Perfect Your English Grammar โœ… Stative Verbs & Continuous Tenses

266,445 views ใƒป 2021-02-04

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:06
Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ“ใซใ‚‚๏ผ ็งใฏmmmEnglishใฎEmma
00:09
and I'm so excited to be bringing you this lesson today.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠๅฑŠใ‘ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
It's a grammar point that is so
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:15
often overlooked by English teachers but one that's gonna reveal
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ๅธซใŒ่ฆ‹่ฝใจใ—ใŒใกใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:19
some little known secrets about English verbs.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
And these secrets are gonna dramatically improve
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฏ
00:26
your English accuracy,
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ใ€็‰นใซๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆญฃ็ขบใ•ใ‚’ๅŠ‡็š„ใซๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:28
particularly when it comes to continuous tenses.
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ใ€‚
00:31
We're talking about stative verbs and usually
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็งใŸใกใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
00:35
stative verbs can't be used in continuous tenses
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00:39
though this is a common mistake for a lot of my students.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:43
Now you might be thinking
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
00:45
stative verbs, surely they're not that common?
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:49
Surely there's just a few of them that I've got to worry about.
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็ขบใ‹ใซใ€็งใŒๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใปใ‚“ใฎใ‚ใšใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:52
Well, have I got news for you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
00:55
Some of the most common English verbs are stative verbs
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉž
00:59
You use them every time that you speak in English.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใŸใณใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
So this lesson is really important,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆ
01:06
I want you to watch it all the way through and save it.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใšใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
So what on earth is a stative verb anyway?
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ใงใฏใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
01:13
Stative verbs are also called state verbs.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
They express a state, rather than an action.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใชใใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
And they're often related to things like
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
01:22
our thoughts and our opinions, our senses
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€็งใŸใกใฎ
01:26
our feelings and emotions, possession
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰
01:30
and then a bunch of other verbs that aren't really actions.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใฏใชใ„ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
But don't worry, we'll take a closer look at all of those
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’1ๅˆ†ใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
01:36
different types of verbs in a minute.
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ใ€‚
01:38
The most important thing that you need to know
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ
01:40
is that many of them are used only in the simple tenses.
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใŒๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
So that's the present simple, past simple,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€
01:49
present perfect simple, past perfect simple
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
01:52
and the future simple.
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ใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
So that means you can't use stative verbs in which tenses?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:00
The present continuous, the past continuous,
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข้€ฃ็ถšๅฝข
02:03
the present perfect continuous, the past perfect continuous
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข้€ฃ็ถšๅฝข
02:08
and the future continuous.
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ใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝข้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใ€‚
02:09
Now unlike many things in English grammar,
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็พๅœจใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€
02:12
this rule is a simple rule to remember.
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
02:15
Stative verbs can only be used in simple tenses.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:20
Now there are some exceptions,
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ไปŠใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–
02:22
there's always exceptions in English, right?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅธธใซไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:25
But I will talk about those in much more detail later in this lesson.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒๅŠใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
Here.
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ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
02:30
Know.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:32
Have.
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ใ‚‚ใคใ€‚
02:33
Like.
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ๅฅฝใใ€‚
02:34
Measure.
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ๆธฌๅฎšใ€‚
02:36
These are all examples of a stative verb.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Now I said that stative verbs describe a state,
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
02:43
but what does that really mean?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:45
The verb hear requires no action from its subject.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžhearใฏใ€ใใฎไธป่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:50
Did you hear the sound?
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้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:53
When the alarm goes off, you're gonna hear it
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ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒ ใŒ้ณดใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
02:56
whether you choose to hear it or not, right?
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่žใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:59
Hearing is one of the five senses,
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่ด่ฆšใฏไบ”ๆ„Ÿใฎไธ€ใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
03:02
it's not an action that we can choose to do.
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็งใŸใกใŒ้ธๆŠžใงใใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:05
Hear is a state verb.
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่žใใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:08
But the verb listen is an action verb.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžlistenใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:11
Are you listening to me?
