A Climate Solution? The Wisdom Passed Down Through Generations | Louise Mabulo | TED

翻译人员: Vivian 'Yiwen' Zhao 校对人员: suya f.

When I was a little girl, my parents would take me outside

当我还是个小女孩的时候， 我的父母会带我到外面，

and show me all the incredible ways

并展示所有不可思议的，

that they would take care of our land to produce good food.

保护我们的土地 和生产优质食物的方法

And I would begrudgingly follow them out

我会勉强地跟着他们

and listen to the stories that they had to say.

听听他们要讲的故事。

And their pieces of advice would range from totally rational and practical

有些内容完全合理和实用，

to absolutely bizarre.

有些却极其奇怪。

For example, my grandfather would say,

例如，我的祖父会说：

"Hey Louise, if you want to plant good root crops this season,

“露易丝，如果你想在这个季节， 种植好的块根作物，”

what you should do is plant some rocks underneath your sweet potatoes."

“你应该在红薯下面放一些石头。”

And I would look at him and be like,

然后我会看着他说：

“OK, Grandpa, sure. I totally believe you.”

“好吧，爷爷，我完全相信你。”

And my grandmother would say,

然后我的祖母会说，

"OK, to have the best harvest of fruits from the fruit-bearing trees this season,

“为了让这个季节的果树 收成最好的果实，”

you want to be able to plant according to lunar cycles.

“你要根据月球周期进行种植。”

You want to plan towards the full moon and never towards a new moon."

“你要朝着满月做计划， 永远不要计划到新月。”

And I would look at her and say, "What?"

我会看着她说：“什么？”

And my dad, most bizarrely of all,

最奇怪的是我爸，

would say, "If you want to sift rice or cocoa nibs to get rid of all the dust,

他说：“如果你想筛选大米粒 或可可豆粒里的灰尘，

the best thing that you can do is to whistle a certain tone

最好的做法 就是用某种音调吹口哨

to harness the wind."

以此来利用风的力量。”

And I'd be like, "Dad, like airbending?"

然后我会想， “降世神通里的御气术吗？”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

"OK, sure."

“好吧。”

So as I grew up, I would ask them,

所以在我的成长过程中， 我会问他们，

"Why? Why do we do all these weird, strange things," right?

“为什么？我们为什么 要做这些奇怪的事情？’

And my relatives and my family would come up to me and be like,

然后我的亲戚和家人会说，

"Louise, here's the thing.

“露易丝，事情是这样的。

Your grandparents are kind of crazy. So this is just traditions.

你的祖父母有点疯狂。 这些只是传统。

You don't have to think about it. It's fine."

没关系，你不必过度思考。”

But my work has put me at the frontlines of the climate crisis,

但我的工作使我站在 气候危机的前线，

working with communities and farmers to build resilient agroforests

与社区和农民合作， 建设有弹性的农业森林，

that really react best

这些森林可以更好的抵抗

to the intense super typhoons that we experience.

我们常见的超级台风。

I established an initiative called the Cacao Project,

我发起了一项名为 “可可项目” 的计划，

which works to build these resilient agroforests

旨在建设这些 富有弹性的农业森林，

and work closely with farmers

并与农民密切合作，

to understand how we could best steward our ecosystems and landscapes.

以了解我们如何才能 最好地管理生态系统和景观。

And over the years, I've been able to really do my best dream job,

这些年来，我能够从事 我梦寐以求的工作，

which is make chocolates for restoration.

那就是制作用于修复的巧克力。

And I have the best job, I know.

我知道我有着最好的工作。

I get to eat chocolates, talk to farmers,

我可以吃巧克力，和农民说话，

live on the land and have such a good life.

在陆地上生活， 有着美好的人生。

And we look at the ways

我们还研究

that we can marry practical, traditional knowledge techniques

如何将实用的传统知识技术

with modern science and know-how,

与现代科学和专有技术相结合，

so that we could really put a spotlight

这样我们才能真正关注，

on those simple, practical solutions that react effectively to climate change.

聚焦那些简单和实用的 气候变化解决方案。

Now over the years I’ve trained with farmers,

这些年来， 我一直在为农民提供培训，

and we make sure that learning is a two-way street

我们确保学习是一条双向的道路

where we listen to the stories that they have to say,

我们倾听他们所说的故事，

but also be able to teach them regeneration.

同时教他们农业再生技巧。

So very simple concepts,

这些概念非常简单，

like putting more carbon back in the soil than we take from it,

比如向土壤中排放的碳量 要高于从土壤中摄取的量，

or maybe planting the crops that are suited to our ecosystems

或者种植适合我们生态系统

and our landscapes.

和景观的作物。

And even propagating the life

甚至传播

that strengthens our forests and our trees.

能增强森林和树木的生物。

And as I was talking to these farmers,

当我与这些农民交谈时，

these crazy stories started resurfacing,

一些疯狂的故事开始浮出水面，

and I said, "OK, hang on, hang on. Maybe they're on to something here."

我说：“等一下， 或许这些故事有其依据。”

So together with our farmers, we started kind of trying it out.

