A Climate Solution? The Wisdom Passed Down Through Generations | Louise Mabulo | TED

45,382 views ・ 2024-05-06

TED


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翻译人员: Vivian 'Yiwen' Zhao 校对人员: suya f.
00:08
When I was a little girl, my parents would take me outside
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当我还是个小女孩的时候, 我的父母会带我到外面,
00:12
and show me all the incredible ways
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并展示所有不可思议的,
00:14
that they would take care of our land to produce good food.
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保护我们的土地 和生产优质食物的方法
00:19
And I would begrudgingly follow them out
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我会勉强地跟着他们
00:21
and listen to the stories that they had to say.
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听听他们要讲的故事。
00:23
And their pieces of advice would range from totally rational and practical
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有些内容完全合理和实用,
00:29
to absolutely bizarre.
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有些却极其奇怪。
00:31
For example, my grandfather would say,
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例如,我的祖父会说:
00:35
"Hey Louise, if you want to plant good root crops this season,
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“露易丝,如果你想在这个季节, 种植好的块根作物,”
00:38
what you should do is plant some rocks underneath your sweet potatoes."
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“你应该在红薯下面放一些石头。”
00:43
And I would look at him and be like,
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然后我会看着他说:
00:45
“OK, Grandpa, sure. I totally believe you.”
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“好吧,爷爷,我完全相信你。”
00:49
And my grandmother would say,
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然后我的祖母会说,
00:51
"OK, to have the best harvest of fruits from the fruit-bearing trees this season,
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“为了让这个季节的果树 收成最好的果实,”
00:57
you want to be able to plant according to lunar cycles.
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“你要根据月球周期进行种植。”
01:00
You want to plan towards the full moon and never towards a new moon."
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“你要朝着满月做计划, 永远不要计划到新月。”
01:05
And I would look at her and say, "What?"
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我会看着她说:“什么?”
01:08
And my dad, most bizarrely of all,
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最奇怪的是我爸,
01:10
would say, "If you want to sift rice or cocoa nibs to get rid of all the dust,
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他说:“如果你想筛选大米粒 或可可豆粒里的灰尘,
01:14
the best thing that you can do is to whistle a certain tone
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最好的做法 就是用某种音调吹口哨
01:19
to harness the wind."
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以此来利用风的力量。”
01:21
And I'd be like, "Dad, like airbending?"
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然后我会想, “降世神通里的御气术吗?”
01:25
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:26
"OK, sure."
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“好吧。”
01:27
So as I grew up, I would ask them,
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所以在我的成长过程中, 我会问他们,
01:29
"Why? Why do we do all these weird, strange things," right?
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“为什么?我们为什么 要做这些奇怪的事情?’
01:33
And my relatives and my family would come up to me and be like,
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然后我的亲戚和家人会说,
01:36
"Louise, here's the thing.
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“露易丝,事情是这样的。
01:38
Your grandparents are kind of crazy. So this is just traditions.
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你的祖父母有点疯狂。 这些只是传统。
01:41
You don't have to think about it. It's fine."
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没关系,你不必过度思考。”
01:44
But my work has put me at the frontlines of the climate crisis,
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但我的工作使我站在 气候危机的前线,
01:48
working with communities and farmers to build resilient agroforests
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与社区和农民合作, 建设有弹性的农业森林,
01:53
that really react best
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这些森林可以更好的抵抗
01:55
to the intense super typhoons that we experience.
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我们常见的超级台风。
01:59
I established an initiative called the Cacao Project,
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我发起了一项名为 “可可项目” 的计划,
02:02
which works to build these resilient agroforests
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旨在建设这些 富有弹性的农业森林,
02:04
and work closely with farmers
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并与农民密切合作,
02:06
to understand how we could best steward our ecosystems and landscapes.
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以了解我们如何才能 最好地管理生态系统和景观。
02:11
And over the years, I've been able to really do my best dream job,
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这些年来,我能够从事 我梦寐以求的工作,
02:16
which is make chocolates for restoration.
