Magic and Wonder in the Age of AI | David Kwong | TED

翻译人员: Yip Yan Yeung 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

I am both a magician

我既是魔术师

and a "New York Times" crossword puzzle constructor,

又是《纽约时报》的 填字游戏创作者，

and I think that all magic tricks are puzzles.

我认为所有魔术都是谜题。

Puzzles designed to fool your brain.

专为欺骗你的大脑而设计的谜题。

I'm also a self-described word nerd,

我也自称是一个“词汇书呆子”，

and I was thinking the other day about the word "wonder,"

有一天我在思考“奇迹” （wonder）这个词，

and the meaning of the word wonder.

以及“奇迹”这个词的意思。

What is wonder?

奇迹是什么？

Well, I'm not going to bore you with etymology for two reasons.

我不会用词源学来烦你， 原因有二。

Number one, because being bored by etymology is impossible,

第一，因为对词源学 感到无聊是不可能的，

because etymology is amazing.

因为词源学太神奇了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And number two, I looked it up.

第二，我查了一下。

And according to the online etymological dictionary,

根据在线词源词典，

the word wonder is ultimately of unknown origin,

奇迹这个词 追根溯源来历不明，

which is pretty perfect, right?

非常完美，对吧？

It's just one more thing for us to wonder about.

又一件我们可以思考 （wonder）的事。

Now this brings me to an interesting point.

这就说到了一个有趣的点。

Today, when we use wonder as a verb, it can be pretty humdrum.

我们现在把 wonder 用作动词时， 是很乏味的。

Like, "I wonder what she had for lunch."

比如，“我想知道（wonder） 她午餐吃了什么。”

Or as an adjective, same thing.

或者作为形容词，也是一样。

"Mm, this cake is wonderful."

“嗯，这个蛋糕 太棒了（wonderful）。”

That's just, like, pretty good cake.

就是“很不错的”蛋糕。

It's only when we use wonder as a noun that we get a sense of its true meaning.

只有当我们将 wonder 用作名词时， 才能感受到它的真正含义。

"The Great Pyramid of Giza,

“吉萨大金字塔，

the last remaining of the seven ancient wonders of the world."

仅剩的古代世界七大奇迹。”

A wonder is an experience or an object that defies explanation,

奇迹是一种体验或者事物， 它难以言喻，

that blows our mind,

它惊世骇俗，

that stirs within us that deep and undeniable sense of wonder.

它能激起我们内心深处 确确实实的惊奇感。

A wonder, therefore, is something that when we see it,

那么奇迹就是，当我们看到它时，

it makes us question what is possible.

它会让我们质疑什么是可能的。

We see something that is impossible, and there it is right in front of us.

我们看到了不可能的事， 就发生在我们眼前。

It's that disconnect,

正是这种脱节，

that yawning gap between shouldn't be and is

“不可能吧”和“真的发生了” 之间的巨大差距

that inspires wonder.

创造了奇迹。

And of course, when we think of wonder and wondrous times,

当然，当我们想到奇迹和奇妙时刻时，

it often helps to cast our minds back

通常会帮助我们回到

to an earlier age when, we assume, man's capacity for wonder was greater.

更早的时代，我们默认那时 人类创造奇迹的能力更强。

I mentioned the Great Pyramid of Giza before, and there was a time when,

我之前提到了吉萨大金字塔， 曾经有那么一刻，

for an ancient traveler winding their way up the Nile

一位古代旅行者沿着尼罗河前进，

and first catching sight of a perfectly symmetrical artificial mountain

第一次看到一座完美对称的人造山，

rising hundreds of feet above the desert floor,

高出沙漠地面数百英尺 ，

that it would have been simply unimaginable.

那简直是无法想象的。

It shouldn't be, but it is.

不可能，但确实如此。

And now, you know, we have the Burj Khalifa.

我们现在有了哈利法塔。

It's way bigger.

它要大得多。

And though most of us who aren't architects and engineers

尽管大多数不是建筑师和工程师的人

wouldn't say we know exactly how they built the Burj,

不能说我们很清楚 哈利法塔是怎么建造的，

we're pretty confident that somebody does with architecty-engineery stuff.