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่žใ„ใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
03:13
We get to choose whether or not we listen
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:15
to someone or something, right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:17
If you don't wanna listen to the radio,
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ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:19
it's up to you, you can turn it off.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
The same rule applies with the verbs see, watch and look.
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ๅŒใ˜่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžseeใ€watchใ€lookใซใ‚‚้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
See is a sense.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใงใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Watch and look are actions.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใƒใ‚ขใƒณใƒ‰ใƒซใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
So far so good?
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ใ“ใ“ใพใงใฏ้ †่ชฟใงใ™ใญ๏ผŸ
03:34
Where things can get a little tricky is that some verbs
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธญใซ
03:38
have both an active and a stative meaning.
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ใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจ็Šถๆ…‹็š„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
The verb measure is a good example.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆธฌๅฎšใฏ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
We can say:
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:45
The table measures sixty centimetres by sixty centimetres.
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๏ผšใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฏ60ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซร—60ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
So here, measure is describing the quality of the table,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใฏใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎๅ“่ณช
03:54
it describes a fact.
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ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:56
So in this context, measure is a state.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
I'm measuring the window to fit the curtains.
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ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ช“ใ‚’ๆธฌใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Here, measure is an action.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
So I'm carrying out the action of measuring for the curtains.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ†ใƒณใ‚’ๆธฌใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
There are more verbs that fit into the category
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:15
and I'll share a few more of them with you
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04:17
as we go through this lesson.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:18
But now that we've got those basics down,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใฎใง
04:21
let's get stuck into learning about stative verbs in context.
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ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎไธญใง็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:26
We can break stative verbs down into about five categories.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็ด„5ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅˆ†้กžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
The first one is verbs of thought and opinion.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๆ€่€ƒใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
The best way to recognise and remember new words
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•
04:38
is to learn them in context.
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ใฏใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:41
Now there are two stative verbs in that sentence,
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ2ใคใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉž
04:43
can you see them?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
Recognise and remember.
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่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:48
So they're both verbs of thought and opinion,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ€่€ƒใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:51
so they're both stative verbs.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:53
It's incorrect to say:
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่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
04:55
I'm recognising the man across the street.
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็งใฏ้€šใ‚Šใฎๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใฎ็”ทใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
I am not remembering your name.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:01
Stative verbs need simple tenses. We just say:
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใ†๏ผš
05:05
I recognise that man.
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็งใฏใใฎ็”ทใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:07
I don't remember your name.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:09
Let's try another one.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:11
I agree, it can be hard to understand the difference between
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็งใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:15
English tenses. You have to know the rules inside out.
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ใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฃ่ฟ”ใ—ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:19
So which is the stative verb there? Do you know?
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:24
Agree.
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ๅŒๆ„ใ€‚
05:25
Understand.
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็†่งฃใ€‚
05:28
And know.
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:29
She agrees with me.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:31
Not she is agreeing with me.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:35
We understand you.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
Not we are understanding you.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:40
You know him.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
Not you are knowing him.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ€่€ƒใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹
05:45
There are lots more verbs that fit into the category
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ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใƒผใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:48
of thought and opinion.
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ใ€‚
05:50
Believe. Concern.
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆ‡ธๅฟตใ€‚
05:52
Disagree. Doubt.
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ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
05:54
Forget. Imagine.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆƒณๅƒใ€‚
05:56
Realise. Suppose.
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ๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ€‚ ไปฎๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:00
These are all stative verbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:02
Not a complete list but they're just some of the most
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
06:06
common verbs of thought and opinion.
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ๆ€่€ƒใจๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
The second group of stative verbs are verbs of the senses.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:14
Now we have five senses. Do you know what they are?
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏไบ”ๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:17
See with your eyes.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:20
Hear with your ears.
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่€ณใง่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:23
Touch with your fingers.
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ๆŒ‡ใง่งฆใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:25
Taste with your mouth.
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ๅฃใงๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:26
And smell with your nose.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ผปใงใซใŠใ„ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:29
Verbs of the senses are stative verbs so we don't usually
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ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธ
06:33
use them in the continuous tenses.
