new challenges,
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eat healthily and get fit. So it seems strange that some of the companies that
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sponsor – or pay for - the Olympic Games also sell food and drink which is
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linked to obesity, heart disease and diabetes.
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Tobacco advertising was banned from international sport in 2005
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because of the harmful effects of smoking. But other companies selling
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less-than-healthy products still sponsor big sporting events.
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These could be sugary drinks companies, or others who sell fast food
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– hot food, like hamburgers, that is quick to cook and
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serve but which is often unhealthy.
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In this programme, we’ll be asking whether it’s right for companies selling unhealthy
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products to sponsor sporting events.
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But first it’s time for my quiz question, Sam.
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McDonalds had a long history with the Olympic Games until the company
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ended the partnership ahead of the 2024 games in Paris.
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But why did McDonalds choose to quit? Was it because:
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a) they wanted to change the name of French fries to McFries?
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b) they didn’t want to call their hamburger ‘Le Big Mac’?
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or c) they wanted to be the only company selling cheese for cheeseburgers?
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Hmm, I think maybe it’s a) because they wanted to call French fries McFries.
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OK, Sam, we’ll find out the answer later in the programme.
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Someone who is worried about the relationship between fast food and sport is
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Dr Sandro Demaio. He worked for the World Health Organisation
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specialising in obesity before starting his own public health agency in Australia.
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Here is Dr Demaio speaking with BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain,  
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about the problem with unhealthy brands and food products:
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By having their brand alongside a young person’s favourite sporting hero, on the
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chest of their national team, it does two things. First of all, it
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creates brand attachment, so if you’re a young child you built
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the connection in your mind that basically fast food equals success.
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At the same time it also gives a health halo to that brand.
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Then you start to think in your mind, even subconsciously, that it can’t be that bad…
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You’ve probably heard of ‘brand loyalty’,  
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where people have a favourite brand  
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they always buy, but Dr Demaio is concerned about brand attachment.
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Brand attachment is the emotional connection between humans and brands.
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It goes deeper than loyalty so that people mentally connect a  
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particular company with feelings of winning, being healthy and success.
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The problem comes when these feelings attach to companies that aren’t
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healthy at all. Dr Demaio says this creates a health halo –
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the belief that something is good, like an angel’s halo,  
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even though there is little evidence to support this.
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On the other hand, fast food and fizzy drink companies 
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invest large amounts of money in sport, over 4.5 billion 
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dollars since the 2016 Rio Olympics, much of it supporting athletes around the world.
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Yes, with travel, training and equipment the cost of being 
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an Olympic athlete can be huge.
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And depending on your country and your sport, there may be little financial help.
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Many athletes are desperate for any sponsorship they can 
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get - but does that make it right to promote
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unhealthy eating in return?
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Not according to Dr Demaio, who thinks people should 
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worry about the nutritional value of fast food,  
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as he explained to BBC World Service’s, The Food Chain:
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When we think about foods and beverages of public health concern,
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we tend to start by talking about highly-processed foods, particularly
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ultra-processed foods. These are foods that have been
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really broken down to their kind of basic elements and then
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built up - they’re more products really than foods – you know,
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they’re made in a laboratory not a kitchen.
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Dr Demaio mentions unhealthy foods and beverages – another word for drinks.
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He’s concerned about the public health risk of ultra-processed food –
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foods containing extra ingredients like chemicals, colourings and sweeteners 
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that you wouldn’t add when cooking homemade food.
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A potato, for example, is natural - minimally processed. 
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Bake a potato and it becomes ‘processed’.
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Make French fries and it’s ‘ultra-processed’.
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And speaking of French fries, Neil, what was the answer to your quiz question?
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Yes, I asked Sam the reason behind the  
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decision McDonald’s made not to sponsor the 2024 Paris Olympics.
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And I said it was a) because they wanted to call French fries McFries.
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Which was… the wrong answer, I'm afraid. In fact, McDonald’s wanted to be only company  
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allowed to advertise cheese so it could boost cheeseburger sales.
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This didn’t go down well with officials in France, a country with over a thousand  
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different types of cheese!
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OK, let’s recap the vocabulary from this programme starting with fast food
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– hot food that is quick to cook but may be unhealthy.
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Companies that sponsor sports events, pay for them to happen.
