A Creative Approach to Community Climate Action | Xavier Cortada | TED

翻译人员: Yeyun Deng 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

When it comes to climate,

说到气候，

how do we stop preaching to the choir?

我们如何停止向唱诗班说教？

What can we do to grab the attention

我们能做些什么来吸引

of those individuals who are disengaged?

那些闲散的人的注意力呢？

I ask these questions as an artist, as an educator

作为一名艺术家和教育家，

and as a lifelong resident of Miami, Florida,

一位佛罗里达州迈阿密的永久居民，

one of the most climate-vulnerable cities in the United States.

我提出了这些问题，迈阿密是 美国气候最脆弱的城市之一。

In Miami, we're already seeing storm drains

在迈阿密， 我们已经看到暴雨后

that erupt with water after heavy rainfalls,

排水管和

and cars and properties that are damaged

汽车及房地产

due to flooding from high tide.

因涨潮洪水而受损。

And we've all seen the devastation of Hurricane Ian

我们都看到了飓风伊恩

as it barreled at 150 miles an hour,

以每小时 150 英里的速度狂飙，

bringing 10 feet of storm surge to the Gulf Coast,

给墨西哥湾海岸 带来了 10 英尺的风暴潮。

just two and a half hours from my home.

距离我家只有两个半小时。

My home sits at six feet above sea level.

我家位于海拔六英尺的地方。

But today, we see cranes populating [the] Miami skyline,

但今天，我们看到起重机 在迈阿密的天际线，

building more and more skyscrapers at the water’s edge.

在水边建造越来越多的摩天大楼。

Thanks to this brazen overdevelopment,

由于这种无耻的过度发展，

many Miamians aren't aware of the threat

许多迈阿密人没有意识到

that sea level rise poses to their families,

海平面上升对他们的家庭、

their homes and their communities.

家园和社区造成的威胁。

I myself wasn’t aware of just how dire Miami’s situation was

我自己也没意识到 迈阿密的情况有多严重，

until I traveled to Antarctica.

直到我去了南极洲。

I went there in 2006

2006 年，

as part of the National Science Foundation Antarctic Artists and Writers Program.

我作为国家科学基金会南极艺术家 和作家计划的成员前往那里。

I spoke with scientists there

我与那里的科学家交谈，

and I learned just how vulnerable my city was.

我才意识到迈阿密是多么脆弱。

I was standing on the very ice that threatened to melt

我站在一块冰上， 那块冰可能会融化

and drown the only place I've ever called home.

并淹没我唯一的家。

So I took that ice and I made art with it.

所以我拿走那块冰， 把它做成了艺术。

I took ice that glaciologists brought back from their field stations

我将冰川学家在野外考察站 带回来的冰融化后，

and melted it to create a series of Antarctic ice paintings,

制作了一系列南极冰画，

paintings made in Antarctica with Antarctica and about Antarctica.

这些画是在南极洲完成的， 与南极洲息息相关，

But they weren't just about Antarctica.

但他们不仅仅是关于南极洲，

They were about where Antarctica was going.

它们还谈论了南极洲的去向。

I returned to Miami transformed by that experience

我回到了迈阿密， 这个经历改变了我的生活，

and pivoted my art practice to one

并将我的艺术实践转向了一个

where for 15 years now I’ve been trying to ask,

15 年来我一直想问的问题：

how do we best engage the public around climate issues?

我们如何最大程度地 让公众参与气候问题呢？

Just a few years ago,

就在几年前，

I worked with the village of Pinecrest

我与皮恩克雷斯特村合作，

to develop a socially engaged art project

开展了一个社会艺术项目，

that would make sea level rise impossible to ignore.

这让人们正视海平面上升问题。

We called it The Underwater Homeowners Association.

我们称之为水下房主协会。

Let that sink in for a second.

让我们感受一下它。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We used those Antarctic ice paintings as the backdrop for yard signs

我们用这些南极冰画 作为庭院标志的背景，

that would map the elevation of people's homes.

来绘制人们房子的海拔。

People use an app to find out how many feet above sea level their homes are.

人们使用一个应用程序来了解 他们的家离海平面有多少英尺。

And then they would either paint that number on a yard sign

然后，他们把这个数字 画在院子的标志上，

or take home a pre-made one

或者将预先做好的标志带回家，

and they would place it in their front yards.

然后把它放在他们的前院。

Now, you can imagine, when your neighbor from across the street asks you

现在，你可以想象， 当你的邻居在街对面问你

what that number eight in front of your house means,

房子前面的数字 8 是什么意思时，

it's a perfect opportunity for you to tell them

这是个千载难逢的好机会， 你可以告诉他们，

that they too live at eight feet above the sea.

他们也住在海拔八英尺的地方。

And it is in their interest,

而且，

in their personal and financial interest,

这也关乎他们的个人和经济利益，

to understand the consequences of a warming planet.

