An Indigenous Perspective on Humanity’s Survival on Earth | Jupta Itoewaki | TED

翻译人员: Pei Shuan Goh 校对人员: suya f.

Molo ka mana tёw їwekїtomo?

Molo ka mana tёw їwekїtomo?

I am an Indigenous woman from the Amazon rainforest.

我是来自亚马逊雨林的原住民妇女。

I don't look Indigenous, do I?

我看起来不像原住民，对吗？

"You're Indigenous?" people always ask me.

“你是原住民吗？” 人们总是问我。

But don't worry, I get that a lot.

但是不要担心，我很了解这一点。

I bet you expected an exotic Indigenous woman

我敢打赌，你期待见到 一个异域的原住民女人。

with a painted face and feathers in her hair.

脸上涂着颜料，头发上插着羽毛。

Probably a bow and arrow too.

也许还带着弓箭。

Well, today I won't be talking about the looks of Indigenous people.

今天，我不会谈到原住民的姿容。

Today I want to talk to you about Indigenous perspective,

今天，我想和你们聊聊 有关原住民的观点，

what that means and how it can help change this world.

代表着什么以及 这如何能协助改变世界。

So I come from Suriname,

我来自苏里南，

the only Dutch-speaking country in South America.

是南美洲唯一一个荷兰语国家。

It is also known as the greenest country in the world right now.

也是世界上森林覆盖率最高的国家。

You didn't know this now, did you?

你肯定不知道这一点，对吧？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Suriname is still 93 percent pristine forests,

苏里南还拥有百分之九十三的原始森林，

with a population less than 600,000 people.

总人口少过600,000人。

I come from the south of Suriname,

我来自苏里南的南部，

near the border with Brazil and French Guyana.

靠近巴西和法属圭亚那的边界。

I am from Amazonia, I am Wayana.

我来自亚马逊，我是瓦亚那人。

I was born in a small settlement with 150 Wayana people.

我出生于一个人口150人 的瓦亚那小部落。

My start in life was complicated.

我生命的开始是复杂的。

You see, in our culture, when your partner died,

你看，在我们的文化中， 当你的伴侣去世时，

you had to wait at least two years before you started a new relationship,

你必须得等待至少两年， 才可以开始另一段恋情。

my grandmother told me.

这是我祖母告诉我的。

When my father's wife died,

当我父亲的妻子去世时，

he decided that he couldn't wait anymore

他决定他已经不能再等下去了

and took a new lover, my mother,

并找了一个新的恋人，我的母亲

who was at that time only 16 years old,

她当时只有16岁，

and got pregnant.

接着，她怀孕了。

Also, certainly in our culture and maybe in yours too,

当然，在我的文化里， 也许你们的也一样，

it is considered shameful

这是一件很可耻的事

when you get pregnant and not living with a partner.

如果你在没有和伴侣 生活的情况下怀上了宝宝。

So because of that,

也因为这样，

my mother tried to abort me multiple times.

我母亲曾多次尝试让我堕胎。

All, which as you can see, didn’t succeed.

当然，如您所见，都功亏一篑。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It did leave me with some health problems,

这些确实给我带来了一些健康问题，

but I survived.

但是我活下来了。

I was called, for a very long time “anolїtpё”,

很长的一段时间里， 我都被称为“anolїtpё”

which literally means trash.

意思是“垃圾”。

My father denied that he was my father because of pressure from his family.

我父亲在家庭压力之下， 拒绝承认是我的生父。

But luckily, my mother's parents decided to raise me.

幸运的是，我母亲的父母 决定把我抚养成人。

Even so, it was hard

虽然如此，生活还是非常艰辛。

as I was constantly treated as trash by the rest of my community.

我常常被族群里的人视为垃圾。

So when I was five years old, my grandparents,

所以当我五岁的时候，我的祖父母，

especially my grandmother,

尤其是我的祖母，

she decided that it was in my best interest

决定为了我的最佳利益

that I go to the capital of Suriname to get an education,

把我送到苏里南的首都去受教育，

to make something of my life.