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Brand attachment is a psychological connection between someone and a brand.
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A health halo is the perception that something is healthy for you, even if it’s not.
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Ultra-processed foods are foods containing added 
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artificial ingredients like colourings and preservatives.
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And a beverage is another word for a drink.
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That’s all from us, but if you’d like to find out more about the business,  
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science and culture of food, why not download The Food Chain podcast!
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– it’s updated weekly and available now.
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Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary
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here at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
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Goodbye!
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Dan.
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And I'm Neil.
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Now, Neil, do you like going to live football matches?
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Oh yes, I love it.
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Is it better than watching them on TV?
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Well, you don’t really see as much as you do on TV, 
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but then on TV you don’t really feel the atmosphere. 
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You can’t sing along with the chants and songs at home.
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Well, it’s good you mentioned the songs and chants 
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because that is today’s topic. It seems that for some 
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football clubs, the atmosphere in the stadiums is becoming a bit ‘quiet’.
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Now, before we look at this topic in more detail,  
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here is today’s quiz.
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As we are talking about football, in which decade
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was the first ever international football played?
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Is it a) in the 1870s,
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b) in the 1890s or
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c) in the 1910s.
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I could be wrong but I think it was before the turn of 
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the century, so I’ll say the 1890s.
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Well, we'll see if you're right or not later in the show.  
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Now, songs and chants are part of the experience of football matches.  
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But where do they come from? What are they about?
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Here’s Joe Wilson from BBC Sport.
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Which team name does he mention?
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Some songs can be witty, honed specifically to celebrate 
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a certain player or moment in a club’s history. Others rely 
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more on a hypnotic repetition of syllables. U-NI-TED, for example.
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So, which team does he mention?
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Well, he used the syllables from United. This isn’t one team 
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as there are quite a few professional teams in Britain 
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that have United in their names. In fact, there are over a 
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dozen. Perhaps the most well-known though would be Manchester United.
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I think fans of Welling United might argue with you about 
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that! Anyway, what did Wilson say about the nature of 
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football songs?
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He said they could be witty. Witty means funny but in a 
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clever way. He also said that they could be honed.
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Honed is an interesting word here. Something that is 
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honed is carefully crafted, skilfully created and developed over a period of time.
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When it comes to witty football songs Wilson describes 
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them as being honed to be about a particular player,  
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or a moment in a club’s history. But these aren’t the only kinds 
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of songs. Another kind of song he describes is the hypnotic repetition of syllables.
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Something that is hypnotic repeats again and again – 
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like a magical spell or chant. What’s interesting is that in football songs  
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words can have more syllables than you would expect.
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Oh yes, for example, let’s take England. Two syllables, right?
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Right!
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Wrong! At least in a football stadium it becomes  
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three syllables. Eng – ger – land, Eng – ger – land …
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Alright! Thank you! Let’s listen to Mr Wilson again.
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Some songs can be witty, honed specifically to celebrate 
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a certain player or moment in a club’s history. Others 
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rely more on a hypnotic repetition of syllables.  
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U-NI-TED, for example.
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Now, apparently, in many stadiums, the crowds aren’t 
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singing as much as they used to. Some managers have complained that the fans  
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are too quiet and that this has a negative effect on the players.  
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So what are some of the reasons for this? Here’s BBC Sport’s Joe Wilson again. 
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How many reasons does he mention?
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The decline in singing may be explained by changing demographics in football  
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attendance. Older supporters, more expensive tickets.  
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Or by stadium design. All-seater arenas may
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discourage the instinct to stand up and sing.
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So, what reasons did he give for the decline in singing, 
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for the fact that singing is getting less common.
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He gave a number of reasons. He talked about the change 
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in demographics. 'Demographics' refers to a section of the
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population that do a particular thing. It can refer to age groups or wealth, for example.
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What Wilson says is that the members that make up a 
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football crowd are changing. They are older and wealthier, 
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and perhaps that is a demographic or group  
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that is less likely to sing in public.
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Another reason he gives is that sitting down might also discourage
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people from singing. If something discourages you,
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it makes you not want to do it. Most stadiums in the UK have to have seats
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and maybe singing is something that people feel happier doing
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when they are standing up.
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Well, the final whistle is about to blow on today’s programme.
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Before that though, here’s the answer to our quiz question.
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I asked you when the first international football match took place.