去了解一个 正在变暖的星球引发的后果。

The strangeness or weirdness of these signs --

这些标志也许怪异，

remember, these aren't political signs or "home for sale" signs,

记住，这些不是 政治标志或“待出售房屋”标志，

these are elevation markers --

这些是海拔标志，

is a key component to a socially engaged project

是社会参与项目的关键组成部分，

that makes random people stop long enough to ask,

它会让路人停下来问：

"What is this about?"

“这是什么？”

And it is in that way

正是通过这种方式，

that many of my neighbors realized

我的许多邻居意识到，

that although they lived farther inland from the ocean,

尽管他们生活在 离海洋更远的内陆，

they weren't necessarily less vulnerable to the rising seas.

但不意味着 能脱离海平面上升的影响。

You see, in Miami, elevation generally increases as you move inland

你看，在迈阿密， 当你向内陆移动时，

until you hit this ridge

海拔通常会升高， 直到你撞上山脊，

and then it starts dropping

然后，

as you approach the Florida Everglades, the River of Grass,

当你接近 佛罗里达大沼泽地、格拉斯河

or what I call Miami's second coastline.

或我所说的迈阿密第二海岸线时， 海拔开始下降。

As these yard signs were popping up --

当这些院子里的标志突然出现时，

house by house, block by block --

每家每户， 每个街巷，

I worked with schools to paint four street intersections

我和学校一起用各自的海拔

with their respective elevations.

绘制了四个街道交叉口。

We call that road Elevation Drive

我们称这条路为“海拔驱动”，

because it showcased the elevation of a neighborhood,

因为它展示了一个街区的海拔， 当你开车向内陆行驶时，

rising as you drove inland

它会上升，

and then dropping after you crossed that barely noticeable ridge.

然后在你穿过那条 几乎不显眼的山脊后下降。

And as if being flanked by bodies of water on both sides wasn't enough,

仿佛两侧的水体还不够，

Miami has a third coastline.

迈阿密还有第三条海岸线。

It's the water beneath our feet in the aquifer.

这是我们脚下的含水层中的水。

This is where saltwater intrusion

这是盐水入侵目前

is presently threatening our drinking water.

威胁我们饮用水的地方。

And it is the reason why, when it comes to sea level rise,

这就是为什么当海平面上升时，

dams are not a solution for Miami.

水坝不是迈阿密的解决方案。

You see, my city is built on porous limestone rock,

你看，我的城市建在 多孔的石灰岩上，

and the water will just come up through it.

水会从这里涌上来。

Now, as information about this, about our project, started getting out,

现在，当有关 我们的项目的信息开始传播后，

all hell broke loose.

一切都变得一团糟。

People started calling the mayor's office,

人们开始向市长办公室打电话，

"What are you doing?

“你在做什么？

How are you supporting a project

你怎么会支持一个

that's going to inherently diminish our property values?"

会降低我们房屋财产价值的项目？”

And the realtors were aghast.

房地产经纪人都惊呆了。

"How are we going to make sales in the neighborhood?"

“我们以后还怎么 在附近地区卖房？”

This backlash, this desire to hide a number

这种强烈的反对，

that's in every single one of our flood insurance documents

这种想要隐藏数字的愿望，

made the city officials actually reconsider the support for the project.

使城市官员重新思考 是否应该支持该项目。

But by then it was too late.

但那时已经太晚了。

The project had broad community support.

该项目已经得到了社区的广泛支持。

Hundreds of signs were all over the neighborhood.

数百个标志随处可见。

People wanted to do something.

人们想做点什么。

So, we convened monthly

因此，

Underwater Homeowners Association meetings

我们每月召开一次 水下房主协会会议，

where people came together

人们聚集在一起，

and they learned from relevant scientists

从相关科学家、

and experts and practitioners

专家和从业人员那里学习，

and ultimately began planning for a future

最终开始规划一个

with faulty septic tanks

不完美的化粪池

and risky real estate

和危险的房地产的未来，

and water that would rise,

水会上升，

but unlike a hurricane storm surge,

但与飓风风暴潮不同，

will not recede.

水不会消退。

I want to emphasize what I'm talking about here.

我想强调一下我在这里谈论的内容。

I'm talking about social practice, about socially engaged art.

我说的是社会实践， 社会参与艺术。

The objects are important -- the yard signs, the street murals --

物品很重要， 庭院标志、街道壁画，

but the art is the process.

但艺术只是过程。

The art lives in the interaction,

艺术存在互动中，

in the community coming together to plan to strategize.

存在一起计划制定战略的社区中。

It is in this way

正是通过这种方式，

that socially engaged art provides a mechanism

社会参与艺术提供了一种机制，

that brings different people together

将不同的人聚集在一起，

around a shared challenge.

共同应对挑战。

And importantly,

重要的是，

it generates a sense of agency, of responsibility.

它产生了一种代理感和责任感。

I first started working with my neighbors on environmental issues

我第一次开始与邻居一起 处理环境问题，

when I witnessed a destruction of wetlands

是在开车前往佛罗里达群岛时

on a drive down to the Florida Keys.