让我能够在生活上有些成就。

So I packed my little suitcase.

于是，我收拾好我的小行囊，

I stepped on a plane

搭上飞机，

with a family friend I barely knew,

和一个我几乎不认识的家庭朋友，

[and] for the first time in my life, I left my village.

在我人生中的第一次， 离开了我的村庄。

I remember being determined at only five years old

我记得我在五岁时 就下定决心

that I was going to go back to show them that I was more than trash.

终有一天我会回去向他们证明 我不仅仅是个垃圾。

This family friend of ours and his wife,

我们的这位家庭朋友和他的妻子，

they became my foster parents.

成了我的养父母。

And I have been the second daughter that my foster parents always wanted.

而我成了他们梦寐以求的二女儿。

And my foster family are from a tribal people called Saamaka,

我的寄养家庭来自 一个叫萨马卡的部落。

and they live as Indigenous people.

他们过着原住民的生活。

Here's the thing.

重点来了。

Even living far away in the capital of Suriname,

即使居住在遥远的苏里南首都，

going to non-Indigenous school,

到非原住民学校上课，

surrounded by non-Indigenous people,

被非原住民包围，

I was still Indigenous.

我打从心底还是个原住民。

My worldview and my DNA,

我的世界观和我的基因，

were still shaped by that legacy, by those traditions.

仍然受到那些遗产和传统的影响。

Because every summer holiday, I could go back to visit my grandparents

因为每一个暑假， 我都可以回去探望我的祖父母，

and learn those amazing cultural aspects of being a Wayana.

并且学习瓦亚那人 令人惊叹的传统文化。

So yes, I had the best of both worlds.

是的，我的确是鱼与熊掌兼得。

I have the best of both worlds.

我拥有两个世界里最美好的一切。

And in both worlds I was and am still Indigenous.

在这两个世界里，我曾经是， 现在也仍然是个原住民。

What I came to realize is that even far away in the capital,

我逐渐意识到 虽然我身在遥远的首都，

I was privileged to live in the greenest country on Earth

我很荣幸能生活在 地球上最绿的国家之一

because of Indigenous peoples,

正因为原住民的存在，

because of Indigenous guardianship.

也因为原住民的监护。

We are the protectors of the forests, so we protect this world.

我们是森林的守护者， 所以我们保护着这个世界。

Eighty percent of all the world's biodiversity

这世界上有百分之八十的生物多样性

is within Indigenous territories.

处于原住民的领土内。

Let me repeat that in case you didn't get that.

万一你没听清楚， 让我再重申一次。

Eighty percent of all the world's biodiversity

这世界上有百分之八十的生物多样性

is within Indigenous territories.

位于原住民的领土内。

The Amazon, where I come from,

我的出生地，亚马逊

is home to more plant and animal species

拥有的动植物物种

than any other terrestrial ecosystem on this planet,

比地球上任何一个 陆地生态系统还多，

including 40,000 plant species,

包括40,000种植物，

2,200 fish,

2,200种鱼类，

427 mammals.

427种哺乳动物。

One in ten of the world’s bird species live in the Amazon,

世界上十分之一的鸟类 生活在亚马逊，

which has been inhabited by Indigenous people for thousands of years.

一个原住民居住了 上千年的地方。

Now, try to imagine,

现在想象一下，

when non-Indigenous people come to my community

当非原住民来到我的社区

to try to teach us about sustainable forest management or conservation.

尝试教导我们可持续 森林管理或生态保育。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We are the forests, we breathe the forests.

我们就是森林， 森林存在于我们的气息里。

We cannot even translate "sustainable forest management" in our own language,

在我们的语言里，我们甚至 没有词汇来翻译“可持续森林管理”，

because to us, it's simply a way of living.

因为对我们来说， 这就是生活的方式。

We are the protectors of the forests.

我们是森林的守护者。

It is because of us that the world has any forests left to protect.

