A Medical Mythbuster’s Mission to Improve Health Care | Joel Bervell | TED

翻译人员: QIN YECHAO 校对人员: Bruce Wang

I think in the face of any adversity,

我认为，面对任何逆境

communities of color have always found solutions.

有色人种社区总能找到解决方案。

I think for me, social media is one of those places and safe havens.

我认为对我来说，社交媒体就是 其中一个地方和避风港

Social media can be a positive change.

社交媒体可以带来一个积极的变化。

It can inform masses about really crucial issues

它可以让群众了解媒体日常忽视的那些关键的问题

that are often overlooked in the media.

My followers often are commenting on my videos saying,

我的粉丝经常在评论我的视频时说： “我在其他任何地方都没见过这个。”

"I haven't seen this anywhere else."

I think that social media can save lives when used in the right way.

我认为，社交媒体 如果使用得当，可以挽救生命。

My name is Joel Bervell,

我的名字叫乔尔·伯维尔，

I'm a fourth-year medical student,

我是一名四年级的医学生，

but I'm better known online as a medical mythbuster

但我在网上以医学神话终结者而闻名，

for creating content about health equity, the hidden history of medicine

因为我创造了健康公平的内容 隐藏而无法公开的医学史

and the ways that healthcare needs to change for communities of color.

以及有色人种社区医疗保健 需要改变的方式的内容。

When I first started medical school, it was a really interesting time.

当我第一次上医学院时， 那是一个非常有趣的时刻。

I was thinking a lot about Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor and George Floyd.

我经常想艾哈迈德·阿伯里 布雷娜·泰勒和乔治·弗洛伊德。

All these moments were happening at the same time

所有这些时刻都发生在我进入医学院第一年

that I entered my first year of medical school,

where myself and one other medical student were the only two Black medical students

我和另一名医学院学生是我们这所拥有200 名学生的学校中仅有的两名黑人医学生。

in our school of 200 students.

It made me think a lot

这让我思考了我们在美国是如何谈论种族的

about how we were talking about race in the United States

and what race meant in the context of being a medical student.

以及种族在成为医学生 的背景下意味着什么。

I kept hearing in my classes

我在课堂上一直听到黑人更容易患哮喘 以及更有可能感染COVID，

that Black people were more likely to have asthma,

more likely to get COVID,

Black people were more likely to have diabetes.

黑人更有可能患上糖尿病。

We never dived into the social or other political ramifications of why that was

我们从未从社会或其他政治影响 深入探讨过为什么有这种情况

and the history behind what led to those health disparities to exist.

以及导致这些健康差距存在的背后的历史。

Seeing the lack of diverse medical education in my curriculum

看到我的课程中缺乏多样化的医学教育

made me want to actually take to TikTok and Instagram

这让我真正想去抖音和Instagram 谈谈我在学校没有看到的事情

to talk about the things that I wasn't seeing in school.

(Video) My name is Joel, the medical mythbuster.

（视频）我叫乔尔，医学神话破坏者。

And let's talk about racial bias with the alpha-fetoprotein test.

让我们来谈谈甲胎蛋白测试中的种族偏见

Let's talk about racial biases in lung function tests.

让我们来谈谈肺功能测试中的种族偏见。

Let’s talk about the racialization of X-ray radiation.

让我们来谈谈X射线辐射的种族化。

The misguided racial correction built into this device, spirometer,

这种装置即肺活量计内置的误导性种族校正

it assumes that all Black and Asian patients

它假设与其他种族 相比 所有黑人和亚裔患者的肺功能都较低。

have a lower lung functioning compared to any other race.

Up to 93 percent of cervical cancers are preventable.

高达 93%的宫颈癌是可以预防的。

Yet in the United States, Latinos are more likely to be diagnosed with it,

然而，在美国，拉丁美洲人 更有可能被诊断出患有这种疾病，

and Black women are more likely to die from it.

而黑人女性则更有可能死于该病。

Looking back at this history teaches us is how racism becomes embedded

回顾这段历史告诉我们，除非我们对毫无意义的行为发出警报 ，

and unnoticed until we raise the alarm to practices that make no sense.

否则种族主义是很容易根深蒂固和被忽视的。

["When you go to medical school to learn how to heal people]

[“当你去医学院学习 如何治愈人们时]

[but also learn that racial biases still exist in medicine.]

[但也要知道医学中 仍然存在种族偏见。]

[So you start using social media to expose the racial biases and educate everyone]

[因此，你开始使用社交媒体来揭露 种族偏见并教育所有人]

So many of my videos,

所以我的许多视频，

a lot of the comments were from healthcare professionals: doctors, nurses, PAs,

很多评论都来自医疗保健专业人员： 医生、护士、PA，

saying, "I've never heard about this."

他们说：“我从未说过这件事。”

A study in 2016 was done and actually showed

2016年进行的一项研究实际上表明

that 50 percent of medical students or residents

50％的医学生或住院医师

endorse at least one false biological belief about differences

认同至少一种关于黑人与非黑人患者

between Black and non-Black patients.

之间差异的错误生物学观念。

So goes to show how the history of these biases

这表明这些偏见和观念的历史 如何持续到今天，

and stereotypes continue till today

and can impact the way that patients get care.