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ใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:35
Notice that I said usually,
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็งใŒ้€šๅธธ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
06:37
we don't usually use them in the continuous tenses.
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้€šๅธธใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:42
Now verbs of the senses are a little bit special
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ไปŠใงใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
06:45
and that's because we can also use them to talk about the act of
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€
06:49
tasting, smelling or feeling.
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ๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ—…ใ„ใ ใ‚Šใ€ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹่กŒ็‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:52
We can say:
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
06:53
I'm tasting the cake to make sure it's OK.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
We can also say:
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็ง้”ใฏใพใŸ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
06:58
This cake tastes delicious.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
One is an action,
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1ใคใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
07:03
can you guess which one?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:05
This one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
I'm actively tasting the cake.
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็งใฏ็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ๅ‘ณใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
I'm checking to make sure that it's yummy.
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ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:12
This one is a state.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
It relates to perception.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿฅ่ฆšใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
My perception of the cake is that it's delicious.
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็งใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ่ช่ญ˜ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:20
So I'm not describing an action here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:23
In that context, it's incorrect to say:
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ใใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ่ชคใ‚Š
07:26
The cake is tasting delicious.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
We just say: The cake tastes delicious.
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็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
Another thing to be aware of is that the verb see
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ๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžsee
07:37
has a few different meanings.
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ใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:40
So we can say: I saw Ruby at the supermarket.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใงRubyใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:44
In that sentence see is a verb of the sense so it's stative.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€seeใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
But look at these examples.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:51
I'm seeing Ruby tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏRubyใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:54
He is seeing someone new.
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ๅฝผใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
So seeing means meeting. I'm meeting Ruby tomorrow.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผšใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅRubyใซไผšใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:03
And it also means being in a relationship.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
He's in a relationship with someone new.
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ๅฝผใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
So in these sentences, the verb see is describing an action.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžseeใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:15
And in that context,
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใง
08:16
it's perfectly okay to use a continuous tense.
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ใฏใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
08:21
The third group is verbs of feeling and emotion.
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3็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
I need to find out what Gloria likes doing in her free time.
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ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใŒ่‡ช็”ฑใชๆ™‚้–“ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:30
Now there were two verbs of feelings or emotion in that sentence.
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ไปŠใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใพใŸใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎ2ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:34
Can you guess which ones they are?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:38
Need and like.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
08:40
You can absolutely use these verbs in the simple tenses
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใง็ตถๅฏพใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
08:43
but it's incorrect to use them in the continuous form.
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ใŒใ€้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:47
I was needing some information.
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็งใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:52
What is Gloria liking?
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ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใฏไฝ•ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:56
Now of course,
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08:56
there are lots of other verbs that fit into this category.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
Verbs like: Love
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‹•่ฉž๏ผšๆ„›
09:02
Dislike. Adore.
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ๅซŒใ„ใ€‚ ๅด‡ๆ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
Wish. Prefer.
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้ก˜ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ€‚
09:06
And surprise.
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ใใ—ใฆ้ฉšใใ€‚
09:08
These are all verbs of feeling and emotion and you should avoid
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š
09:12
using them in continuous tenses.
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ใ€้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:15
The fourth group is verbs of possession. They're verbs like
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4็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏBelongใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
09:20
Belong. Own.
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ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ€‚
09:23
Possess.
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ๆ‰€ๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
09:25
and have.
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ใจๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
The bicycle belongs to my brother.
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่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏ็งใฎๅ…„ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:31
But not: The bicycle is belonging to my brother.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใฏ็งใฎๅ…„ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:35
She owns a red Ferrari.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ตคใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
She has been owning a red Ferrari for a long time.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้•ทใ„้–“่ตคใ„ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒฉใƒผใƒชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:42
Now the verb have also falls into this category but only
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็พๅœจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅˆ†้กžใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
09:46
when it means to own or possess something.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใพใŸใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
Now have is a bit of an exception so I'm going to go into more
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใง
09:54
detail about it later on in the lesson.