正是因为有了我们， 世界上才有剩余的森林让我们守护。

I believe, we believe, that protecting the planet

我想信，我们相信 保护这个星球的行动

should be done by Indigenous people

应该由原住民来进行

that has been doing so all along.

因为我们一直以来都这么做。

That is why the work that I'm doing with my community is so important.

这就是为什么我为我的 社区所做的一切那么重要。

I'm no longer trash.

我不再是“垃圾”。

I'm recycled.

我“再生”了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Yes, I'm recycled.

是的，我再生了。

The Amazon, where I come from,

我的出生地亚马逊，

it's so unique.

是多么的独特。

And sometimes we as human beings,

有时候身为人类，

we try to change things so fast,

我们那么急于改变一切，

and we try to put our individual needs ahead of the collective good.

我们尝试将我们的个人需求， 置于集体利益之前。

And because of this change that's going too fast,

正因为这瞬息万变，

we ultimately cause destruction that will destroy us all.

我们最终造成的破坏， 将会毁灭所有人。

So today, here I am to teach you guys

所以今天，我在这里想教导大家

how you and I can protect this world the Indigenous way.

你和我，可以如何利用 原住民的方式来保护这个世界。

What is Indigenous guardianship?

什么是原住民监护？

There are five key words that we can all learn from

有五个关键词， 值得我们能从

from Indigenous perspective.

原住民的角度学习。

The first one is responsibility.

第一个是责任。

Responsibility towards our territory,

为我们的领土负责，

where we have been living along for thousands of years

我们生活了上千年的领土，

by taking good care of it.

我们得去好好照顾它。

We feel responsible for Mother Earth.

我们觉得需要对地球母亲负责。

So can all of you.

你们大家也可以这么办。

Demonstrate the responsibility through action.

用行动来体现责任。

Do not be afraid to say:

不要畏惧说：

"I don't know, let's find out together."

“我不知道，让我们一起来了解吧。”

Attend activities hosted by Indigenous communities.

参与由原住民社群举办的活动。

Lead by example.

以身作则。

Talk about decolonizing

和同事们一起谈论非殖民化

and indigenizing education with colleagues.

和把教育原住民化。

Connect with Indigenous people, businesspeople, artists,

与你生活和工作里的原住民， 生意人，艺术家，

speakers and craftspeople in your work and your life.

演说家，以及工匠建立关系。

Learn about responsibility in the context of our existence.

在我们存在的背景下学习责任。

The second "R" is respect.

第二个 “R” 是尊重。

We need to respect each other.

我们必须互相尊重。

Just like I respect your Western world,

就如我尊重你们的西方世界一样，

you should respect my world.

你们也应该尊重我的世界。

Respect is a word

“尊重”这个词语

that is a concept that feels often abstract than action-based.

是一个通常让人感觉 抽象而非具体的概念。

It can be very difficult to find specific examples

要寻找特定的例子来展现

to demonstrate what respect is.

什么是“尊重”， 可能会非常困难。

We can all become guardians of this world.

我们都可以成为这个世界的守护者。

Respect our way of living.

尊重我们的生活方式。

Respect our knowledge.

尊重我们的知识。

Respect our way of decision making.

尊重我们的决策方式。

Respect our Indigenous people's cultural integrity.

尊重原住民文化的完整性。

It has worked for many centuries.

这已经成功运转了几个世纪。

The third “R” ...

第三个“R”...

relationship,

关系，

the third “R,” relationship, is about Indigenous people’s relationship

第三个“R”，关系， 代表的是原住民

with their ancestral land.

和祖传土地的关系。

Engaging with indigenous communities ...

要接触原住民社群，

it’s very important to understand the nature of the relationship

最重要的就是得了解 祖传土地，

among ancestral lands, cultures and spirituality.

文化，以及自身精神之间关系的性质。

Engaging in this way

以这种方式参与，

requires long-term commitment and mutual learning.