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那就是制作用于修复的巧克力。
02:20
And I have the best job, I know.
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我知道我有着最好的工作。
02:21
I get to eat chocolates, talk to farmers,
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我可以吃巧克力,和农民说话,
02:23
live on the land and have such a good life.
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在陆地上生活, 有着美好的人生。
02:26
And we look at the ways
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我们还研究
02:27
that we can marry practical, traditional knowledge techniques
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如何将实用的传统知识技术
02:30
with modern science and know-how,
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与现代科学和专有技术相结合,
02:33
so that we could really put a spotlight
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这样我们才能真正关注,
02:36
on those simple, practical solutions that react effectively to climate change.
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聚焦那些简单和实用的 气候变化解决方案。
02:42
Now over the years I’ve trained with farmers,
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这些年来, 我一直在为农民提供培训,
02:45
and we make sure that learning is a two-way street
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我们确保学习是一条双向的道路
02:49
where we listen to the stories that they have to say,
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我们倾听他们所说的故事,
02:51
but also be able to teach them regeneration.
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同时教他们农业再生技巧。
02:54
So very simple concepts,
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这些概念非常简单,
02:55
like putting more carbon back in the soil than we take from it,
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比如向土壤中排放的碳量 要高于从土壤中摄取的量,
02:59
or maybe planting the crops that are suited to our ecosystems
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或者种植适合我们生态系统
03:02
and our landscapes.
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和景观的作物。
03:04
And even propagating the life
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甚至传播
03:06
that strengthens our forests and our trees.
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能增强森林和树木的生物。
03:11
And as I was talking to these farmers,
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当我与这些农民交谈时,
03:14
these crazy stories started resurfacing,
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一些疯狂的故事开始浮出水面,
03:18
and I said, "OK, hang on, hang on. Maybe they're on to something here."
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我说:“等一下, 或许这些故事有其依据。”
03:22
So together with our farmers, we started kind of trying it out.
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因此,我们开始和农民一起实验。
03:26
OK, let's plant some rocks here and see what happens.
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让我们在这里种一些石头, 看看会发生什么?
03:30
OK, let's plant according to the lunar cycles.
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让我们根据月球周期进行种植。
03:33
And for some reason, every single time that we would do that,
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不知为何,我们每次这样做时,
03:36
it would work.
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都会奏效。
03:37
When we plant rocks under sweet potatoes,
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当我们将石头埋在红薯下,
03:40
they were better, sweeter, just more delicious.
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它们更好、更甜、更美味。
03:42
Every time we planted according to lunar cycles,
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每当我们按照月球周期进行种植,
03:44
we'd have delicious harvests.
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收成都会更美味。
03:46
And I thought, maybe, what if all of these weird stories
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我想,或许这些奇怪的故事
03:50
are just kind of decades of peer review
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可被视为几十年的同行评审,
03:55
that has passed down from grandmother to grandson,
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从祖母传给孙子,
03:58
from father to daughter,
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从父亲到女儿,
03:59
in the ways that they best knew how?
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以最熟悉的方式传下来。
04:02
And maybe Grandma wasn't so crazy after all.
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看来奶奶并不是疯狂的老人。
04:06
So I quickly learned that lunar cycles
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因此,我去学习并了解到,
04:10
were actually tied to insect flight activity and reproduction
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月球周期实际上与昆虫的 飞行活动和繁殖息息相关,
04:14
that made better pollinators, so more fruits.
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昆虫的传粉媒介更好, 果实也更多。
04:18
It was tied to irrigation and water patterns.
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它也与灌溉和用水模式有关。
04:21
And I thought, wow, that is so cool.
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然后我想, “哇,这也太酷了。”
04:23
So my grandmother had a point. I digress.