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ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒๅŠใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
The last group of stative verbs is
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€
10:01
well it's just everything else.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:04
And by that I just mean any other verbs that aren't actions.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใชใ„ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Like: Depend
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ๏ผšไพๅญ˜ใซ
10:10
Deserve.
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ๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:12
Promise.
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็ด„ๆŸใ€‚
10:14
Owe.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:16
Seem.
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ๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:17
Fit.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
10:19
Weigh.
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่จˆ้‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:21
And measure.
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ใใ—ใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
So these verbs don't describe an action.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่จ˜่ฟฐใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:26
I promise not to be late.
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้…ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:29
Is promise an action?
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็ด„ๆŸใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:32
When I make a promise, I don't actually do anything do I?
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็งใŒ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:36
I just say the words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
I promise.
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็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
But there's no physical action there, is there?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ“ใซใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
10:43
It's just a stative verb.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
So I can't say:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผš
10:47
I am promising not to be late.
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็งใฏ้…ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ด„ๆŸใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:50
That's incorrect. We just use the present simple here.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:54
I promise.
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็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:56
How about: I owe you ten dollars.
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ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผš็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ10ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:59
Is owe an action?
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ็พฉๅ‹™ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:03
If I said: Here's ten dollars and gave you a ten dollar note
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ๏ผšใ“ใ“ใซ10ใƒ‰ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ10ใƒ‰ใƒซ
11:07
well giving is an action, right? But to owe someone money
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ใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
11:12
that's not an action.
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ใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใงใฏใชใ„ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:14
So I can't say:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผš
11:16
I'm owing you ten dollars, can I?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ10ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:19
We just keep it simple.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:21
I owe you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŒใงใใŸใ€‚
11:23
I know there are a few things that are confusing about
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
11:27
stative verbs.
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ใ€‚
11:30
Perhaps you've seen the words loving, smelling,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ๆ„›ใ—ใ€ๅŒ‚ใ„ใ‚’ๅ—…ใŽใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ‘จใ‚Šใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:33
and owing around.
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ใ€‚
11:36
And now you're wondering
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
11:38
why is Emma telling me that using these verbs in this form
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ใชใœใ‚จใƒžใŒใ“ใฎๅฝขใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
11:42
is wrong?
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๏ผŸ
11:43
Just because you can't use these verbs in continuous tenses,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจ
11:47
doesn't mean
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11:48
that you won't see them in an -ing form.
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ใ„ใฃใฆใ€-ingๅฝขๅผใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:52
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
11:53
Don't worry, this is something that confuses a lot of my students.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎๅคšใใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:57
It's one of those really annoying things about English grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŽ„ไป‹ใชใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
12:01
-ing forms aren't only used for continuous verb tenses.
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-ingๅฝขๅผใฏใ€้€ฃ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:06
We use them as adjectives, and nouns too, don't we?
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ๅ่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
12:10
Remember our friend, the gerund?
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:13
But I have got a super little tip for you.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใชใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:15
A great way to check if it's an -ing form of a verb
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ-ingๅฝขๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•
12:20
is to look for the auxiliary verb be.
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ใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžbeใ‚’ๆŽขใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:23
Be will always be there if it's a continuous verb form.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้€ฃ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€Beใฏๅธธใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:28
Auxiliary verb be plus the main verb in -ing form.
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžbeใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ-ingๅฝขๅผใฎไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
12:33
That equals the continuous tense.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:37
We were listening to music.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:40
Sarah is having a baby in March.
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ใ‚ตใƒฉใฏ3ๆœˆใซ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’็”ฃใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
Can you see those auxiliary verbs?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:45
They're telling us that listening and having,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใซ่žใ„ใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆ
12:48
they're action verbs.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
12:50
But take a look at these sentences.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:53
I heard some surprising news.
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ๆ„ๅค–ใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ€‚
12:56
Is surprising a verb?
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ๆ„ๅค–ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:59
Surprising is an adjective
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้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
13:01
and it modifies the noun news.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:04
Gives us some extra information.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:06
Playing football is his passion.
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ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฝผใฎๆƒ…็†ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
13:10
Playing is a gerund.
