Understanding the US Elections

356,912 views ใƒป 2016-10-25

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
00:02
Welcome back to www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:04
I'm Adam.
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็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:05
Today we're going to talk about "The American Election".
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
Now, if you live anywhere in the world, it's very hard to escape hearing about what's going
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใง ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃ
00:16
on in America.
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ใงใ™.
00:17
The elections are coming up, everybody's talking about it.
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้ธๆŒ™ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
00:20
They're using a lot of new words, a lot of complicated words that you might not be familiar
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใชใ˜ใฟใฎใชใ„่ค‡้›‘ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
00:26
with, so we're going to talk about this.
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ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:28
I'll explain to you a little bit how it works.
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ใใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ”่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
I'll explain to you some of the words you're going to hear commonly.
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ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:35
And keep in mind that although it's a bit more for advanced students because I have
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00:41
a lot to say about all this, there's a lot of new information here, but even if you're
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่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠ็ดš่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚
00:46
a beginner, lots of new words, lots of good words that are everyday words.
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ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ ่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใใ‚Œใฏๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:51
If you watch CNN ever, you're going to hear some of these words because CNN loves to talk
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CNN ใฏ้ธๆŒ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใ€CNN ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:56
about the election.
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ใ€‚
00:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:58
So let's get into some of this, and we'll see where we go.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใคใ‹่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:02
First of all we're going to start with the two parties.
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ใพใš ใ€2 ใคใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
Okay?
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01:05
So, America is essentially a two-party system.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฏๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซไบŒๅคงๆ”ฟๅ…šๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
You have the Republicans and you have the Democrats.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šๅ“ก ใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
Now, that doesn't mean there aren't other parties.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไป–ใฎๅฝ“ไบ‹่€…ใŒใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:16
In fact, there are many parties in America, but usually they don't get many votes, and
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซใฏๅคšใใฎๆ”ฟๅ…šใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅคšใใฎ็ฅจใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใใ€
01:22
maybe even...
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ... ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆ”ฟๅ…š
01:23
Not even 1% of the total vote for all the little parties.
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ใฎ็ทๆŠ•็ฅจๆ•ฐใฎ 1% ใซใ‚‚ๆบ€ใŸใชใ„ .
01:27
Now, you can also have a third-party candidate, meaning somebody who wants to run by him or
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€็ฌฌไธ‰่€…ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Š่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใง็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœใ—ใŸใ„ไบบใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
01:34
herself with his or her own money.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:38
Because the Republicans and the Democrats give money to their candidates to run a campaign.
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ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šใจๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…š ใŒ้ธๆŒ™้‹ๅ‹•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซ่ณ‡้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:44
I'm going to go over all these words, so not to worry.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:47
So, first let's start with the Republicans.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:50
They're sometimes called the GOP.
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GOP ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
You're going to hear this often.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:54
This is just a nickname, it means "Grand Old Party."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใงใ€ ใ€ŒGrand Old Partyใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
I should make this a little bit bigger.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคงใใใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซ ใ€‚
02:03
Grand Old Party.
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ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€‚
02:04
It's just a nickname given to them a long, long time ago.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใšใฃใจๆ˜”ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ใ ๅใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
02:07
In fact, both of these parties are over 150 years old, and they have won every election
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ”ฟๅ…šใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ 150 ๅนดไปฅไธŠใฎๆญดๅฒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜”ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใงๅ‹ๅˆฉใ—ใฆ
02:13
since way back when.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
And what they do is they often switch.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€้ ป็นใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Sometimes they'll go on a streak, like the Democrats will win a bunch of elections, the
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ๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šใŒไธ€้€ฃใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใง
02:24
Republicans will win a bunch of elections.
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ๅ‹ๅˆฉใ—ใ€ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šใŒ ไธ€้€ฃใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใงๅ‹ๅˆฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้€ฃๅ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
Sometimes they'll switch back and forth every election.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ้ธๆŒ™ใ”ใจใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
It depends on the season, depends on the mindset of Americans.