需要长期承诺，以及相互尊重。

A relationship based on mutual respect

一个建立在以相互尊重 为基础的关系

eliminates the tendency to exert power over another.

去除了对他人施加权力的倾向。

It is something we can all learn, practice and improve.

这是我们大家都可以学习， 练习，并且改善的一点。

Reciprocity is the idea of embracing

互惠，是接受了

that giving and receiving

施与受是一种

connects people, beliefs and action.

联系了人，信仰，和行动的理念。

It is not all about the money,

不是一切的东西 都和金钱有关，

and those who have resources don't have all the power.

拥有资源的人， 没法掌握所有的权力。

They shouldn't have all the power.

他们不应该拥有一切的权力。

Giving and receiving from the Earth endowments

施与受于地球的禀赋

is also part of a virtuous healing principle.

也是良性的治愈原则的一部分。

In this way,

利用这种方法，

even the "poorest" Indigenous community can give back to all of us.

就算是最“贫穷”的原住民社群， 也能回馈给大家。

The last “R”, redistribution.

最后一个“R”， 是“再分配”。

Redistribution of our ancestral lands.

将我们的祖传土地重新分配。

My people, for instance,

举例来说，我的族人，

we don't have any legally recognized land rights.

没有任何合法的土地权。

Because our ancestral lands have been distributed to third parties

因为我们的祖传土地 都已被分配给第三方，

as concessions for mining and logging.

当作是矿业和伐木业的特许权。

Eighty percent of the world's remaining biodiversity

世界上仅存的生物多样性有百分之八十

is within Indigenous communities, as I mentioned before.

位于原住民社区中， 就如我之前所提到的。

And it includes places that are essential

这其中包括了对我们的

for our global climate,

全球气候，

our freshwater and food security.

淡水，和粮食安全至关要紧的地区。

These are places vital to all of us.

这些都是对我们来说 非常关键的地区。

Help in securing Indigenous people's land rights,

帮助我们保护 原住民的土地权。

join us, support us in our fight.

加入我们，支持我们的斗争。

Making sure that Indigenous people have the means to protect their lands.

确保原住民有保护他们土地的管道。

We can all benefit from that.

我们大家都可以从中受益。

Make sure that Indigenous people have the economic power

确保原住民有经济能力

and the cultural independence

和文化独立性，

so they can be successful in protecting,

以便他们能成功的保护

defend and govern their ancestral territories.

捍卫，和管治他们的 祖传土地。

So, initially,

所以，当初，

when my community threw me away as thrash,

当我的社群把我当作垃圾驱逐时

they just thought that they were doing what was right.

他们认为他们的所作所为是正确的。

They thought that they were doing what was best

他们认为他们做了 最佳的选择

because they learned those things from Western power,

因为他们向西方势力 学习了那些东西，

Western colonial powers and norms.

西方殖民政权和准则。

And then they learned better.

接着，他们学乖了

They learned that I also have important and unique values.

他们了解到我也有重要 和独特的价值。

And guess what?

猜猜怎么着？

We are all doing the same thing with our planet.

我们其实都正在以相同 的方式对待地球。

We are throwing it away,

我们抛弃它，

we are trashing it.

我们践踏它。

Maybe only for a while,

或许只是一阵子，

because we didn't know any better.

因为我们对任何东西都不了解。

Just to realize how much we all need the Earth

最终才意识到我们 有多么需要这个地球

because it uniquely contributes to our lives, and it sustains us.

因为唯独它为我们的生活 贡献，和支撑着我们。

A healthier relationship is key.

更健康的关系是个关键。

A healthier relationship with Indigenous peoples is key

关键在于和原住民建立更健康 的关系，

to a healthier relationship with the planet

从而也和地球建立 起更健全的关系，

that we as Indigenous people protect.

一个原住民致力 于保护的地球。

And then we can all be recycled.

然后，我们大家都可以“再生”。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And we can thrive and survive

我们都能兴盛和生存

on this planet that we call Earth.

在这个我们称为地球的星球上。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌与欢呼声）