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้Šใถใฎใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Playing football is the subject of our sentence.
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ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
13:15
It's a noun phrase.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
13:17
Seeing is believing.
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็™พ่žใฏไธ€่ฆ‹ใซๅฆ‚ใ‹ใšใ€‚
13:20
What about here?
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ใ“ใ“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:22
Are either of these verbs?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:24
This one's a bit tricky.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
13:25
In this example, both seeing and believing are gerunds.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎไธกๆ–นใŒๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:30
They're nouns but they look like verbs.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:32
So this structure is just the same as saying:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜
13:35
Tomorrow is Monday.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
13:37
Tomorrow and Monday are nouns.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใจๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:40
Seeing and believing are also nouns.
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:43
So even though these words shouldn't be used as verbs
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’-ingๅฝขๅผใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
13:47
in -ing form, you will definitely see them around as adjectives
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚„ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ็ขบๅฎŸใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
13:51
and nouns.
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ใ€‚
13:53
Probably the most complicated part of this is that there's a
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚่ค‡้›‘ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ
13:57
groups of verbs that have both an active and a stative meaning.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใจ็Šถๆ…‹็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:02
And they're the ones that require you to really think about
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
14:05
the meaning of the verb before you decide
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14:08
which tense is appropriate to use.
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ใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
14:11
Now I've been pointing them out as we've been going through
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
14:13
this lesson, but I really just want to spend a couple of minutes
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ใŒใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
14:17
going a little deeper here on the common ones.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑใ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใซๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:20
I mentioned that have is a stative verb when it means possession.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:25
Micky has a red bike.
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ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏ่ตคใ„่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:28
So here, if we replace has with own, or possess,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€hasใ‚’ownใพใŸใฏpossessใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:34
we know it's a stative verb.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:36
And the meaning stays the same, right? We can assume
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:40
that have is stative.
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haveใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅฎšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:42
So that means we can't say
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
14:45
Mickey is having a red bike.
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ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒ่ตคใ„่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:48
It's the same when we use have to describe a quality.
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ๅ“่ณชใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:52
They have brown hair.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่Œถ่‰ฒใฎ้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
So we can replace have with possess in this sentence.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ€ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:00
So have in this context is stative.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:02
They have brown hair.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่Œถ่‰ฒใฎ้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:04
We can't say: They are having brown hair.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่Œถ่‰ฒใฎ้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:09
But
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
15:10
but is coming up quite a bit during this lesson,
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ
15:13
well there are a few exceptions.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:15
Because we use have a lot in English
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†ใฎใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
15:18
and it has different meanings each time. It can mean:
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ๆฏŽๅ›ž้•ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
15:22
To host,
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๏ผšใƒ›ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
15:24
expect,
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ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
15:25
eat or drink
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้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€
15:27
or to experience.
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ใพใŸใฏไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
15:29
So these verbs are all action verbs
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ‹•่ฉž
15:32
which means we can use them in the continuous tenses.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:36
We're having a party this weekend.
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ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:39
Have means host.
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ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:42
She's having a baby in June.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ6ๆœˆใซ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’็”ฃใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:45
Have is expect.
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ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:48
They were having lunch.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
15:50
So now, have means eat.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:53
So just make sure you stop every now and again
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆ
15:56
and just think about the true meaning of have.
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ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:59
Can you replace have with own or possess?
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:02
Or does it mean something else?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:04
This will be a really good guide if you're trying to decide
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ†ใ‹่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
16:08
whether to treat this as a stative or an active verb.
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ใ€‚
16:12
The next verb to be careful of is be.
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ๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏbeใงใ™ใ€‚
16:16
You are funny.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:18
So be in this sentence refers to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
16:21
part of your personality, so this is a fact, a state. It's who you are.
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€งๆ ผใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:26
You are a funny person.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
16:29
But if I say: You are being funny.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:33
Here, be means you're acting or behaving in that way.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€beใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใพใŸใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:37
So in this context, it's perfectly okay to use the continuous form.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:42
The other verb I want to mention is think.