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ๅญฃ็ฏ€ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:34
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:35
So here we have the two Democrats.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ไบบใฎๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
Now, the campaign, the...
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ธๆŒ™ๆˆฆใ€ใใฎ
02:40
The attempt to run for office...
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โ€ฆ ็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœใฎ่ฉฆใฟโ€ฆ
02:42
Okay?
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ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
02:43
So, "running for office" means trying to become president.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
So what happens is they start their campaign.
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ใใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
A "campaign" is an organized effort to reach a goal.
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ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ€ใจใฏใ€ ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ต„็น”็š„ใชๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
02:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:56
You have an advertisement campaign, you have a sales campaign.
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ๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณ ใ€่ฒฉๅฃฒใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
It's basically something organized with a target to reach by the end of it.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹็›ฎๆจ™ใง็ต„็น”ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
03:04
In this case, the target is the presidency of the United States.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใฏ ็ฑณๅ›ฝใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
So, this campaign usually starts well over a year before the actual election.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใฎ 1 ๅนดไปฅไธŠๅ‰ใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Before they can vote for a president, each party must present a candidate.
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ๅ„ๆ”ฟๅ…šใฏๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:22
A "candidate" is the person that the American people will vote for in November, Democrat
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ใ€Œๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใŒ 11 ๆœˆใซๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…š
03:28
or Republican.
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ใพใŸใฏๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
But before you have a candidate for each party, each party has nominees.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ„ๆ”ฟๅ…šใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ใ€ๅ„ๆ”ฟๅ…šใซๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
A "nominee" is the potential candidate, people who are chosen to try to become the candidate.
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ใ€ŒใƒŽใƒŸใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ใฏๆฝœๅœจ็š„ใชๅ€™่ฃœ่€… ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใชใ‚ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้ธใฐใ‚ŒใŸไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:42
You could have three, four, five, 15.
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3 ใคใ€ 4 ใคใ€5 ใคใ€15 ใคใ€ใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
03:45
It doesn't matter.
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ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜
03:46
Whoever wants to try to be president can try.
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ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
Now, what they do, all these nominees, they go all over the country and they try to win delegates.
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฏ ใ€ๅ…จๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใใ€ไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:57
I'll explain "delegates" in a second.
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:59
So what they're trying to do is become the candidate for their party, they go around,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅ…šใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚Š
04:04
they have a campaign, they give speeches, they put TV and radio advertisements, they
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ใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใฎๅบƒๅ‘Šใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใ€
04:10
do all kinds of things so the people will vote for them.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™.
04:14
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:15
Now, what they do is they go to each state and they have a primary or a caucus.
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ„ๅทžใซ่กŒใ ใ€ไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใพใŸใฏๅ…šๅ“ก้›†ไผšใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
Basically, this is like an election, but it's state by state.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ธๆŒ™ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅทžใ”ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Each state votes for the nominees of their choice for each party.
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ๅ„ๅทž ใฏใ€ๅ„ๆ”ฟๅ…šใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
So in one state the primary for Republicans will be voted on only by Republicans, people
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅทžใงใฏใ€ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šใฎไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใฏใ€ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šๅ“ก
04:41
who have joined the party, people who have registered as Republicans.
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ใ€ๅ…šใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸไบบใ€… ใ€ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šๅ“กใจใ—ใฆ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใŸไบบใ€…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฎใฟๆŠ•็ฅจใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
The other side is Democrats.
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ๅๅฏพๅดใฏๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šใงใ™ใ€‚
04:47
Now, a "caucus" is a little bit more confusing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ…šๅ“ก้›†ไผšใ€ใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:50
A "primary" is just a straight vote: "Here's who I want", check, vote,
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ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒžใƒชใƒผใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆŠ•็ฅจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ€
04:54
and the winner is the winner.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹่€…ใŒๅ‹่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:56
"Caucus" is a little bit confusing.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใ€ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:58
Even Americans don't really know what a caucus is except in the states where they have a
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใงใ•ใˆใ€ๅ…šๅ“ก้›†ไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅทžใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ๅ…šๅ“ก้›†ไผšใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:03
caucus, but basically a caucus is more like a discussion.