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And I took a guess with the 1890s.
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And that's a red card, I'm afraid, Neil.
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The first international football match took place in the 1870s
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between England and Scotland.
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Oh, come on ref!
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And now, to take us to the whistle, let's review today’s vocabulary.
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The first word we had was 'witty'. A kind of humour that 
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is smart and clever.
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Then we had 'honed for something' that is crafted and improved over time.  
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A bit like my physique. I’ve been honing my body in the gym.
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Really? Are you being witty?
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I wasn’t trying to! Anyhow, we then heard about 'hypnotic' repetition to describe the  
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effect of thousands of people repeating the syllables of a football team over and over 
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and over and over and over and over and over…
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OK, Dan! OK, Dan! We use the phrase 'a decline in' to say 
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that something is getting less.
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'Demographics' refers to a group or section of the population
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that is involved a particular activity. And finally we had
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the verb 'discourage' for something that makes us less likely to do something.
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Well, that is it for this programme. If you’re not interested in football,  
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I hope we didn’t discourage you from listening again!
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Indeed, I hope it doesn’t lead to a decline in our audience. 
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We want to have as wide a demographic as possible.
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So with that in mind, don't forget to find us on Facebook, Twitter,  
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Instagram and YouTube, and, of course, on our website –
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bbclearninenglish.com! Bye bye!
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Goodbye!
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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning  
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English. I’m Neil.
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And I’m Georgina.
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Can you swim, Georgina?
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I can, Neil. I learned to swim as a child and now I enjoy
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swimming for exercise and to relax.
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In the summer hundreds of keen swimmers, like Georgina,  
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head off to swimming pools, lakes and beaches to 
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take a dip – an informal idiom meaning ‘go for a swim’.
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Swimming has many health benefits and since ancient 
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times has been used to promote strength and wellbeing.
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But swimming’s not just about exercise – there’s far more 
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to it beneath the surface as we’ll be finding out
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in this programme on the history of swimming.
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Although evidence suggests that ancient Mediterranean people dived eagerly into  
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temple pleasure pools, lakes and the sea, other cultures  
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have swum against the tide – another swimming idiom there, Neil
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- meaning ‘not to follow what everyone else is doing’.
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Someone who did enjoy swimming was the poet, Lord Byron. He wrote  
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poems popularising the sport and in 1810 swam the Hellespont,
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a stretch of water separating Europe from Asia.
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But in which modern country can the Hellespont be found -
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that’s my quiz question, Georgina.
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Is it: a) Greece,
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b) Cyprus or
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c) Turkey?
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I think Lord Byron visited Istanbul, so I’ll say c) Turkey.
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OK, we’ll find out the answer at the end of the programme. 
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For all its good points, swimming seems to have  
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lost its appeal in Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire.
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According to historian and swimming enthusiast, Professor Kevin Dawson,
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the rise of Christian beliefs discouraged swimming,
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as he explains here to BBC World Service programme, The Forum:
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You have some beliefs that water is this unsafe space, unnatural space
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for human beings… it’s a perpetuation of the chaos that existed before God  
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created land, or that water is a mechanism for punishment like the Great Flood story
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or pharaoh’s army being destroyed in the Red Sea… 
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But then there’s also beliefs that swimming is immodest, I mean,
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most people at the time swam nude and so church officials discouraged
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swimming because they felt that it lead to immodest behaviour.
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As well as being considered unsafe or chaotic, swimming 
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was seen as immodest – shocking because it shows too much of the body.
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This was because most people at the time swam nude – naked, without clothes.
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Another place with a long history of swimming is the 
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remote Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean.
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In the Maldives, access to shallow, warm sea-water lakes called lagoons  
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makes it an unbeatable place for swimming.
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But even on a tropical island, things haven’t always gone swimmingly,
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as diver and Maldives resident, Mikael Rosen,
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told BBC World Service programme, The Forum:
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Listen for the reason Mikael gives for the change in 
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people’s attitudes to swimming in the Maldives:
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Most citizens of the Maldives have half a mile to a lukewarm lagoon.
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Given that,
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they could be world leading in swimming,  but in the 1960s the government recruited  
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a lot of teachers from India, Sri Lanka. They didn’t know anything about
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the water culture and they noticed that the young students playing hooky –
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they were in the lagoons,
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and swimming soon got frowned upon, but now the government and the local  
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organisations – they try to reclaim swimming.