并可能影响患者获得护理的方式。

Because everyone, especially most Black people,

因为每个人，尤其是大多数黑人，

have had an experience in the hospital

都有过在医院感觉到自己没有被倾听的经历，

where they felt like they weren't listened to,

they were ignored, and they want to understand why.

他们被忽视而且他们想了解原因。

There's already legacies and histories

有色人种社区不信任医疗系统 已经有很久的历史渊源了。

of why communities of color don't trust the medical system.

You can look at so many things that have been done.

你可以看看已经做了很多事情。

(Video) In 1961, Fannie Lou Hamer went to the hospital

（视频）1961年，房利美卢·哈默去医院

for the removal of a small uterine tumor.

切除一个小子宫肿瘤。

While under anesthesia, she was given a hysterectomy without consent.

在麻醉期间，她未经同意接受了子宫切除术。

This woman's cells were used for research on COVID, polio,

这名女性的细胞曾用于COVID、脊髓灰质炎、

cancer and so much more, but they were taken without her consent.

癌症等方面的研究， 但这些细胞是在未经她同意的情况下采集的。

Dr. Sims practiced genital surgeries on enslaved Black women and children

西姆斯博士在没有任何麻醉的情况下 对被奴役的黑人妇女和儿童

without any anesthesia.

进行了生殖器手术。

Our job as physicians needs to be to be able to figure out

作为医生，我们的工作必须是能够弄清楚

what should and what shouldn’t stand

from past beliefs to present beliefs.

从过去的信念到现在的信念应该和不应该存在什么。

I think diversity, equity, inclusion is one way that we're able

我认为多元化、公平和包容性是我们 能够批判性地评估周围系统，

to critically evaluate the systems around us,

especially in medicine.

尤其是医学系统的一种方式。

Diversity, equity, inclusion one, is really important

多元化、公平、包容性等非常重要，

because it goes beyond race.

因为它超越了种族。

It goes to thinking about all aspects of our social identities

它涉及到我们社会身份的各个方面，

and how that interacts with the healthcare field.

以及它如何与医疗保健领域互动。

And two, it's necessary

第二，这是必要的，因为 我们服务的患者群体本身就多种多样。

just because the patient population we serve is diverse in itself.

So often there are places in medicine where it doesn't make sense to use race.

因此，医学中经常有一些地方 使用种族是没有意义的。

Whether that's through an equation that's about kidney functioning

无论是通过有关肾脏功能， 还是肺功能的方程式来实现。

or about lung functioning.

So being able to talk about DEI in that lens

因此，能够从这个角度 谈论DEI

allows us to critically evaluate why we use race-specific issues.

可以让我们批判性地评估 为什么要使用特定种族的问题。

If we're not able to accurately critique why race is included in systems,

如果我们无法准确地判断系统中为什么会包含种族，

and whether that's harming or helping patients,

以及这是在伤害还是帮助患者

we're unable to do our job of do no harm.

那么我们就无法完成 “不造成伤害” 的工作。

But there's a concerted effort to try

但是，人们正在齐心协力，努力从根本上 根除医学领域的多样性和公平性和包容性，

and essentially root diversity, equity, inclusion out of medicine,

people thinking that's negative in the medical field.

人们认为这种观点在医学领域是负面的。

If these anti-DEI bills continue to get passed,

如果这些反DEI法案继续获得通过，

I think we're going to see less diversity in medicine across the spectrum.

我认为我们将看到各领域医学的多样性减少。

I think we're going to see less access to research

我认为我们获得的研究的机会将会减少

that's really critically thinking about why we're using race

而这些研究是批判性地 思考我们为什么要使用种族

and being able to kind of recorrect that,

并能够纠正这种情况

which has already been difficult to get people to talk about in the first place.

而这本来已经很难让人们谈论了。

We're going to see scholarship programs dry up.

我们将看到奖学金计划枯竭。

We're going to see programs that are investing in the next generation go away.

我们将看到投资下一代的计划消失。

We're going to see students less interested in going into medicine,

我们将看到学生对进入医学领域的兴趣降低

simply because there's not investments into communities

这仅仅是因为没有对社区的 投资长期以来一直被忽视。

that have been overlooked for so long.

We're going to be set back to a time

我们将回到一个没有推动医学进步的时代 和积极伤害患者的时代

where we were not moving medicine forward

and actively harming patients.

I don't want to scare people away from the health care system,

我不想恐吓人们以使得他们远离医疗保健系统，

but I want them to know that they have the power

但我希望他们知道自己有能力

and there's information they can have when they get to the doctor

当他们去看医生时可以获得信息，

so they feel a little bit more confident.

这样他们就会感到更加自信。

When there's awareness, providers, patients, researchers

当有意识时，捐献者、患者、研究人员实际上 可以开始解决问题。

can actually start tackling a problem.

I think when we don't know it's a problem, we don't do anything about it.

我认为，当我们不知道这是个问题时， 我们对此无能为力。

I think there's just so many opportunities to use social media

我认为有太多的机会 可以利用社交媒体

as this ground for community to build and create advocacy

作为社区 建立和开展宣传活动

and hopefully create change.

并希望创造变革的基础。

I think especially when it comes to anti-DEI bills,

我认为， 尤其是在反 DEI 法案方面，

I think that's the space we're going into.

我认为这就是我们要进入的领域。

It can be a space to continue to learn,

它可以是一个继续学习、

educate and hopefully talk about how we can improve medicine overall.

教育并希望讨论 如何全面改善医学的空间。