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ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅ…šๅ“ก้›†ไผš ใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
05:07
You don't have a checkbox necessarily, you discuss and you say who you want to be your candidate.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่ญฐ่ซ– ใ—ใฆใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ไบบใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
But essentially, it's the same idea.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
Each state votes for the nominee of their choice, and then the winner of this vote gets delegates.
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ๅ„ๅทžใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ้ธใ‚“ใ ๅ€™่ฃœ ่€…ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆŠ•็ฅจใฎๅ‹่€…ใŒไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
A "delegate" is a representative of that state, and that delegate or delegates, depending...
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ใ€Œไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใ€ใฏใใฎๅทžใฎไปฃ่กจใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใพใŸใฏไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใฏใ€็Šถๆณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ...
05:33
Each state has different numbers of delegates, they will go to the convention in July for
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ๅ„ๅทžใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ•ฐใฎไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใŒใŠใ‚Š ใ€7 ๆœˆใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ”ฟๅ…šใ”ใจใซๅคงไผšใซๅ‡บๅธญใ—
05:39
each party.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
So the Democratic convention and the Republican convention.
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ๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šๅคงไผš ใจๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šๅคงไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:43
A "convention" is basically a very big meeting.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชไผš่ญฐใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Another word for it is "conference".
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ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€Œไผš่ญฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:50
So it's a huge meeting, and all the delegates from all the states, all the representatives
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคง่ฆๆจกใชไผš่ญฐใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅทžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไปฃ่กจ
05:56
come to the convention and vote for the nominee who got the most votes in the primaries.
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่€…ใŒๅคงไผšใซๅ‡บๅธญ ใ—ใ€ไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎ็ฅจใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:04
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:05
Now, once you have a winning nominee, like you have a...
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06:09
Let's say you had your 10 nominees and then after the primaries, one person got enough
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10 ไบบใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใŒใ„ใฆ ใ€ไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใฎๅพŒใ€1 ไบบใŒๅๅˆ†ใช
06:15
votes.
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็ฅจใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:17
So there are a total number of delegates, whoever has more than half of those delegates
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใฎ็ทๆ•ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใงๅ‹ใฃ ใŸไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใฎๅŠๅˆ†ไปฅไธŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ
06:23
that they won in the primary becomes the party's candidate.
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ใŒๅ…šใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:28
And the candidates then run for office.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€… ใฏๅ…ฌ่ทใซ็ซ‹ๅ€™่ฃœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
Then they...
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
06:32
The candidates fight each other, and in November, all the American people can choose one candidate
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... ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ๅŒๅฃซใŒๆˆฆใ„ใ€11ๆœˆใซ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใŒ1ไบบใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซ้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:39
to be president.
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ใ€‚
06:41
Now, what happens is that they all want to take out the incumbent.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š† ใ€็พ่ท่€…ใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:45
Now, "incumbent" means in office now.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็พ่ทใ€ใจ ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅœจ่ทไธญใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็คพ้•ทใงใ‚ใ‚‹
06:50
It doesn't have to be the president.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:51
It could be anything, in any position of authority, the person who has that position now is called
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๆจฉ้™ใฎ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐไฝใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็พๅœจใใฎๅœฐไฝใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบ
06:57
the incumbent.
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ใฏ็พ่ท่€…ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
So, the incumbent president of America right now is Barack Obama.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็พ่ทๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ ใฏใƒใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒปใ‚ชใƒใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:04
In January, there will be a new president sworn in.
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1 ๆœˆใซ ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใŒๅฐฑไปปใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:08
That's actually a good word.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸใซ่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
"Sworn in" means become official.
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ใ€Œๅฎฃ่ช“ใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:15
Put your hand on the Bible...
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่–ๆ›ธใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„... ๅทฆๆ‰‹
07:17
I guess you would raise your left hand.