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็งใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ„ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏthinkใงใ™ใ€‚
16:46
Now think can be active or stative.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:49
But when think means to have an opinion,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€thinkใŒๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:53
then it's stative.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
16:54
What do you think about these earrings?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚คใƒคใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:57
But when think means consider, it's an action.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:01
What are you thinking about ordering?
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ๆณจๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:03
There's one more thing that I want to mention
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใค
17:06
that I want you to be aware of.
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ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:08
Sometimes these rules are broken by native speakers
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใฏใ€็‰นใซ้žๅ…ฌๅผใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็ ดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
17:12
especially in informal context.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:15
You'll hear someone saying: I'm loving this song!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš็งใฏใ“ใฎๆญŒใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™๏ผ
17:18
In the moment of enjoying the song, they'll say that.
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ๆญŒใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹็žฌ้–“ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:23
Are you wanting my help with that?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใง็งใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:26
Here in Australia I hear people saying things like this
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขใงใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ไบบ
17:29
all the time, so where does that leave us?
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ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:32
Is it wrong to say: I'm loving it?
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่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:36
I mean McDonald's has kind of made that pretty standard now.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚ฏใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใฏไปŠใงใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:39
Are the millions of English speakers using the verb love
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ๅ‹•่ฉžloveใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•็™พไธ‡ไบบใ‚‚ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฏใ€ใ€Œ
17:43
incorrect when they say: I'm loving it?
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใซๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:48
Let's just say that this is one of the many ways that English
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—้€ฒๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ1ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
17:51
is changing and evolving.
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ใ€‚
17:54
I mean, rules are made to be broken, aren't they?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ็ ดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚
17:57
Are you ready to test what you've learned today?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:00
I really want you to practise using these stative verbs accurately.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:04
So I'm gonna give you some sentences where the verb has been
353
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ
18:07
used incorrectly and you need to correct them
354
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ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ•
18:10
either by changing the tense or by swapping out the verb.
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ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใฆไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:13
Let's do the first one together.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:16
They were thinking it was a bad idea.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ‚ชใ„่€ƒใˆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:20
What does thinking mean in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:24
Does it mean to have an opinion
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃ
18:27
or to consider something?
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:30
It means to have an opinion so it's a stative verb.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
18:34
We can correct it by saying:
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™๏ผš
18:36
They thought it was a bad idea.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆ‚ชใ„่€ƒใˆใ ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:39
Now it's your turn.
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ไปŠใงใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
18:40
So just make sure you pause the lesson after each example
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ„ไพ‹ใฎๅพŒใงใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ
18:44
so you have time to think about the answers.
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ใ€็ญ”ใˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:47
And of course, write those answers down in the comments below
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
18:50
so that I can come down and check them all out for you.
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็งใŒ้™ใ‚Šใฆใใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:54
I am wishing you a happy birthday.
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ใŠ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:01
She didn't answer the phone because she was hearing music.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง้›ป่ฉฑใซๅ‡บใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:09
They are not believing in magic.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ญ”ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:17
I have been knowing Lucy for 5 years.
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็งใฏใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ‚’5ๅนด้–“็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:26
You are having your birthday party tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
19:35
Well that's it for this lesson! I really hope that it was useful
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
19:39
to learn about action and stative verbs,
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’
19:42
Really focusing some time and energy on learning stative verbs
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ๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๆ™‚้–“ใจใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’้›†ไธญ
19:46
will help you to understand how to use them accurately
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ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
19:49
in your English sentences.
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ใ€‚
19:51
Now I've got a few other grammar lessons that will be really useful
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ„ใใค
19:55
for practising stative and active verbs okay? I've added the links
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
20:00
to them down in the comments below.
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ใ€‚
20:02
As always, make sure you're subscribed to the channel,
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ช
20:05
turn on the notifications so I can let you know when there's a
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ใ—ใ€้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้€š็Ÿฅใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
20:08
new lesson here for you.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:10
I will be back next week with another lesson for you
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ๆฅ้€ฑใพใŸๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆˆปใฃใฆใ
20:13
but until then, why don't you check out this one, right here?
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใพใงใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:17
I'll see you in there.
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ใใกใ‚‰ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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