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Did you hear the reason Mikael gave, Neil?
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Yes, he said that young students were playing hooky to 
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go swimming in the lagoons. Play hooky is an informal 
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way of saying ‘stay away from school without permission’.
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Right, and that meant swimming quickly got frowned upon, 
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or disapproved of.
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It seems a bit unfair since there was already a strong 
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culture of swimming in the Maldives  
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which the arriving teachers didn’t fully appreciate.
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Well, I know which I’d rather do – sit in a classroom or 
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swim in a warm tropical lagoon!
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Swimming, right? But then you would never have learned about Lord Byron…
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Yes, in your quiz question you asked me about Lord Byron
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swimming the Hellespont, a stretch of water separating Europe from Asia.
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I asked you in which country the Hellespont can be found. 
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Is it: a) Greece, b) Cyprus
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or c) Turkey? What did you say?
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I said c) Turkey. Was I right?
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Yes, you were, Georgina! The Hellespont, also known as 
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the Straits of Dardanelles, is a six-kilometre-wide stretch 
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of water in Turkey.
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Let’s recap the vocabulary from this programme on 
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swimming, which some people informally call taking a dip.
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Someone who 'swims against the tide' refuses to do what everyone else is doing.
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In the past, swimming was considered 'immodest' -
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shocking because it showed too much of the body.
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Another word for naked or not wearing any clothes is 'nude'.
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Children who 'play hooky' stay away from school without permission.
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And finally, if something is 'frowned upon' it’s disapproved of.
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That’s all for our dive into the deep end of the vocabulary 
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of swimming. As we’ve discovered, there’s plenty of 
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idioms and expressions relating to swimming and water!
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17:52
And check us out on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
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Don’t forget – we have an app too, which you can download for free
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from the app stores. We help you learn English on the move.
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Grammar, vocabulary, and interesting topics – we have them all!
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Visit our website! Get the app! Bye for now!
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Goodbye!
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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. 
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I’m Neil.
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And I’m Sam.
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We all know that sport is  great for our health - and if 
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you’re talented it can make you rich.
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Many great champions have found a way out of poverty through their sporting  
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ability – think of someone like footballer Maradona.
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18:36
But in today’s programme we’re not looking at the  
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superstars. Instead we’ll discuss how sport can change the lives of 
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young people from some of the poorest, toughest backgrounds on earth.
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18:46
And, of course, we’ll be
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learning some new vocabulary on the way.
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Many projects around the world use sports to change children's’ lives
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- improving mental health, challenging stereotypes and giving hope.
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Among them is the Ebony Club in Brixton which uses sport to help young people
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in London’s most disadvantaged communities – but which sport?
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That’s my quiz question.
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Is it: a) golf,
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b) tennis or c) horse riding?
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Well, I can’t imagine there’s enough space for golf and horse riding in the city, so
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I’ll say b) tennis.
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OK, we’ll find out the answer later.
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19:22
Just now we were talking about London but sporting projects like the Ebony Club
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are happening all over the world. In Cape Town, South Africa, British surfer
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Tim Conibear noticed how kids from poor townships hardly ever went to the beach.
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So, he started giving them free surfing lessons.
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Tim founded the ‘Waves for Changes’ project and now hundreds of kids go along each week
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to get “surfing therapy”. Not only is surfing giving them a buzz,
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it's helping to improve their life chances.
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Here he is, talking to the BBC World Service programme People Fixing the World:
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Surfing also is quite difficult so you’re learning a very challenging skill, which
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takes a lot of confidence. And these very small successes which children have when they
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go into the water elicit a really big emotional response. If you come from a
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background of trauma quite often you’ll have a negative self-image
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20:15
and being able to try something new, achieve something new,
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be recognised by a coach or a mentor is very very good for your confidence as well.
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20:23
Most of the surfers have experienced trauma – emotional 
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pain and shock caused by very distressing experiences.
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This has given them a negative self-image – the way 
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a person feels about themselves, their ability, personality 
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20:38
and value.
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Surfing helps kids improve their self-image because it’s  
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20:42
challenging - difficult in a way that tests your ability and determination.
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20:47
So challenging, in fact,  
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that the children have a mentor –a trusted advisor who gives help  
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20:53
and support to a younger or less experienced person.