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ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:18
Or no, left hand on the Bible, right hand up: "I swear to be the best president I can possibly be."
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ใพใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใˆใ€่–ๆ›ธใฎๅทฆๆ‰‹ใ€ๅณๆ‰‹ใ‚’ไธŠใซ๏ผšใ€Œ็ง ใฏใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:25
Now, the incumbent can serve a term of four years, and then there's another election.
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็พๅœจใ€็พ่ท่€…ใฏ 4 ๅนดใฎไปปๆœŸใ‚’ๅ‹™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
A president can only serve two terms, eight years, and then he, in the future, possibly
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใฏ 2 ๆœŸ 8 ๅนดใ—ใ‹ๅ‹™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใš ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ๅฝผใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
07:40
she, will have to move and let the new president take over.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆ ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„.
07:46
So where are we?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:47
So right now we have candidates.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅ€™่ฃœใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
We have the Republican candidate, we have the Democratic candidate.
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ๅ…ฑๅ’Œๅ…šๅ€™่ฃœ ใจๆฐ‘ไธปๅ…šๅ€™่ฃœใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:53
And then after the primaries where they fight the other nominees, they start fighting each
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไป–ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใจๆˆฆใ†ไบˆๅ‚™้ธๆŒ™ใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ไบ’ใ„ใซๆˆฆใ„ๅง‹ใ‚
07:58
other and they have a presidential campaign.
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ใ€ ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜้ธๆŒ™ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™.
08:00
Now, you can have a negative campaign, you can have a positive campaign.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณ ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚‚ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:05
A "negative campaign" is when you're attacking the other candidate.
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไป–ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:09
A "positive campaign" is when you're just talking about what you're going to do.
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ใ€Œใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ€ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:13
What are you going to do for this country?
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ใ“ใฎๅ›ฝใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:15
What is your platform?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:18
So your "platform", basically is your beliefs on how to run the country.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใ€ๅ›ฝใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฟกๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
08:24
What are you going to do for the economy?
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็ตŒๆธˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:25
What are you going to do for foreign policy?
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ๅค–ไบคๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:27
What are you going to do for security?
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ใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:29
All these things that you have in mind, all these promises you're going to make create
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆ ใฎใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็ด„ๆŸใฏ
08:34
your platform.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™.
08:35
So a positive campaign focuses on the platform, a negative campaign attacks the other candidate.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใฏไป–ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
So some...
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08:44
Some candidates don't try to win because they're good.
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ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฎไธญ ใซใฏใ€ๅ„ช็ง€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆๅ‹ใจใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
They try to win by making the other candidate look bad.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ไป–ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใ‚’ๆ‚ชใใ—ใฆๅ‹ใจใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:51
That's one way to do it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†1ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:53
Now, the delegates.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปฃ่ญฐๅ“กใ€‚
08:55
So, the delegates, they represent each state.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฏ ๅ„ๅทžใ‚’ไปฃ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Now, there is something called super delegates.
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็พๅœจใ€ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
"Super delegates" are basically representatives of the party who can choose for any nominee
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ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ‡ใƒชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใ€ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซใ€ไปปๆ„ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ…šใฎไปฃ่กจ่€…
09:07
that they want.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:09
So sometimes they help, sometimes it doesn't make a difference.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅŠนๆžœใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
Next, after the convention the campaign begins and now you're going to hear rhetoric.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅคงไผšใฎๅพŒใซใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณ ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:19
"Rhetoric" is technically the art of persuasion.
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ใ€Œใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใฏๆŠ€่ก“็š„ ใซใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:25
Okay?
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09:25
So, rhetoric is how you speak, how you try to convince people to believe what you are saying.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
So, some candidates are very good with their rhetoric, some are not; but some have good
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฏใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ้žๅธธใซๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฏใใ†ใง ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
09:40
background, good experience, some do not.
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ใ€่‰ฏใ„่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚„ ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใซใฏ
09:42
Sometimes you only need to be a good speaker to become president.
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—ไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:47
You don't have to be very smart, you don't have to be very qualified.