但是我们确信 懂建筑和工程的人是明白的。

It's possible.

这是“可能”的。

So that leads me to today's question.

这就说到了今天的问题。

Has too much technology robbed us of wonder?

过多的技术 是不是使我们失去了奇迹？

Have we traded in magic and mystery for cold, hard logic and logistics?

我们是否用魔法和神秘 换来了冰冷硬核的推理与执行？

Can we today, with our scientific sophistication,

如今的我们， 有着如此的科学复杂性，

ever recapture our ancestors' capacity for wonder?

能否重拾祖先创造奇迹的能力？

And I'm glad you asked, rhetorically.

我很高兴你这么问出了这个问题。

Because I would answer with a resounding yes.

因为我会掷地有声地回答“是”。

I would say that not only can we experience wonder

我想说，虽然有了现代奇迹 和科技进步，我们也能见证奇迹，

despite our modern marvels and technological advances,

but that we can experience more wonder because of them.

但也正因为它们， 我们能见证更多的奇迹。

We live in a world more wondrous

我们生活在一个比祖先 想象的还要奇妙的世界中，

than our ancestors ever could have imagined,

and technology isn't the barrier to unlocking wonder.

科技并不是创造奇迹的障碍。

It is the key.

这就是关键。

OK, look at this.

看看这个。

Rainbows.

彩虹。

We all love rainbows.

我们都喜欢彩虹。

How did those pretty colors get up in the sky?

那些美丽的颜色 是怎么出现在天空中的？

Now look at this.

再看这个。

The Pillars of Creation.

创生之柱。

As photographed by the Hubble Telescope in 1995.

由哈勃望远镜摄于 1995 年。

The Pillars of Creation are 7,000 light years from Earth

创生之柱距离地球 7000 光年，

and five light years tall.

高 5 光年。

Five light years tall.

五光年高。

Take that, rainbows.

彩虹，你看看人家。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And no Hubble telescope, and no Pillars of Creation.

没有哈勃望远镜， 就没有创生之柱。

I mean, they'd still be there, of course, but we would never be able to see them.

它们当然存在， 只是我们从来不会看见它们。

Advancements in technology increase our opportunities for wonder.

技术的进步 增加了我们见证奇迹的机会。

As a magician, I have the coolest job in the world.

作为一名魔术师， 我的工作是全世界最酷的。

I get to stand in a long line of men and women,

我站在满是男男女女、

of priests and shamans,

神父和萨满、

of wizards and witches

巫师和女巫的人群中，

who stand on the precipice of technological advancement

站在科技进步的前沿，

and look out from the cutting edge of mankind's achievement

站在人类成就的前沿展望，

into the eternal expanse of the unknown

目及浩瀚无垠的未知，

and say, "I can totally use this to screw with people's minds."

说道：“我就用这些来捉弄人们吧。”

Which brings us to AI.

这就说到了 AI。

You're all familiar with ChatGPT.

你们都熟悉 ChatGPT。

Have you played with it?

玩过吗？

Yes.

玩过。

Well, I've been experimenting with ChatGPT,

我一直在试验 ChatGPT，

and I've discovered that there's a fun little party trick that it can do

发现了如果你给它足够的信息， 它就能展示一个聚会才艺。

if you give it enough information.

It can make certain deductions.

它会做一些推理。

And I want to show you what I'm talking about.

我想展示一下我刚说的。

I have ChatGPT right here.

我打开了 ChatGPT。

And let's warm it up with, how about this,

来热身一下，输入这个吧，

please write a haiku about a TED talk in Paris.

“请写一首关于巴黎的 TED 的俳句。”

Here we go.

来了。

"Paris TED talk airs

“巴黎的 TED 播出了，

Ideas dance with Eiffel's grace

创意与埃菲尔铁塔的优雅共舞，

Wisdom blooms like spring."

智慧像春天一样绽放。”

That's nice.

太棒了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Alright.

好吧。

I want to try something with someone from the audience.