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所以祖母的话是有道理的。 我离题了。
04:27
It turns out planting rocks under root crops,
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事实证明, 在块根作物下种植岩石,
04:30
it meant that you were just actually making better drainage,
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实际上改善了排水系统,
04:34
but also it was creating this inviting ecosystem
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但同时也创造了 一个诱人的生态系统,
04:38
for worms and little creatures to live under.
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它吸引了蠕虫和小生物。
04:40
And they were just natural fertilizers.
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而这些生物是天然的肥料。
04:44
So, awesome, Granddad was right.
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这方法太棒了, 爷爷说的都是对的。
04:47
And whistling for wind,
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还有吹口哨呼风这件事,
04:49
well ...
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好吧……
04:51
I wish I could give you a scientific explanation.
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我希望我能给你 一个科学的解释。
04:53
I have no idea how that works, but every time I ask my dad,
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我不知道其原理, 但每当我问我爸,
04:57
“Can you bring me out to a field and whistle?”
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“你能带我到田野里吹口哨吗?”
05:01
a light breeze would always seem to blow.
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似乎总是会有微风吹过。
05:05
And it was magic. I was like, what is this sorcery?
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特别神奇。 我当时想,这是什么巫术?
05:10
So what if all of these invisible pieces of knowledge
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我们来设想下, 或许这些无形的知识
05:14
are actually keys to how we can best curate
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都是一些可以帮助我们更好的
05:17
our stewardship to our landscapes,
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管理景观的关键点呢?
05:20
how we could best create resilience in our ecosystems and forests
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创造最有复原能力的 生态系统和森林
05:23
to react better to climate change.
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以更好地应对 气候变化的关键。
05:25
And all of this knowledge exists
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所有这些知识都存在于 国家和社区中,
05:28
in countries and communities, and traditions and stories
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也存在于我们家庭的
05:31
within our families.
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传统和故事中。
05:32
And as a young person who works in the environmental field,
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作为环境领域工作的年轻人,
05:36
I think it is so cool to have that kind of responsibility
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我认为这种将知识 传递给下一代的责任感,
05:39
to carry this knowledge on to the next generation,
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将这些古老信息传递至现代,
05:42
to transfer this information over into our modern age
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并能够阐明它们为何起作用,
05:45
and be able to articulate why they work.
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是件非常酷的事。
05:48
Because maybe the solutions to our climate crisis,
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因为,或许, 气候危机的解决方案,
05:51
maybe the next big fix-all,
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人们寻找的万能解决方案,
05:54
isn't just this one big, amazing, sparkling solution.
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不是一个宏伟、神奇、 闪亮的解决方案。
05:58
Maybe it exists in the soils under our feet.
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也许它存在于 我们脚下的土壤中。
06:01
Maybe it’s in the wind that blows in the air
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也许是空中飘荡的风,
06:03
or the sunlight that beats down on us.
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或是照射在我们身上的暖阳。
06:05
Or maybe it exists in the crazy, wild stories of our grandmothers.
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或许它存在于 我们祖母的疯狂故事中。
06:11
And it is such an honor to think that maybe these amazing solutions
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这些神奇的解决方案,
06:17
are actually an opportunity for us to build something
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实际上给予了我们 一个建设的机会,
06:22
that embodies the wisdom of our communities, of our families
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以我们的社区、家庭和景观 代代相传的智慧为基石,
06:27
and of our landscapes over years and generations.
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想到这里,我倍感荣幸。
06:31
And as a young person carrying that on,
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作为一个传承人,
06:33
I think, wow, we have some exciting magic in our planet to offer,
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我认为我们的地球 提供了很多魔法,
06:40
and hopefully we can harness that power
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希望我们能利用这种力量,
06:42
and all this sorcery and secret bits of knowledge
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以及这些巫术和秘密知识,
06:45
to do something really great with it in different parts of the world
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为世界的各个角落 带来美好的变化,
06:49
that curate our stewardship to our planet.
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为我们的地球尽职尽责。
06:52
With that, thank you.
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谢谢。
06:54
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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