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้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅฟ…่ฆ ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€่ณ‡ๆ ผใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:50
You just need to have good rhetoric, you need to know how to speak to the people and convince
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่‰ฏใ„ใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†่ชฌๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
09:55
them to vote for you.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:57
Now, part of rhetoric is called spin.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎไธ€้ƒจใฏ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:01
So, "spin", so every...
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10:03
Nobody's perfect, let's admit, there's no perfect candidate, no perfect human being,
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ๅฎŒ็’งใชๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚„ๅฎŒ็’งใชไบบ้–“ใชใฉๅญ˜ๅœจใ—
10:08
so sometimes some...
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10:09
The negative attack, the negative campaign will say something bad about a candidate.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:15
A smart candidate or a very powerful candidate will spin that story, they will take a bad
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่ณขใ„ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใ‚„้žๅธธใซๆœ‰ๅŠ›ใชๅ€™่ฃœ่€… ใฏใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’็ดกใŽๅ‡บใ—ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„
10:21
story, spin it, and make it look good.
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็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’็ดกใ„ใงใ€ ่ฆ‹ๆ „ใˆใ‚’่‰ฏใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
And the people, the professionals who know how to do this are called "spin doctors".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถ ใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™.
10:31
So, every candidate has a bunch of people working with him or her that know how to take
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใฏใ€
10:36
every bad attack, spin it, and make it look like a good thing about their candidate.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ‚ชใ„ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž่ปขใ• ใ›ใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ„ใพใ™.
10:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:42
It's all part of rhetoric.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:44
Next, you're going to hear a lot about polls, p-o-l-l, pronounced: "pole".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ€p-o-l-l (ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒซใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณ) ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
A "poll" is basically, like, a survey.
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ใ€ŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซใ€่ชฟๆŸปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:54
It's a collection of opinions.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒณใพใจใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:57
It can be a noun or a verb.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:59
"A poll" means the number or the survey itself and what's...
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ใ€Œไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฟๆŸป่‡ชไฝ“ใจใใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
11:03
This guy got 54%, this guy got 46%, whatever.
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ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏ 54% ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ ็”ทใฏ 46% ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:08
"To poll" means to actually ask people what they think.
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ใ€ŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š› ใซไบบใ€…ใซใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
11:12
"Who are you going to vote for?"
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
11:14
Okay, 30% said this, 20% said that, 50% said that.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€30% ใŒใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€20% ใŒใใ† ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€50% ใŒใใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:19
So there's...
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11:19
Every day there's a new poll.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆ
ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆŠ•็ฅจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
For some people polls are very important, for some people they mean nothing because
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:27
on the Election Day the polls...
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€้ธๆŒ™ๆ—ฅใซใฏไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
11:31
The only poll that matters is the one at the ballot box.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:36
That's the day that the voters cast a ballot.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆœ‰ๆจฉ่€…ใŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
11:39
"Cast a ballot" means vote.
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ใ€ŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:42
Go into the room, check, box, done.
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚
11:46
You cast your ballot.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
You voted.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:48
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:49
But there are always swing voters.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐๆœ‰ๆจฉ่€…ใฏๅธธใซใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:54
"Swing", you know like when you were a little child, you sat down on a tree, and you go
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ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐใ•ใช ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ๆœจใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€
11:58
back and forth, and back and forth.
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่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ€่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:00
So swing voters.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ‰ๆจฉ่€…ใ‚’ๆบใ•ใถใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:02
"Swing voters" are the people who the polls don't apply to.
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ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐๆœ‰ๆจฉ่€…ใ€ใฏ ใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
These are the people who decide at the ballot box.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ๆŠ•็ฅจ็ฎฑใงๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:13
Before...
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12:13
One week before they didn't know who they're going to vote for, one day before maybe they
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ๅ‰...
่ชฐใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ 1 ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 1 ๆ—ฅๅ‰
12:18
didn't know who they were going to vote for.