我想和观众一起尝试一下。

Do I have a volunteer who might want -- it's going to be painless, I promise.

有想参与的志愿者吗？ 不会有痛苦的，我保证。

Are you willing to join me?

你愿意加入我吗？

What is your name?

你叫什么？

François.

弗朗索瓦（François）。

That's a unique name here in Paris.

这是一个巴黎特有的名字。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Please join me, let's give François ...

请加入我，为弗朗索瓦……

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢。

Hello, hello.

你好，你好。

François, I'm going to put some information about you

弗朗索瓦，如果可以的话，

into ChatGPT, if that's OK.

我会在 ChatGPT 中输入 一些关于你的信息。

Alright, let's have some fun with it.

好，我们来玩一玩。

So I am here with Francois.

我和弗朗索瓦在一起。

F-r-a-n-c-o-i-s, right?

F-r-a-n-c-o-i-s，对吧？

I just wanted to make sure I got that right.

我只是想确认我拼对了。

Where are you from originally?

你的家乡是哪里？

Yes, there's a little thing,

没错，有个软音符，

but I don't know how to type the little thing.

但我不知道怎么输入软音符。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Where are you from originally?

你的家乡是哪里？

Right here, from Paris.

就是这里，来自巴黎。

What is your favorite food?

你最喜欢的食物是什么？

Francois: Very French, it's confit.

弗朗索瓦：很法式，油封肉。

David Kwong: Confit? Yes.

邝大卫（David Kwong）： 油封？是的。

C-o-n-f-i-t, yes, I do know that.

C-o-n-f-i-t， 是的，我知道它。

It's very fancy.

很华丽。

Do you have any pets?

你有宠物吗？

Francois: No.

弗朗索瓦：没有。

DK: Did you grow up with any pets?

DK：你的成长过程中养宠物了吗？

Francois: Yes.

弗朗索瓦：养了。

DK: What was your pet?

DK：你的宠物是什么？

Francois: A cat.

弗朗索瓦：一只猫。

DK: A cat named?

DK：你的猫名叫？

Francois: Pistache.

弗朗索瓦：开心果 （法语“Pistache”）。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

DK: You're going to have to spell that.

DK：你得把它拼出来。

Francois: Pistachio.

弗朗索瓦：开心果 （英语“Pistachio”）。

DK: Pistachio!

DK：开心果！

With an E? Pistache?

以 E 结尾？ 开心果（Pistache）？

Francois: Yes.

弗朗索瓦：是的。

DK: Pistache.

DK：开心果。

Is there a little thing? There's no little thing, OK.

有软音符吗？ 没软音符，好的。

And are you right-handed or left-handed?

你是右利手还是左利手？

Francois: Right.

弗朗索瓦：右利手。

DK: You are right-handed.

DK：你是右利手。

He is right-handed.

他是右撇子。

OK, so we have some information, watch this.

好的，我们有了一些信息， 看下面这句。

Please write a sea shanty about Francois.

请写一篇关于弗朗索瓦的船歌。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Verse one, "Now gather round, me hearties bold,

第一节：“勇敢的伙伴们集合吧， 我要讲一个宏伟又古老的神话，

I'll tell a tale so grand and old

Of Francois from Paris town

讲述来自巴黎的弗朗索瓦，

Whose adventures will astound."

他的冒险故事名震天下。”

That's great. What else?

太棒了。还有吗？

"Oh, Francois,

“哦，弗朗索瓦，

A man so fine with a cat named Pistache

他对那只叫“开心果”的猫真好。

Were they intertwined?

他们形影不离吗？

He sailed the seas with the spirit high, a true sailor reaching for the sky."

他精神抖擞，航行大海， 真正的水手路在天涯。”

That's very good.

非常好。

Alright.

好。

I would like to play a little game with you.

我想和你一起玩个小游戏。

Alright?

好吗？

Thank you so much for volunteering.

感谢你主动参与。

I have here an envelope -- this is still going.

我这里有个信封…… 它还在写。

This is a long sea shanty.

真是一首很长的船歌。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

"Raise your voices, sing his praise --"

“大声唱，赞美他……”

OK, this is my prediction envelope.