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Tim believes that the concentration needed to surf makes 
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the children’s other problems disappear - at least for a short time.
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And the results so far have been optimistic, with a 
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21:08
significant reduction in violent behaviour reported 
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among Cape Town’s young surfers.
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Surfing is quite well-known in South Africa. But what 
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21:16
happens when you take a completely unknown sport 
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into one of the least developed countries on earth?
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21:21
In 2007, Australian Oliver Percovich was travelling
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in Afghanistan with his skateboard. The children there 
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were fascinated so he started showing them how to skate.
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The idea grew and a few years later he founded the organisation  
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‘Skateistan’ giving free skateboard lessons to children aged five to seventeen,  
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with a focus on those with disabilities, from low-income backgrounds and
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especially, girls.
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Here’s ‘Skateistan’ volunteer, Jessica Faulkner, explaining how skateboarding reinforces positive educational 
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messages which Afghan kids don’t always get at home.
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There’s a few things that skateboarding does as a kind of function. It is really quite  
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challenging – it’s not an easy sport for anyone whether you’re young or old.
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22:08
And that means that it also teaches quite a lot of life skills. You have to fall 
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22:12
off a skateboard quite a lot of times before you get better 
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and it really helps children with things like goal setting
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and resilience and determination.
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Also, and really importantly, we do believe that children should have fun.
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Like surfing, skateboarding is challenging and difficult.  
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22:29
It requires effort and Jessica believes this teaches children important life skills
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22:34
– the basic skills needed to solve problems commonly encountered in everyday life.
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One important life skill is goal setting – deciding 
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what things you want to achieve and how you plan to achieve them.
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Along with other skills like determination and resilience, 
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this helps kids improve their outlook on life.
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And to experience one of the most important things – having fun!
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22:58
Which reminds me about the kids at the Ebony Club and 
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my quiz question.
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23:03
Remember that I asked you which sport the club uses to support
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23:06
disadvantaged children in London.
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Yes, and I said, b) tennis.
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But, in fact, it’s c) horse riding - a sport normally associated with the elite.
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23:16
In this episode, we’ve been discussing how sport can help  
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23:19
improve the life chances of young people from tough backgrounds,  
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23:23
many of whom have suffered trauma – severe emotional pain and distress.
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23:28
Such pain damages a child’s self-image – how they see 
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23:32
and value themselves in the world.
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23:34
This can be improved by taking part in sports, like surfing, skating and  
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23:38
horse riding, which are challenging –demanding and testing of your abilities.
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Often kids are supported by a mentor – a trusted,  
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23:47
more experienced friend who can offer help and advice.
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23:50
And with this support they learn life skills – basic skills  
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23:55
everyone needs to cope with everyday problems.
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23:58
One important skill is goal setting – deciding what you 
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24:01
want to accomplish and planning how to do it.
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24:04
And, of course, sometimes the most important goal is just to have fun!
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24:09
That’s all we have time for. Join us again soon 
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24:12
as we discuss more topical issues. Bye for now!
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24:14
Bye!
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24:21
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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24:24
Hello. I'm Catherine.
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24:25
And if I say to you, Catherine, fortnight, what do you think of?
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24:29
Well, that’s easy, Neil. A fortnight is a period of two weeks.
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24:34
Well, fortnight, spelt f-o-r-t-n-i-g-h-t, is indeed a period 
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24:41
of two weeks. But Fortnite, spelt F-o-r-t-n-i-t-e, is an online computer  
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24:48
game that has become incredibly popular in a very short period of time.
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24:53
As well as popular, it’s also very competitive. And 
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24:57
you're soon going to be able to make big money playing 
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25:00
it and you can even hire people to be your Fortnite coach.
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Well, before we hear a little more about this topic, it’s time 
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for our quiz. These days we play computer games on our phones,
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25:13
we can hold them in our hands. In 1950, Bertie the Brain was the name of one of
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25:19
the very first computer games. It played a simple game of noughts and crosses,
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25:22
also called tic-tac-toe. But how tall was this computer?
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25:27
Was it… a) one metre tall;
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2011
25:30
b) about four metres tall
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25:33
or c) about ten metres tall?
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25:37
Well, if it was the 1950s, computers were huge, so I’m going to go for ten metres.