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ใฏ่ชฐใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
12:19
So they go in, that day they decide.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใฎ ๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
So the polls or the "pollsters", the people who conduct polls, they have no idea what
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ‚„ใ€Œไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปๅ“กใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
12:29
these people think.
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ใ€‚
12:31
And these people have a huge influence on who becomes president.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไบบใ€…ใฏ ่ชฐใŒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:36
Because you don't know what they're going to do, so the campaigns, they can't even target
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใ‚„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ
12:42
advertising towards them, they can't use rhetoric because they don't know what these people think.
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ๅ‘ใ‘ใŸๅบƒๅ‘Šใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็ตžใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใšใ€ใƒฌใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:47
They're not part of the polls.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:50
And then you watch CNN, ABC, NBC, you watch all the news channels and every day, all day
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ใใ—ใฆใ€CNNใ€ABCใ€NBCใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€
12:56
you hear the pundits.
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ไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:58
"Pundits" are experts in one...
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ใ€Œ่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถใ€ใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใงใ™
13:01
In whatever field they work for.
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...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅˆ†้‡Žใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
13:04
So they come on TV, they say: "Oh, I think this is going to happen.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใซๅ‡บใฆใ€ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
Oh, I think this is good, this is bad.
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13:09
Why, why not", etc.
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13:11
So, pundits are experts who are asked for and who give their opinion, usually on TV,
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้€šๅธธใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใชใฉใงๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ™
13:18
radio, etc.
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ใ€‚
13:20
Then there's always the lobby groups.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅธธใซใƒญใƒ“ใƒผ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
Lobby groups or sometimes lobbyists.
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ใƒญใƒ“ใƒผๅ›ฃไฝ“ใ€ ๆ™‚ใซใฏใƒญใƒ“ใ‚คใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
13:26
A "lobby group" is an organized group of people, sometimes it's a company, a whole company
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ใ€Œใƒญใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใจใฏใ€็ต„็น”ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใ€…ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใ‚„ไผš็คพๅ…จไฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
13:32
who try to influence other people.
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ใพใ™.
13:35
So, a lot of these lobbies, they try to give money to the candidates.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒญใƒ“ใƒผใฎๅคšใใฏ ใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:40
They are donors.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
13:43
A "donor" is a person who gives money for the campaign.
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ใ€Œๅฏ„ไป˜่€…ใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใฎใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅฏ„ไป˜ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
13:46
And these lobbyists try to influence politics.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒญใƒ“ใ‚คใ‚นใƒˆใฏ ๆ”ฟๆฒปใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:50
They go to the candidate and they say: "Okay, if you vote for this bill, I will help you
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๆณ•ๆกˆใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
13:56
with that bill or I will give you money, or I will do something for you."
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ใใฎๆณ•ๆกˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:00
There's a lot of politics involved in politics as it were.
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ใ„ใ‚ใฐๆ”ฟๆฒปใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคšใ ใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:06
Next, now we come to Election Day.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ้ธๆŒ™ๆ—ฅใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
Now, how does...?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†โ€ฆ๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใง
14:10
How do the elections work in America?
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ใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹?
14:12
There's something called an Electoral College, as opposed to the popular vote.
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ไธ€่ˆฌๆŠ•็ฅจใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใซใ€้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:22
So, the "popular vote" means the most number, the greatest number of people who vote for
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œไบบๆฐ—ๆŠ•็ฅจใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใพใŸใฏไป–ใฎๅ€™่ฃœ ่€…ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅคงๆ•ฐใ€ๆœ€ๅคงๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
14:28
one candidate or the other.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:30
But to try to be fair, to try to be democratic, the American system uses the Electoral College.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…ฌๅนณใ‚’ๆœŸใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆฐ‘ไธป็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฏ้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:38
Now, the "Electoral College" is a group of people, I think there's 538 people who basically
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใ€ใฏไบบใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใง ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ
14:44
represent the nation.
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็š„ใซๅ›ฝใ‚’ไปฃ่กจใ™ใ‚‹538ไบบใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:46
Okay?