好，这是我的预测信封。

We'll come back to this in just a little bit.

我们一会儿再回来看它。

I'm going to put this right here, OK.

我把它放在这里，好。

Francois, we're going to play a game of which hand.

弗朗索瓦，我们来玩猜手游戏。

I have a coin here, OK?

我这里有一枚硬币，好吗？

In a moment you're going to put it behind your back,

过一会你把它放在背后，

and you're going to put it in one of your two fists OK?

放在一只拳头里，好吗？

But let me add another layer here.

但是我要再加一层。

Can you please think of your favorite color?

你能想想你最喜欢的颜色吗？

Anything.

任何颜色。

What do you have?

想到了什么？

Tell me please. Blue.

请告诉我。蓝色。

And then think of another color.

再想一种颜色。

Anything, really.

什么都行，真的。

Go ahead, tell me.

来，告诉我。

OK, blue and red that's perfect, great.

好的，蓝色和红色， 完美，很棒。

Can you please come forward with your two hands,

你能不能伸出双手向前，

put the coin in one of them.

其中一只手拿着硬币。

If the coin is in your left hand, I want you to think of blue.

如果硬币在你的左手中， 请你想到蓝色。

And if it's in your right hand, I want you to think of red.

如果在你的右手中， 请你想到红色。

And let that color just rise up throughout you

我在向 ChatGPT 输入时， 这个颜色会流经你的全身，

and project it into the room as I type into ChatGPT.

投射到这个房间里。

Francois has hidden a coin in one of two hands.

弗朗索瓦在一只手里 藏了一枚硬币。

I've assigned the left hand the color blue

我将左手指定为蓝色

and the right hand the color red.

右手指定为红色。

Which hand has the coin?

哪只手里有硬币？

Let's see what ChatGPT says.

我们来看看 ChatGPT 怎么说。

"As an AI language model,

“作为 AI 语言模型，

I can't exactly determine what happens in the physical world,

我无法准确确定 物理世界中会发生什么，

but based on the information provided,

但根据所提供的信息，

Francois would likely hide the coin in the blue hand."

弗朗索瓦很可能 将硬币藏在了蓝色的手中。”

Are you thinking of blue?

你在想蓝色吗？

Yes, indeed, show everybody the blue hand has the coin.

是的，没错，给大家看看 蓝色的手里有硬币。

Very nice, OK.

很不错，好的。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Now, of course, that could just be 50-50, right?

当然，概率可能是一半一半，对吧？

So let's try it again.

所以我们再试一次。

Would you put it behind your back again?

你能再把它放在背后吗？

And could you please name for me any animal you like?

你能说出你喜欢的动物是什么吗？

Francois: A cat.

弗朗索瓦：猫。

DK: A cat, good.

DK：猫，很好。

And then maybe something completely different,

再说一个截然不同的动物。

Like from the zoo.

比如动物园里的。

A lion, wonderful.

狮子，太棒了。

Would you please come out with your two fists again?

你能再伸出两只拳头吗？

Go ahead, mix it up, make it difficult.

请交换交换，搞得难一点。

Don't put it in your back pocket.

别把它放在后裤兜里。

Yes, OK, OK.

好，好，好。

So just like before, I want you to think, alright?

就像刚才一样， 请你想一想，好吗？

If the coin is in your right hand, I want you to think of cat.

如果硬币在你的右手中， 请想到猫。

If it's in your left hand, I want you to think of lion, alright?

如果在你的左手中， 请想到狮子，好吗？

I want the spirit of this animal to take over.

我们要用动物的精神力量了。

Now don't jump up and down, OK?

不要上下跳动，好吗？

But let the spirit project that animal into the room.

让精神力量将动物投射到这间房里。

And here we are.

来了。

Francois is hiding a coin

弗朗索瓦在一只手里 藏了一枚硬币。

in one of his two hands.

I've assigned the right hand the cat

我已经将右手指定为猫，

and the left hand the lion.

左手指定为狮子。

Which hand has the coin?