因此，我们开始和农民一起实验。

OK, let's plant some rocks here and see what happens.

让我们在这里种一些石头， 看看会发生什么？

OK, let's plant according to the lunar cycles.

让我们根据月球周期进行种植。

And for some reason, every single time that we would do that,

不知为何，我们每次这样做时，

it would work.

都会奏效。

When we plant rocks under sweet potatoes,

当我们将石头埋在红薯下，

they were better, sweeter, just more delicious.

它们更好、更甜、更美味。

Every time we planted according to lunar cycles,

每当我们按照月球周期进行种植，

we'd have delicious harvests.

收成都会更美味。

And I thought, maybe, what if all of these weird stories

我想，或许这些奇怪的故事

are just kind of decades of peer review

可被视为几十年的同行评审，

that has passed down from grandmother to grandson,

从祖母传给孙子，

from father to daughter,

从父亲到女儿，

in the ways that they best knew how?

以最熟悉的方式传下来。

And maybe Grandma wasn't so crazy after all.

看来奶奶并不是疯狂的老人。

So I quickly learned that lunar cycles

因此，我去学习并了解到，

were actually tied to insect flight activity and reproduction

月球周期实际上与昆虫的 飞行活动和繁殖息息相关，

that made better pollinators, so more fruits.

昆虫的传粉媒介更好， 果实也更多。

It was tied to irrigation and water patterns.

它也与灌溉和用水模式有关。

And I thought, wow, that is so cool.

然后我想， “哇，这也太酷了。”

So my grandmother had a point. I digress.

所以祖母的话是有道理的。 我离题了。

It turns out planting rocks under root crops,

事实证明， 在块根作物下种植岩石，

it meant that you were just actually making better drainage,

实际上改善了排水系统，

but also it was creating this inviting ecosystem

但同时也创造了 一个诱人的生态系统，

for worms and little creatures to live under.

它吸引了蠕虫和小生物。

And they were just natural fertilizers.

而这些生物是天然的肥料。

So, awesome, Granddad was right.

这方法太棒了， 爷爷说的都是对的。

And whistling for wind,

还有吹口哨呼风这件事，

well ...

好吧……

I wish I could give you a scientific explanation.

我希望我能给你 一个科学的解释。

I have no idea how that works, but every time I ask my dad,

我不知道其原理， 但每当我问我爸，

“Can you bring me out to a field and whistle?”

“你能带我到田野里吹口哨吗？”

a light breeze would always seem to blow.

似乎总是会有微风吹过。

And it was magic. I was like, what is this sorcery?

特别神奇。 我当时想，这是什么巫术？

So what if all of these invisible pieces of knowledge

我们来设想下， 或许这些无形的知识

are actually keys to how we can best curate

都是一些可以帮助我们更好的

our stewardship to our landscapes,

管理景观的关键点呢？

how we could best create resilience in our ecosystems and forests

创造最有复原能力的 生态系统和森林

to react better to climate change.

以更好地应对 气候变化的关键。

And all of this knowledge exists

所有这些知识都存在于 国家和社区中，

in countries and communities, and traditions and stories

也存在于我们家庭的

within our families.

传统和故事中。

And as a young person who works in the environmental field,

作为环境领域工作的年轻人，

I think it is so cool to have that kind of responsibility

我认为这种将知识 传递给下一代的责任感，

to carry this knowledge on to the next generation,

将这些古老信息传递至现代，

to transfer this information over into our modern age

并能够阐明它们为何起作用，

and be able to articulate why they work.

是件非常酷的事。

Because maybe the solutions to our climate crisis,

因为，或许， 气候危机的解决方案，

maybe the next big fix-all,

人们寻找的万能解决方案，

isn't just this one big, amazing, sparkling solution.

不是一个宏伟、神奇、 闪亮的解决方案。

Maybe it exists in the soils under our feet.

也许它存在于 我们脚下的土壤中。

Maybe it’s in the wind that blows in the air

也许是空中飘荡的风，

or the sunlight that beats down on us.

或是照射在我们身上的暖阳。

Or maybe it exists in the crazy, wild stories of our grandmothers.

或许它存在于 我们祖母的疯狂故事中。

And it is such an honor to think that maybe these amazing solutions

这些神奇的解决方案，

are actually an opportunity for us to build something

实际上给予了我们 一个建设的机会，

that embodies the wisdom of our communities, of our families

以我们的社区、家庭和景观 代代相传的智慧为基石，

and of our landscapes over years and generations.

想到这里，我倍感荣幸。

And as a young person carrying that on,

作为一个传承人，

I think, wow, we have some exciting magic in our planet to offer,

我认为我们的地球 提供了很多魔法，

and hopefully we can harness that power

希望我们能利用这种力量，

and all this sorcery and secret bits of knowledge

以及这些巫术和秘密知识，

to do something really great with it in different parts of the world

为世界的各个角落 带来美好的变化，

that curate our stewardship to our planet.

为我们的地球尽职尽责。

With that, thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）