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14:46
So every state gets a certain number of these electors, the people in that group of 538.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅทžใฏไธ€ๅฎšๆ•ฐใฎใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้ธๆŒ™ไบบใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ 538 ไบบใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
Every state based on population size, based on a few other things has a certain number
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ไบบๅฃ่ฆๆจกใซ ๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅทžใซใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ•ฐ
15:01
of electors.
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ใฎ้ธๆŒ™ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:03
So, a president or a candidate I should say needs to win the most number of electors.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใพใŸใฏๅ€™่ฃœ่€…ใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎ้ธๆŒ™ไบบใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:10
I think 270.
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15:12
270 electors, they have to win that many number of electors to become the president.
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270.270 ไบบใฎ้ธๆŒ™ไบบ ใ€ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใซใฏใใฎๆ•ฐใฎ้ธๆŒ™ไบบใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:17
So, it is actually possible to lose the popular vote and win the Electoral College, and become president.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๆŠ•็ฅจใซ่ฒ ใ‘ ใฆ้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใซๅ‹ใฃใฆๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
15:27
In fact, Bush, President Bush, the second Bush lost the popular vote to Al Gore, but
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€็ฌฌ 2 ไปฃ ใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฏไธ€่ˆฌๆŠ•็ฅจใงใ‚ขใƒซ ใ‚ดใ‚ขใซๆ•—ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
15:34
still became president because of the Electoral College.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:38
It's meant to be fair.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฌๅนณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:40
So, for example, California which has the biggest population in the States has an equal
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใงๆœ€ๅคงใฎไบบๅฃใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚ซใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขๅทžใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ข ใฏๅŒใ˜
15:45
share... Sorry.
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ใงใ™...็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบบๅฃใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฐ‘ใชใ„
15:48
Has an equal share relative to, like, Idaho, which has very few people in it.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ€ใƒ›ๅทžใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒ็ญ‰ใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Okay, so that's how it works.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
15:56
So then on Election Day, November something, something, the American people go to vote.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€11 ๆœˆใฎ้ธๆŒ™ๆ—ฅใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:04
The Electoral College has a certain number of people, they get all those people, they're president.
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้ธๆŒ™ไบบๅ›ฃใซใฏไธ€ๅฎšๆ•ฐใฎไบบๅ“กใŒ ใ„ใฆใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:09
Come January they are sworn in and we have a new president or America has a new president,
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1 ๆœˆใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฐฑไปปใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใŒ่ช•็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜
16:15
which affects everybody, but that's another story altogether.
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ใŒ่ช•็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
16:19
So, one thing I want to say before I finish off here, this is...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ 1 ใค่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
16:25
This lesson was just meant to give you an idea of what's going on in America and how
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ้ธๆŒ™ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—
16:30
the election works.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:31
It is not necessarily an invitation to have a political discussion.
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ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„่ญฐ่ซ–ใธใฎๆ‹›ๅพ…ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
16:35
You can have those with your friends and family.
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ใŠๅ‹้”ใ‚„ใ”ๅฎถๆ—ใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:38
Everybody has their opinion, everybody's entitled to their opinion, but keep it to yourself,
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคๆจฉๅˆฉ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ
16:44
keep it with your...
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็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„...
16:45
Within your group of friends and family.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅฎถๆ—ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ†…ใง.
16:47
Let's not get too serious about it.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆทฑๅˆปใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
16:49
Unless you live in America, it doesn't necessarily affect you all that much.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
16:54
So I hope I've been very helpful here.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง้žๅธธใซๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:57
I hope that you like this lesson and that you will subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:02
If you have any questions about this, please go to www.engvid.com.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:06
There's a forum there, you can ask all the questions you have, I will be happy to answer them.
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ใใ“ใซใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ• ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠ็ญ”ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž
17:11
There's also a quiz to make sure you understand the English of the system.
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ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:16
And yeah, if you have anything else, let me know and I'll be happy to help you with that.
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ใˆใˆใ€ไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:21
I'll see you again soon. Bye-bye.
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ใพใŸใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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