A Creative Approach to Community Climate Action | Xavier Cortada | TED

34,036 views ・ 2022-12-23

TED


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翻译人员: Yeyun Deng 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao
00:08
When it comes to climate,
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说到气候,
00:10
how do we stop preaching to the choir?
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我们如何停止向唱诗班说教?
00:12
What can we do to grab the attention
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我们能做些什么来吸引
00:15
of those individuals who are disengaged?
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那些闲散的人的注意力呢?
00:18
I ask these questions as an artist, as an educator
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作为一名艺术家和教育家,
00:22
and as a lifelong resident of Miami, Florida,
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一位佛罗里达州迈阿密的永久居民,
00:24
one of the most climate-vulnerable cities in the United States.
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我提出了这些问题,迈阿密是 美国气候最脆弱的城市之一。
00:28
In Miami, we're already seeing storm drains
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在迈阿密, 我们已经看到暴雨后
00:30
that erupt with water after heavy rainfalls,
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排水管和
00:32
and cars and properties that are damaged
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汽车及房地产
00:35
due to flooding from high tide.
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因涨潮洪水而受损。
00:38
And we've all seen the devastation of Hurricane Ian
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我们都看到了飓风伊恩
00:42
as it barreled at 150 miles an hour,
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以每小时 150 英里的速度狂飙,
00:45
bringing 10 feet of storm surge to the Gulf Coast,
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给墨西哥湾海岸 带来了 10 英尺的风暴潮。
00:49
just two and a half hours from my home.
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距离我家只有两个半小时。
00:53
My home sits at six feet above sea level.
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我家位于海拔六英尺的地方。
00:56
But today, we see cranes populating [the] Miami skyline,
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但今天,我们看到起重机 在迈阿密的天际线,
01:00
building more and more skyscrapers at the water’s edge.
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在水边建造越来越多的摩天大楼。
01:04
Thanks to this brazen overdevelopment,
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由于这种无耻的过度发展,
01:08
many Miamians aren't aware of the threat
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许多迈阿密人没有意识到
01:11
that sea level rise poses to their families,
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海平面上升对他们的家庭、
01:14
their homes and their communities.
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家园和社区造成的威胁。
01:17
I myself wasn’t aware of just how dire Miami’s situation was
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我自己也没意识到 迈阿密的情况有多严重,
01:22
until I traveled to Antarctica.
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直到我去了南极洲。
01:24
I went there in 2006
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2006 年,
01:26
as part of the National Science Foundation Antarctic Artists and Writers Program.
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我作为国家科学基金会南极艺术家 和作家计划的成员前往那里。
01:31
I spoke with scientists there
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我与那里的科学家交谈,
01:32
and I learned just how vulnerable my city was.
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我才意识到迈阿密是多么脆弱。
01:35
I was standing on the very ice that threatened to melt
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我站在一块冰上, 那块冰可能会融化
01:39
and drown the only place I've ever called home.
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并淹没我唯一的家。
01:42
So I took that ice and I made art with it.
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所以我拿走那块冰, 把它做成了艺术。
01:45
I took ice that glaciologists brought back from their field stations
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我将冰川学家在野外考察站 带回来的冰融化后,
01:49
and melted it to create a series of Antarctic ice paintings,
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制作了一系列南极冰画,
01:53
paintings made in Antarctica with Antarctica and about Antarctica.
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这些画是在南极洲完成的, 与南极洲息息相关,
01:58
But they weren't just about Antarctica.
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但他们不仅仅是关于南极洲,
02:00
They were about where Antarctica was going.
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它们还谈论了南极洲的去向。
02:04
I returned to Miami transformed by that experience
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我回到了迈阿密, 这个经历改变了我的生活,
02:08
and pivoted my art practice to one
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并将我的艺术实践转向了一个
02:10
where for 15 years now I’ve been trying to ask,
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15 年来我一直想问的问题:
02:13
how do we best engage the public around climate issues?
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我们如何最大程度地 让公众参与气候问题呢?
02:18
Just a few years ago,
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就在几年前,
02:19
I worked with the village of Pinecrest
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我与皮恩克雷斯特村合作,
02:21
to develop a socially engaged art project
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开展了一个社会艺术项目,
02:24
that would make sea level rise impossible to ignore.
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这让人们正视海平面上升问题。
02:28
We called it The Underwater Homeowners Association.