目睹了湿地遭到破坏。

Miles upon miles of mangroves were being bulldozed

红树林正在被推土机推平，

to make space for a wider road.

以便为更宽的道路腾出空间。

And I imagined someone driving down that road in the future

我想象着 将来有人在这条路上开着车，

being clueless about the ecosystem

对那里曾经繁荣的生态系统

that once thrived there.

一无所知。

Just like many of us today

就像我们今天的许多人

are oblivious to the nature we've already destroyed.

都忘记了我们已经摧毁的自然。

So I used eco art.

所以我使用了生态艺术。

I brought my neighbors, my South Floridians,

我带着我的邻居， 我的南佛罗里达人，

on walks through majestic mangrove forests.

在壮观的红树林中散步。

There we were, knee deep in water, crawling through mangrove roots.

我们就在那里，膝盖深的水里， 在红树林的根部爬行。

And I would explain that these trees sequester carbon from the atmosphere.

这些树木可以吸收大气中的碳。

They support biodiversity, they protect us from storm surges.

它们支持生物多样性， 保护我们免受风暴潮的侵袭。

We collected mangrove propagules, seedlings,

我们收集了红树林繁殖体和幼苗，

that we would then give to store owners on Lincoln Road,

然后送给迈阿密海滩

the busiest shopping area in Miami Beach.

最繁忙的购物区林肯路的店主。

We asked those store owners to grow those mangroves

我们要求那些店主

as vertical nurseries right there inside their stores.

在商店里种植红树林作为垂直苗圃。

Our volunteers put the seedlings in disposable cups

我们的志愿者 把幼苗放在一次性杯子里，

and hung them on the merchant windows as installations

挂在商人的窗户上，

that reference the city grid

作为参考城市网格的装置，

that displaced the mangroves on that very barrier island.

而城市网格 正是这个屏障岛上的红树林。

When the people walk by that store,

当人们走过那家商店时，

it's really unexpected to see a bunch of mangroves in a window.

意外地看到橱窗里有一堆红树林。

So they ask a store owner, "What is this about?"

于是他们问一位店主： “这是怎么回事？”

The owner says, "These mangroves are reclaiming their island.

店主说： “这些红树林正在开垦他们的岛屿。

Mangrove seedlings used to hang on this very location, on trees,

在所有这些混凝土浇筑之前，

before all of this concrete was poured."

红树林幼苗就一直挂在这个地方， 挂在树上。”

Well, when the installations came down after the seedlings were germinated,

当幼苗发芽后， 这些装置安装时，

we planted them.

我们种植了它们。

Twenty-five acres of them on Biscayne Bay.

其中的 25 英亩位于比斯开湾。

But more importantly,

但更重要的是，

we inspired thousands of South Floridians

我们激励了成千上万的南佛罗里达人

to become environmental stewards,

成为环境管理者，

to care for the environment.

爱护环境。

We did this in partnership with dozens of schools, museums and libraries.

我们与数十所学校、博物馆和图书馆

And it wasn't just about creating ecosystems above and below the water line.

合作完成了这项工作。

It was about developing a cadre of eco emissaries,

这是为了培养一批生态使者

of creative problem solvers.

一批创造性问题的解决者。

Of Miamians, driven by empathy and love of community.

一批受同情和 对社区的热爱驱使的迈阿密人。

Art did that. Art has that power.

艺术做到了， 它有这种力量。

Art has the power to break down barriers and bridge divides.

艺术有能力打破障碍， 弥合分歧。

Art can help us see things in different ways.

艺术可以帮助我们 以不同的方式看待事物。

When you look at one of those yard signs with a number on it and ask,

当你看着一个写着数字的院子标志，

“What is this about?” --

问：“这是怎么回事？”

that's the moment when the seed of awareness is planted in you.

那是意识的种子 在你身上播种的时刻。

We've piqued your curiosity.

我们激起了你的好奇心。

When you're engaged in an eco art project and begin caring for mangroves,

当你参与一个生态艺术项目， 开始照顾红树林，

walking in that forest, collecting them, sharing, talking about them,

在森林里散步， 收集它们，分享，谈论它们，

installing them and then planting them,

安装它们， 然后种植它们，

you begin to develop a personal connection with nature.

你就开始与大自然建立个人联系。

Finding ways to provoke that moment of inquiry

找到方法激发这一探究时刻，

and importantly,

重要的是，

creating pathways for further action,

为进一步行动创造途径，

that's what socially engaged art does.

这就是社会参与艺术的作用。

And it is my hope that all of us, across all sectors,

我希望我们所有人， 所有部门，

use the power of art.

都能运用艺术的力量。

That universal language, the power of art,

这种普遍的语言， 艺术的力量，

to engage our communities.

让我们的社区参与进来。

So that individuals can tap into their own creativity

这样， 个人就可以利用自己的创造力

and work with others in finding innovative approaches

与他人一起寻找创新的方法，

to build a more just, a more loving and a more beautiful world.

以建设一个 更公正、更有爱、更美好的世界。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）