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25:43
OK. Well, we’ll find out if you’re right at the end of the programme.  
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25:47
eSports or computer games competitions are now a thing. In some markets
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25:52
they are huge and they are even discussing including them in the Olympic Games.
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25:56
Kyle Jackson is a 13-year-old gamer who's been asked to join a team.
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26:01
How long does he say he's been playing video games?
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26:05
I’ve played video games all my life, basically. I started playing competitively when I was
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26:10
around nine or ten. I got into like Halo, Call of Duty, games like that. And I just…
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26:17
I realised that I could probably like go to a pro (professional) level, if I keep playing
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26:22
at the level I am
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26:23
He said that he's been playing computer games all his life. Now that might be a little
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26:29
exaggeration, but he’s probably been playing them ever since he can remember.
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26:34
When he was nine or ten he started playing competitively, which means he started
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26:39
playing in competitions against other people.
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26:42
He talks about a number of games that he got into. This is a good expression.
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26:47
If you 'are into' something you are very interested in it and to 'get into' something
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26:51
describes the process of becoming interested in that thing.
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26:55
In Kyle's case, it was computer games and he got so 
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26:59
good that he's thinking about playing at a professional level. Doing something as a  
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27:04
professional means that it's more than a hobby or pastime.  
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27:08
It’s something someone pays you to do because you are really good at it.
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27:13
George Yao is a former gaming champion who is now
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27:17
Director of Media of Team Secret. Team Secret are like a regular sports team.
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27:22
They have a group of players who play matches and competitions against
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27:26
other teams. Except these are not regular sports. These are eSports and they are
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27:31
big business. Here’s George Yao.
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27:34
It’s becoming a multi-billion-dollar industry:  
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27:37
just games, production of games, publishing of games and the 
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27:41
eSports scene. So it's not just one thing now, it’s a whole industry.
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27:47
So George Yao says that online gaming is becoming a 
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27:50
multi-billion-dollar industry. We usually think of industry as  
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27:55
factories and manufacturing. But it can also apply to other areas as well  
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28:00
that involve a lot of different elements that come together to make a business.
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28:05
Different elements that he mentions as part of this 
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industry are creating games, publishing games and the eSports scene.  
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28:12
The word 'scene' here refers to the world of eSports: the events,
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28:16
the competitions and the players. And many people want to be part of that 
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28:20
scene. Right, now, let’s get the answer to our  
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28:23
quiz question about the size of that 1950s computer game. 
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28:28
Was it… a) one metre tall; b) four metres tall or c) ten metres tall?
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28:33
What did you say, Catherine?
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28:34
I went for ten metres, Neil.
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28:35
Well, unfortunately it was four metres.
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Still quite big though –  imagine you couldn't get those 
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in your pocket, could you?
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I'd rather not! But I would like to review today's vocabulary.
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28:46
We started off with the word for  
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28:48
a period of two weeks - a fortnight. But with a  
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28:52
different spelling, Fortnite is also a very popular video game.
471
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28:56
Multi-player video game competitions which people pay 
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29:00
to go and watch are known as eSports. Playing against other people is
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29:05
playing competitively.
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29:07
Do you like to play multi-player video games, Catherine?
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29:10
I've never really got into them even though I've tried one or two.
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29:13
And that was one of our other expressions, 'to get into something'
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29:17
– to become really interested in something.
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29:20
Same here, I enjoy playing a little bit but I could never be a professional.
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29:24
I couldn’t get paid to do it as a job.
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29:26
Of course not, you’re already a professional broadcaster, Neil.
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29:30
An area of business that is made up of different parts can be described as an
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29:35
industry. The video game industry is a multi-billion-dollar business.
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29:40
And we also talk about, 
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29:42
for example, the fashion industry and the movie industry.
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29:46
And finally there was the word 'scene'. This noun is used 
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29:49
to describe the world of a particular activity.
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29:53
So the eSport scene, for example, is the world of eSports. 
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29:58
The games, the teams, the competition, the audiences. 
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30:02
It’s all part of the scene.
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30:04
Well, that’s all from the 6 Minute English scene today. 
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30:08
Do join us again, but if you can’t wait, you can find us on Facebook,  
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30:12
Twitter, Instagram and YouTube, and of course
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30:14
on our website bbclearningenglish.com. Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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Goodbye!
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About this website

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