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我们称之为水下房主协会。
02:32
Let that sink in for a second.
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让我们感受一下它。
02:33
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:35
We used those Antarctic ice paintings as the backdrop for yard signs
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我们用这些南极冰画 作为庭院标志的背景,
02:39
that would map the elevation of people's homes.
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来绘制人们房子的海拔。
02:43
People use an app to find out how many feet above sea level their homes are.
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人们使用一个应用程序来了解 他们的家离海平面有多少英尺。
02:48
And then they would either paint that number on a yard sign
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然后,他们把这个数字 画在院子的标志上,
02:51
or take home a pre-made one
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或者将预先做好的标志带回家,
02:53
and they would place it in their front yards.
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然后把它放在他们的前院。
02:55
Now, you can imagine, when your neighbor from across the street asks you
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现在,你可以想象, 当你的邻居在街对面问你
02:59
what that number eight in front of your house means,
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房子前面的数字 8 是什么意思时,
03:01
it's a perfect opportunity for you to tell them
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这是个千载难逢的好机会, 你可以告诉他们,
03:03
that they too live at eight feet above the sea.
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他们也住在海拔八英尺的地方。
03:06
And it is in their interest,
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而且,
03:08
in their personal and financial interest,
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这也关乎他们的个人和经济利益,
03:10
to understand the consequences of a warming planet.
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去了解一个 正在变暖的星球引发的后果。
03:15
The strangeness or weirdness of these signs --
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这些标志也许怪异,
03:17
remember, these aren't political signs or "home for sale" signs,
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记住,这些不是 政治标志或“待出售房屋”标志,
03:20
these are elevation markers --
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这些是海拔标志,
03:21
is a key component to a socially engaged project
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是社会参与项目的关键组成部分,
03:25
that makes random people stop long enough to ask,
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它会让路人停下来问:
03:29
"What is this about?"
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“这是什么?”
03:31
And it is in that way
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正是通过这种方式,
03:33
that many of my neighbors realized
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我的许多邻居意识到,
03:35
that although they lived farther inland from the ocean,
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尽管他们生活在 离海洋更远的内陆,
03:38
they weren't necessarily less vulnerable to the rising seas.
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但不意味着 能脱离海平面上升的影响。
03:41
You see, in Miami, elevation generally increases as you move inland
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你看,在迈阿密, 当你向内陆移动时,
03:45
until you hit this ridge
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海拔通常会升高, 直到你撞上山脊,
03:47
and then it starts dropping
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然后,
03:49
as you approach the Florida Everglades, the River of Grass,
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当你接近 佛罗里达大沼泽地、格拉斯河
03:51
or what I call Miami's second coastline.
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或我所说的迈阿密第二海岸线时, 海拔开始下降。
03:55
As these yard signs were popping up --
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当这些院子里的标志突然出现时,
03:58
house by house, block by block --
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每家每户, 每个街巷,
04:00
I worked with schools to paint four street intersections
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我和学校一起用各自的海拔
04:03
with their respective elevations.
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绘制了四个街道交叉口。
04:05
We call that road Elevation Drive
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我们称这条路为“海拔驱动”,
04:08
because it showcased the elevation of a neighborhood,
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因为它展示了一个街区的海拔, 当你开车向内陆行驶时,
04:12
rising as you drove inland
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它会上升,
04:14
and then dropping after you crossed that barely noticeable ridge.
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然后在你穿过那条 几乎不显眼的山脊后下降。
04:19
And as if being flanked by bodies of water on both sides wasn't enough,
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仿佛两侧的水体还不够,
04:24
Miami has a third coastline.
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迈阿密还有第三条海岸线。
04:27
It's the water beneath our feet in the aquifer.
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这是我们脚下的含水层中的水。
04:32
This is where saltwater intrusion
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这是盐水入侵目前
04:35
is presently threatening our drinking water.
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威胁我们饮用水的地方。
04:39
And it is the reason why, when it comes to sea level rise,
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这就是为什么当海平面上升时,
04:42
dams are not a solution for Miami.
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水坝不是迈阿密的解决方案。
04:45
You see, my city is built on porous limestone rock,
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你看,我的城市建在 多孔的石灰岩上,
04:50
and the water will just come up through it.
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水会从这里涌上来。
04:54
Now, as information about this, about our project, started getting out,
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现在,当有关 我们的项目的信息开始传播后,
04:59
all hell broke loose.