哪只手里有硬币？

And ChatGPT says:

ChatGPT 说：

"Based on the information provided,

“根据所提供的信息，

Francois would hide the coin in the lion hand."

弗朗索瓦会把硬币 藏在狮子的手里。”

Are you thinking of lion?

你在想狮子吗？

Would you show everybody the lion hand?

你能给大家看狮子那只手吗？

Look at that.

看吧。

Two for two, that's good.

全中，很棒。

That's good.

很棒。

Let's try one more time.

我们再试一次。

How about fruit and vegetables?

水果和蔬菜怎么样？

Go ahead and name two.

来说出两样。

Two things, anything you like.

两样东西，随你喜欢。

Francois: Apple and strawberry.

弗朗索瓦：苹果和草莓。

DK: What was the first one?

DK：第一个是什么？

Francois: Apple.

弗朗索瓦：苹果。

DK: Apple and strawberry.

DK：苹果和草莓。

My French is not very good.

我的法语不太好。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Apple and strawberry.

苹果和草莓。

Wonderful.

太棒了。

OK, come out like this.

好，这么做。

Alright, so if the coin is in your right hand,

好，如果硬币在你的右手中，

I want you to think of apple.

请想到苹果。

If it's in your left hand, I want you to think of strawberry.

如果在你的左手中， 请想到草莓。

And I want you to think about what that fruit tastes like.

请想象那种水果的味道。

And really project that feeling into the room as I type here.

我在这里打字时， 真的将这种味道投射到房间里。

Francois has a coin in one of his hands.

弗朗索瓦的一只手里拿着一枚硬币。

I've assigned apple to the right hand.

我已经把苹果指定给了右手。

And strawberry to the left.

将草莓指定给了左手。

Which hand has the coin?

哪只手里有硬币？

And ChatGPT says:

ChatGPT 说：

"Based on the previous information,

“根据之前的信息，

Francois would likely hide the coin in the apple hand."

弗朗索瓦很可能把硬币 藏在了苹果的手中。”

Were you thinking of apple?

你在想苹果吗？

You don't look very happy about this.

你看起来对此不太满意。

But show everybody that you were thinking of apple.

但是给大家看看你在想苹果。

And it's in the apple hand.

就在苹果的手中。

It is indeed right there, very nice, good.

就在那里，非常好，很棒。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Now ChatGPT just had all the fun.

ChatGPT 玩得很开心。

So now it's my turn to try to have a little deduction here, OK?

轮到我来用它做点推理了，好吗？

So I would like you please to, in a moment, think of a country.

请迅速想到一个国家。

Don't say it out loud.

不要说出来。

There are nearly 200 countries in the world, think of one.

世界上有将近 200 个国家，想一个。

You got one?

想到了吗？

Look right here.

看着这里。

Look right here, OK.

看着这里，好的。

And let's see, so it was apple, alright, the lion.

是苹果，好吧，狮子。

Mhm, OK.

嗯，好吧。

I have an idea.

我有个主意。

I have an idea.

我有个主意。

Yes or no.

是或不是。

Is it Cuba?

是古巴吗？

No it's not, but that's OK, good.

不，不是，但没关系，很好。

Alright, interesting.

好吧，有趣。

I did not get the country initially,

我第一次没猜对国家，

but I am going to ask ChatGPT

但我要再问 ChatGPT

a few more questions to see if it can make some deductions here

几个问题，看看它能否

about what you're thinking.

根据你的想法进行一些推理。

So let's do this.

来吧。

Name a musician from 1899 --

说出一位 1899 年的 音乐家的名字……

Born, born --

出生，出生……

Name a musician born in 1899.

说出一个出生于 1899 年的 音乐家的名字。

How about this?

这个问题吧。

A world leader, born in AD --

一位世界领袖，出生于公元——

I'm going to go way back -- AD 37,

我要追溯到公元 37 年，

an athlete from 1942,

一个 1942 年的运动员，

and a writer,

一个作家，

let's do a British writer from 1865.

来一个 1865 年的英国作家。

Here we are.

来了。

"Certainly, here are the individuals.