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一切都变得一团糟。
05:01
People started calling the mayor's office,
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人们开始向市长办公室打电话,
05:03
"What are you doing?
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“你在做什么?
05:04
How are you supporting a project
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你怎么会支持一个
05:06
that's going to inherently diminish our property values?"
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会降低我们房屋财产价值的项目?”
05:09
And the realtors were aghast.
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房地产经纪人都惊呆了。
05:10
"How are we going to make sales in the neighborhood?"
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“我们以后还怎么 在附近地区卖房?”
05:13
This backlash, this desire to hide a number
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这种强烈的反对,
05:16
that's in every single one of our flood insurance documents
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这种想要隐藏数字的愿望,
05:20
made the city officials actually reconsider the support for the project.
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使城市官员重新思考 是否应该支持该项目。
05:25
But by then it was too late.
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但那时已经太晚了。
05:26
The project had broad community support.
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该项目已经得到了社区的广泛支持。
05:28
Hundreds of signs were all over the neighborhood.
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数百个标志随处可见。
05:31
People wanted to do something.
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人们想做点什么。
05:33
So, we convened monthly
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因此,
05:36
Underwater Homeowners Association meetings
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我们每月召开一次 水下房主协会会议,
05:40
where people came together
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人们聚集在一起,
05:41
and they learned from relevant scientists
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从相关科学家、
05:43
and experts and practitioners
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专家和从业人员那里学习,
05:45
and ultimately began planning for a future
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最终开始规划一个
05:49
with faulty septic tanks
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不完美的化粪池
05:51
and risky real estate
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和危险的房地产的未来,
05:54
and water that would rise,
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水会上升,
05:57
but unlike a hurricane storm surge,
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但与飓风风暴潮不同,
06:00
will not recede.
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水不会消退。
06:05
I want to emphasize what I'm talking about here.
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我想强调一下我在这里谈论的内容。
06:08
I'm talking about social practice, about socially engaged art.
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我说的是社会实践, 社会参与艺术。
06:11
The objects are important -- the yard signs, the street murals --
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物品很重要, 庭院标志、街道壁画,
06:15
but the art is the process.
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但艺术只是过程。
06:19
The art lives in the interaction,
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艺术存在互动中,
06:22
in the community coming together to plan to strategize.
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存在一起计划制定战略的社区中。
06:26
It is in this way
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正是通过这种方式,
06:27
that socially engaged art provides a mechanism
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社会参与艺术提供了一种机制,
06:30
that brings different people together
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将不同的人聚集在一起,
06:32
around a shared challenge.
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共同应对挑战。
06:35
And importantly,
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重要的是,
06:37
it generates a sense of agency, of responsibility.
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它产生了一种代理感和责任感。
06:42
I first started working with my neighbors on environmental issues
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我第一次开始与邻居一起 处理环境问题,
06:47
when I witnessed a destruction of wetlands
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是在开车前往佛罗里达群岛时
06:50
on a drive down to the Florida Keys.
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目睹了湿地遭到破坏。
06:53
Miles upon miles of mangroves were being bulldozed
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红树林正在被推土机推平,
06:56
to make space for a wider road.
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以便为更宽的道路腾出空间。
06:59
And I imagined someone driving down that road in the future
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我想象着 将来有人在这条路上开着车,
07:03
being clueless about the ecosystem
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对那里曾经繁荣的生态系统
07:05
that once thrived there.
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一无所知。
07:07
Just like many of us today
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就像我们今天的许多人
07:08
are oblivious to the nature we've already destroyed.
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都忘记了我们已经摧毁的自然。
07:13
So I used eco art.
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所以我使用了生态艺术。
07:15
I brought my neighbors, my South Floridians,
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我带着我的邻居, 我的南佛罗里达人,
07:17
on walks through majestic mangrove forests.
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在壮观的红树林中散步。
07:20
There we were, knee deep in water, crawling through mangrove roots.
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我们就在那里,膝盖深的水里, 在红树林的根部爬行。
07:25
And I would explain that these trees sequester carbon from the atmosphere.
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这些树木可以吸收大气中的碳。
07:28
They support biodiversity, they protect us from storm surges.
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它们支持生物多样性, 保护我们免受风暴潮的侵袭。
07:33
We collected mangrove propagules, seedlings,
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我们收集了红树林繁殖体和幼苗,
07:36
that we would then give to store owners on Lincoln Road,
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然后送给迈阿密海滩
07:39
the busiest shopping area in Miami Beach.
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最繁忙的购物区林肯路的店主。
07:42
We asked those store owners to grow those mangroves
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我们要求那些店主
07:47
as vertical nurseries right there inside their stores.
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在商店里种植红树林作为垂直苗圃。
07:51
Our volunteers put the seedlings in disposable cups
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我们的志愿者 把幼苗放在一次性杯子里,
07:54
and hung them on the merchant windows as installations
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挂在商人的窗户上,
07:57
that reference the city grid
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作为参考城市网格的装置,
07:59
that displaced the mangroves on that very barrier island.
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而城市网格 正是这个屏障岛上的红树林。
08:05
When the people walk by that store,
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当人们走过那家商店时,
08:09
it's really unexpected to see a bunch of mangroves in a window.
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意外地看到橱窗里有一堆红树林。
08:13
So they ask a store owner, "What is this about?"
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于是他们问一位店主: “这是怎么回事?”
08:16
The owner says, "These mangroves are reclaiming their island.
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店主说: “这些红树林正在开垦他们的岛屿。
08:18
Mangrove seedlings used to hang on this very location, on trees,
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在所有这些混凝土浇筑之前,
08:22
before all of this concrete was poured."
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红树林幼苗就一直挂在这个地方, 挂在树上。”
08:25
Well, when the installations came down after the seedlings were germinated,
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当幼苗发芽后, 这些装置安装时,
08:29
we planted them.
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我们种植了它们。
08:30
Twenty-five acres of them on Biscayne Bay.
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其中的 25 英亩位于比斯开湾。
08:33
But more importantly,
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但更重要的是,
08:35
we inspired thousands of South Floridians
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我们激励了成千上万的南佛罗里达人
08:38
to become environmental stewards,
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成为环境管理者,
08:41
to care for the environment.
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爱护环境。
08:42
We did this in partnership with dozens of schools, museums and libraries.
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我们与数十所学校、博物馆和图书馆
08:46
And it wasn't just about creating ecosystems above and below the water line.
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合作完成了这项工作。
08:52
It was about developing a cadre of eco emissaries,
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这是为了培养一批生态使者
08:57
of creative problem solvers.
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一批创造性问题的解决者。
09:00
Of Miamians, driven by empathy and love of community.
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一批受同情和 对社区的热爱驱使的迈阿密人。
09:06
Art did that. Art has that power.
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艺术做到了, 它有这种力量。
09:11
Art has the power to break down barriers and bridge divides.
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艺术有能力打破障碍, 弥合分歧。
09:15
Art can help us see things in different ways.
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艺术可以帮助我们 以不同的方式看待事物。
09:18
When you look at one of those yard signs with a number on it and ask,
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当你看着一个写着数字的院子标志,
09:22
“What is this about?” --
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问:“这是怎么回事?”
09:23
that's the moment when the seed of awareness is planted in you.
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那是意识的种子 在你身上播种的时刻。
09:28
We've piqued your curiosity.
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我们激起了你的好奇心。
09:31
When you're engaged in an eco art project and begin caring for mangroves,
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当你参与一个生态艺术项目, 开始照顾红树林,
09:34
walking in that forest, collecting them, sharing, talking about them,
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在森林里散步, 收集它们,分享,谈论它们,
09:38
installing them and then planting them,
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安装它们, 然后种植它们,
09:40
you begin to develop a personal connection with nature.
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你就开始与大自然建立个人联系。
09:46
Finding ways to provoke that moment of inquiry
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找到方法激发这一探究时刻,
09:51
and importantly,
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重要的是,
09:53
creating pathways for further action,
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为进一步行动创造途径,
09:56
that's what socially engaged art does.
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这就是社会参与艺术的作用。
10:00
And it is my hope that all of us, across all sectors,
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我希望我们所有人, 所有部门,
10:03
use the power of art.
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都能运用艺术的力量。
10:06
That universal language, the power of art,
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这种普遍的语言, 艺术的力量,
10:09
to engage our communities.
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让我们的社区参与进来。
10:12
So that individuals can tap into their own creativity
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这样, 个人就可以利用自己的创造力
10:16
and work with others in finding innovative approaches
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与他人一起寻找创新的方法,
10:20
to build a more just, a more loving and a more beautiful world.
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以建设一个 更公正、更有爱、更美好的世界。
10:26
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:27
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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