“当然，以下就是你要的人物。

Musician born in 1899, Duke Ellington."

1899 年出生的音乐家， 艾灵顿公爵。”

Very good.

非常好。

"A Roman emperor, born in AD 37, Nero.

“一位罗马皇帝， 生于公元 37 年，尼禄。

An athlete born in 1942, Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Clay,

生于 1942 年的穆罕默德·阿里 （Muhammad Ali），

原名卡修斯·克莱 （Cassius Clay），

and for the British writer," good,

还有英国作家，”很好，

"born in 1865, Rudyard Kipling."

“生于 1865 年，鲁德亚德·吉卜林 （Rudyard Kipling）。”

Do these people from history mean anything to you?

这些历史人物 对你来说有什么意义吗？

No, but that's OK.

没有，但没关系。

That's OK, they will in just a minute.

没关系，一分钟内会有意义的。

Because I had a prediction before in this envelope.

因为我之前在这个信封里留下过预测。

And I'm going to show you now what it says.

我现在要告诉你它写了什么。

It says,

上面写着：

"I will not get the country initially."

“我一开始（initially） 会猜不出这个国家。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

This initially is a double entendre.

这个“一开始”是双关 （double entendre）。

How's my French, entendre?

我的法语怎么样， 听得懂吗（entendre）？

Terrible, right?

太糟糕了，对吧？

Entendre.

Entendre。

It means two things, initially.

“一开始”有两层含义。

Let's go back to ChatGPT.

我们再回到 ChatGPT。

Please list the initials of the people

请列出我刚才问到的人的

I just asked about.

姓名首字母缩写（initial）。

Are you ready?

准备好了吗？

What was the country you were thinking of before?

你刚才想的是哪个国家？

Francois: Denmark.

弗朗索瓦：丹麦（Denmark）。

DK: Denmark, watch this.

DK：丹麦，看这个。

ChatGPT says,

ChatGPT 说：

"Duke Ellington, DE,

“埃灵顿公爵——DE，

Nero, N

尼禄——N，

Muhammad Ali, MA and Rudyard Kipling, RK."

穆罕默德·阿里——MA， 鲁德亚德·吉卜林——RK。”

That's D-E-N-M-A-R-K, that's Denmark.

D-E-N-M-A-R-K，就是丹麦。

Let's give Francois a big round of applause.

让我们给弗朗索瓦送上热烈的掌声。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

That was ...

那是……

(Applause)

（掌声）

That was fun and magical.

有趣又神奇。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

And that leads us back to wonder.

这这让我们又说回了奇迹。

We said at the beginning that wonder was questioning what is possible.

一开始，我们说 奇迹质疑了什么是可能的。

And here's the thing.

是这样的。

It's the questioning that's important.

“质疑”才是最重要的。

The Pillars of Creation,

创生之柱，

those unthinkably vast clouds of stardust.

那些不可思议的巨大星尘云。

They existed long before us, and they'll exist long after.

它们远远早于我们存在， 而且会一直存在。

And they are beautiful

它们之所以美丽，

because we are lucky enough to be able to gaze upon them.

是因为我们有幸能够看见它们。

Their beauty is in our seeing.

它们的美丽在我们的眼中。

When we approach the world with wonder,

当我们走进有着奇迹的世界，

it's not the answers that we find that ultimately give our lives meaning,

最终赋予我们生命意义的不是答案，

it is the questions.

而是问题。

The meaning is in our asking.

意义在我们的问题中。

Because any technology,

因为任何技术，

no matter how exciting or novel or sophisticated,

无论多么令人兴奋、新颖或复杂，

is meaningless without the human beings at the center.

如果不是以人为中心， 都是毫无意义的。

We, and we alone have the unique privilege to look with fresh eyes,

我们，也只有我们 有幸用全新的眼光审视，

to ask the bigger question.

提出更宏大的问题。

So look.

所以，看。

Ask.

问。

Do not let go to waste the gift that we alone possess:

不要放手、浪费我们特有的天赋：

our capacity for wonder.

我们领悟奇迹的能力。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）